Events

January

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (

Cuba–United States relations Cuba and the United States restored diplomacy, diplomatic relations on July 20, 2015. Relations had been severed in 1961 during the Cold War. U.S. diplomatic representation in Cuba is handled by the Embassy of the United States, Havana, United ...

are restored in

2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...

). ** Aero Flight 311 (Koivulahti air disaster):

Douglas DC-3 The Douglas DC-3 is a propeller-driven airliner manufactured by Douglas Aircraft Company, which had a lasting effect on the airline industry in the 1930s to 1940s and World War II. It was developed as a larger, improved 14-bed sleeper version ...

C OH-LCC of Finnish airline Aero crashes near Kvevlax (Koivulahti), on approach to Vaasa Airport in Finland, killing all 25 on board, due to pilot error: an investigation finds that the

captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...

and first officer were both exhausted for lack of sleep, and had consumed excessive amounts of alcohol at the time of the crash. It remains the deadliest air disaster to occur in the country. * January 5 ** Italian sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti marches into the U.S. Consulate in Rome, and confesses that he was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. ** After the 1960 military coup, General

Cemal Gürsel Cemal Gürsel (; 13 October 1895 – 14 September 1966) was a Turkish army general who became the List of Presidents of Turkey, fourth President of Turkey after a coup. Early life He was born in the city of Erzurum as the son of an Ottoman A ...

forms the new government of Turkey (25th government). *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

– Following a four-day conference in

Casablanca Casablanca, also known in Arabic as Dar al-Bayda ( ar, الدَّار الْبَيْضَاء, al-Dār al-Bayḍāʾ, ; ber, ⴹⴹⴰⵕⵍⴱⵉⴹⴰ, ḍḍaṛlbiḍa, : "White House") is the largest city in Morocco and the country's econom ...

, five African chiefs of state announce plans for a NATO-type African organization to ensure common defense. The Charter of Casablanca involves the

Casablanca Group The Casablanca Group, sometimes known as the 'Casablanca bloc', was a short-lived, informal association of African states with a shared vision of the future of Africa and of Pan-Africanism in the early 1960s. The group was composed of seven states ...

: Morocco, the United Arab Republic, Ghana,

Guinea Guinea ( ),, fuf, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫, italic=no, Gine, wo, Gine, nqo, ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫, bm, Gine officially the Republic of Guinea (french: République de Guinée), is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the we ...

, and Mali. *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

– In France, a referendum supports

Charles de Gaulle Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; ; (commonly abbreviated as CDG) 22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French army officer and statesman who led Free France against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government ...

's policies on independence for Algeria. *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

– British authorities announce they have uncovered a large Soviet spy ring, the Portland Spy Ring, in London. * January 17 ** President

Dwight Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...

gives his final State of the Union Address to Congress. In a Farewell Address the same day, he warns of the increasing power of a " military–industrial complex." ** Patrice Lumumba of the

Republic of Congo The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the w ...

is assassinated. *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

– John F. Kennedy is

sworn in Traditionally an oath (from Anglo-Saxon ', also called plight) is either a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who conscientiously object to making sacred oaths is to giv ...

as the 35th President of the United States. * January 24 – A

B-52 Stratofortress The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is an American long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber. The B-52 was designed and built by Boeing, which has continued to provide support and upgrades. It has been operated by the United States Air ...

, with two

nuclear bomb A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb ...

s, crashes near

Goldsboro, North Carolina Goldsboro, originally Goldsborough, is a city and the county seat of Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 33,657 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of and is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropol ...

. *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

** In Washington, D.C., President John F. Kennedy delivers the first live presidential

news conference A press conference or news conference is a media event in which notable individuals or organizations invite journalists to hear them speak and ask questions. Press conferences are often held by politicians, corporations, non-governmental organ ...

. In it, he announces that the Soviet Union has freed the two surviving crewmen of a USAF RB-47 reconnaissance plane, shot down by Soviet flyers over the Barents Sea on

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...

(see RB-47H shot down). ** Acting to halt 'leftist excesses', a

junta Junta may refer to: Government and military * Junta (governing body) (from Spanish), the name of various historical and current governments and governing institutions, including civil ones ** Military junta, one form of junta, government led by ...

composed of two army officers and four civilians takes over

El Salvador El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south b ...

, ousting another junta that had ruled for three months. * January 28 – '' Supercar'', the first family sci-fi TV series filmed in

Supermarionation Supermarionation (a portmanteau of the words "super", "marionette" and " animation")La Rivière 2009, p. 67. is a style of television and film production employed by British company AP Films (later Century 21 Productions) in its puppet T ...

, debuts on

ATV ATV may refer to: Broadcasting * Amateur television *Analog television Television stations and companies * Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra * ATV (Armenia) * ATV (Aruba), NBC affiliate * ATV (Australian TV station), Melbourne * ATV (Austria) * AT ...

in the UK. *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

– President John F. Kennedy delivers his first State of the Union Address. * January 31 – Ham, a 37-pound (17-kg) male chimpanzee, is rocketed into space aboard Mercury-Redstone 2, in a test of the Project Mercury spacecraft, designed to carry United States

astronaut An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft. Although generally r ...

s into space.

February

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

– The United States tests its first Minuteman I intercontinental ballistic missile. *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

– The Portuguese Colonial War begins in Angola. *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

– 9 – In

Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

, President Joseph Kasa-Vubu names Joseph Iléo as the new Prime Minister. * February 9 –

The Beatles at The Cavern Club The Cavern Club at 10 Mathew Street, in Liverpool was the venue where the Beatles' UK popularity started. John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Pete Best were first seen by Brian Epstein at the club. Epstein eventually became their ...

: Lunchtime – The Beatles perform under this name at The Cavern Club for the first time following their return to Liverpool from Hamburg,

George Harrison George Harrison (25 February 1943 – 29 November 2001) was an English musician and singer-songwriter who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles. Sometimes called "the quiet Beatle", Harrison embraced Indian c ...

's first appearance at the venue. On March 21 they begin regular performances here. * February 12 – The USSR launches '' Venera 1'' towards Venus. *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

– The

government announces that villagers have killed Patrice Lumumba. *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

– Discovery of the chemical elements: Element 103, Lawrencium, is first synthesized in Berkeley, California. *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

** United States President John F. Kennedy warns the Soviet Union to avoid interfering with the United Nations' pacification of the

. ** Sabena Flight 548 crashes near Brussels, Belgium, killing 73, including the entire United States figure skating team and several coaches. ** The total solar eclipse of February 15, 1961, visible in the southern part of Europe, occurs. *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

– Hassan II is pronounced King of Morocco.

March

* March– April – Drilling for Project Mohole is undertaken off the coast of Guadalupe Island, Mexico. * March 1 – United States President John F. Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps. * March 3 – Hassan II is crowned King of Morocco. * March 8 **

Max Conrad Max Arthur Conrad, Jr. (January 21, 1903 – April 3, 1979 in Summit, New Jersey) known as the "Flying Grandfather", was a record-setting aviator. In the 1950s and 1960s, he set nine official light plane world records, three of which still stan ...

circumnavigates the earth in 8 days, 18 hours and 49 minutes, setting a new world record. ** The first U.S.

Polaris Polaris is a star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Minor. It is designated α Ursae Minoris ( Latinized to ''Alpha Ursae Minoris'') and is commonly called the North Star or Pole Star. With an apparent magnitude that ...

submarine A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...

s arrive at Holy Loch in Scotland. * March 11 – " Barbie" gets a boyfriend, when the " Ken" doll is introduced in the United States. * March 13 ** Black and white £5 notes cease to be legal tender in the UK. **

1961 Kurenivka mudslide The Kurenivka mudslide occurred on 13 March 1961 in Kyiv, then a city in the Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. It took place near the historic Babi Yar ravine, which had been the site of the mass murder of more than 100,000 Jews and other civilians d ...

: A dam bursts in

Kiev Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

, USSR, killing 145. ** United States delegate to the United Nations Security Council Adlai Stevenson votes against Portuguese policies in Africa. ** United States President John F. Kennedy proposes a long-term " Alliance for Progress", between the United States and Latin America. ** Cyprus joins the Commonwealth of Nations, becoming the first small country in the Commonwealth. ** Monash University in Melbourne, Australia takes in its first students. ** A second B-52 crashes near Yuba City, California, after cabin pressure is lost and the fuel runs out. Two nuclear weapons are found unexploded. * March 15 ** South Africa announces it will withdraw from the Commonwealth of Nations, upon becoming a republic (31 May). The nation rejoins the organization in

1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which Sinking of the MS Estonia, sank in ...

. ** The Union of Peoples of Angola, led by Holden Roberto, attacks strategic locations in the north of Angola. These events result in the beginning of the colonial war with Portugal. * March 18 ** A ceasefire takes effect in the Algerian War of Independence. ** ''Nous les amoureux'' by Jean-Claude Pascal (music by Jacques Datin, text by Maurice Vidalin) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1961 for Luxembourg. * March 29 – The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, allowing residents of Washington, D.C. to vote in

presidential President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

elections. * March 30 – The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is signed at New York.

April

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

– The New Guinea Council of Western Papua is installed. *

April 8 Events Pre-1600 * 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. * 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids. *1139 – Ro ...

