Year 195 (
CXCV) was a
common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Scrapula and Clemens (or, less frequently, year 948 ''
Ab urbe condita
''Ab urbe condita'' ( 'from the founding of the City'), or ''anno urbis conditae'' (; 'in the year since the city's founding'), abbreviated as AUC or AVC, expresses a date in years since 753 BC, the traditional founding of Rome. It is an exp ...
''). The denomination 195 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the
Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Roman Empire
* Emperor Septimius Severus has the Roman Senate deify the previous emperor Commodus
Commodus (; 31 August 161 – 31 December 192) was a Roman emperor who ruled from 177 to 192. He served jointly with his father Marcus Aurelius from 176 until the latter's death in 180, and thereafter he reigned alone until his assassination. ...
, in an attempt to gain favor with the family of Marcus Aurelius.
* King Vologases V and other eastern princes support the claims of Pescennius Niger
Gaius Pescennius Niger (c. 135 – 194) was Roman Emperor from 193 to 194 during the Year of the Five Emperors. He claimed the imperial throne in response to the murder of Pertinax and the elevation of Didius Julianus, but was defeated by a riva ...
. The Roman province of Mesopotamia rises in revolt with Parthian support. Severus marches to Mesopotamia to battle the Parthians.
* The Roman province of Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
is divided and the role of Antioch is diminished. The Romans annexed the Syrian cities of Edessa
Edessa (; grc, Ἔδεσσα, Édessa) was an ancient city (''polis'') in Upper Mesopotamia, founded during the Hellenistic period by King Seleucus I Nicator (), founder of the Seleucid Empire. It later became capital of the Kingdom of Osroene ...
and Nisibis. Severus re-establish his headquarters and the colonies there.
* Lucius Septimius Bassianus (or Caracalla), age 7, changes his name to ''Marcus Aurelius Antoninus'', to solidify connections with the family of Marcus Aurelius, and is given the title Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman people, Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in Caes ...
.
* Clodius Albinus, who had been proclaimed emperor in Britain, crosses into Gaul with his legions, while at the same time recruiting new soldiers
A soldier is a person who is a member of an army. A soldier can be a conscripted or volunteer enlisted person, a non-commissioned officer, or an officer.
Etymology
The word ''soldier'' derives from the Middle English word , from Old French ...
. He is soon the head of an army of 150,000 men, according to Cassius Dio. Severus, still in Mesopotamia, hastily returns to Rome.
* The denarius is devalued by Severus. The coin now contains only 50% precious metal.
China
* In China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
, the Xiongnu
The Xiongnu (, ) were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 209 ...
federation crosses the Great Wall and establishes itself in Shanxi Province.
* Last (2nd) year of the ''Xingping'' era during the Han dynasty, Han Dynasty.
Births
* Cao Biao (or Zhuhu), Chinese imperial prince (d. 251)
* Gong Lu (or Dexu), Chinese official and politician (d. 225)
* He Yan (or Pingshu), Chinese official and philosopher (d. 249)
* Wang Su (Cao Wei), Wang Su, Chinese official and Confucianism, Confucian scholar (d. 256)
Deaths
* Fan Chou, Chinese general and politician
* Huangfu Song (or Yizhen), Chinese general
* Liu Yao (warlord), Liu Yao, Chinese warlord and governor (b. 157)
* Lu Kang (Han dynasty), Lu Kang (or Jining), Chinese politician (b. AD 126, 126)
* Xu Shao (or Zijiang), Chinese official (b. AD 150, 150)
* Ze Rong, Chinese warlord and Buddhism, Buddhist leader
* Zhang Miao, Chinese warlord and official
* Zhu Jun (Han dynasty), Zhu Jun, Chinese general and official
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:195
195,