The 1960 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1960, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator, and west of the
International Date Line
The International Date Line (IDL) is an internationally accepted demarcation on the surface of Earth, running between the South and North Poles and serving as the boundary between one calendar day and the next. It passes through the Pacific O ...
. Storms that form east of the dateline and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see
1960 Pacific hurricane season
The 1960 Pacific hurricane season was an event in the annual seasons of Tropical Cyclone development. It officially started on May 15, 1960, in the eastern Pacific and lasted until November 30, 1960. The 1960 season was the first season that East ...
. Tropical storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center
The Joint typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
. Tropical depressions in this basin had the "W" suffix added to their number.
Systems
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from:06/03/1960 till:08/03/1960 color:TD text:"Jean"
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from:21/06/1960 till:01/07/1960 color:C4 text:"Olive"
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from:17/07/1960 till:28/07/1960 color:C4 text:"Polly"
from:24/07/1960 till:29/07/1960 color:TS text:"Rose"
from:27/07/1960 till:06/08/1960 color:C4 text:"Shirley"
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from:06/08/1960 till:09/08/1960 color:TS text:"Ten"
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from:10/08/1960 till:13/08/1960 color:C1 text:"Wendy"
from:10/08/1960 till:18/08/1960 color:TS text:"Agnes"
from:13/08/1960 till:16/08/1960 color:TD text:"TD"
from:15/08/1960 till:26/08/1960 color:C1 text:"Bess"
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from:17/08/1960 till:30/08/1960 color:C2 text:"Della"
from:18/08/1960 till:25/08/1960 color:C1 text:"Elaine"
from:23/08/1960 till:31/08/1960 color:C4 text:"Faye"
from:30/08/1960 till:04/09/1960 color:TS text:"Gloria"
from:31/08/1960 till:01/09/1960 color:TS text:"Nineteen"
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from:04/09/1960 till:11/09/1960 color:TS text:"Hester"
from:11/09/1960 till:19/09/1960 color:TS text:"Irma"
from:15/09/1960 till:16/09/1960 color:TS text:"TD"
from:22/09/1960 till:27/09/1960 color:TD text:"TD"
from:23/09/1960 till:01/10/1960 color:C1 text:"Judy"
from:28/09/1960 till:05/10/1960 color:TS text:"Unnamed"
from:03/10/1960 till:13/10/1960 color:C2 text:"Kit"
from:08/10/1960 till:17/10/1960 color:C1 text:"Lola"
from:11/10/1960 till:20/10/1960 color:C4 text:"Mamie"
from:20/10/1960 till:28/10/1960 color:C3 text:"Nina"
from:08/11/1960 till:10/11/1960 color:TD text:"TD"
from:25/11/1960 till:06/12/1960 color:C4 text:"Ophelia"
from:11/12/1960 till:20/12/1960 color:C3 text:"Phyllis"
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from:01/01/1960 till:01/02/1960 text:January
from:01/02/1960 till:01/03/1960 text:February
from:01/03/1960 till:01/04/1960 text:March
from:01/04/1960 till:01/05/1960 text:April
from:01/05/1960 till:01/06/1960 text:May
from:01/06/1960 till:01/07/1960 text:June
from:01/07/1960 till:01/08/1960 text:July
from:01/08/1960 till:01/09/1960 text:August
from:01/09/1960 till:01/10/1960 text:September
from:01/10/1960 till:01/11/1960 text:October
from:01/11/1960 till:01/12/1960 text:November
from:01/12/1960 till:01/01/1961 text:December
Tropical Depression Ivy
Tropical Depression Jean
Tropical Storm Karen
An area of disturbed weather in the Philippine Sea moved westward and organized into a tropical depression on April 22. It moved northwestward through the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
, strengthening quickly to a typhoon on the 24th due to its small size. Karen turned to the northeast, and despite favorable conditions, rapidly weakened until dissipation on the 26th. Karen left 56 dead in the Philippines, left 7,000 homeless, and caused $2 million (1960 USD) in crop and property damage.
Typhoon Lucille
Lucille was identified as a weak tropical depression on May 25 to the east of the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
. Tracking northwestward, the system failed to develop and warnings on it were discontinued on May 27. At the same time, a second system began organizing along the west coast of
Luzon
Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...
. The two systems ultimately merged into one over the Philippines between May 28 and 29. Now tracking northeastward, the system re-intensified and became a tropical storm on May 30. Lucille attained its peak intensity later that day with winds of . As it accelerated over open waters, the system brushed the islands of
Iwo Jima
Iwo Jima (, also ), known in Japan as , is one of the Japanese Volcano Islands and lies south of the Bonin Islands. Together with other islands, they form the Ogasawara Archipelago. The highest point of Iwo Jima is Mount Suribachi at high.