–

British India Steam Navigation Company British India Steam Navigation Company ("BI") was formed in 1856 as the Calcutta and Burmah Steam Navigation Company. History The ''Calcutta and Burmah Steam Navigation Company'' had been formed out of Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co, a trading partn ...

passenger ship ' blows up and sinks off Dubai; 238 passengers and crew are killed. * April 11 – The trial of Nazi

Adolf Eichmann Otto Adolf Eichmann ( ,"Eichmann"
''

Jerusalem. * April 12 ** '' Vostok 1'': Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human in space, orbiting the Earth once before parachuting to the ground. ** Albert Kalonji takes the title ''Emperor Albert I Kalonji'' of South Kasai. ** Bernard Schwarz gets the patent for the body electrode. *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 *1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

– In Portugal, a coup attempt against António de Oliveira Salazar fails. * April 17 ** The Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba begins; it fails by April 19. ** The 33rd Academy Awards ceremony is held in Santa Monica, California: '' The Apartment'' (1960) wins most awards, including Best Picture. * April 18 – Portugal sends its first military reinforcement to Angola. * April 20 –

Fidel Castro Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (; ; 13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 200 ...

announces that the Bay of Pigs Invasion has been defeated. * April 22 –

Algiers putsch The Algiers putsch (french: Putsch d'Alger or ), also known as the Generals' putsch (''Putsch des généraux''), was a failed coup d'état intended to force French President Charles de Gaulle not to abandon French Algeria, along with the resi ...

: Four French generals who oppose de Gaulle's policies in Algeria fail in a coup attempt. *

April 23 Events Pre-1600 * 215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. * 599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southe ...

– Judy Garland performs in a legendary comeback concert at

Carnegie Hall Carnegie Hall ( ) is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It is at 881 Seventh Avenue (Manhattan), Seventh Avenue, occupying the east side of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street (Manhattan), 56th and 57th Street (Manhatta ...

in New York City. * April 24 –

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

warship '' Vasa'', sunk on her maiden voyage in

1628 Events January–March * January 19 – (26 Jumada al-Awwal 1037 A.H.) The reign of Salef-ud-din Muhammad Shahryar as the Mughal Emperor, Shahryar Mirza, comes to an end a little more than two months after the November 7 dea ...

, is recovered from

Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...

Harbor. *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

** President

Kennedy Kennedy may refer to: People * John F. Kennedy (1917–1963), 35th president of the United States * John Kennedy (Louisiana politician), (born 1951), US Senator from Louisiana * Kennedy (surname), a family name (including a list of persons with t ...

urges newspapers to consider national interest in times of struggle against "a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy", in an address before the American Newspaper Publishers Association''. ** Sierra Leone becomes independent from the United Kingdom.

May

* May 4 – U.S.

Freedom Riders Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions ''Morgan v. Virginia' ...

begin interstate bus rides, to test the new U.S. Supreme Court

integration Integration may refer to: Biology * Multisensory integration * Path integration * Pre-integration complex, viral genetic material used to insert a viral genome into a host genome *DNA integration, by means of site-specific recombinase technolo ...

decision Decision may refer to: Law and politics * Judgment (law), as the outcome of a legal case *Landmark decision, the outcome of a case that sets a legal precedent * ''Per curiam'' decision, by a court with multiple judges Books * ''Decision'' (nove ...

. * May 5 – Mercury program: Alan Shepard becomes the first American in space, aboard Mercury-Redstone 3. * May 6 – Tottenham Hotspur F.C. becomes the first team in the 20th century to win the English league and cup double. , this is the last time Tottenham have won the English League. *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

– Briton George Blake is sentenced to 42 years imprisonment for spying. * May 9 – In a speech on "

Television and the Public Interest "Television and the Public Interest" was a speech given by Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chairman Newton N. Minow to the convention of the National Association of Broadcasters on May 9, 1961. The speech was Minow's first major speech afte ...

" to the

National Association of Broadcasters The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) is a trade association and lobby group representing the interests of commercial and non-commercial over-the-air radio and television broadcasters in the United States. The NAB represents more than ...

, FCC chairman Newton N. Minow describes commercial television programming as a "vast wasteland". * May 14 – Civil rights movement: A

bus is fire-bombed near Anniston, Alabama, and the civil rights protestors are beaten by an angry mob of

Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan (), commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan, is an American white supremacist, right-wing terrorist, and hate group whose primary targets are African Americans, Jews, Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and ...

members. * May 15 –

J. Heinrich Matthaei Johannes Heinrich Matthaei (born 4 May 1929) is a German biochemist. He is best known for his unique contribution to solving the genetic code on 15 May 1961. Career Whilst a post-doctoral visitor in the laboratory of Marshall Warren Nirenberg ...

alone performs the Poly-U-Experiment, and is the first person to recognize and understand the genetic code. This is the birthdate of modern genetics. *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. *1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1364 ...

–

Park Chung-hee Park Chung-hee (, ; 14 November 1917 – 26 October 1979) was a South Korean politician and army general who served as the dictator of South Korea from 1961 until his assassination in 1979; ruling as an unelected military strongman from 1961 ...

takes over in a military coup, in South Korea. * May 19 – '' Venera 1'' becomes the first man-made object to fly-by another planet by passing Venus (however, the probe loses contact with Earth a month earlier, and does not send back any data). * May 21 – Civil rights movement: Alabama Governor John Patterson declares martial law in an attempt to restore order, after

race riot This is a list of ethnic riots by country, and includes riots based on ethnic, sectarian, xenophobic, and racial conflict. Some of these riots can also be classified as pogroms. Africa Americas United States Nativist period: 1700s� ...

s break out. * May 22 – An earthquake rocks New South Wales. *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

– Civil rights movement:

are arrested in Jackson, Mississippi for "disturbing the peace", after disembarking from their bus. * May 25 – Apollo program: President Kennedy announces, before a special joint session of Congress, his goal to put a man on the Moon before the end of the decade. *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &ndash ...

– Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of

Malaya Malaya refers to a number of historical and current political entities related to what is currently Peninsular Malaysia in Southeast Asia: Political entities * British Malaya (1826–1957), a loose collection of the British colony of the Straits ...

, holds a press conference in Singapore, announcing his idea to form the Federation of Malaysia, comprising Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, Brunei and North Borneo ( Sabah). * May 28 – Peter Benenson's article "The Forgotten Prisoners" is published in several internationally read newspapers. This is later considered the founding of the human rights organization

Amnesty International Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The organization says it has more than ten million members and sup ...

. *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

– Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, ruler of the Dominican Republic since

1930 Events January * January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...

, is killed in an ambush. * May 31 ** In France, rebel generals Maurice Challe and Andre Zelelr are sentenced to 15 years in prison. ** South Africa becomes a republic, and officially leaves the Commonwealth of Nations. ** President John F. Kennedy and

meet in Paris. ** Benfica beats Barcelona 3–2 at Wankdorf Stadium,

Bern german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese , neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen , website ...

and wins the

1960–61 European Cup The 1960–61 European Cup was the sixth season of the European Cup, UEFA's premier club football tournament. The competition was won by Benfica, who won 3–2 in the final against Barcelona, who had knocked out Spanish rivals Real Madrid, winne ...

(football).

June

* June 1 – Ethiopia experiences its most devastating earthquake of the 20th century, with a magnitude of 6.7. The town of Majete is destroyed, 45% of the houses in Karakore collapse, of the main road north of Karakore are damaged by landslides and fissures, and 5,000 inhabitants in the area are left homeless. * June 4 – Vienna summit: John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev meet during two days in Vienna. They discuss nuclear tests, disarmament and Germany. * June 16 – Russian ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev requests asylum in France, while in Paris with the Kirov Ballet. * June 17 ** A Paris-to-

Strasbourg Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label=Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label=Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the Eu ...

train derails near Vitry-le-François; 24 are killed, 109 injured. ** The

New Democratic Party The New Democratic Party (NDP; french: Nouveau Parti démocratique, NPD) is a federal political party in Canada. Widely described as social democratic,The party is widely described as social democratic: * * * * * * * * * * * * t ...

of Canada is founded, with the merger of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and the

Canadian Labour Congress The Canadian Labour Congress, or CLC (french: Congrès du travail du Canada, link=no or ) is a national trade union centre, the central labour body in Canada to which most Canadian labour unions are affiliated. History Formation The CLC was ...

. * June 19 – The British protectorate ends in Kuwait and it becomes an emirate. * June 22 – Moise Tshombe is released for lack of evidence of his connection to the murder of Patrice Lumumba. *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

– The Antarctic Treaty comes into effect. * June 25 – Iraqi president Abd al-Karim Qasim announces his intention to annex newly independent Kuwait (such an annexation will occur in

1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...

). * June 27 – Kuwait requests British help against the Iraqi threat; the United Kingdom sends in troops.

July

* July 4 – Soviet submarine K-19 suffers a reactor leak in the North Atlantic. * July 5 – The first Israeli rocket, '' Shavit 2'', is launched. *

July 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch. * 1283 – Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese ...

– A mine explosion in Czechoslovakia leaves 108 dead. * July 12 ** A Czechoslovakian

Ilyushin Il-18 The Ilyushin Il-18 (russian: Илью́шин Ил-18; NATO reporting name: Coot) is a large turboprop airliner that first flew in 1957 and became one of the best known and most durable Soviet aircraft of its era. The Il-18 was one of the world ...

crashes while attempting to land at

, Morocco, killing all 72 people on board. ** Two dams that supplied water to the City of Pune, India burst, causing death of more than 1000 residents. * July 17 – Baseball legend Ty Cobb dies at the age of 74, at Emory University Hospital. * July 21 – Mercury program:

Virgil I. Grissom Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom (April 3, 1926 – January 27, 1967) was an American engineer, pilot in the United States Air Force, and member of the Mercury Seven selected by National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) as Project Mercur ...

, piloting the Mercury-Redstone 4 spacecraft '' Liberty Bell 7'', becomes the second American to go into space (sub-orbital). After splashdown, the hatch prematurely opens, and the spacecraft sinks (it is recovered in

1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...

). * July 25 – U.S. President John F. Kennedy gives a widely watched TV speech on the Berlin crisis, warning "we will not be driven out of Berlin." Kennedy urges Americans to build fallout shelters, setting off a four-month debate on civil defense. *

July 31 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. * 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Tr ...

** At Fenway Park in Boston, the first Major League Baseball All-Star Game tie occurs, when the game is stopped in the 9th inning due to rain (the only tie until

2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...

