Events

January

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

–

Korean War , date = {{Ubl, 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953 (''de facto'')({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=6, day1=25, year1=1950, month2=7, day2=27, year2=1953), 25 June 1950 – present (''de jure'')({{Age in years, months, weeks a ...

Third Battle of Seoul The Third Battle of Seoul, also known as the Chinese New Year's Offensive, the January–Fourth Retreat ( ko, 1•4 후퇴) or the Third Phase Campaign Western SectorThe Eastern Sector is the First and Second Battles of Wonju. (), was a battle ...

– Chinese and

North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu River, Y ...

n forces capture

Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 ...

for the second time (having lost the

Second Battle of Seoul The Second Battle of Seoul was a battle that resulted in United Nations forces recapturing Seoul from the North Koreans in late September 1950. Approaching Seoul Before the battle, North Korea had just one understrength division in the city, ...

in September 1950). *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

– The Government of the United Kingdom announces abandonment of the

Tanganyika groundnut scheme The Tanganyika groundnut scheme, or East Africa groundnut scheme, was a failed attempt by the British government to cultivate tracts of its African trust territory Tanganyika (now part of Tanzania) with peanuts. Launched in the aftermath of Worl ...

for the cultivation of

peanut The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible Seed, seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small ...

s in the

Tanganyika Territory Tanganyika was a colonial territory in East Africa which was administered by the United Kingdom in various guises from 1916 to 1961. It was initially administered under a military occupation regime. From 20 July 1922, it was formalised into a L ...

, with the writing off of £36.5M debt. *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

– In a court in West Germany,

Ilse Koch Ilse Koch (22 September 1906 – 1 September 1967) was a German war criminal who was an overseer at Nazi concentration camps run by her husband, commandant Karl-Otto Koch. Working at Buchenwald (1937–1941) and Majdanek (1941–1943), Koch bec ...

, The "Witch of Buchenwald", wife of the

commandant Commandant ( or ) is a title often given to the officer in charge of a military (or other uniformed service) training establishment or academy. This usage is common in English-speaking nations. In some countries it may be a military or police ran ...

of the

Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald (; literally 'beech forest') was a Nazi concentration camp established on hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within Germany's 1937 borders. Many actual or su ...

, is sentenced to life imprisonment. *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

–

Winter of Terror The Winter of Terror was a three-month period during the winter of 1950–1951 during which an unprecedented number of avalanches took place in the Alps along the Austria–Switzerland border. The series of 649 avalanches killed over 265 people ...

Avalanche An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, such as a hill or mountain. Avalanches can be set off spontaneously, by such factors as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external means such as humans, animals, and earth ...

s in the

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...

kill 240 and bury 45,000 for a time, in Switzerland, Austria and Italy. *

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Co ...

–

Mount Lamington Mount Lamington is an andesitic stratovolcano in the Oro Province of Papua New Guinea. The forested peak of the volcano had not been recognised as such until its devastating eruption in 1951 that caused about 3,000 deaths. The volcano rises to 1 ...

in Papua New Guinea erupts catastrophically, killing nearly 3,000 people and causing great devastation in Oro Province. *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

– Dutch author

Anne de Vries Anne de Vries (22 May 1904 – 29 November 1964) was a Dutch teacher and writer, particularly famous in the Netherlands for his novels of regional life. Born in the village of Kloosterveen near Assen, de Vries married Alida Gerdina van Wermeske ...

releases the first volume of his children's novel ''

Journey Through the Night ''Journey Through the Night'' (Dutch: ''Reis door de nacht'') is a novel, originally in four volumes published from 1951 to 1958, by Dutch author Anne de Vries. The novel centers around the representation of the Second World War in the Netherla ...

'' (''Reis door de nacht''), set during World War II.

February

February February is the second month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years or 29 in leap years, with the 29th day being called the ''leap day''. It is the first of five months not to have 31 days (th ...

– The

Convention People's Party The Convention People's Party (CPP) is a Socialism, socialist political party in Ghana based on the ideas of the first President of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah. The CPP was formed in June 1949 after Nkrumah broke away from the United Gold Coast Conven ...

wins national elections in

Gold Coast (British colony) The Gold Coast was a British Crown colony on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa from 1821 until its independence in 1957 as Ghana. The term Gold Coast is also often used to describe all of the four separate jurisdictions that were under the a ...

. *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

– 2 – The

1951 Nepalese revolution The revolution of 1951 () in Nepal, also referred to as Sat Salko Kranti, was a political movement against the direct rule by the Rana dynasty of Nepal which had lasted for 104 years. It marks the beginning of the political awakening and democrat ...

leads to agreement for a democratic constitution. *

– The

United Nations General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; french: link=no, Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as the main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the UN. Curr ...

declares that China is an aggressor in the Korean War, in United Nations General Assembly Resolution 498. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...

–

Woodbridge train wreck On February 6, 1951, a Pennsylvania Railroad train derailed on a temporary wooden trestle in Woodbridge, New Jersey, killing 85 passengers. It remains New Jersey's deadliest train wreck, the deadliest U.S. derailment since 1918, and the deadlies ...

: A

Pennsylvania Railroad The Pennsylvania Railroad (reporting mark PRR), legal name The Pennsylvania Railroad Company also known as the "Pennsy", was an American Class I railroad that was established in 1846 and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was named ...

passenger train derails near

Woodbridge Township, New Jersey Woodbridge Township is a township in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township is both a regional hub for Central New Jersey and a major bedroom suburb of New York City in the New York metropolitan area located within the ...

, killing 85 people and injuring over 500, in one of the worst rail disasters in American history. *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...

–

Muhammad Reza Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ( fa, محمدرضا پهلوی, ; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (), was the last ''Shah'' (King) of the Imperial State of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow in the Irani ...

marries

Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary ( fa, ثریا اسفندیاری بختیاری, Sorayâ Esfandiâri-Baxtiâri; 22 June 1932 – 26 October 2001) was Queen of the Imperial State of Iran as the second wife of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, whom she mar ...

. *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– The

1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute The 1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute was the largest and most widespread industrial dispute in New Zealand history. During the time, up to twenty thousand workers went on strike in support of waterfront workers protesting against financial ha ...

begins, lasting for 151 days. *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

– Jean Lee becomes the last woman hanged in Australia, when she and her 2

pimp Procuring or pandering is the facilitation or provision of a prostitute or other sex worker in the arrangement of a sex act with a customer. A procurer, colloquially called a pimp (if male) or a madam (if female, though the term pimp has still ...

s are hanged for the murder and torture of a 73-year-old bookmaker. *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

– The first

Pan American Games The Pan American Games (also known colloquially as the Pan Am Games) is a continental multi-sport event in the Americas featuring summer sports, in which thousands of athletes participate in a variety of competitions. The competition is held ...

open in

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

. *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...

– The

Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twenty-second Amendment (Amendment XXII) to the United States Constitution limits the number of times a person is eligible for election to the office of President of the United States to two, and sets additional eligibility conditions for ...

, limiting

Presidents President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

to two terms, is ratified.

March

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his ''bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...

– The first

NBA All-Star Game The National Basketball Association All-Star Game is a basketball exhibition game hosted every February by the National Basketball Association (NBA) and showcases 24 of the league's star players. It is the featured event of NBA All-Star Weekend, a ...

of basketball is played in the

Boston Garden The Boston Garden was an arena in Boston, Massachusetts. Designed by boxing promoter Tex Rickard, who also built the third iteration of New York's Madison Square Garden, it opened on November 17, 1928, as "Boston Madison Square Garden" (late ...

. * March 3 or 5 –

Jackie Brenston Jackie Brenston (August 24, 1928 or 1930Most published sources and the U.S. Social Security Death Index give 1930 as his year of birth. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and reportedly his gravestone give 1928. – December 15, 1979) ...

"and His Delta Cats" (actually

Ike Turner Izear Luster "Ike" Turner Jr. (November 5, 1931 – December 12, 2007) was an American musician, bandleader, songwriter, record producer, and talent scout. An early pioneer of 1950s rock and roll, he is best known for his work in the 1960s and 1 ...

Kings of Rhythm The Kings of Rhythm are an American music group formed in the late 1940s in Clarksdale, Mississippi and led by Ike Turner through to his death in 2007. Turner would retain the name of the band throughout his career, although the group has underg ...

) record "

Rocket 88 "Rocket 88" (originally stylized as Rocket "88") is a song that was first recorded in Memphis, Tennessee, in March 1951. The recording was credited to "Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats", who were actually Ike Turner and his Kings of Rhythm. The ...

" at

Sam Phillips Samuel Cornelius Phillips (January 5, 1923 – July 30, 2003) was an American record producer. He was the founder of Sun Records and Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, where he produced recordings by Elvis Presley, Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, ...

Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis, Tennessee, on January 3, 1950. It was originally called Memphis Recording Service, sharing the same building with the Sun Records label ...

Memphis, Tennessee Memphis is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the seat of Shelby County in the southwest part of the state; it is situated along the Mississippi River. With a population of 633,104 at the 2020 U.S. census, Memphis is the second-mos ...

, a candidate for

the first rock and roll record The origins of rock and roll are complex. Rock and roll emerged as a defined musical style in the United States in the early to mid-1950s. It derived most directly from the rhythm and blues music of the 1940s, which itself developed from earlie ...

(released in April). It is covered on June 14 by Bill Haley and His Saddlemen. *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...