...
and
Chichi-jima
, formerly known as Peel Island, is the largest island in the Ogasawara Islands, Ogasawara archipelago. Chichijima is about north of Iwo Jima. The island is within the political boundaries of Ogasawara, Tokyo, Ogasawara Village, Ogasawara Subpref ...
before transitioning into an
extratropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are low-pressure areas which, along with the anticyclones of high-pressure areas, drive the weather over much of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of ...
on June 1.
The remnants of Lucille were last noted on June 4 near the
International Date Line
The International Date Line (IDL) is an internationally accepted demarcation on the surface of Earth, running between the South and North Poles and serving as the boundary between one calendar day and the next. It passes through the Pacific O ...
.
Between May 27 and 29, heavy rains fell across much of Luzon as Lucille developed. These rains, amounting to in the suburbs of
Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
, triggered destructive floods that left some areas under of water.
The worst of the floods took place during the overnight hours of May 28 to 29. During that time, hundreds of homes were swept away and an estimated 300–500 people, including at least 80 children, were killed.
Monetary losses from the floods exceeded $2 million.
Typhoon Mary
A trough of low pressure spawned a tropical depression in the
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by the shores of South China (hence the name), in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan and northwestern Phil ...
on June 3 and moved slowly westward. Favorable conditions allowed it to quickly strengthen into Tropical Storm Mary, and after turning northward it attained typhoon status on the 7th. Mary continued to intensify to a typhoon just before making landfall west of Hong Kong on the 8th. After weakening while moving northeastward over China, the storm restrengthened over the Western Pacific to a typhoon on the 10th. It passed near
Okinawa
is a prefecture of Japan. Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan, has a population of 1,457,162 (as of 2 February 2020) and a geographic area of 2,281 km2 (880 sq mi).
Naha is the capital and largest city ...
, weakened, and accelerated to the east until it became extratropical on the 13th.
Also known as Bloody Mary, the typhoon was the worst to hit Hong Kong in 23 years (since the worst typhoon on the record of Hong Kong hit on 2 September 1937). Its of rain, mudslides, and strong winds caused extreme damage across Hong Kong and southern China, leaving over 100 dead and over 18,000 homeless. The only positive aspect of the storm was its rainfall, which helped end a severe drought in the colony. An additional 1,600 people were killed following more landslides triggered by the remnants of the storm.
In addition to its impact in Hong Kong, Mary brought heavy rains and flooding in
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
, especially in the capital city of
Taipei
Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about southwest of the n ...
. Moderate crop damage was seen to the rice crop. Four fishermen drowned off the island's southern coast, but there were no fatalities on the island. Despite its effects, the name Mary was not retired.
Typhoon Nadine
Typhoon Olive
On June 23, a tropical depression developed to the east of the Philippines. It entered nearly ideal conditions as it moved to the west-northwest, and, just 42 hours after forming, reached peak intensity of . Due to lack of inflow from the archipelago to its west, Olive weakened to a typhoon at the time of its eastern Philippine landfall. It rapidly weakened while crossing to a tropical storm, but restrengthened into a typhoon in the
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by the shores of South China (hence the name), in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan and northwestern Phil ...
. It turned to the west, and struck southern China on June 29 as a typhoon. Olive rapidly weakened over land and the northern
Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of . It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern ...
and dissipated on July 1.
A storm surge of 6–8 feet flooded much of Manila, causing extensive property and transportation damage. Rains, amounting up to 203.2 mm (8 in) triggered flooding and numerous landslides. About 80 percent of the crops in southeast Luzon were destroyed by the flooding, and 404 people were killed. At least 32,000 buildings were destroyed by the storm, resulting in $30 million in damages. In addition, nearly 60,000 people were left homeless in the period after the storm's passage. During rescue attempts, many coastal defense force ships were either sunk or ran aground due to 7.3 m (24 ft) swell produced by Olive.
China and Hong Kong received heavy rainfall from Olive, causing moderate crop damage, though there were no reported casualties there.
Typhoon Polly
Polly hit near
Beijing
}
Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
.
Tropical Storm Rose
Typhoon Shirley
On July 29, a tropical depression formed to the east of northern Luzon. Moving to the northwest, it encountered favorable conditions for development, and rapidly intensified to a super typhoon just 48 hours after forming, with an eyewall only wide. Shirley continued to the northwest, and struck northeastern Taiwan as a slightly weaker typhoon on the July 31. The mountainous terrain ripped apart the typhoon's circulation, and after crossing the
Taiwan Strait
The Taiwan Strait is a -wide strait separating the island of Taiwan and continental Asia. The strait is part of the South China Sea and connects to the East China Sea to the north. The narrowest part is wide.