). ** Ireland submits the first application from a non-founding country to join the

European Economic Community The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organization created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the ''Treaty on the functioning of the European Union'', as renamed by the Lisb ...

August

* August – The United States founds the Alliance for Progress. * August 1 – The Six Flags Over Texas theme park officially opens to the public. *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. * 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...

– '' Vostok 2'': Soviet cosmonaut Gherman Titov becomes the second human to orbit the Earth, and the first to be in outer space for more than one day. * August 7 – ''Vostok 2'' lands in the Soviet Union. * August 10 – The United Kingdom applies for membership in the

. *

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founde ...

– An

annular solar eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...

is visible from the Southern Ocean. * August 13 – Construction of the

Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall (german: Berliner Mauer, ) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and East Germany (GDR). Construction of the Berlin Wall was commenced by the government ...

begins, restricting movement between

East Berlin East Berlin was the ''de facto'' capital city of East Germany from 1949 to 1990. Formally, it was the Allied occupation zones in Germany, Soviet sector of Berlin, established in 1945. The American, British, and French sectors were known as ...

and West Berlin, and forming a clear boundary between West Germany and East Germany, Western Europe and Eastern Europe. On August 22 Ida Siekmann jumps from a window in her tenement building trying to flee to the West, becoming the first of at least 138 people to die at the Wall. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

–

Jomo Kenyatta Jomo Kenyatta (22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. He was the country's first indigenous ...

is released from prison in Kenya. * August 25 – João Goulart replaces Jânio Quadros as President of Brazil (he is ousted in

1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch ...

). * August 30 – The Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness is signed at the United Nations in New York, coming into effect December 13, 1975.

September

* September 1 ** The Eritrean War of Independence officially begins, with the shooting of the Ethiopian police by Hamid Idris Awate. ** The first meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement is held. The Soviet Union resumes nuclear testing, escalating fears over the ongoing Berlin crisis. * September 7 – Tom and Jerry make a return with their first cartoon short since 1958, ''

Switchin' Kitten ''Switchin' Kitten'' is a ''Tom and Jerry'' animated short film, released on September 7, 1961. It was the first cartoon in the series to be directed by Gene Deitch and produced by William L. Snyder in Czechoslovakia, after William Hanna and Jose ...

''. The new creator,

Gene Deitch Eugene Merril Deitch (August 8, 1924 – April 16, 2020) was an American illustrator, animator, comics artist, and film director who was based in Prague from the 1960s until his death in 2020. Deitch was known for creating animated cartoons ...

, makes 12 more Tom and Jerry shorts through 1962. * September 10 – During the F1 Italian Grand Prix on the circuit of Monza, German Wolfgang von Trips, driving a

Ferrari Ferrari S.p.A. (; ) is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988) in 1939 from the Alfa Romeo racing division as ''Auto Avio Costruzioni'', the company built its first car in ...

, crashes into a stand, killing 14 spectators and himself. * September 12 – The African and Malagasy Union is founded. * September 14 ** The new military government of Turkey sentences 15 members of the previous government to death. ** The Focolare Movement opens its first North American center in

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

. *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...

** Military rulers in Turkey hang former prime minister

Adnan Menderes Adnan Menderes (; 1899 – 17 September 1961) was a Turkish politician who served as Prime Minister of Turkey between 1950 and 1960. He was one of the founders of the Democrat Party (DP) in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He ...

, together with the former Minister of Foreign Affairs Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and former Minister of Finance

Hasan Polatkan Hasan Polatkan (1915 – 16 September 1961) was a Turkish politician and Minister of Labor and Finance, who was executed by hanging after the coup d'état in 1960 along with two other cabinet members. Early years He was born 1915 in Eski� ...

. ** The world's first retractable roof stadium, the Civic Arena, opens in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. * September 18 – United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld dies in an air crash, en route to Katanga,

. * September 21 – In France, the OAS slips an anti- de Gaulle message into TV programming. * September 24 ** The old

Deutsche Opernhaus Deutsch or Deutsche may refer to: *''Deutsch'' or ''(das) Deutsche'': the German language, in Germany and other places *''Deutsche'': Germans, as a weak masculine, feminine or plural demonym *Deutsch (word), originally referring to the Germanic ve ...

in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg is returned to its newly rebuilt house, as the Deutsche Oper Berlin. ** In the U.S., the Walt Disney anthology television series, renamed ''Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color'', moves from ABC to NBC after seven years on the air, and begins telecasting its programs in color for the first time. Years later, after Disney's death, the still-on-the-air program will be renamed ''The Wonderful World of Disney''. *

September 28 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. * 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...

– A military coup in

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

effectively ends the United Arab Republic, the union between Egypt and

. * September 30 – The

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; french: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, ''OCDE'') is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries ...

(OECD) is formed to replace the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC).

October

* October 1 – Baseball player

Roger Maris Roger Eugene Maris (September 10, 1934 – December 14, 1985) was an American professional baseball right fielder who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He is best known for setting a new MLB single-season home run record with 61 ...

of the New York Yankees hits his 61st home run in the last game of the season, against the Boston Red Sox, setting a new record for the longer baseball season. The record for the shorter season is still held by Babe Ruth. * October 5 – ''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (film) was theatrically released by

Paramount Pictures Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film and television production company, production and Distribution (marketing), distribution company and the main namesake division of Paramount Global (formerly ViacomCBS). It is the fifth-oldes ...

, to critical and commercial success. * October 10 – A volcanic eruption on Tristan da Cunha causes the whole population to be evacuated to Britain, where they will remain until 1963. * October 12 – The

death penalty Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that t ...

is abolished in New Zealand. * October 17 – Paris massacre of 1961: French police in Paris attack about 30,000 protesting a curfew applied solely to Algerians. The official death toll is 3, but human rights groups claim 240 dead. * October 18 – '' West Side Story'' is released as a film in the United States. * October 19 – The

Arab League The Arab League ( ar, الجامعة العربية, ' ), formally the League of Arab States ( ar, جامعة الدول العربية, '), is a regional organization in the Arab world, which is located in Northern Africa, Western Africa, E ...

takes over protecting Kuwait; the last British troops leave. * October 25 – The first edition of ''

Private Eye ''Private Eye'' is a British fortnightly satire, satirical and current affairs (news format), current affairs news magazine, founded in 1961. It is published in London and has been edited by Ian Hislop since 1986. The publication is widely r ...

'', the British satirical magazine, is published. * October 26 –

becomes the fourth president of Turkey (his former title is head of state and government; he is elected as president by constitutional referendum). * October 27 ** An armistice begins in Katanga,

. ** Mongolia and

Mauritania Mauritania (; ar, موريتانيا, ', french: Mauritanie; Berber: ''Agawej'' or ''Cengit''; Pulaar: ''Moritani''; Wolof: ''Gànnaar''; Soninke:), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania ( ar, الجمهورية الإسلامية ...

join the United Nations. ** Confrontation at Checkpoint Charlie: A standoff between Soviet and American tanks in Berlin, Germany heightens

Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...

tensions. **

Fahrettin Özdilek Emin Fahrettin Özdilek was a military officer and politician. He served as acting Prime Minister of Turkey in 1961. Military career Özdilek entered cadet school in 1916. He was promoted to Lieutenant the following year. Özdilek would later ...

becomes the acting prime minister of Turkey. * October 29 ** DZBB-TV Channel 7, the Philippines' third TV station, is launched. ** Devrim, the first ever

car A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people instead of goods. The year 1886 is regarded as ...

designed and produced in Turkey, is released. The project has been completed in only 130 days almost from scratch, a period including decision on the project, research, design, development and production of four vehicles. * October 30 ** Nuclear weapons testing: The Soviet Union detonates a 58-megaton yield

hydrogen bomb A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design. Its greater sophistication affords it vastly greater destructive power than first-generation nuclear bombs, a more compact size, a lowe ...

known as Tsar Bomba, over

Novaya Zemlya Novaya Zemlya (, also , ; rus, Но́вая Земля́, p=ˈnovəjə zʲɪmˈlʲa, ) is an archipelago in northern Russia. It is situated in the Arctic Ocean, in the extreme northeast of Europe, with Cape Flissingsky, on the northern island, ...

(it remains the largest ever man-made explosion). ** The Note Crisis: The Soviet Union issues a diplomatic note to Finland, proposing military co-operation. * October 31 ** Hurricane Hattie devastates Belize City, Belize killing over 270. After the hurricane, the capital moves to the inland city of Belmopan. ** Joseph Stalin's body is removed from the Lenin Mausoleum.

November

* November 1 ** The

Hungry generation The Hungry Generation ( bn, হাংরি জেনারেশান) was a literary movement in the Bengali language launched by what is known today as the Hungryalist quartet, ''i.e.'' Shakti Chattopadhyay, Malay Roy Choudhury, Samir Royc ...

Movement is launched in Calcutta, India. ** The Interstate Commerce Commission's federal order banning segregation at all interstate public facilities officially comes into effect. * November 2 – '' Kean'' opens at Broadway Theater in New York City for 92 performances. * November 3 – The United Nations General Assembly unanimously elects Burmese diplomat U Thant to the position of acting Secretary-General. * November 6 – The US government issues a stamp honoring the 100th birthday of James Naismith. * November 8 ** Imperial Airlines Flight 201/8 crashes while attempting to land at

Richmond, Virginia (Thus do we reach the stars) , image_map = , mapsize = 250 px , map_caption = Location within Virginia , pushpin_map = Virginia#USA , pushpin_label = Richmond , pushpin_m ...

, killing 77 people on board. ** KVN, Russia's longest running TV show, airs for the first time on

Soviet television Television in the Soviet Union was owned, controlled and censored by the state. The body governing television in the era of the Soviet Union was the Gosteleradio committee, which was responsible for both the Soviet Central Television and the All ...

