1957 P1 (Mrkos)

1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and '' Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year of the 1950s decade.

Events

January

* January 1 – The Saarland joins West Germany.
* January 3 – Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch.
* January 5 – South African player Russell Endean becomes the first batsman to be dismissed for having ''handled the ball'', in Test cricket.
* January 9 – British Prime Minister Anthony Eden resigns.
* January 10 – Harold Macmillan becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
* January 11 – The African Convention is founded in Dakar.
* January 14 – Kripalu Maharaj is named fifth Jagadguru (world teacher), after giving seven days of speeches before 500 Hindu scholars.
* January 15 – The film '' Throne of Blood'', Akira Kurosawa's reworking of ''Macbeth'', is released in Japan.
* January 20
** Dwight D. Eisenhower is privately sworn in for a second term, as President of the United States.
** Israel withdraws from the Sinai Peninsula (captured from Egypt on October 29, 1956).
* January 26 – The Ibirapuera Planetarium (the first in the Southern Hemisphere) is inaugurated in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

February

* February 2 – President Iskander Mirza of Pakistan lays the foundation-stone of the Guddu Barrage across the Indus River, near Sukkur.
* February 4
** France prohibits U.N. involvement in Algeria.
** The first nuclear-powered submarine, , logs its 60,000th nautical mile, matching the endurance of the fictional '' Nautilus'' described in Jules Verne's 1870 novel '' Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea''. It is decommissioned on March 3, 1980.
** A coal gas explosion at the giant Bishop Coal Mine in Bishop, Virginia, United States, kills 37 men.
* February 6 – The Soviet Union announces that Swedish envoy Raoul Wallenberg had died in a Soviet prison ("possibly of a heart attack"), on July 17, 1947.
* February 10 – The Confederation of African Football is founded, at a meeting in Khartoum.
* February 15 – Andrei Gromyko becomes foreign minister of the Soviet Union.
* February 16 – Ingmar Bergman's film '' The Seventh Seal'' opens at cinemas in Sweden.
* February 17 – A fire at a home for the elderly in Warrenton, Missouri, United States, kills 72 people.
* February 18
** Kenyan rebel leader Dedan Kimathi is executed by the British colonial government.
** The last person to be executed in New Zealand, Walter James Bolton, is hanged at Mount Eden Prison for poisoning his wife.
* February 23 – The founding congress of the Senegalese Popular Bloc opens in Dakar.

March

* March 1
** U Nu becomes Prime Minister of Burma.
** Arturo Lezama becomes President of the National Council of Government of Uruguay.
** Sud Aviation forms, from a merger between SNCASE (Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud Est) and SNCASO (Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud Ouest).
* March 3 – '' Net als toen'', sung by Corry Brokken (music by Guus Jansen, lyrics by Willy van Hemert), wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1957 (held at Frankfurt), for the Netherlands.
* March 6
** United Kingdom colonies Gold Coast and British Togoland become the independent nation of Ghana.
** Zodi Ikhia founds the Nigerien Democratic Front (FDN) in Niger.
* March 8 – Egypt re-opens the Suez Canal.
* March 14 – President Sukarno declares martial law in Indonesia.
* March 17 – 1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash: Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay and 24 others are killed in a plane crash.
* March 20 – The French news magazine ''L'Express'' reveals that the French army tortures Algerian prisoners.
* March 25 – The Treaty of Rome (''Patto di Roma'') establishes the European Economic Community (EEC; predecessor of the European Union) between Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.
* March 27 – The 29th Academy Awards Ceremony is held in Hollywood. '' Around the World in 80 Days'' wins Best Picture.

April

* April – IBM sells the first compiler for the Fortran scientific programming language.
* April 1 – The first new conscripts join the Bundeswehr.
* April 5 – The Communist Party of India wins the elections in Kerala, making E. M. S. Namboodiripad its first chief minister.
* April 9 – Egypt reopens the Suez Canal to all shipping.
* April 12 – The United Kingdom announces that Singapore will gain self-rule on January 1, 1958.
* April 15
** The Distant Early Warning Line is handed over by contractors to the U.S. and Canadian military.
** White Rock secedes from Surrey, British Columbia, following a referendum.
* April 17 – Suspected English serial killer Dr. John Bodkin Adams is found not guilty of murder, at the Old Bailey.
* April 24 – 25 – The 1957 Fethiye earthquakes occur, on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey.
* April 30 – An annular solar eclipse was a non-central annular solar eclipse, that does ''NOT'' have a northern path limit. This was the last of 57 umbral solar eclipses of Solar Saros 118.

May

* May 2 – "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika", written by Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven, becomes the South African national anthem, replacing " God Save the Queen", which is retained as a royal anthem.
* May 8 – South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem begins a state visit to the United States, his regime's main sponsor.
* May 15.
** Operation Grapple: At Malden Island in the Pacific, Britain tests its first hydrogen bomb, which fails to detonate properly.
** Stanley Matthews plays his final international game, ending an English record international career of almost 23 years.
* May 16 – Paul-Henri Spaak becomes the new Secretary General of NATO.
* May 24 –