– The trial of

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Julius Rosenberg (May 12, 1918 – June 19, 1953) and Ethel Rosenberg (; September 28, 1915 – June 19, 1953) were American citizens who were convicted of spying on behalf of the Soviet Union. The couple were convicted of providing top-secret i ...

for conspiracy to commit espionage begins in the United States. *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 – ...

– United Artists releases the sci-fi film ''

The Man from Planet X ''The Man from Planet X'' is a 1951 independently made American black-and-white science fiction horror film, produced by Jack Pollexfen and Aubrey Wisberg, directed by Edgar G. Ulmer, that stars Robert Clarke, Margaret Field, and William Sch ...

'' in the United States. *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...

– Hank Ketcham's

comic strip A comic strip is a sequence of drawings, often cartoons, arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions. Traditionally, throughout the 20th and into the 21st ...

'' Dennis the Menace'' in the U.S. and Davey Law's '' Dennis the Menace'' in the U.K. appear for the first time. *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...

Operation Ripper Operation Ripper, also known as the Fourth Battle of Seoul, was a United Nations Command, United Nations (UN) military operation conceived by the US Eighth United States Army, Eighth Army, General Matthew Ridgway, during the Korean War. The opera ...

– For the second time, United Nations troops recapture Seoul. ** West Germany joins

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

. *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...

Second Red Scare McCarthyism is the practice of making false or unfounded accusations of subversion and treason, especially when related to anarchism, communism and socialism, and especially when done in a public and attention-grabbing manner. The term origina ...

are convicted of

conspiracy A conspiracy, also known as a plot, is a secret plan or agreement between persons (called conspirers or conspirators) for an unlawful or harmful purpose, such as murder or treason, especially with political motivation, while keeping their agree ...

to commit

espionage Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information (intelligence) from non-disclosed sources or divulging of the same without the permission of the holder of the information for a tangibl ...

. On

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

they are sentenced to death. **

Rodgers and Hammerstein Rodgers and Hammerstein was a theater-writing team of composer Richard Rodgers (1902–1979) and lyricist-dramatist Oscar Hammerstein II (1895–1960), who together created a series of innovative and influential American musicals. Their popu ...

's ''

The King and I ''The King and I'' is the fifth musical by the team of Rodgers and Hammerstein. It is based on Margaret Landon's novel '' Anna and the King of Siam'' (1944), which is in turn derived from the memoirs of Anna Leonowens, governess to the childre ...

'' opens on

Broadway Broadway may refer to: Theatre * Broadway Theatre (disambiguation) * Broadway theatre, theatrical productions in professional theatres near Broadway, Manhattan, New York City, U.S. ** Broadway (Manhattan), the street **Broadway Theatre (53rd Stree ...

, and runs for three years. It is the first of their musicals specifically written for an actress (

Gertrude Lawrence Gertrude Lawrence (4 July 1898 – 6 September 1952) was an English actress, singer, dancer and musical comedy performer known for her stage appearances in the West End of London and on Broadway in New York. Early life Lawrence was born Gertr ...

). Lawrence is stricken with

cancer Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal b ...

during the run of the show, and dies halfway through its run a year later. The show makes a star of

Yul Brynner Yuliy Borisovich Briner (russian: link=no, Юлий Борисович Бринер; July 11, 1920 – October 10, 1985), known professionally as Yul Brynner, was a Russian-born actor. He was best known for his portrayal of King Mongkut in the ...

. ** The

23rd Academy Awards The 23rd Academy Awards were held on March 29, 1951, honoring the films of 1950. ''All About Eve'' received a record 14 nominations, besting the previous record of 13 set by ''Gone with the Wind'' in 1939. It won six Oscars, including Best Pi ...

Ceremony is held; ''

All About Eve ''All About Eve'' is a 1950 American Drama (film and television), drama film written and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and produced by Darryl F. Zanuck. It is based on the 1946 short story "The Wisdom of Eve" by Mary Orr, although Orr does ...

'' wins the

Best Picture This is a list of categories of awards commonly awarded through organizations that bestow film awards, including those presented by various film, festivals, and people's awards. Best Actor/Best Actress *See Best Actor#Film awards, Best Actress#F ...

award and five others. *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V� ...

–

Remington Rand Remington Rand was an early American business machine manufacturer, originally a typewriter manufacturer and in a later incarnation the manufacturer of the UNIVAC line of mainframe computers. Formed in 1927 following a merger, Remington Rand wa ...

delivers the first

UNIVAC I The UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer design for business application produced in the United States. It was designed principally by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the invento ...

computer to the

United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureau is part of the ...

April

April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. * 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. * 1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...

** U.S. President

Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. A leader of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 34th vice president from January to April 1945 under Franklin ...

relieves General

Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur (26 January 18805 April 1964) was an American military leader who served as General of the Army for the United States, as well as a field marshal to the Philippine Army. He had served with distinction in World War I, was C ...

of his Far Eastern commands. ** After its clandestine removal from

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United ...

Christmas Day Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, ...

1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 cr ...

, the

Stone of Scone The Stone of Scone (; gd, An Lia Fàil; sco, Stane o Scuin)—also known as the Stone of Destiny, and often referred to in England as The Coronation Stone—is an oblong block of red sandstone that has been used for centuries in the coronati ...

resurfaces at

Arbroath Abbey Arbroath Abbey, in the Scottish town of Arbroath, was founded in 1178 by King William the Lion for a group of Tironensian Benedictine monks from Kelso Abbey. It was consecrated in 1197 with a dedication to the deceased Saint Thomas Becket, whom ...

in Scotland. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...

– The

Treaty of Paris (1951) The Treaty of Paris (formally the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community) was signed on 18 April 1951 between France, Italy, West Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, establishing the European Coal and Steel Co ...

is adopted, establishing the

European Coal and Steel Community The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was a European organization created after World War II to regulate the coal and steel industries. It was formally established in 1951 by the Treaty of Paris, signed by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembo ...

. *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 *753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...

– The

National Olympic Committee A National Olympic Committee (NOC) is a national constituent of the worldwide Olympic movement. Subject to the controls of the International Olympic Committee, NOCs are responsible for organizing their people's participation in the Olympic Games ...

of the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

is formed. The USSR will first participate in the Olympic Games at

Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the Capital city, capital, primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Finland, most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of U ...

, Finland, in 1952. *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy m ...

– Sakuragichō train fire: in

Yokohama is the second-largest city in Japan by population and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of To ...

, Japan, a fire on a

train In rail transport, a train (from Old French , from Latin , "to pull, to draw") is a series of connected vehicles that run along a railway track and Passenger train, transport people or Rail freight transport, freight. Trains are typically pul ...

kills more than 100. *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

–

RKO RKO Radio Pictures Inc., commonly known as RKO Pictures or simply RKO, was an American film production and distribution company, one of the "Big Five" film studios of Hollywood's Golden Age. The business was formed after the Keith-Albee-Orpheu ...

releases the

Howard Hawks Howard Winchester Hawks (May 30, 1896December 26, 1977) was an American film director, producer and screenwriter of the classic Hollywood era. Critic Leonard Maltin called him "the greatest American director who is not a household name." A v ...

sci-fi film ''

The Thing from Another World ''The Thing from Another World'', sometimes referred to as just ''The Thing'', is a 1951 American black-and-white science fiction-horror film, directed by Christian Nyby, produced by Edward Lasker for Howard Hawks' Winchester Pictures Corporati ...

''. *

April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...

–

1951 Australian federal election The 1951 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 28 April 1951. All 121 seats in the House of Representatives and all 60 seats in the Senate were up for election, due to a double dissolution called after the Senate rejected the Com ...

Robert Menzies The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of ''Hrōþ, Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory ...

Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...

Country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while the ...

Coalition A coalition is a group formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political or economical spaces. Formation According to ''A Gui ...

Government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...

is re-elected with a decreased majority, defeating the Labor Party, led by former

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

Ben Chifley Joseph Benedict Chifley (; 22 September 1885 – 13 June 1951) was an Australian politician who served as the 16th prime minister of Australia from 1945 to 1949. He held office as the leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 1945, follow ...

. Chifley dies a little over a month after the election; he will be replaced by his deputy

H. V. Evatt Herbert Vere Evatt, (30 April 1894 – 2 November 1965) was an Australian politician and judge. He served as a judge of the High Court of Australia from 1930 to 1940, Attorney-General and Minister for External Affairs from 1941 to 1949, and l ...

May

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. * 1169 &ndas ...

– The opera house of Geneva, Switzerland is almost destroyed in a fire. *

May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. * 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties. ...

** King

George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until Death and state funeral of George VI, his death in 1952. ...

opens the

Festival of Britain The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition and fair that reached millions of visitors throughout the United Kingdom in the summer of 1951. Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says the Festival was a "triumphant success" during which people: ...

in London, including the

Royal Festival Hall The Royal Festival Hall is a 2,700-seat concert, dance and talks venue within Southbank Centre in London. It is situated on the South Bank of the River Thames, not far from Hungerford Bridge, in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is a Grade I l ...

. ** The U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services and

U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations The United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations is a standing committee of the U.S. Senate charged with leading foreign-policy legislation and debate in the Senate. It is generally responsible for overseeing and funding foreign aid pr ...

begin their closed door hearings into the dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur by U.S. President Harry S Truman. *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

–

Operation Greenhouse Operation Greenhouse was the fifth American nuclear test series, the second conducted in 1951 and the first to test principles that would lead to developing thermonuclear weapons (''hydrogen bombs''). Conducted at the new Pacific Proving Grou ...