. *

November 9 Events Pre-1600 * 694 – At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery. * 1277 – The Treaty of Aberconwy, a humiliating settlement f ...

– Robert White records a world air speed record of , in an X-15. * November 10 – '' Catch-22'' by Joseph Heller is first published, in the US. * November 11 ** Congolese soldiers murder 13 Italian United Nations pilots. ** Stalingrad is renamed Volgograd. * November 14 – Yves Saint Laurent, a luxury fashion brand of France, founded in Rue La Boetie, Paris. * November 17 – Michael Rockefeller, son of New York Governor and later Vice President

Nelson Rockefeller Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979), sometimes referred to by his nickname Rocky, was an American businessman and politician who served as the 41st vice president of the United States from 1974 to 1977. A member of t ...

, disappears in the jungles of New Guinea. * November 18 – U.S. President John F. Kennedy sends 18,000 military advisors to

South Vietnam South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...

. * November 19 –

Rebellion of the Pilots The Rebellion of the Pilots was a military uprising carried out by six members of the Dominican Military Aviation (today the Dominican Air Force) on November 19, 1961 that put a definitive end to the rule of 31 years of the Rafael Trujillo, Trujillo ...

: A military uprising overthrows the Trujillo regime in the Dominican Republic. * November 20 – İsmet İnönü of the CHP forms the new government of Turkey (26th government, first coalition in Turkey, partner AP). *

November 21 Events Pre-1600 *164 BCE – Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, rededicates the Temple in Jerusalem, an event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah. (25 Kislev 3597 in the Hebrew calendar.) * 235 & ...

– The " La Ronde" opens in Honolulu, the first revolving restaurant in the United States. * November 24 – The World Food Programme (WFP) is formed as a temporary United Nations program. * November 30 – The Soviet Union vetoes Kuwait's application for United Nations membership.

December

* December 1 – Netherlands New Guinea raises the new Morning Star flag, and changes its name to West Papua. * December 2 –

: In a nationally broadcast speech, Cuban leader

announces he is a Marxist–Leninist, and that Cuba will adopt socialism. * December 5 – U.S. President John F. Kennedy gives support to the Volta Dam project in Ghana. * December 9 ** Tanganyika gains independence as a

Commonwealth realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state in the Commonwealth of Nations whose monarch and head of state is shared among the other realms. Each realm functions as an independent state, equal with the other realms and nations of the Commonwealt ...

, with Julius Nyerere as its first Prime Minister, with Queen Elizabeth II as

Queen of Tanganyika Elizabeth II was Queen of Tanganyika from 1961 to 1962, when Tanganyika was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy. She was also the monarch of other sovereign states, including the United Kingdom. Her constitutional roles ...

, and represented locally by the Governor-General of Tanganyika. **

1961 Australian federal election The 1961 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 9 December 1961. All 122 seats in the House of Representatives and 31 of the 60 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition led by Prime Minist ...

Robert Menzies The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of ''Hrōþ, Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory ...

' Liberal/ Country

Coalition A coalition is a group formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political or economical spaces. Formation According to ''A Gui ...

Government is re-elected with a one-seat majority, narrowly defeating the Labor Party led by Arthur Calwell. One of the closest election results in Australian history, such a result will not be replicated again until 2016. Notably, former Prime Minister Earle Page loses his seat, although he dies a few days later, never knowing the result. * December 10 – The Soviet Union severs diplomatic relations with Albania. * December 11 ** American involvement in the Vietnam War officially begins, as the first American helicopters arrive in Saigon, along with 400 U.S. personnel. **

Adolf Eichmann Otto Adolf Eichmann ( ,"Eichmann"
''

pronounced Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect ("correct pronunciation") or simply the way a particular ...

guilty of crimes against humanity by a panel of three Israeli judges, and sentenced to death. * December 14 – Walt Disney's first live-action Technicolor musical, '' Babes in Toyland'', a remake of the famous Victor Herbert operetta, is released, but flops at the box office. * December 15 – An Israeli war crimes tribunal sentences

Adolf Eichmann Otto Adolf Eichmann ( ,"Eichmann"
''

The Holocaust. * December 17 – A circus tent fire in Niterói, Brazil kills 323. * December 18 – India opens hostilities in 1961 Indian annexation of Goa, its annexation of Portuguese India, the colonies of Goa, Daman, India, Damao and Diu, India, Diu. * December 19 ** The 1961 Indian annexation of Goa#Portuguese surrender, Portuguese surrender Goa to India, after 400 years of Portuguese rule. ** Indonesian president Sukarno announces that he will take West Irian by force, if necessary. * December 21 – In

, Katangan prime minister Moise Tshombe recognizes the Congolese constitution. * December 23 – Luxembourg's National Day, national holiday, the Grand Duke's Official Birthday, is set on

by Grand Ducal decree. * December 30 – Congolese troops capture Albert Kalonji of South Kasai (who soon escapes). * December 31 – Ireland's first national television station, ''Telefís Éireann'' (later Raidió Teilifís Éireann), begins broadcasting.

Births

January

Gabrielle Carteris at the Chiller Theatre Expo 2017

* January 2 ** Gabrielle Carteris, American actress, and trade union leader ** Todd Haynes, American film director *

– Supriya Pathak, Indian actress *

– Calvin Smith, American athlete * January 11 ** Lars-Erik Torph, Swedish rally driver (d. 1989) ** Karl von Habsburg, Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, Austrian politician, noble * January 13 – Julia Louis-Dreyfus, American actress, producer and comedian * January 14 ** Rob Hall, New Zealand mountaineer (d. 1996) ** Mike Tramp, Danish rock singer (''White Lion'') * January 17 – Maia Chiburdanidze, Georgian chess player * January 18 ** Peter Beardsley, English footballer ** Mark Messier, Canadian hockey player * January 22 ** Daniel Johnston, American singer-songwriter, musician and artist (d. 2019) ** Shigeru Nakahara, Japanese voice actor * January 24 – Guido Buchwald, German footballer *

– Vivian Balakrishnan, Singaporean politician * January 26 – Wayne Gretzky, Canadian hockey player * January 27 – Saifuddin Abdullah, Malaysian politician * January 28 – Arnaldur Indriðason, Icelandic writer * January 29 – Petra Thümer, German swimmer

February

David Graeber 2015-03-07 (16741093492) (cropped)

– Volker Fried, German field hockey player * February 3 – Jim Balsillie, Canadian CEO and philanthropist *

** Aleksandr Nikitin (footballer), Aleksandr Nikitin, Russian football coach and player (d. 2021) ** Denis Cyr, Canadian-American ice hockey player and politician *

– Flordelis, Brazilian pastor, singer and politician * February 6 – Yuko Kobayashi, Japanese voice actress * February 9 – Jussi Lampi, Finnish musician and actor * February 11 – Mary Docter, American speed skater * February 12 – David Graeber, American anthropologist, anarchist activist and author (d. 2020) *

– Henry Rollins, American musician and activist *

– Maria do Carmo Silveira, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe *

– Benoît Chamoux, French alpinist (d. 1995) * February 16 – Niko Nirvi, Finnish journalist * February 17 ** Meir Kessler, Israeli rabbi ** Andrey Korotayev, Russian anthropologist, economic historian and sociologist * February 18 – Hironobu Kageyama, Japanese singer * February 19 – Justin Fashanu, English footballer (d. 1998) * February 20 ** Dwayne McDuffie, American writer of comics and television (d. 2011) ** Phil Powers (climber), Phil Powers, American alpinist ** Imogen Stubbs, British actress and playwright * February 21 ** Christopher Atkins, American actor ** Abhijit Banerjee, Indian-born economist, recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences ** Geoff Moore, American Christian musician * February 22 – Akira Takasaki, Japanese guitarist * February 27 – James Worthy, American basketball player and analyst * February 28 – Richard Waugh (actor), Richard Waugh, Canadian voice actor

March

Laurel Clark, NASA photo portrait in blue suit

WW Chicago 2015 - Evil Dead 18 (21021271936)

* March 3 ** Milorad Mandić, Serbian actor (d. 2016) ** Mary Page Keller, American actress ** John Matteson, Pulitzer Prize-winning American biographer * March 4 ** Ray Mancini, American boxer ** Roger Wessels, South African golfer * March 5 – Charles Poliquin, Canadian strength coach * March 9 ** Mike Leach (American football coach), Mike Leach, American college football coach ** Rick Steiner, American professional wrestler * March 10 ** Mike Bullard (ice hockey), Mike Bullard, American hockey player ** Laurel Clark, American astronaut (d. 2003) ** Mitch Gaylord, American gymnast * March 11 – Elias Koteas, Canadian film and television actor * March 13 - Vasily Ignatenko, Soviet firefighter at the Chernobyl disaster (d. 1986) *March 14 ** Kim Boyce, American Christian musician ** Gary Dell'Abate, American radio producer ** Marc Koska, English businessman and inventor ** Hiro Matsushita, Japanese Businessman and Former Racing driver * March 16 ** Brett Kenny, Australian rugby league player ** Todd McFarlane, Canadian comic book creator and entrepreneur ** Michiru Ōshima, Japanese composer * March 17 ** Umayya Abu-Hanna, Palestine-born Finnish writer and politician ** Alexander Bard, Swedish musician (Army of Lovers) ** Sam Bowie, American basketball player ** Dana Reeve, American actress, singer and activist (d. 2006) ** Casey Siemaszko, American actor * March 21 ** Kassie DePaiva, American actress ** Lothar Matthäus, German footballer * March 22 ** Simon Furman, British comic book writer * March 23 ** Norrie McCathie, Scottish footballer (d. 1996) ** Ali Hewson, Irish activist and businesswoman ** Helmi Johannes, Indonesian television newscaster * March 24 ** Mitsuru Ogata, Japanese voice actor ** Yanis Varoufakis, Greek economist, Greek Finance Minister * March 25 ** Reggie Fils-Aimé, American businessman ** Vitalijus Satkevičius, Lithuanian politician * March 26 – William Hague, former UK Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Foreign Secretary and former Leader of the UK Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party * March 27 – Tak Matsumoto, Japanese guitarist (B'z) * March 28 – Byron Scott, American basketball player and coach * March 29 ** Amy Sedaris, American actress, comedian and writer ** Gerardo Teissonniere, Puerto Rican pianist * March 30 – Doug Wickenheiser, Canadian ice hockey player (d.