The Taiwan Strait is itself a s ...
, it made landfall on southeastern China as a tropical storm. Shirley turned northward while moving inland, and dissipated on August 2. An unusual feature of the storm was the development of a secondary center while approaching Taiwan.
Shirley's winds and torrential rains devastated Taiwan, overflowing many rivers and trapping thousands. Nearly a foot of rain was reported on the island, causing extensive road and property damage. Little crop damage occurred due to Typhoon Mary destroying much of it months before. In all, Typhoon Shirley caused 104 fatalities, destroyed or damaged 9,890 houses, and left 50,194 people homeless.
Typhoon Trix
Just one week after Shirley hit Taiwan, Typhoon Trix, which weakened from a peak of , hit the northeastern part of the island with winds of . Trix left four more dead and brought more severe flooding to the typhoon-ravaged country.
JMA Tropical Storm Ten
Typhoon Virginia
Typhoon Virginia struck Shikoku and Honshū island in Japan with winds of . 4 inches of rain fell over most of southern Japan. 2 people were killed and one was injured.
Typhoon Wendy
Tropical Storm Agnes
Typhoon Bess
Typhoon Carmen
A sharp trough of low pressure organized into a tropical depression on August 16. It moved northward, quickly strengthening to an typhoon. Carmen lost intensity as it continued to the north, and made landfall on South Korea as a tropical storm on the 23rd. The storm brought waves to the Korean peninsula, flooding coastal cities and sinking ships offshore. In all, Carmen caused 24 casualties and $2 million in damage (1960 USD).
Carmen is known for having the largest
eye of any tropical cyclone in recorded history, tied with
Typhoon Winnie
Typhoon Winnie, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Ibiang, was the worst tropical cyclone to impact the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, and Shandong in 200 years. Originating from an area of low pressure over the Pacific Oce ...
in 1997. Radar data from
Okinawa
is a prefecture of Japan. Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan, has a population of 1,457,162 (as of 2 February 2020) and a geographic area of 2,281 km2 (880 sq mi).
Naha is the capital and largest city ...
, Japan indicated that it was more than 200 miles (320 km) across.
Typhoon Della
The monsoon trough spawned a tropical storm in the open Western Pacific on August 20. Della moved to the northwest, strengthening to a typhoon on the 22nd before looping to the north-northwest. After peaking at , Della weakened and hit southern Japan as a minimal typhoon. It accelerated to the northeast and became extratropical on the 31st. A landslide on Nishinomiya killed 38 road workers, while another 17 people were killed throughout the country from heavy flooding. Damages from the storm were estimated at $19 million.
Typhoon Elaine
Typhoon Faye
Tropical Depression Gloria
JMA Tropical Storm Nineteen
Tropical Storm Hester
Tropical Depression Irma
Typhoon Judy
Typhoon Kit
A large circulation over the Western Pacific organized into a tropical depression on October 2. It moved westward, steadily strengthening to a peak of . Kit made landfall on the eastern Philippines at that intensity on the 6th and quickly crossed the archipelago. It turned to the northwest over the South China Sea and struck eastern
Hainan Island
Hainan (, ; ) is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea. , the largest and most populous island in China,The island of Taiwan, which is slightly l ...
on the 11th. Kit turned to the southwest, and after weakening hit northeastern
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
as a minimal tropical storm on the 13th. Kit dissipated shortly thereafter.
Many small and large boats sank from Kit's 1000+ mile wide circulation, with 149 fishermen missing. In the Philippines, Kit's extensive rainfall caused severe damage to property and transportation damage. Especially damaged was the rice crop, which was affected during the rice harvesting season. In all, Kit caused 149 casualties (with 149 missing) and $3 million in damage. Extensive crop damage occurred as well in China.
Typhoon Lola
Typhoon Lola hit the Philippines just days after Kit made landfall, resulting in an additional $15 million in damage, much of it to the rice crop. 58 people were killed from the flooding, and heavy damage occurred to highways and communication systems.
Typhoon Mamie
Typhoon Mamie struck Iwo Jima with winds of then passed to the southeast of Tokyo. No damage was reported.