: The first

thermonuclear Thermonuclear fusion is the process of atomic nuclei combining or “fusing” using high temperatures to drive them close enough together for this to become possible. There are two forms of thermonuclear fusion: ''uncontrolled'', in which the re ...

weapon is tested in the "George" test on

Enewetok Enewetak Atoll (; also spelled Eniwetok Atoll or sometimes Eniewetok; mh, Ānewetak, , or , ; known to the Japanese as Brown Atoll or Brown Island; ja, ブラウン環礁) is a large coral atoll of 40 islands in the Pacific Ocean and with it ...

Atoll in the

Marshall Islands The Marshall Islands ( mh, Ṃajeḷ), officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands ( mh, Aolepān Aorōkin Ṃajeḷ),'' () is an independent island country and microstate near the Equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the Internati ...

by the United States. *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. *1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. * 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...

– The first volunteer-run passenger trains run on the

Talyllyn Railway The Talyllyn Railway ( cy, Rheilffordd Talyllyn) is a narrow gauge preserved railway in Wales running for from Tywyn on the Mid-Wales coast to Nant Gwernol near the village of Abergynolwyn. The line was opened in 1865Drummond 2015, page 17 ...

in Wales. *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...

– A

military coup A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such ...

occurs in

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

. *

May 21 Events Pre-1600 * 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as ''Caesar (title), Caesar'' to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy. * 878 – Syracuse, Sicily, is Siege of Syracuse ...

– The

9th Street Art Exhibition The 9th Street Art Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture is the official title artist Franz Kline hand-lettered onto the poster he designed for the Ninth Street Show (May 21-June 10, 1951).

, otherwise known as the Ninth Street Show, a gathering of a number of notable artists, marks the stepping-out of the postwar New York

avant-garde The avant-garde (; In 'advance guard' or ' vanguard', literally 'fore-guard') is a person or work that is experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.John Picchione, The New Avant-garde in Italy: Theoretical ...

, collectively known as the New York School. *

May 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction. * 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy. *1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...

– The Tibetan government signs the

Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet The Seventeen Point Agreement is a short form of the Agreement of the Central People's Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, ( zh, 中央人民政府和西藏地方政府关于和平解放 ...

with the People's Republic of China. *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

– Operation Greenhouse: The first atomic bomb "boosted" by the inclusion of

tritium Tritium ( or , ) or hydrogen-3 (symbol T or H) is a rare and radioactive isotope of hydrogen with half-life about 12 years. The nucleus of tritium (t, sometimes called a ''triton'') contains one proton and two neutrons, whereas the nucleus o ...

is tested in the "Item" test on Enewetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands by the United States. *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...

– 26 – British spies

Guy Burgess Guy Francis de Moncy Burgess (16 April 1911 – 30 August 1963) was a British diplomat and Soviet agent, and a member of the Cambridge Five spy ring that operated from the mid-1930s to the early years of the Cold War era. His defection in 1951 ...

and Donald Maclean leave the United Kingdom to defect to the

. *

May 28 Events Pre-1600 * 585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from w ...

– ''

The Goon Show ''The Goon Show'' is a British radio comedy programme, originally produced and broadcast by the BBC Home Service from 1951 to 1960, with occasional repeats on the BBC Light Programme. The first series, broadcast from 28 May to 20 September 19 ...

'' is first broadcast on

BBC Home Service The BBC Home Service was a national and regional radio station that broadcast from 1939 until 1967, when it was replaced by BBC Radio 4. History 1922–1939: Interwar period Between the early 1920s and the outbreak of World War II, the BBC ...

in the U.K.; the first series is entitled "Crazy People".

June

June 4 Events Pre-1600 *1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries. * 1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedr ...

– The

Foley Square trial The Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders in New York City from 1949 to 1958 were the result of Federal government of the United States, US federal government prosecutions in the postwar period and during the Cold War between the Soviet Uni ...

concludes review in the

U.S. Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...

as ''

Dennis v. United States ''Dennis v. United States'', 341 U.S. 494 (1951), was a United States Supreme Court case relating to Eugene Dennis, General Secretary of the Communist Party USA. The Court ruled that Dennis did not have the right under the First Amendment to the ...

'', with a ruling against the defendants (overturned by ''

Yates v. United States ''Yates v. United States'', 354 U.S. 298 (1957), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that held that the First Amendment protected radical and reactionary speech, unless it posed a " clear and present danger." Background ...

'' in 1957). *

June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Istanbul, Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir of Croatia, Branimir as an independent ...

- Nazi war criminal

Otto Ohlendorf Otto Ohlendorf (; 4 February 1907 – 7 June 1951) was a German SS functionary and Holocaust perpetrator during the Nazi era. An economist by education, he was head of the (SD) Inland, responsible for intelligence and security within Germ ...

is hung at

Landsberg Prison Landsberg Prison is a penal facility in the town of Landsberg am Lech in the southwest of the German state of Bavaria, about west-southwest of Munich and south of Augsburg. It is best known as the prison where Adolf Hitler was held in 1924, a ...

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...

. *

June 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. *1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...

–

is dedicated by the U.S. Census Bureau. *

June 15 Events Pre-1600 * 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. * 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II. * 923 – Battle of So ...

–

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

– In

New Mexico ) , population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano) , seat = Santa Fe , LargestCity = Albuquerque , LargestMetro = Tiguex , OfficialLang = None , Languages = English, Spanish ( New Mexican), Navajo, Ker ...

Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...

California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

Oregon Oregon () is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of it ...

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered on ...

and

British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...

, thousands of acres of forests are destroyed in fires.

July

Colombo Plan The Colombo Plan is a regional intergovernmental organization that began operations on 1 July 1951. The organization was conceived at an international conference, The Commonwealth Conference on Foreign Affairs held in Colombo, Ceylon (now Sri L ...

operations commence. **

Judy Garland Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10, 1922June 22, 1969) was an American actress and singer. While critically acclaimed for many different roles throughout her career, she is widely known for playing the part of Dorothy Gale in '' The ...

opens the first of 14 concerts in

Dublin Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of th ...

, Ireland at the Theatre Royal. *

July 5 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge (Danube), Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus (Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman Empire, Roman architect Theophilus Pa ...

–

William Shockley William Bradford Shockley Jr. (February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American physicist and inventor. He was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The three scientists were jointly ...

John Bardeen John Bardeen (; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and engineer. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the tran ...

and

Walter Brattain Walter Houser Brattain (; February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was an American physicist at Bell Labs who, along with fellow scientists John Bardeen and William Shockley, invented the point-contact transistor in December 1947. They shared the ...

, of Bell Labs, announce the invention of the

grown-junction transistor The grown-junction transistor was the first type of bipolar ''junction'' transistor made. It was invented by William Shockley at Bell Labs on June 23, 1948 (patent filed June 26, 1948), six months after the first bipolar point-contact transistor ...

. Same year, General Electric and RCA develop

alloy-junction transistor The germanium alloy-junction transistor, or alloy transistor, was an early type of bipolar junction transistor, developed at General Electric and RCA in 1951 as an improvement over the earlier grown-junction transistor. The usual construction of ...

. *

July 10 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina. * 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...

** Korean War:

Armistice An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, as it may constitute only a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace. It is derived from the La ...

negotiations begin at

Kaesong Kaesong (, ) is a special city in the southern part of North Korea (formerly in North Hwanghae Province), and the capital of Korea during the Taebong kingdom and subsequent Goryeo dynasty. The city is near the Kaesong Industrial Region close t ...

. ** A formal peace agreement between

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

and

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

is signed. *

July 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England. * 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots. *1260 – The Livon ...

** The

Great Flood of 1951 In mid-July 1951, heavy rains led to a great rise of water in the Kansas River, Missouri River, and other surrounding areas of the Central United States. Flooding occurred in the Kansas, Neosho, Marais Des Cygnes, and Verdigris river basins. ...

reaches its highest point in northeast

Kansas Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the ...

, culminating in the greatest flood damage to date in the

Midwestern United States The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the Midwest or the American Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2"). It occupies the northern central part of the United States. I ...

. **

MGM Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc., also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures and abbreviated as MGM, is an American film, television production, distribution and media company owned by Amazon through MGM Holdings, founded on April 17, 1924 a ...

Technicolor Technicolor is a series of Color motion picture film, color motion picture processes, the first version dating back to 1916, and followed by improved versions over several decades. Definitive Technicolor movies using three black and white films ...

film version of ''

Show Boat ''Show Boat'' is a musical with music by Jerome Kern and book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. It is based on Edna Ferber's best-selling 1926 novel of the same name. The musical follows the lives of the performers, stagehands and dock worke ...

'', starring

Kathryn Grayson Kathryn Grayson (born Zelma Kathryn Elisabeth Hedrick; February 9, 1922 – February 17, 2010) was an American actress and coloratura soprano.Ronald Berganbr>Obituary '' London Guardian'', February 19, 2010. From the age of twelve, Grayson train ...

Ava Gardner Ava Lavinia Gardner (December 24, 1922 – January 25, 1990) was an American actress. She first signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1941 and appeared mainly in small roles until she drew critics' attention in 1946 with her perform ...

and

Howard Keel Harold Clifford Keel (April 13, 1919November 7, 2004), known professionally as Howard Keel, was an American actor and singer, known for his rich bass-baritone singing voice. He starred in a number of MGM musicals in the 1950s and in the CBS tel ...