) * March 31 – Gary Winick, American filmmaker (d. 2011)

April

* April 1 ** Susan Boyle, Scottish singer ** Kujira, Japanese voice actress * April 2 – Christopher Meloni, American actor * April 3 ** Elizabeth Gracen, American beauty queen, actress and model ** Eddie Murphy, African-American actor and comedian ** Edward Highmore, English actor *

– Lisa Zane, American actress * April 6 – Gene Eugene, Canadian actor and singer (d. 2000) * April 7 ** DONDI, American graffiti artist (d. 1998) ** Thurl Bailey, American basketball player * April 9 ** Mick Kennedy, Irish footballer (d. 2019) ** April Boy Regino, Filipino musician (d. 2020) * April 10 – Rudy Dhaenens, Belgian road bicycle racer (d. 1998) * April 11 – Vincent Gallo, American actor * April 12 – Lisa Gerrard, Australian musician * April 14 ** Robert Carlyle, Scottish film and television actor ** Neil Dougherty, American basketball coach (d. 2011) ** Humberto Martins, Brazilian actor * April 17 ** Igor Lavrinenko, Belarusian politician (d. 2021) ** Frank J. Christensen, American labor leader ** Boomer Esiason, American football player and color commentator ** Greg Gianforte, U.S. Representative from Montana's at large district ** Daphna Kastner, Canadian actress * April 18 – Jane Leeves, English actress * April 20 ** Konstantin Lavronenko, Russian actor ** Don Mattingly, American baseball player * April 21 ** John Jairo Arias Tascón 'Pinina', Colombian criminal (d.

) ** Cathy Cavadini, American voice actress * April 22 – Alo Mattiisen, Estonian musician and composer (d. 1996) *

** Dirk Bach, German actor and comedian (d. 2012) ** George Lopez, American actor and comedian * April 26 ** Mike Francis, Italian singer and composer (d. 2009) ** Anthony Cumia, American radio personality *

– Moana Pozzi, Italian pornographic actress, television personality and politician (d.

) * April 28 – Futoshi Matsunaga, Japanese serial killer * April 29 – Fumihiko Tachiki, Japanese voice actor * April 30 – Isiah Thomas, African-American basketball player, coach and team owner

May

* May 1 – Marilyn Milian, American judge * May 2 – Steve James (snooker player), Steve James, English snooker player * May 3 ** Joe Murray (animator), Joe Murray, American animator ** David Vitter, U.S. Senator (R-LA) * May 4 ** Jay Aston, British singer (Bucks Fizz (band), Bucks Fizz) ** Mary Elizabeth McDonough, American actress, producer, director and author * May 5 – Hiroshi Hase, Japanese professional wrestler * May 6 ** George Clooney, American actor ** Wally Wingert, American actor and voice actor ** Frans Timmermans, Dutch politician and European Commissioner * May 7 – Robert Spano, American conductor and pianist *

** Akira Taue, Japanese professional wrestler * May 9 ** Rene Capo, American judoka (d. 2009) ** John Corbett, American actor and country music singer * May 10 – Danny Carey, American drummer (Tool (band), Tool, Pigmy Love Circus) * May 11 ** Paul Begala, American political commentator ** Lar Park Lincoln, American actress * May 12 – Billy Duffy, British guitarist (The Cult) * May 13 – Dennis Rodman, American basketball player and actor * May 14 ** Urban Priol, German Kabarett artist and comedian ** Tim Roth, English actor and director *

** Solveig Dommartin, French actress (d. 2007) ** Kevin McDonald, Canadian actor, voice actor and comedian ** Charles Wright (wrestler), Charles Wright, American professional wrestler * May 17 – Enya, Irish musician * May 18 – Jim Bowden (baseball), Jim Bowden, American baseball executive * May 20 – Clive Allen, British footballer * May 21 – Brent Briscoe, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2017) * May 22 ** Mike Breen, American sports announcer ** Ann Cusack, American actress * May 23 ** Mitar Subotić, Serbian musician and composer (d.

) ** Karen Duffy, American actress *

– Ilaria Alpi, Italian journalist (d.

) *

– Peri Gilpin, American actress * May 28 – Roland Gift, British singer and musician (Fine Young Cannibals) * May 29 – Melissa Etheridge, American musician *

** Ralph Carter, American actor ** Harry Enfield, English comedian, actor, writer and director * May 31 ** Ray Cote, Canadian ice hockey player ** Lea Thompson, American actress

June

* June 1 ** Paul Coffey, Canadian hockey player ** Dilipkumar Viraji Thakor, Indian politician * June 2 – Dez Cadena, American musician * June 3 ** Lawrence Lessig, American academic and political activist ** Ed Wynne (guitarist), Ed Wynne, English musician (Ozric Tentacles) * June 4 **El DeBarge, American urban singer; was member of American urban group DeBarge **Sam Harris (singer), Sam Harris, American actor and pop musician * June 5 ** Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress (d.

) ** Anthony Burger, American musician and singer (d. 2006) ** Rosie Kane, Member of Scottish Parliament * June 6 – Tom Araya, Chilean-born rock musician (Slayer) * June 8 – Katy Garbi, Greek singer * June 9 ** Michael J. Fox, Canadian-American actor, producer and author ** Aaron Sorkin, American screenwriter, producer and playwright * June 10 ** Kim Deal, Kim and Kelley Deal, American musicians ** Maxi Priest, born Max Elliott, British reggae singer * June 12 – Yuri Rozanov, Russian sports TV commentator (d. 2021) * June 14 – Boy George, born George O'Dowd, British singer-songwriter and music producer * June 15 ** Dave McAuley, Northern Irish boxer ** Greg Kouri, Lebanese-Canadian investor, real estate businessman, and co-founder of Zip2 * June 17 ** Muslimgauze, British ethnic electronica and experimental musician (d.

) ** Kōichi Yamadera, Japanese voice actor * June 18 ** Sakahoko Nobushige, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 2019) ** Andrés Galarraga, Venezuelan baseball player ** Alison Moyet, English singer-songwriter * June 19 – Bidhya Devi Bhandari, 2nd President of Nepal * June 20 – Karin Enke, Karin Kania, German speed skater * June 21 **Iztok Mlakar, Slovenian singer-songwriter and theatre actor **Joko Widodo, 7th President of Indonesia *

** Zoran Janjetov, Serbian comic artist ** David Leavitt, American novelist * June 24 ** Raja Yong Sofia, Malaysian aristocrat ** Lisa Bevill, American Christian musician ** Iain Glen, Scottish actor ** Curt Smith, British singer and keyboardist * June 25 ** Jamil Khir Baharom, Malaysian politician and former military officer ** Ricky Gervais, English comedian, actor, writer, director, and singer in Seona Dancing * June 26 – Greg LeMond, American cyclist * June 27 ** Tim Whitnall, English playwright, screenwriter and actor ** Meera Syal, British-Indian comedian and actress * June 28 ** Jeff Malone, American basketball player ** Eliezer Melamed, Israeli rabbi * June 29 ** Greg Hetson, American rock guitarist ** Sharon Lawrence, American actress, singer and dancer

July

Katherine Kelly Lang - Monte-Carlo Television Festival

National Memorial Day Concert 2017 (34117818524) (cropped)

** Diana, Princess of Wales, born The Hon. Diana Spencer, English princess consort as first wife of Charles III of the United Kingdom, Charles, Prince of Wales (d. 1997) ** Vito Bratta, American rock guitarist ** Ivan Kaye, English actor ** Jefferson King, British bodybuilder and wrestler ** Carl Lewis, American athlete ** Fredy Schmidtke, German track cyclist (d. 2017) ** Michelle Wright, Canadian country music artist * July 2 ** Tetchie Agbayani, Filipina actress ** Jimmy McNichol, American child actor ** Samy Naceri, French actor ** Ram Chiang, Hong Kong actor and singer-composer * July 3 ** Tatiana Aleshina, Russian composer, singer-songwriter, theater artist and poet ** Mosi Alli, Tanzanian sprinter ** Suzanne Dando, English Olympic gymnast ** Joe Moreira, Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner and mixed martial artist * July 4 ** Charles Hector, Malaysian human rights advocate and activist ** Andrew Zimmern, American television personality (Bizarre Foods) * July 5 – Patrizia Scianca, Italian voice actress * July 6 ** Richard Mofe-Damijo, Nigerian actor ** Rick Price, Australian singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer * July 7 ** Peter Michael Escovedo, American percussionist and musical director ** Eric Jerome Dickey, American writer *