Typhoon Nina
Typhoon Ophelia
The most unusual tropical cyclone of the year began its life on November 21 in the open Western Pacific. The depression drifted, first to the west, then to the southeast, then back to the west, varying between a tropical depression and an open trough of low pressure. After a northward turn, it strengthened into a tropical storm on the 27th and turned back to the southwest. Ophelia turned to a west drift, and under favorable conditions, intensified into a typhoon on the 29th. It continued to strengthen as it crossed over the
Caroline Islands
The Caroline Islands (or the Carolines) are a widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea. Politically, they are divided between the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in the centra ...
, and became a super typhoon on the 30th. A day later it reached a peak of , but a northward turn weakened it to . Ophelia remained a Category 4 typhoons until December 4, when it began accelerating to the northeast over unfavorable conditions. After weakening to a tropical storm on the 6th, Ophelia became extratropical over the Northern Pacific Ocean. As an extratropical storm, it persisted until dissipating south of Alaska on the 8th. Ophelia brought heavy rains to the Caroline Islands, killing 2 and injuring 4. Many of the islands were covered in up to of water, and they experienced severe damage from Ophelia's strong winds. The name Ophelia was retired after this storm. Over the course of Ophelia's life, it traveled 5,000 miles.
Typhoon Phyllis
Other systems
The
China Meteorological Administration
The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) is the national weather service of the People's Republic of China. The institution is located in Beijing.
History
The agency was originally established in December 1949 as the Central Military Commi ...
also monitored a severe tropical storm and several other tropical depressions during the course of the season.
* June 22–27, 1000 mbar (hPa; )
* July 29 – August 3, 995 mbar (hPa; )
* August 5–7, 997 mbar (hPa; )
* August 13–16, 996 mbar (hPa; )
* September 15–16, 998 mbar (hPa; )
* September 22–27, 998 mbar (hPa; )
* Unnamed Severe Tropical Storm: September 28 – October 5, 992 mbar (hPa; )
** Storm crossed
100°E and entered the Northern Indian Ocean cyclone basin. This system ultimately developed into a very severe cyclonic storm, designated Cyclone 10B by the JTWC, with three-minute sustained winds of before striking
East Pakistan
East Pakistan was a Pakistani province established in 1955 by the One Unit Scheme, One Unit Policy, renaming the province as such from East Bengal, which, in modern times, is split between India and Bangladesh. Its land borders were with India ...
(modern-day
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
). There, the storm damaged or destroyed roughly 35,000 homes and killed an estimated 3,000 people.
* November 8–10, 1005 mbar (hPa; )
Storm names
Since 1947, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center unofficially named typhoons in the Western Pacific Basin. This followed the widespread practice of naming storms during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
map discussions after girlfriends. Before 1979, all names assigned to storms were female.
Retirement
Following the 1960 season, Lucille and Ophelia's names were
retired
Retirement is the withdrawal from one's position or occupation or from one's active working life. A person may also semi-retire by reducing work hours or workload.
Many people choose to retire when they are elderly or incapable of doing their j ...
. The former was removed in light of the considerable loss of life in the Philippines; the latter was stricken due to its unusually long track. These were the first two names to ever be removed from the rotating naming list in the basin, though they were not replaced (although the names
Lucy
Lucy is an English feminine given name derived from the Latin masculine given name Lucius with the meaning ''as of light'' (''born at dawn or daylight'', maybe also ''shiny'', or ''of light complexion''). Alternative spellings are Luci, Luce, Luci ...
and
Ora ORA or Ora may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* ''Ora'' (film), a 2011 experimental dance film
* Rita Ora (born 1990), British-Albanian singer-songwriter and actress
* ''Ora'' (Jovanotti album), 2011
* ''Ora'' (Rita Ora album), 2012
* "Ora" ...
took their places in 1962 and 1963 respectively).
See also
*
1960 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1960 Atlantic hurricane season was the least active season since 1952. The season officially began on June 15, and lasted until November 15. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones fo ...
*
1960 Pacific hurricane season
The 1960 Pacific hurricane season was an event in the annual seasons of Tropical Cyclone development. It officially started on May 15, 1960, in the eastern Pacific and lasted until November 30, 1960. The 1960 season was the first season that East ...
*
1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
The 1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season featured two deadly tropical cyclones that killed approximately 20,000 people collectively in East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh). The Indian subcontinent divides the North Indian Ocean into two ...
References
;Specific
*
; General
External links
Japan Meteorological AgencyJoint Typhoon Warning Center.
China Meteorological AgencyNational Weather Service GuamMacau Meteorological Geophysical ServicesKorea Meteorological AgencyPhilippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services AdministrationDigital Typhoon - Typhoon Images and InformationTyphoon2000 Philippine typhoon website
{{DEFAULTSORT:1960 Pacific Typhoon Season