, premieres at

Radio City Music Hall Radio City Music Hall is an entertainment venue and Theater (structure), theater at 1260 Sixth Avenue (Manhattan), Avenue of the Americas, within Rockefeller Center, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Nicknamed "The Showplac ...

in New York City. The musical brings overnight fame to bass-baritone

William Warfield William Caesar Warfield (January 22, 1920 – August 25, 2002) was an American concert bass-baritone singer and actor, known for his appearances in stage productions, Hollywood films, and television programs. A prominent African American artist ...

(who sings "

Ol' Man River "Ol' Man River" is a show tune from the 1927 musical ''Show Boat'' with music by Jerome Kern and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. The song contrasts the struggles and hardships of African Americans with the endless, uncaring flow of the Mississipp ...

" in the film). *

July 14 Events Pre-1600 * 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy. * 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II. * 1420 ...

– In

Diamond, Missouri Diamond is a city in north central Newton County, Missouri, United States, located southeast of Joplin. The population was 902 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri, Metropolitan Statistical Area. Diamond is primarily renowned a ...

, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the first

United States National Monument In the United States, a national monument is a protected area that can be created from any land owned or controlled by the federal government by proclamation of the President of the United States or an act of Congress. National monuments prot ...

to honor an

African American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ens ...

. *

July 16 Events Pre-1600 * 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar. * 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece. * 105 ...

– King

Leopold III of Belgium Leopold III (3 November 1901 – 25 September 1983) was King of the Belgians from 23 February 1934 until his abdication on 16 July 1951. At the outbreak of World War II, Leopold tried to maintain Belgian neutrality, but after the German invasi ...

abdicates in favour of his son Baudouin, who on July 17 takes the oath as king of Belgium. *

July 20 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots. * 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defea ...

– King

Abdullah I of Jordan AbdullahI bin Al-Hussein ( ar, عبد الله الأول بن الحسين, translit=Abd Allāh al-Awwal bin al-Husayn, 2 February 1882 – 20 July 1951) was the ruler of Jordan from 11 April 1921 until his assassination in 1951. He was the Emir ...

is assassinated by a

Palestinian Palestinians ( ar, الفلسطينيون, ; he, פָלַסְטִינִים, ) or Palestinian people ( ar, الشعب الفلسطيني, label=none, ), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs ( ar, الفلسطينيين العرب, label=non ...

while attending Friday prayers in

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

. He is succeeded by his son, King Talal. *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...

Walt Disney Walter Elias Disney (; December 5, 1901December 15, 1966) was an American animator, film producer and entrepreneur. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film p ...

's 13th animated film, ''

Alice in Wonderland ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' (commonly ''Alice in Wonderland'') is an 1865 English novel by Lewis Carroll. It details the story of a young girl named Alice who falls through a rabbit hole into a fantasy world of anthropomorphic creatur ...

'', premieres in London, United Kingdom. ** The first

birch bark manuscript Birch bark manuscripts are documents written on pieces of the inner layer of birch bark, which was commonly used for writing before the advent of mass production of paper. Evidence of birch bark for writing goes back many centuries and in various ...

is discovered in

Novgorod Veliky Novgorod ( rus, links=no, Великий Новгород, t=Great Newtown, p=vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət), also known as just Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the ol ...

. *

July 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. * 1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day his former Chancellor, T ...

–

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, also known as the 1951 Refugee Convention or the Geneva Convention of 28 July 1951, is a United Nations multilateral treaty that defines who a refugee is, and sets out the rights of individual ...

, a

multilateral treaty A multilateral treaty is a treaty to which two or more sovereign states are parties. Each party owes the same obligations to all other parties, except to the extent that they have stated reservation (law), reservations. Examples of multilateral tre ...

of the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

, is signed at a special conference in

Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaki ...

, defining the status of

refugee A refugee, conventionally speaking, is a displaced person who has crossed national borders and who cannot or is unwilling to return home due to well-founded fear of persecution.

s and setting out the basis for granting

right of asylum The right of asylum (sometimes called right of political asylum; ) is an ancient juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, like a second country or another enti ...

, coming into force on 22 April 1954. *

July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. *1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. *1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands ...

–

David Lean Sir David Lean (25 March 190816 April 1991) was an English film director, producer, screenwriter and editor. Widely considered one of the most important figures in British cinema, Lean directed the large-scale epics ''The Bridge on the River ...

's film of ''

Oliver Twist ''Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy's Progress'', Charles Dickens's second novel, was published as a serial from 1837 to 1839, and as a three-volume book in 1838. Born in a workhouse, the orphan Oliver Twist is bound into apprenticeship with ...

'' is finally shown in the United States, after 10 minutes of supposedly

anti-Semitic Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antis ...

references and closeups of

Alec Guinness Sir Alec Guinness (born Alec Guinness de Cuffe; 2 April 1914 – 5 August 2000) was an English actor. After an early career on the stage, Guinness was featured in several of the Ealing comedies, including ''Kind Hearts and Coronets'' (194 ...

Fagin Fagin is a fictional character and the secondary antagonist in Charles Dickens's 1838 novel ''Oliver Twist''. In the preface to the novel, he is described as a "receiver of stolen goods". He is the leader of a group of children (the Artful Dod ...

are cut. It will not be shown uncut in the U.S. until

1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of X (''Extrem ...

August

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founde ...

–

René Pleven René Pleven (; 15 April 1901 – 13 January 1993) was a notable French politician of the Fourth Republic. A member of the Free French, he helped found the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR), a political party that was meant ...

becomes Prime Minister of France. *

August 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade. * 1121 – Ba ...

–

J. D. Salinger Jerome David Salinger (; January 1, 1919 January 27, 2010) was an American author best known for his 1951 novel ''The Catcher in the Rye''. Salinger got his start in 1940, before serving in World War II, by publishing several short stories in '' ...

coming-of-age story In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal ...

The Catcher in the Rye ''The Catcher in the Rye'' is an American novel by J. D. Salinger that was partially published in serial form from 1945–46 before being novelized in 1951. Originally intended for adults, it is often read by adolescents for its themes of angst ...

'' is first published in the United States. *

August 31 Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. * 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year. ...

– The first

Volkswagen Type 1 The Volkswagen Beetle—officially the Volkswagen Type 1, informally in German (meaning "beetle"), in parts of the English-speaking world the Bug, and known by many other nicknames in other languages—is a two-door, rear-engine economy car, ...

rolls off the production line in

Uitenhage Uitenhage ( ; ), officially renamed Kariega, is a South African town in the Eastern Cape Province. It is well known for the Volkswagen factory located there, which is the biggest car factory on the African continent. Along with the city of Port El ...

, South Africa.

September

September 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. * 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...

– The United States, Australia and New Zealand all sign a mutual defense pact, the

ANZUS Treaty The Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty (ANZUS or ANZUS Treaty) is a 1951 non-binding collective security agreement between Australia and New Zealand and, separately, Australia and the United States, to co-operate on military ...

. *

September 2 Events Pre-1600 *44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them ...

– The

Sri Lanka Freedom Party The Sri Lanka Freedom Party ( si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය, translit=Śrī Laṁkā Nidahas Pakṣaya; ta, இலங்கை சுதந்திரக் கட்சி, translit=Ilaṅkai Cutantirak Ka� ...

is founded by

S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike ( si, සොලොමන් වෙස්ට් රිජ්වේ ඩයස් බණ්ඩාරනායක; ta, சாலமன் வெஸ்ட் ரிட்ஜ்வே டயஸ் ப� ...

. *

September 8 Events Pre-1600 * 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty. * 1100 – Election of Antipope Theodor ...

Treaty of San Francisco The , also called the , re-established peaceful relations between Japan and the Allied Powers on behalf of the United Nations by ending the legal state of war and providing for redress for hostile actions up to and including World War II. It w ...

: In

San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...

, 48 representatives out of 51 attending sign a

peace treaty A peace treaty is an agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually countries or governments, which formally ends a state of war between the parties. It is different from an armistice An armistice is a formal agreement of warring ...

with Japan, formally ending the

Pacific War The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War, was the theater of World War II that was fought in Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and Oceania. It was geographically the largest theater of the war, including the vast ...

; the delegations of the

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

and Czechoslovakia do not sign the treaty, instead favoring separate treaties. ** The Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan, U.S.-Japan Security Treaty, which allows United States Forces Japan, United States Armed Forces to be stationed in Japan even after the end of the occupation of Japan, is signed by Japan and the United States. * September 9 – Chinese Communist forces move into Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. * September 10 – The United Kingdom begins an economic boycott of Iran. * September 18 – The following films are released in the United States: ** 20th Century Fox's Robert Wise science fiction film ''The Day the Earth Stood Still''. ** Elia Kazan's adaptation of the Tennessee Williams play ''A Streetcar Named Desire (1951 film), A Streetcar Named Desire'', becoming a critical and box-office smash. * September 20 – NATO accepts Greece and Turkey as members. * September 24 – MGM releases the musical ''Show Boat (1951 film), Show Boat''. * September 26–September 28, 28 – A blue sun is seen over Europe: the effect is due to ash coming from the Canadian forest fires 4 months previously. * September 30 – Charlotte Whitton becomes mayor of Ottawa and Canada's first woman mayor of a major city.