** Toby Keith, American country music singer ** Andy Fletcher (musician), Andy Fletcher, English musician. (d. 2022) ** Olaf Johannessen (actor), Olaf Johannessen, Faroese stage and actor * July 9 – Raymond Cruz, American actor * July 10 ** Jacky Cheung, Hong Kong singer and actor ** Lee Heung-sil, South Korean footballer ** Liyel Imoke, Nigerian politician ** Killion Munyama, Zambian-Polish economist, academic lecturer and politician * July 11 ** João Donizeti Silvestre, Brazilian businessman, historian, biologist and politician ** Ron Luce, American writer ** Ophir Pines-Paz, Israeli politician ** Sylvester Tung Kiem San, Indonesian bishop * July 12 – Mark McGann, English actor, director, writer and musician * July 13 – Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer * July 14 – Jackie Earle Haley, American actor * July 15 ** Forest Whitaker, African-American actor and film director ** David Cicilline, American politician * July 16 ** Li Ruiying, Chinese media personality and politician ** Copycat (software)#External links, J. Alan Brogan, Irish programmer * July 17 ** António Costa, Portuguese politician, Prime Minister of Portugal, 119th Prime Minister (2015–present) ** Jeremy Hardy, English comedian (d. 2019) ** Guru (rapper), Guru, American rapper (Gang Starr) (d. 2010) ** Zbigniew Zamachowski, Polish actor * July 18 – Elizabeth McGovern, American actress and musician * July 19 ** Noriyuki Abe, Japanese anime director ** Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast ** Benoît Mariage, Belgian film director ** Lisa Lampanelli, American stand-up comedian, actress and insult comic ** Campbell Scott, American actor, director, producer and voice artist * July 21 ** Kenji Haga, Japanese entertainment talent, actor and businessperson ** Mokgweetsi Masisi, 5th President of Botswana * July 22 ** Masumi Hayashi (murderer), Masumi Hayashi, Japanese serial killer ** Porfirije, Serbian Patriarch, Porfirije, born Prvoslav Perić, Serbian Patriarch ** Irina Rozanova, Russian actress ** Keith Sweat, American singer * July 23 ** Martin Gore, British musician and songwriter ** Michael Durant, American military pilot ** Milind Gunaji, Indian actor, model, television show host ** Woody Harrelson, American actor and comedian ** David Kaufman (actor), David Kaufman, American actor and voice actor * July 24 ** :fr:Bruno Colmant, Bruno Colmant, Belgian economist and author ** Joseph Kony, Ugandan insurgent, leader of the Lord's Resistance Army * July 25 ** Katherine Kelly Lang, American actress ** Hugo Teufel III, American lawyer and government official, 2nd Chief Privacy Officer, Department of Homeland Security * July 26 ** Raquel Dodge, General Prosecutor of Brazil ** Gary Cherone, American rock singer-songwriter ** David Heyman, English film producer, founder of Heyday Films ** Keiko Matsui, Japanese pianist and composer ** Dimitris Saravakos, Greek footballer * July 27 ** Ed Orgeron, American football coach ** Erez Tal, Israeli television host * July 28 ** Mustafa El Haddaoui, Moroccan footballer ** Aleksandr Kurlovich, Soviet-Belarusian Olympic weightlifter (d. 2018) * July 30 – Laurence Fishburne, African-American actor and film director

August

* August 1 – Danny Blind, Dutch footballer * August 2 – Pete de Freitas, English musician and producer (d. 1989) * August 3 ** Art Porter Jr., American jazz saxophonist (d. 1996) ** Molly Hagan, American actress ** Nick Harvey, English politician * August 4 ** Pumpuang Duangjan, Thai megastar singer and actress (d. 1992) ** Robin Carnahan, Secretary of State of Missouri ** Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States ** Lauren Tom, American actress and voice artist * August 5 ** Mercedes Aráoz, 1st Vice President of Peru ** Janet McTeer, English actress ** Hishamuddin Hussein, Malaysian politician * August 7 ** Ileen Getz, American actress (d. 2005) ** Brian Conley, English actor, comedian, singer and presenter ** Yelena Davydova, Soviet gymnast ** Maggie Wheeler, American actress * August 8 ** The Edge, Irish rock guitarist (U2) ** Bruce Matthews (American football), Bruce Matthews, American football player ** Rikki Rockett, American rock drummer (Poison (American band), Poison) * August 9 **Brad Gilbert, American tennis player **John Key, 38th Prime Minister of New Zealand * August 10 – Beatrice Alda, American actress and filmmaker *

** Suniel Shetty, Indian actor, producer and entrepreneur ** Jukka Tapanimäki, Finnish game programmer (d. 2000) * August 12 – Lawrence (musician), Lawrence, English musician * August 13 ** Mahesh Anand, Indian actor (d. 2019) ** Dawnn Lewis, American voice actress ** Koji Kondo, Japanese video game composer (Nintendo) * August 14 – Susan Olsen, American actress * August 15 – Suhasini Maniratnam, Indian actress * August 16 ** Elpidia Carrillo, Mexican-American actress ** Urara Takano, Japanese voice actress * August 17 – Uwe Schmitt, German sprinter and hurdler (d. 1995) * August 18 ** Huw Edwards (journalist), Huw Edwards, BAFTA award-winning Welsh journalist and presenter ** Bob Woodruff, American television journalist and activist * August 19 – Tony Longo, American actor (d.

) * August 20 ** Plamen Nikolov (footballer born 1961), Plamen Nikolov, Bulgarian footballer ** Linda Manz, American actress (d. 2020) ** Manuel Merino, Peruvian politician, 68th President of Peru *

– Stephen Hillenburg, American marine biologist, cartoonist and animator (d. 2018) * August 22 – Roland Orzabal, British musician and songwriter * August 23 ** Bhupesh Baghel, Indian politician and current Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh ** Alexandre Desplat, French film composer * August 24 – Jared Harris, English actor * August 25 ** Billy Ray Cyrus, American actor and singer ** Benjamin Bwalya, Zambian footballer and coach (d.

) * August 27 – Tom Ford, American fashion designer and film director * August 28 ** Jennifer Coolidge, American actress and comedian ** Deepak Tijori, Indian actor and director * August 30 – Brian Mitchell (boxer), Brian Mitchell, South African boxer * August 31 – :ms:Saleem, Saleem, Malaysian singer (d. 2018)

September

Megadeth performing in San Antonio, Texas (27420120171)

James Gandolfini in Kuwait City 2010 (cropped)

* September 1 ** Bam Bam Bigelow, American professional wrestler (d. 2007) ** Boney James, American saxophonist, songwriter and record producer * September 2 ** Eugenio Derbez, Mexican actor, comedian and filmmaker ** Carlos Valderrama, Colombian footballer ** Ron Wasserman, American composer ** Anthony Wong Chau Sang, Anthony Wong Chau-sang, Hong Kong actor * September 3 ** Andy Griffiths (author), Andy Griffiths, Australian author ** Iwan Fals, Indonesian singer-songwriter ** Yermi Kaplan, Israeli musician * September 5 – Marc-André Hamelin, Canadian pianist and composer * September 6 ** Bruce W. Smith, American animator, director and producer ** Paul Waaktaar-Savoy, Norwegian rock musician and songwriter (A-ha) * September 7 – Kevin Kennedy (actor), Kevin Kennedy, British actor * September 11 ** E.G. Daily, American actress, voice actress and singer ** Virginia Madsen, American actress * September 12 – Mylène Farmer, Canadian singer and songwriter * September 13 – Dave Mustaine, American metal singer, guitarist * September 14 – Martina Gedeck, German actress * September 15 ** Terry Lamb, Australian rugby league player and coach ** Dan Marino, American football player ** Colin McFarlane, British actor and voice actor ** Lidia Yusupova, Chechen human-rights lawyer * September 16 – Jen Tolley, American-Canadian actress and singer *

– Jim Cornette, American author and podcaster * September 18 – James Gandolfini, American actor and producer (d. 2013) * September 20 – Lisa Bloom, American lawyer * September 22 ** Bonnie Hunt, American actress, comedian, writer, director and television producer ** Catherine Oxenberg, American actress * September 23 ** Chi McBride, American actor ** William C. McCool, U.S. Navy Commander and astronaut (d. 2003) * September 24 ** Fiona Corke, Australian actress ** Michael Tavera, American composer * September 25 ** Heather Locklear, American actress ** Steve Scott (journalist), Steve Scott, British journalist and presenter * September 26 – Wes Hopkins, American football player (d. 2018) * September 27 ** Andy Lau, Hong Kong actor and singer ** Melissa Newman, American artist and singer *

** Yordanka Donkova, Bulgarian athlete ** Wayne Westner, South African golfer (d. 2017) * September 29 – Julia Gillard, 27th Prime Minister of Australia * September 30 ** Crystal Bernard, American actress and singer ** Gary Coyne, Australian rugby league player ** Eric Stoltz, American actor and director ** Sally Yeh, Hong Kong singer and actress

October

* October 1 ** Gary Ablett, Sr., Gary Ablett, Australian rules footballer ** Rico Constantino, American professional wrestler ** Michael Righeira, Italian singer-songwriter, musician and actor * October 3 – Ludger Stühlmeyer, German cantor, composer and musicologist * October 4 ** Kazuki Takahashi, Japanese manga artist (d. 2022) ** Philippe Russo, French singer ** Jon Secada, Cuban-American singer-songwriter * October 5 – Matthew Kauffman, American journalist, George Polk Award winner * October 6 – Mark Shasha, American artist, author and illustrator * October 10 – Jodi Benson, American actress and singer * October 11 ** Amr Diab, Egyptian singer ** Steve Young, American football player * October 12 – Diego García (runner), Diego García, Spanish long-distance athlete (d. 2001) * October 13 ** Rachel De Thame, English gardener and television presenter ** Doc Rivers, American basketball player and coach * October 14 – Jim Burns, British science-fiction illustrator * October 15 – Meera Sanyal, Indian banker (d. 2019) * October 16 ** Chris Doleman, American football player (d. 2020) ** Scott O'Hara, American pornographic performer, author, poet, editor and publisher (d. 1998) ** Paul Vaessen, English footballer (d. 2001) ** Randy Vasquez, American actor ** Kim Wayans, American actress, comedian, producer, writer and director * October 18 ** Wynton Marsalis, African-American trumpeter and composer ** Rick Moody, American writer ** Gladstone Small, Barbadian-English cricketer * October 19 – Cliff Lyons, Australian rugby league player * October 20 ** Les Stroud, Canadian survival expert, filmmaker and musician ** Michie Tomizawa, Japanese voice actress * October 22 ** Todd Oldham, American designer ** Robert Torti, American actor and singer * October 24 – Dave Meltzer, American wrestling journalist * October 25 ** Ward Burton, American NASCAR driver ** Pat Sharp, British radio DJ and host ** Chad Smith, American musician * October 26 – Dylan McDermott, American actor * October 29 – Randy Jackson (Jacksons singer), Randy Jackson, African-American pop singer (The Jackson 5) * October 30 – Dmitry Muratov, Russian campaigning journalist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize * October 31 ** Alonzo Babers, American runner ** Peter Jackson, New Zealand film director ** Larry Mullen, Jr., Irish rock drummer (U2)