October

* October 3 – "Shot Heard 'Round the World (baseball)": One of the greatest moments in Major League Baseball history occurs when the New York Giants' Bobby Thomson hits a game-winning home run in the bottom of the 9th inning off of Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca, to win the National League pennant after being down 14 games. * October 3–October 8, 8 –

: First Battle of Maryang-san – United Nations (primarily Australian) forces drive back the Chinese. * October 4 ** MGM's Technicolor musical film ''An American in Paris (film), An American in Paris'', starring Gene Kelly and Leslie Caron, and directed by Vincente Minnelli, premieres in New York. It will go on to win 6 Academy Awards, including

. ** Shoppers World (Framingham, Massachusetts), Shoppers World, one of the first shopping malls in the United States, opens in Framingham, Massachusetts. * October 6 – Malayan Emergency: Communist insurgents kill British commander Sir Henry Gurney. * October 14 – The Organization of Central American States (''Organización de Estados Centroamericanos'', ODECA) is formed. * October 15 ** Norethisterone, the progestin used in the combined oral contraceptive pill, is synthesized by Luis E. Miramontes in Mexico. ** ''I Love Lucy'' makes its debut on CBS television in the United States. * October 16 **

begins a series of concerts in New York's Palace Theatre (New York City), Palace Theatre. ** Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan of Pakistan is assassinated. ** East China Normal University is founded in Shanghai, China. * October 17 – CBS's Eye logo premieres on American television. * October 19 – The state of war between the United States and

is officially ended. * October 20 – The Johnny Bright incident occurs in Stillwater, Oklahoma. * October 21 – A storm in southern Italy kills over 100. * October 24 – U.S. President Harry Truman declares an official end to war with Germany. * October 26 – Winston Churchill is re-elected Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (a month before his 77th birthday) in a 1951 United Kingdom general election, general election which sees the defeat of Clement Attlee's Labour Party (UK), Labour government, after 6 years in power. * October 27 – Farouk of Egypt declares himself king of Sudan, with no support. * October 29 – The town of Carnation, Washington, Carnation, Washington, USA changes its name back to Carnation, after being named Tolt since May 1928#May 3, 1928 (Thursday), May 1928. * October 31 – The film ''Scrooge (1951 film), Scrooge'', starring Alastair Sim, opens in England.

November

* November 1 – Desert Rock exercises, the first military exercises for Nuclear warfare, nuclear war, with infantry troops included, are held in the Nevada desert. * November 2 – 6,000 British troops are flown into Egypt to quell unrest in the Suez Canal zone. * November 10 – Direct distance dialing, Direct dial coast-to-coast telephone service begins in the United States. * November 11 ** Juan Perón is re-elected president of Argentina. ** Monogram Pictures releases the sci-fi film ''Flight to Mars (film), Flight to Mars'' in the United States. * November 12 – The National Ballet of Canada performs for the first time in Eaton Auditorium, Toronto. * November 20 – The Po (river), Po River floods in northern Italy. * November 22 – Paramount Pictures releases the George Pal science fiction film ''When Worlds Collide (1951 film), When Worlds Collide'' in the United States. * November 24 – The

play ''Gigi (play), Gigi'' opens, starring Audrey Hepburn as the lead character. * November 28 – The U.K. film ''Scrooge (1951 film), Scrooge'', starring Alastair Sim, premieres in the United States under the title of Charles Dickens's original novel, ''A Christmas Carol''. * November 29 – LEO (computer), LEO runs the world's first commercial computer program, bakery valuations, for J. Lyons and Co.'s tea shops in the U.K.

December

* c. December – The Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies, Institute of War and Peace Studies is established by Dwight D. Eisenhower at Columbia University in New York (of which he is List of Presidents of Columbia University, President) with William T. R. Fox as first director. * December 3 – Lebanese University is founded in Lebanon. * December 5 – The Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe is formed. * December 6 – A state of emergency is declared in Egypt, due to increasing riots. * December 13 – A water storage tank collapses in Tucumcari, New Mexico, resulting in 4 deaths and 200 buildings destroyed. * December 14 – Raj Kapoor's first blockbuster movie, ''Awaara'' is released in India. * December 16 – Police series ''Dragnet (1951 TV series), Dragnet'' first airs in its television version in the United States. * December 17 – ''We Charge Genocide'', a petition describing genocide against

s, is delivered to the United Nations. * December 20 ** Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-1), the world's first (experimental) nuclear power plant, opens in Idaho. ** A chartered Curtiss C-46 Commando crash-lands in Cobourg, Ontario Canada; all on board survive. ** The World Meteorological Organization becomes a specialized agency of the

. * December 22 – The Selangor Labour Party is founded in Selangor, Federation of Malaya, Malaya. * December 23 – John Huston's drama film ''The African Queen (film), The African Queen'', starring Humphrey Bogart and Katharine Hepburn, premieres in Hollywood. * December 24 ** Libya becomes independent from Italy; Idris of Libya, Idris I is proclaimed King. ** Gian Carlo Menotti's 45-minute opera, ''Amahl and the Night Visitors'', premieres live on NBC in the United States, becoming the first opera written especially for television. * December 31 – The Marshall Plan expires, after distributing more than $13.3 billion US in foreign aid to rebuild Europe.

Unknown dates

* A fourth and final forest fire starts in the Tillamook Burn, Oregon; but unlike earlier fires this one burns only , and within an area already affected by the earlier fires. * A International Auxiliary Language Association, research team publishes the ''Interlingua–English Dictionary''. * IBM (United Kingdom) is formed. * In Munich, Germany, a collection of mementos and personal papers belonging to Adolf Hitler are turned over to Bayerische Landesbank, for authentication and eventual sale. Among the documents are his ''appointment as Chancellor'' signed by President Paul von Hindenburg, his ''Austrian passport'', as well as an assortment of swastika insignia pins and medals. An initial offer of $200,000.00 is made for the collection."Year by Year 1951". History Channel International. * An 18-year-old sailor is fined for kissing in public in Stockholm, Sweden. The law court calls his actions "obnoxious behavior repulsive to the public morals". * The United States becomes malaria-free (excluding territories and possessions)

Births

January

* January 1 ** Dante Garro, Argentine football player and manager (d. 2008) ** Ashfaq Hussain, Urdu poet ** Nana Patekar, Indian actor, writer, philanthropist and filmmaker * January 2 ** Jan Fischer (politician), Jan Fischer, 8th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic ** Vincenzo Zazzaro, Italian footballer (d. 2019) * January 3 – Charles W. Mills, British-born American philosopher (d. 2021) * January 5 – Steve Arnold (footballer, born 1951), Steve Arnold, English footballer * January 6 – Kim Wilson, American singer, harmonica player * January 8 ** Kenny Anthony, Lucian politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Saint Lucia ** John McTiernan, American director, producer and writer *January 10 – Tim Seelig, American composer * January 12 ** Chris Bell (American musician), Chris Bell, American guitarist, singer and songwriter (d. 1978) ** Rush Limbaugh, American conservative radio personality (d. 2021) * January 18 – Elijah Cummings, African-American politician (d. 2019) *

– Eric Holder, African-American politician, 82nd United States Attorney General * January 22 ** Alveda King, American activist, minister, author and politician ** Ondrej Nepela, Czechoslovak figure skater (d. 1989) * January 23 – Sully Sullenberger, American airline captain *

– Steve Prefontaine, American runner (d. 1975) * January 30 ** Phil Collins, English rock musician and producer, lead singer of ''Genesis (band), Genesis'' ** Charles S. Dutton, African-American actor * January 31 ** Dave Benton, Aruban-born American singer, Eurovision Song Contest 2001 winner ** Harry Wayne Casey, American musician, songwriter and producer ** Phil Manzanera, British rock musician

February

Gordon Brown Davos 2008 low-key background

– Albert Salvadó, Andorran writer (d. 2020) * February 3 ** Blaise Compaoré, 3rd President of Burkina Faso (1987-2014 Burkinabe uprising, 2014) ** Felipe Muñoz, Mexican swimmer ** Eugenijus Riabovas, Lithuanian football manager * February 5 ** O'Neal Compton, American actor and director (d. 2019) ** Ryūsei Nakao, Japanese actor, singer and voice actor * February 10 – Bob Iger, American CEO of The Walt Disney Company *

– Rossana Ordóñez, Venezuelan journalist (d. 2021) *February 14 – Kevin Keegan, English footballer and manager *

** Melissa Manchester, American pop singer ** Jane Seymour (actress), Jane Seymour, English actress * February 16 – William Katt, American film, television actor (''The Greatest American Hero'') *

– Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, Pakistani Islamic Sufi scholar, leader *February 20 **Gordon Brown, Scottish-born Prime Minister of the United Kingdom **Edward Albert, American film and television actor (d. 2006) *February 22 – Ellen Greene, American actress *February 23 – Patricia Richardson, American actress *February 24 – Debra Jo Rupp, American actress (''That 70's Show'') *

– Don Quarrie, Jamaican sprinter *

**Lee Atwater, American political activist, campaign strategist and presidential advisor (d. 1991) **Steve Harley, British rock musician

March

* March 1 ** Sergei Kourdakov, Soviet KGB agent, later Christian convert (d. 1973) ** Mike Read, British television presenter, radio disc jockey * March 3 – Heizō Takenaka, Japanese economist * March 4 ** Edelgard Bulmahn, German politician ** Kenny Dalglish, Scottish footballer and manager ** Mike Quarry, American light-heavyweight boxer (d. 2006) ** Chris Rea, British singer, musician ** Gwen Welles, American actress (d. 1993) ** Linda Yamamoto, Japanese pop star *

– Gerrie Knetemann, Dutch cyclist (d. 2004) * March 8 – Karen Kain, Canadian ballerina *

– Zakir Hussain (musician), Zakir Hussian, Indian tabla virtuoso, composer, percussionist, music producer and actor *