November

* November 1 ** Anne Donovan, American basketball player and coach (d. 2018) ** Heng Swee Keat, Singaporean politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore * November 2 ** Lisa de Cazotte, American soap opera producer (d. 2019) ** k.d. lang, Canadian singer and songwriter * November 3 – David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon * November 4 ** Daron Hagen, American composer ** Dominic Heale, British journalist and newsreader ** Ralph Macchio, American actor ** Jeff Probst, American television personality ** Jerry Sadowitz, American-born British stand-up comic and card magician ** Nigel Worthington, Northern Irish footballer and football manager * November 5 – Alan G. Poindexter, American astronaut (d. 2012) *

** Jill Dando, British journalist and television presenter (d.

) ** Jackie Kay, Scottish poet and novelist * November 12 – Nadia Comăneci, Romanian gymnast * November 14 ** Ben Coleman (basketball), Ben Coleman, American basketball player (d. 2019) ** Jurga Ivanauskaitė, Lithuanian writer (d. 2007) ** D. B. Sweeney, American actor * November 16 ** Andrea Prodan, Scottish-Italian film actor, composer and musician ** Corinne Hermès, French singer, Eurovision Song Contest 1983 winner * November 18 ** Michael Hawley, American academic and artist (d. 2020) ** Steven Moffat, Scottish screenwriter ** Anthony Warlow, Australian singer * November 19 – Meg Ryan, American actress and film director * November 20 – Dave Watson, English footballer *

– Maria Kawamura, Japanese voice actress * November 22 ** Mariel Hemingway, American actress ** Stephen Hough, British-Australian pianist ** Randal L. Schwartz, American computer programmer * November 24 – Arundhati Roy, Indian writer and activist * November 25 – Matthias Freihof, German television actor and director November 27 Lieselotte Lauer, (child family name: Schröder) German company C. Lorenz AG, SEL (Standard Elektrik Lorenz) Reported missing since July 1992 * November 28 – Alfonso Cuarón, Mexican film director, screenwriter and producer * November 29 ** Kim Delaney, American actress ** Tom Sizemore, American actor

December

Matthew Waterhouse - Gallifrey 2011 (cropped etc)

Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev - President of the Republic of Azerbaijan

* December 1 – Salahuddin Ayub, Malaysian politician * December 3 – Marcelo Fromer, Brazilian guitarist * December 4 ** Rocky Dennis, American teenager who had craniodiaphyseal dysplasia (d. 1978) ** Frank Reich, American football player * December 5 ** Alan Davies (footballer), Alan Davies, English-Welsh international footballer (d. 1992) ** Laura Flanders, British born American journalist * December 6 - Colin Salmon, British actor *December 8 – Ann Coulter, American author, conservative commentator and attorney * December 9 ** Beril Dedeoğlu, Turkish politician and academic (d. 2019) ** David Anthony Higgins, American actor * December 10 ** Pasang Lhamu Sherpa, Nepalese Buddhist (d. 1993) ** Nia Peeples, American actress * December 12 ** Daniel O'Donnell, Irish singer ** Sarah Sutton, British actress * December 13 **Karen Witter, American actress and model **Per Øystein Sørensen, Norwegian lead singer Fra Lippo Lippi * December 15 – Karin Resetarits, Austrian journalist and politician * December 16 ** Bill Hicks, American comedian (d.

) ** Jon Tenney, American actor ** Sam Robards, American actor ** Shane Black, American film director * December 19 ** Eric Allin Cornell, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ** Matthew Waterhouse, British actor ** Reggie White, American football player (d. 2004) * December 20 – Mohammad Fouad, Arab singer and actor * December 21 – Francis Ng, Hong Kong actor * December 22 – Kassim Majaliwa, 10th Prime Minister of Tanzania * December 23 – Ezzat el Kamhawi, Egyptian novelist * December 24 ** Ilham Aliyev, 7th Prime Minister of Azerbaijan and 4th President of Azerbaijan ** Wade Williams, American actor * December 25 ** Íngrid Betancourt, Colombian senator ** Ghislaine Maxwell, British socialite ** David Thompson (Barbadian politician), David Thompson, 6th Prime Minister of Barbados (d. 2010) * December 26 – John Lynch (actor), John Lynch, Northern Irish actor * December 27 – Guido Westerwelle, German politician (d. 2016) * December 29 – Jim Reid, Scottish musician * December 30 ** Douglas Coupland, Canadian author ** Bill English, 39th Prime Minister of New Zealand ** Sean Hannity, American radio/television host and conservative commentator ** Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter), Ben Johnson, Canadian athlete

Deaths

January

– Auvergne Doherty, Australian businesswoman (b. 1896) * January 4 – Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887) *

– František Flos, Czech novelist (b. 1864) *

– Emily Greene Balch, American writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1867) * January 10 – Dashiell Hammett, American writer (b. 1894) * January 13 ** Nino Marchesini, Italian actor (b. 1895) ** Blanche Ring, American singer and actress (b. 1871) * January 14 – Barry Fitzgerald, Irish actor (b. 1888) * January 17 – Patrice Lumumba, 1st Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (b. 1925) * January 18 – Thomas Anthony Dooley III, physician (b. 1927) * January 21 ** Blaise Cendrars, Swiss writer (b. 1887) ** John J. Becker, American composer and pianist (b. 1886) * January 24 – Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American swimmer and inventor (b. 1884) * January 26 – Stan Nichols, English cricketer (b. 1900) * January 29 – Jesse Wallace, American naval officer, 29th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1899) *

– Dorothy Thompson, American journalist (b. 1893)

February

* February 2 – Anna May Wong, Chinese-American actress (b. 1905) * February 3 – William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil, Viscount Dunrossil, Australian Governor-General (b. 1893) *

** Hazel Heald, American writer (b. 1896) ** Philip Game, Sir Philip Game, British army officer, colonial governor and police officer (b. 1876) * February 6 – Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland, British politician (b. 1876) * February 7 – William Duncan (actor), William Duncan, American actor (b. 1879) * February 9 – Carlos Luz, Brazilian politician, 19th President of Brazil (b. 1894) * February 12 – Richmond K. Turner, American admiral (b. 1885) *

– Arthur Ripley, American film director (b. 1897) *

– Laurence Owen, American figure skater (b. 1944) * February 16 – Dazzy Vance, American baseball player (Brooklyn Dodgers) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1891) * February 17 ** Horatio Pettus Mackintosh Berney-Ficklin, Horatio Berney-Filkin, British army general (b. 1892) ** Nita Naldi, American actress (b. 1894) * February 20 – Percy Grainger, Australian composer (b. 1882) * February 22 ** George de Cuevas, Chilean-American ballet impresario and choreographer (b. 1885) ** Nick LaRocca, American jazz musician (b. 1889) *

** Uberto De Morpurgo, Italian tennis player (b. 1896) ** King Mohammed V of Morocco (b. 1909) * February 28 – Aaron S. Merrill, Aaron S. "Tip" Merrill, American admiral (b. 1890)

March

Victor d%27Arcy and Harold Abrahams 1920

* March 3 ** Azizul Haq, Bengali Islamic scholar (b. 1903) ** Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist (b. 1887) * March 6 ** George Formby, British singer, comedian and actor (b. 1904) ** Oswald Rayner, British Secret Intelligence Service, MI6 agent (b. 1888) * March 8 ** Sir Thomas Beecham, English conductor (b. 1879) ** Gala Galaction, Romanian writer (b. 1879) * March 12 ** Victor d'Arcy, British Olympic athlete (b. 1887) ** Belinda Lee, English actress (b. 1935) * March 17 – Susanna M. Salter, first woman mayor in the United States (b. 1860) * March 22 – Nikolai Massalitinov, Soviet-born Bulgarian actor (b. 1880) * March 23 – Valentin Bondarenko, Russian cosmonaut (b. 1937) * March 25 – Arthur Drewry, English administrator, 5th President of FIFA (b. 1891) * March 26 – Carlos Duarte Costa, Brazilian Roman Catholic archbishop and saint, founder of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (b. 1888)

April

* April 2 – Wallingford Riegger, American music composer (b. 1885) * April 3 – Eliseo Mouriño, Argentine footballer (b. 1927) * April 6 – Jules Bordet, Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1870) * April 7 ** Vanessa Bell, English artist and interior designer (b. 1879) ** Jesús Guridi, Spanish Basque composer (b. 1886) ** Marian Driscoll Jordan, American actress and radio personality (b. 1898) * April 9 – Ahmet Zog/Zog I of Albania, Zog I, Skanderberg III, Albanian political leader, 11th Prime Minister of Albania, 7th President of Albania and King of Albania (b. 1895) * April 10 – John Hope Simpson, Sir John Hope Simpson, British politician (b. 1868) * April 11 – Padma Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, 16th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1882) * April 12 ** Mbarek Bekkay, 1st Prime Minister of Morocco (b. 1907) ** Aziz Ezzat Pasha, Egyptian politician (b. 1869) * April 19 – Manuel Quiroga (violinist), Manuel Quiroga, Spanish violinist (b. 1892) * April 21 – James Melton, American tenor (b. 1904) * April 24 – Lee Moran, American actor (b. 1888) * April 25 ** Robert Garrett, American Olympic athlete (b. 1875) ** George Melford, American actor (b. 1877) *