– Susan Musgrave, Canadian poet, children's writer * March 13 – Charo, Spanish-American singer, entertainer *

– Jerry Greenfield, American co-founder of ''Ben & Jerry's'' ice cream * March 17 – Kurt Russell, American actor * March 18 ** Ben Cohen (businessman), Ben Cohen, American co-founder of ''Ben & Jerry's'' ice cream ** B. E. Taylor, American singer (d. 2016) * March 19 – Fred Berry, American actor (d. 2003) * March 20 – Jimmie Vaughan, American blues rock guitarist and singer * March 24 – Tommy Hilfiger, American fashion designer * March 26 ** Aleksey Buldakov, Russian actor (d. 2019) ** Carl Wieman, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate * March 30 – Wolfgang Niedecken, German singer

April

* April 1 – Tim Bassett, American basketball player (d. 2018) *

** Joe Bowen, Canadian hockey broadcaster ** Dean Kamen, American inventor, entrepreneur ** Frank Moulaert, Flemish people, Flemish scholar ** Guy Vanderhaeghe, Canadian author * April 6 ** Bert Blyleven, Dutch Major League Baseball player ** Rita Raave, Estonian actress * April 7 – Janis Ian, American singer-songwriter * April 8 ** Geir Haarde, Prime Minister of Iceland (2006–2009) ** Joan Sebastian, Mexican singer, songwriter (d. 2015) *

** Doris Angleton, American socialite, murder victim (d. 1997) ** Rohini Hattangadi, Indian actress * April 12 – Tom Noonan, American actor * April 13 ** Peabo Bryson, African-American singer ** Peter Davison, British actor ** Max Weinberg, American drummer ** John Furey, American actor * April 14 ** Julian Lloyd Webber, English cellist ** Greg Winter, English biochemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate * April 15 – Beatrix Schuba, Trixi Schuba, Austrian figure skater * April 16 ** Celso Daniel, Brazilian politician (d. 2002) ** Mordechai Ben David, American singer ** Ioan Mihai Cochinescu, Romanian writer ** Björgvin Halldórsson, Icelandic singer ** Pierre Toutain-Dorbec, French photographer * April 17 ** Horst Hrubesch, German footballer ** Olivia Hussey, Argentine-born actress (''Romeo and Juliet'') * April 19 – Jóannes Eidesgaard, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands * April 20 ** Louise Jameson, British actress ** Luther Vandross, African-American R&B, soul singer, songwriter (d. 2005) *

** Tony Danza, American actor and comedian (''Who's the Boss?'') ** Vladimír Špidla, 4th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic * April 22 – Paul Carrack, English singer * April 23 – Allison Krause, American Kent State University shooting victim (d.

) *

– Enda Kenny, 13th Taoiseach of Ireland *

** Ace Frehley, American rock guitarist (Kiss (band), Kiss) ** Freundel Stuart, 7th Prime Minister of Barbados * April 29 ** Kwesi Amissah-Arthur, Ghanaian economist, academic and politician (d. 2018) ** Dale Earnhardt, American race car driver (Death of Dale Earnhardt, d. 2001)

May

– Christopher Cross, American singer-songwriter * May 6 ** Antonio Saldías, Chilean historian ** Samuel Doe, President of Liberia (d. 1990) * May 9 ** Christopher Dewdney, Canadian poet ** Joy Harjo, Native American poet * May 13 ** Selina Scott, English journalist, television presenter ** Jumbo Tsuruta, Japanese professional wrestler (d. 2000) *

** Yoshifumi Hibako, Japanese general ** Jonathan Richman, American musician ** Frank Wilczek, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate ** Paolo Torrisi, Italian actor and voice actor (d. 2005) * May 16 – Unshō Ishizuka, Japanese voice actor (d. 2018) * May 18 – Ben Feringa, Dutch organic chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate * May 19 ** Joey Ramone, American rock musician (Ramones) (d. 2001) ** Dick Slater, American professional wrestler (d. 2018) * May 20 – Christie Blatchford, Canadian newspaper columnist, journalist and broadcaster (d. 2020) *

– Al Franken, American comedian (''Saturday Night Live'') and U.S. Senator (D-MN) *

** Jill E. Barad, American businessperson ** Anatoly Karpov, Russian chess player ** Antonis Samaras, Greek economist, politician and 185th Prime Minister of Greece *

– Jamaluddin Jarjis, Malaysian politician (d. 2015) * May 26 ** Ramón Calderón, Spanish lawyer and businessman ** Lou van den Dries, Dutch mathematician ** Sally Ride, American astronaut (d. 2012) ** Madeleine Taylor-Quinn, Irish politician * May 30 ** Stephen Tobolowsky, American actor ** Fernando Lugo, President of Paraguay * May 31 – Jimmy Nalls, American guitarist (Sea Level (band), Sea Level) (d. 2017)

June

Bonnie Tyler ESC - United Kingdom 01 crop

* June 2 **Gilbert Baker (artist), Gilbert Baker, American artist and activist, creator of the Rainbow flag (LGBT movement), LGBTQ+ Pride Flag (d. 2017) **Jeanine Pirro, Lebanese-American attorney, politician and conservative political commentator **Larry Robinson, Canadian hockey player * June 3 – Jill Biden, First Lady of the United States * June 5 – Suze Orman, American financial advisor, writer and television personality * June 8 – Bonnie Tyler, Welsh pop singer * June 9 – James Newton Howard, American musician, composer * June 12 ** Brad Delp, American rock vocalist (''Boston (band), Boston'') (d. 2007) ** Andranik Margaryan, 14th Prime Minister of Armenia (d. 2007) * June 13 ** Stellan Skarsgård, Swedish actor ** Richard Thomas (actor), Richard Thomas, American actor (''The Waltons'') *

– Paul Boateng, British politician *

** Jane Amsterdam, American magazine editor ** Álvaro Colom, 35th President of Guatemala * June 16 ** Charlie Dominici, American musician ** Roberto Durán, Panamanian boxer * June 17 – Shahidan Kassim, Malaysian politician * June 18 ** Gyula Sax, Hungarian chess grandmaster (d. 2014) ** Steve Miner, American film, television director, film producer * June 19 – Ayman al-Zawahiri, Egyptian-born terrorist (d. 2022) * June 20 ** Tress MacNeille, American voice actress ** Paul Muldoon, Irish-born poet * June 21 ** Nils Lofgren, American musician ** Marcus Mojigoh, Malaysian politician * June 23 – Michèle Mouton, French rally driver * June 24 ** Leslie Cochran, American homeless activist (d. 2012) ** Mohd Sidek Hassan, 12th Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia ** David Rodigan, British radio DJ/actor * June 25 - Elvy Sukaesih, Indonesian dangdut singer * June 27 ** Ulf Andersson, Swedish chess player ** Madan Bhandari, Nepalese politician (d. 1993) ** Julia Duffy, American actress ** Mary McAleese, 8th President of Ireland * June 28 ** Mick Cronin (rugby league), Mick Cronin, Australian rugby league player ** Lloyd Maines, American musician, record producer ** Daniel Ruiz, Spanish footballer ** Lalla Ward, British actress * June 29 ** Zvi Eliezer Alonie, Israeli rabbi ** Keno Don Rosa, American comic book author ** Billy Hinsche, Philippine-born American musician (d. 2021) ** Craig Sager, American sports commentator (d. 2016) * June 30 – Stanley Clarke, American bassist

July

Anjelica Huston March 21, 2014 (cropped)

Chris Cooper at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival

** Sabah Abdul-Jalil, Iraqi footballer and coach (d. 2021) ** Abdul Karim Jassim, Iraqi footballer and coach ** Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed, Djiboutian politician ** Thomas Boni Yayi, 7th President of Benin * July 2 ** Elisabeth Brooks, Canadian actress (d. 1997) ** Wiesław Gawlikowski, Polish sport shooter ** Guido Magherini, Italian footballer and coach ** Stevie Woods (musician), Stevie Woods, American singer (d. 2014) * July 3 ** Richard Hadlee, New Zealand cricketer ** Lodewijk Jacobs, Dutch sprint canoer ** Bob Rigby, U.S. soccer goalkeeper * July 4 ** Beverly Boys, Canadian diver ** S. S. Ahluwalia, Indian politician *

** Goose Gossage, American baseball player ** Yehoshua Gal, Israeli footballer ** Gilbert Van Binst, Belgian footballer * July 6 – Geoffrey Rush, Australian actor * July 7 – Menachem Ben-Sasson, Israeli politician * July 8 – Anjelica Huston, American actress * July 9 ** Jeje Odongo, Ugandan military officer and politician ** Chris Cooper, American actor *

– Phyllis Smith, American actress * July 11 – Yechiel Eckstein, Israeli-American rabbi (d. 2019) * July 12 – Cheryl Ladd, American actress and singer *

– Erich Hallhuber, German actor (d. 2003) * July 15 ** Folorunso Alakija, Nigerian businesswoman ** Rick Kehoe, Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach ** Jesse Ventura wrestler, navy seal, actor, and former mayor and governor *

** Jean-Luc Mongrain, Canadian news anchor and journalist ** Che Rosli, Malaysian politician ** Franco Serantini, Italian anarchist (d. 1972) * July 18 ** Eva Wittke, German swimmer ** Elio Di Rupo, Belgian politician * July 21 – Robin Williams, American actor and comedian (d. 2014) * July 22 – William Nyallau Badak, Malaysian politician * July 23 – Edie McClurg, American actress * July 24 ** Fiona Reid, English-born Canadian actress ** Lynda Carter, American actress and singer ** Chris Smith, Baron Smith of Finsbury, Chris Smith, British politician * July 25 – Yury Kovalchuk, Russian oligarch *

– Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, German politician *

** Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, Spanish politician (d. 2019) ** Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect and engineer * July 31 ** Evonne Goolagong Cawley, Australian tennis player ** Vjekoslav Šutej, Croatian orchestral conductor (d. 2009)

August

* August 2 – Andrew Gold, American singer-songwriter and musician (10cc, Wax (pop band), Wax) (d. 2011) * August 3 – Marcel Dionne, Canadian hockey player * August 6 ** Catherine Hicks, American actress ** Daryl Somers, Australian television personality * August 8 ** Louis van Gaal, Dutch footballer and manager ** Mohamed Morsi, Egyptian politician, 5th President of Egypt (d. 2019) ** Mamoru Oshii, Japanese film director ** Randy Shilts, American journalist and author (d. 1994) * August 10 – Juan Manuel Santos, President of Colombia and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize *

– Katsumi Chō, Japanese voice actor * August 13 – Dan Fogelberg, American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist (d. 2007) * August 15 – Jim Allen (cricketer), Jim Allen, West Indian cricketer * August 16 – Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, 13th President of Nigeria (d. 2010) * August 17 – Richard Hunt (puppeteer), Richard Hunt, American puppeteer (d. 1992) * August 19 – John Deacon, English rock bassist * August 20 – Greg Bear, American author (d. 2022) * August 21 ** Eric Goles, Chilean mathematician and computer scientist ** Chesley V. Morton, American politician and securities arbitrator ** Harry Smith (American journalist), Harry Smith, American journalist and editor * August 22 – Chandra Prakash Mainali, Nepalese politician * August 23 ** Jimi Jamison, American musician (Survivor (band), Survivor) (d. 2014) ** Akhmad Kadyrov, President of Chechnya (d. 2004) ** Queen Noor of Jordan, born Lisa Najeeb Halaby, American-born queen consort * August 24 – Orson Scott Card, American writer * August 25 – Rob Halford, English rock singer * August 26 – Edward Witten, American mathematician, Fields medalist * August 28 – Wayne Osmond, American pop singer * August 30 ** Behgjet Pacolli, 3rd President of Kosovo. ** Dana Rosemary Scallon, Irish singer, Eurovision Song Contest 1970 winner and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) *

– Peter Withe, English footballer

September

** Jim DeMint, American politician, United States Senator (R-SC) ** Mark Harmon, American actor * September 4 – Judith Ivey, American actress * September 5 – Michael Keaton, American actor * September 6 – Šaban Šaulić, Serbian musician (d. 2019) * September 7 ** Chrissie Hynde, American rock singer ** Mammootty, Indian actor and producer * September 9 – Alexander Downer, Australian politician, diplomat * September 12 ** Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland ** Joe Pantoliano, American actor * September 13 ** Jean Smart, American actress ** Salva Kiir Mayardit, 1st President of South Sudan * September 14 ** Duncan Haldane, English-born condensed-matter physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics ** Volodymyr Melnykov, Ukraine, Ukrainian poet, writer, songwriter and composer * September 15 ** Pete Carroll, American football coach ** Jared Taylor, American author and journalist ** Fred Seibert, American producer and Frederator Studios founder * September 17 – Cassandra Peterson, American actress, known for her role in ''Elvira, Mistress of the Dark'' * September 18 ** Ben Carson, African-American politician, author and neurosurgeon ** Dee Dee Ramone, American bassist (d. 2002) * September 20 ** Guy Lafleur, Canadian hockey player (d. 2022) ** Javier Marías, Spanish novelist (d. 2022) * September 21 – Aslan Maskhadov, President of Chechnya (d. 2005) * September 22 ** David Coverdale, English singer and musician ** Wolfgang Petry, German singer * September 24 – Alfonso Portillo, President of Guatemala * September 25 ** Mark Hamill, American actor, better known for his role in ''Star Wars'' ** Bob McAdoo, American basketball player and coach * September 26 – Stuart Tosh, Scottish musician * September 28 – Jim Diamond (singer), Jim Diamond, Scottish singer-songwriter (d. 2015) * September 29 ** Michelle Bachelet, President of Chile ** Andrés Caicedo, Colombian writer (d. 1977) ** Maureen Caird, Australian hurdler ** Mike Enriquez, Filipino radio and television newscaster * September 30 – Barry Marshall, Australian physician and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

October

* October 2 – Sting (musician), Sting, British singer, rock musician, philanthropist * October 3 ** Keb' Mo', American musician ** Kathryn D. Sullivan, American astronaut * October 4 – Bakhytzhan Kanapyanov, Kazakhs, Kazakh poet * October 5 – **Bob Geldof, Irish musician (The Boomtown Rats) **Karen Allen, American actress * October 6 – Manfred Winkelhock, German racing driver (d. 1985) * October 7 ** Jakaya Kikwete, 4th President of Tanzania ** John Mellencamp, American musician and songwriter * October 10 – Epeli Ganilau, Fijian soldier and statesman * October 11 ** Jean-Jacques Goldman, French singer and songwriter ** Jon Miller, American sports announcer * October 15 ** Hani Al-Mulki, Prime Minister of Jordan ** Rafael Vaganian, Armenian chess grandmaster * October 17 – Prabowo Subianto, Indonesian businessman, politician and Lieutenant General of the Indonesian National Armed Forces * October 18 ** Pam Dawber, American actress ** Mike Antonovich (ice hockey), Mike Antonovich, American ice hockey player and executive ** Terry McMillan, American author * October 19 – Annie Golden, Americana actress * October 20 – Claudio Ranieri, Italian football manager and player * October 22 – William David Sanders, American victim of the Columbine High School massacre (d. 1999) * October 23 – Charly García, Argentine musician and songwriter * October 25 – Richard Lloyd (guitarist), Richard Lloyd, American rock guitarist * October 26 ** Willie P. Bennett, Canadian songwriter and singer (d. 2008) ** Bootsy Collins, American musician, singer-songwriter * October 27 – Éric Morena, French singer (d. 2019) * October 28 - Marvin Heemeyer, American man who went on a rampage with an armored bulldozer in Granby, Colorado (d. 2004) * October 29 - Kelly Sutherland (chuckwagon), Canadian Pro Chuckwagon racer * October 30 – Harry Hamlin, American actor * October 31 – Nick Saban, American football coach

November

Zeenat Aman at the Society Achievers Awards 2018 (cropped)

* November 2 – Thomas Mallon, American author and critic * November 3 – Ed Murawinski, American cartoonist (''New York Daily News'') * November 4 – Traian Băsescu, President of Romania * November 7 – Dennis Allen (criminal), Dennis Allen, Australian criminal and drug dealer, eldest son of Kath Pettingill (d.1987) * November 8 – Alfredo Astiz, Argentine commander * November 9 ** Martin Khor, Malaysian journalist and economist (d. 2020) ** Lou Ferrigno, American actor and bodybuilder * November 10 – Danilo Medina, Dominican politician 53rd President of the Dominican Republic * November 11 – Bill Moseley, American Actor * November 12 – Marcelo Rezende, Brazilian journalist and television presenter (d. 2017) * November 14 – Jacob ter Veldhuis, Dutch composer * November 15 ** Alamgir Hashmi, English poet ** Beverly D'Angelo, American actress and singer * November 16 ** Miguel Sandoval, American actor ** Sulaiman Taha, Malaysian politician (d. 2010) ** Paula Vogel, American playwright * November 17 ** Butch Davis, American National Football League, NFL and NCAA football head coach ** Dean Paul Martin, American pop singer and screen actor (d. 1987) ** Stephen Root, American actor and voice actor * November 18 – Justin Raimondo, American political activist (d. 2019) * November 19 ** Zeenat Aman, Indian actress and model ** Charlie Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton, British politician * November 20 – Rodger Bumpass, American voice actor known for his role as Squidward Tentacles on ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' * November 21 – Thomas Roth (journalist), Thomas Roth, German television news anchor and presenter * November 24 – Chet Edwards, American politician * November 26 – Ilona Staller, Cicciolina, Hungarian-Italian actress and politician * November 27 – Teri DeSario, American singer-songwriter * November 29 ** Kathryn Bigelow, American film director ** Roger Troutman, American funk musician (d. 1999) * November 30 – Christian Bernard, French-born mystic

December

Carlos Menem recibe a Ernesto Zedillo 06

* December 1 ** The Aldridge Sisters, Sherry Aldridge, American singer ** Obba Babatundé, American actor ** Jaco Pastorius, American bassist (d. 1987) ** Treat Williams, American actor, writer and aviator * December 2 – Adrian Devine, American baseball pitcher (d. 2020) * December 3 ** Natalis Chan, Hong Kong actor and producer ** Riki Choshu, Korean-Japanese professional wrestler * December 4 ** Chang Fei, Taiwanese television personality ** Patricia Wettig, American actress * December 6 – Tomson Highway, Canadian writer * December 8 ** Bill Bryson, American-born British non-fiction author ** Jan Eggum, Norwegian singer and songwriter * December 11 – Peter T. Daniels, American writing systems scholar * December 12 ** Wau Holland, German hacker (d. 2001) ** Fyodor Konyukhov, Ukrainian explorer and priest * December 14 ** Mike Krüger, German comedian and singer ** Jan Timman, Dutch chess player * December 17 – Ken Hitchcock, Canadian hockey coach * December 18 – Alvin E. Roth, American academic * December 20 – Peter May (writer), Peter May, Scottish novelist and television dramatist * December 27 ** Levy Fidelix, Brazilian politician, businessman, and journalist (d. 2021) ** Ernesto Zedillo, 54th President of Mexico (1994-2000) * December 29 – Georges Thurston, Canadian singer (d. 2007)