** Roy Del Ruth, American film director (b. 1893) ** Minoru Sasaki, Japanese general (b. 1893) * April 30 ** Dickie Dale, English motorcycle road racer (b. 1927) ** Jessie Redmon Fauset, American editor, writer and educator (b. 1882)

May

* May 3 ** Lajos Dinnyés, 41st Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1901) ** Maurice Merleau-Ponty, French phenomenological philosopher (b. 1908) * May 6 – Lucian Blaga, Romanian poet and philosopher (b. 1895) * May 13 – Gary Cooper, American actor (''High Noon'') (b. 1901) * May 14 – Albert Sévigny, Canadian politician (b. 1881) *

– George A. Malcolm, American jurist and educator (b. 1881) * May 22 – Joan Davis, American actress (b. 1912) *

– Rafael Trujillo, Dominican politician and soldier, 2-time President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1891)

June

* June – Constantin Constantinescu-Claps, Romanian general (b. 1884) * June 6 – Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (b. 1875) * June 9 – Camille Guérin, French bacteriologist and immunologist (b. 1872) * June 14 – Eddie Polo, Austrian-American actor (b. 1875) * June 16 – Marcel Junod, Swiss physician (b. 1904) * June 17 ** Jeff Chandler, American actor (b. 1918) ** Thomas Darden, American Rear admiral (United States), Rear admiral, 37th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1900) * June 18 – Eddie Gaedel, American with dwarfism (b. 1925) * June 19 – Richard Ernest William Turner, Sir Richard Turner, Canadian general, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1871) *

– Nikolai Malko, Soviet conductor (b. 1883) * June 24 ** William J. Connors, American politician (b. 1891) ** George Washington Vanderbilt III, American philanthropist (b. 1914) * June 25 – John Alexander Douglas McCurdy, Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia and pilot (b. 1886) * June 27 ** Paul Guilfoyle (actor, born 1902), Paul Guilfoyle, American actor (b. 1902) ** Mukhtar Auezov, Kazakh writer (b. 1897) * June 30 – Lee de Forest, American inventor (b. 1873)

July

** Nasuhi al-Bukhari, Syrian soldier and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Syria (b. 1881) ** Louis-Ferdinand Céline, French writer (b. 1894) * July 2 – Ernest Hemingway, American writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (suicide) (b. 1899) * July 4 – Franklyn Farnum, American actor (b. 1878) * July 6 ** Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1878) ** Woodall Rodgers, American politician, 43rd Mayor of Dallas (b. 1890) * July 9 – Whittaker Chambers, American spy and witness in Alger Hiss, Hiss case * July 15 – Nina Bari, Russian mathematician (b. 1901) * July 17 – Ty Cobb, American baseball player and a member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Baseball Hall of Fame (b. 1886) * July 23 ** Esther Dale, American actress (b. 1885) ** Valentine Davies, American screenwriter (b. 1905) ** Shigeko Higashikuni, Princess Teru of Japan (b. 1925) * July 28 – Harry Gribbon, American actor of silent films (b. 1885) * July 30 – Sediqeh Dowlatabadi, Persian feminist, women's rights activist and journalist (b. 1882)

August

* August 1 – Domingo Pérez Cáceres, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1892) * August 4 ** Zoltán Tildy, 39th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1889) ** Maurice Tourneur, French film director (b. 1873) * August 5 – Sidney Holland, New Zealand politician, 25th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1893) * August 8 – Mei Lanfang, Beijing opera star (b. 1894) * August 9 – Walter Bedell Smith, American general and diplomat (b. 1895) *

– William Jackson (gangster), William Jackson, American gangster (b. 1920) * August 14 ** Henri Breuil, French priest, archaeologist, anthropologist and ethnologist (b. 1877) ** Clark Ashton Smith, American writer and sculptor (b. 1893) * August 20 – Percy Williams Bridgman, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882) * August 23 – Beals Wright, American tennis player (b. 1879) * August 26 ** Howard P. Robertson, American physicist (b. 1903) ** Gail Russell, American actress (b. 1924) * August 30 ** Charles Coburn, American actor (b. 1877) ** Cristóbal de Losada y Puga, Peruvian mathematician and mining engineer (b. 1894)

September

* September 1 – Eero Saarinen, Finnish architect (b. 1910) * September 3 ** Richard Mason (explorer), Richard Mason, British explorer (b. 1934) * September 4 – Charles D.B. King, President of Liberia from 1920 to 1930 (b. 1875) * September 7 – Pieter Gerbrandy, Prime Minister of the Netherlands 1940 to 1945 (b. 1885) * September 16 ** Percy Chapman, English cricketer (b. 1900) ** Hasan Fehmi (Ataç), Hasan Fehmi, Turkish politician (b. 1879) *

** Miguel Gómez Bao, Spanish-born Argentine actor (b. 1894) **

, Turkish statesman, 9th Prime Minister of Turkey (executed) (b. 1899) * September 18 ** Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish diplomat, politician and author, 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1905) * September 21 – Georgia Ann Robinson, community worker and first African Americans, African American woman to be appointed a Los Angeles police officer (b. 1879) * September 22 – Marion Davies, American actress (b. 1897) * September 23 – Elmer Diktonius, Finnish poet and composer (b. 1896) * September 24 – Sumner Welles, American diplomat (b. 1892) * September 25 – Frank Fay (American actor), Frank Fay, American vaudeville comedian and film and stage actor (b. 1891) * September 26 ** Robert L. Eichelberger, American general (b. 1886) ** Juanita Hansen, American actress (b. 1895) * September 27 – H.D. (Hilda Doolittle), American poet and novelist (b. 1886)

October

* October 1 – Donald Cook (actor), Donald Cook, American actor (b. 1901) * October 2 – Essington Lewis, Australian industrialist (b. 1881) * October 4 – Max Weber (artist), Max Weber, Polish-American artist (b. 1881) * October 6 – J. Reuben Clark, American politician and Mormon leader (b. 1871) * October 11 ** Lucy Tayiah Eads, Kaw tribal chief (b. 1888) ** Chico Marx, American comedian (b. 1887) * October 13 ** Louis Rwagasore, 2nd Prime Minister of Burundi (assassinated) (b. 1932) ** Maya Deren, Russian-born American filmmaker (b. 1917) ** Zoltán Korda, Hungarian screenwriter and director (b. 1895) ** Dun Karm Psaila, Maltese writer (b. 1871) * October 14 ** Paul Ramadier, French politician, 63rd Prime Minister of France (b. 1888) ** Harriet Shaw Weaver, English political activist (b. 1876) * October 19 ** Şemsettin Günaltay, Turkish historian and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1883) ** Sergio Osmeña, Filipino politician, 4th President of the Philippines (b. 1878) * October 21 – Karl Korsch, German Marxist theoretician (b. 1886) * October 22 ** Joseph M. Schenck, Russian-born film studio executive (b. 1878) ** Aloys Van de Vyvere, 25th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1871) * October 26 – Milan Stojadinović, 12th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (b. 1888) * October 30 – Luigi Einaudi, Italian economist and politician, 2nd President of Italy (b. 1874) * October 31 – Augustus John, Welsh painter (b. 1878)

November

* November 1 – Mordecai Ham, American evangelist (b. 1877) * November 2 ** James Thurber, American humorist (b. 1894) ** Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa I, 12th Hakim of Bahrain (b. 1894) * November 3 – Thomas Flynn (bishop of Lancaster), Thomas Flynn, British Roman Catholic prelate and reverend (b. 1880) *

– Ferdinand Bie, Norwegian Olympic athlete (b. 1888) * November 15 ** Elsie Ferguson, American actress (b. 1883) ** Johanna Westerdijk, Dutch plant pathologist (b. 1883) * November 16 – Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1882) * November 22 – Anselmo Alliegro y Milá, Cuban politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Cuba, leader of World War II (b. 1899) * November 24 – Ruth Chatterton, American actress, novelist and aviator (b. 1892) * November 25 – Adelina de Lara, British composer (b. 1872) * November 30 – Anna Gould, American heiress and socialite, daughter of financier Jay Gould (b. 1875)

December

Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Ludwig-006-19, Kurt Meyer

* December 2 – Dulcie Mary Pillers, English medical illustrator (b. 1891) * December 3 – Pat O'Hara Wood, Australian tennis player (b. 1891) * December 6 – Frantz Fanon, Caribbean philosopher (b. 1925) * December 7 – Herbert Pitman, British sailor, third officer of the (b. 1877) * December 10 – Elwyn Welch, New Zealand farmer, ornithologist, conservationist and Open Brethren missionary (b. 1925) * December 13 – Anna Mary Robertson Moses aka Grandma Moses, American naïve painter (b. 1860) * December 15 – Gioacchino Failla, Italian-born American physicist (b. 1891) * December 20 ** Moss Hart, American dramatist (b. 1904) ** Earle Page, Sir Earle Page, Australian politician, 11th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1880) * December 23 ** Kurt Meyer, German ''Generalmajor der Waffen-SS'' and war criminal (b. 1910) ** Fanny Schoonheyt, Dutch Communist Lieutenant in the Spanish Civil War. (b. 1912) * December 25 – Otto Loewi, German-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1873) * December 27 – Bernard McConville, American screenwriter (b. 1887) * December 28 – Edith Wilson, First Lady of the United States from 1915 to 1921 (b. 1872) * December 29 ** Anton Flettner, German aviation engineer and inventor (b. 1885) ** Sibyl Morrison, first female barrister in New South Wales, Australia (b. 1895)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Mössbauer * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Melvin Calvin * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Georg von Békésy * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Ivo Andrić * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Dag Hammarskjöld (posthumously)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1961 1961,

Events

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Births

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Deaths

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Nobel Prizes

See also

References