Full date unknown

*Peter Hargitay, public relations executive and a partner of the European Consultancy Network

Deaths

January

* January 2 – Harald Bohr, Danish mathematician and footballer (b. 1887) * January 3 – Georgios Drossinis, Greek author, poet, scholar and editor (b. 1859) * January 5 – Yasunosuke Gonda, Japanese sociologist and theorist (b. 1887) * January 6 ** Ken Le Breton, Australian speedway rider (b. 1924) ** Maila Talvio, Finnish writer, nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature (b. 1871) * January 7 ** René Guénon, French metaphysician (b. 1886) ** Lucien Cuénot, French biologist (b. 1866) * January 10 – Sinclair Lewis, American writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1885) * January 12 ** Jacques de Baroncelli, French director and screenwriter (b. 1881) ** Albert Guay, Canadian murderer (executed) (b. 1917) ** Prince Maximilian of Saxony (1870–1951), Prince Maximilian of Saxony (b. 1870) * January 13 ** Dorothea Bate, British palaeontologist, a pioneer of archaeozoology (b. 1878) ** Florence Kahn (actress), Florence Kahn, American actress (b. 1878) ** Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and eminence (b. 1871) *

– Ernest Swinton, Sir Ernest Swinton, British Army general (b. 1868) * January 16 – Tsunejirō Ishii, Japanese admiral (b. 1887) * January 17 – Franziskus Hennemann, South African Titular bishop and reverend (b. 1882) * January 18 ** Amy Carmichael, Irish missionary to India (b. 1867) ** Jack Holt (actor), Jack Holt, American actor (b. 1888) *

– Yuriko Miyamoto, Japanese novelist (b. 1899) * January 23 – Robert J. Blackham, British general and author (b. 1868) * January 27 – Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Finnish military leader and statesman, 6th President of Finland (b. 1867) * January 28 ** Dominic Salvatore Gentile, American pilot (b. 1920) ** Petar Dujam Munzani, Italian Roman Catholic archbishop and reverend (b. 1890) * January 29 – Frank Tarrant, Australian cricketer (b. 1880) * January 30 – Ferdinand Porsche, German auto engineer (b. 1875)

February

– Blas Taracena Aguirre, Spanish archaeologist (b. 1895) * February 3 **Choudhry Rahmat Ali, one of the founding fathers of Pakistan (b. 1895) ** Zaifeng, Prince Chun, Qing Dynasty prince (b. 1883) * February 8 ** Fritz Thyssen, German businessman and industrialist (b. 1873) ** Zygmunt Szendzielarz, Polish commander (b. 1910) * February 9 – Eddy Duchin, American pianist and bandleader (b. 1909) * February 13 – Lloyd C. Douglas, American author (b. 1877) * February 14 – Andrés Barbero, Paraguayan scientist and botanist (b. 1877) * February 18 ** Lyman Gilmore, American aviation pioneer (b. 1874) ** Miloš Slovák, Czech painter (b. 1885) *

– André Gide, French writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869) * February 22 – Alfred Lindley, American Olympic rower - Men's eights (b. 1904) * February 28 ** Henry W. Armstrong, American boxer and songwriter (b. 1879) ** Giannina Russ, Italian soprano (b. 1873)

March

* March 1 – Maria Dickin, British social reformer (b. 1870) *

** Cassiano Conzatti, Italian botanist, explorer and pteridologist (b. 1862) ** Al Taylor (actor), Al Taylor, American actor (b. 1887) * March 4 ** Anna Berentine Anthoni, Norwegian trade unionist and politician (b. 1884) ** Zoltán Meszlényi, Hungarian Roman Catholic priest, bishop, martyr and blessed (b. 1892) *

** Ivor Novello, British actor, musician and composer (b. 1893) ** Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Ukrainian statesman, political activist, writer, playwright and artist, 1st Prime Minister of Ukraine (b. 1880) * March 7 – Prince Rangsit Prayurasakdi (b. 1885) * March 8 – Charles Coleman (actor), Charles Coleman, American actor (b. 1885) * March 10 – Kijūrō Shidehara, Japanese diplomat, 31st Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1872) * March 11 – János Zsupánek, Prekmurje Slovenes, Prekmurje Slovene poet and writer (b. 1861) *

– Alfred Hugenberg, German businessman and politician (b. 1865) * March 13 – Ants Kaljurand, Ants "the Terrible" Kaljurand, Estonian anti-communist, freedom fighter and forest brother (b. 1917) *

– Val Lewton, American producer and screenwriter (b. 1904) * March 16 – Janusz Jędrzejewicz, Polish politician and educator, 24th Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1885) * March 17 – Archduke Karl Albrecht of Austria (b. 1888) * March 19 – Dmytro Doroshenko, Soviet political figure (b. 1882) * March 20 – Alfredo Baquerizo, 19th President of Ecuador (b. 1859) * March 21 – Willem Mengelberg, Dutch conductor (b. 1871) * March 24 – José Enrique Varela, Spanish military officer (b. 1871) * March 25 ** Eddie Collins, American baseball player (Chicago White Sox) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1887) ** Oscar Micheaux, American filmmaker (b. 1884) *

– Ralph Forbes, American actor (b. 1896)

April

* April 2 – Mikhail Vladimirsky, Soviet politician (b. 1874) * April 4 – George Albert Smith, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1870) *

– Cường Để, Vietnamese revolutionary leader (b. 1882) * April 6 – Robert Broom, British paleontologist (b. 1866) * April 9 – Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (b. 1862) *

** Peter Enzenauer, Canadian politician (b. 1878) ** Joe King (actor), Joe King, American actor (b. 1883) * April 14 ** Ernest Bevin, British labour leader, politician and statesman (b. 1881) ** Al Christie, Canadian film director and producer (b. 1881) * April 16 – Adolph Bolm, Russian-American dancer and choreographer (b. 1881) *

– Óscar Carmona, 96th Prime Minister of Portugal and 11th President of Portugal (b. 1869) * April 19 – Frank Hopkins, American professional horseman, soldier (b. 1865) * April 20 – Ivanoe Bonomi, Italian politician and statesman, 25th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1873) *

– Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus, Dutch lepidopterist (b. 1894) * April 22 – Horace Donisthorpe, British myrmecologist (b. 1870) * April 23 – Charles G. Dawes, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 30th Vice President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1865) * April 25 – Shyam (actor), Shyam, Hindi actor (b. 1920) * April 26 – Arnold Sommerfeld, German physicist (b. 1868) * April 29 – Ludwig Wittgenstein, Austrian philosopher (b. 1889)

May

– Klymentiy Sheptytsky, Soviet Orthodox priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1869) * May 2 ** Alphonse de Châteaubriant, French writer (b. 1877) ** Mansour bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi politician (b. 1921) *

– Homero Manzi, Argentine Tango lyricist and author (b. 1907) * May 5 ** Eddie Dunn (actor), Eddie Dunn, American actor (b. 1896) ** John Flynn (minister), John Flynn, Australian medical services pioneer (b. 1880) ** Andronicus Rudenko, Greek Orthodox priest and blessed (b. 1874) * May 6 – Henri Carton de Wiart, 23rd Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1869) * May 7 – Warner Baxter, American actor (b. 1889) *

– Pat Hartigan (actor), Pat Hartigan, American actor and director (b. 1881) * May 10 – Nikola Mushanov, 23rd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1872) * May 16 – François Hussenot, French engineer (b. 1912) * May 17 ** William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood, British field marshal (b. 1865) ** Mary Emelia Moore, New Zealand Presbyterian missionary in China (b. 1869) ** Empress Teimei of Japan, Empress consort of Emperor Taishō (b. 1884) * May 18 – Gaspar Agüero Barreras, Cuban composer, pianist and composer (b. 1873) * May 20 – Marguerite Merington, English-American author (b. 1857) *

– Antonio Gandusio, Italian actor (b. 1875) *

** Franz Klebusch, German actor (b. 1887) ** Paula von Preradović, Austrian poet and writer (b. 1887) * May 27 – Thomas Blamey, Sir Thomas Blamey, Australian field marshal (b. 1884) * May 29 ** Fanny Brice, American entertainer (b. 1891) ** Antonio Mosca, Italian painter (b. 1870) * May 30 ** Hermann Broch, Austrian author (b. 1886) ** Reginald Tyrwhitt, Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt, British admiral (b. 1870)

June

* June 1 ** José Alejandrino, Filipino general (b. 1870) ** Rafael Altamira y Crevea, Spanish historian and jurist (b. 1866) ** Ludvig Oskar, Estonian painter (b. 1874) *

– Serge Koussevitzky, Russian-born conductor (b. 1874) *

** Paul Blobel, German SS officer (executed) (b. 1894) ** Werner Braune, German SS officer (executed) (b. 1909) ** Erich Naumann, German SS officer (executed) (b. 1905) **

, German SS officer (executed) (b. 1907) ** Oswald Pohl, German SS officer (executed) (b. 1892) * June 9 – Mayo Methot, American actress (b. 1904) * June 11 – Takuma Nishimura, Japanese general (executed) (b. 1899) * June 13 –

, Australian politician, 16th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1885) * June 16 – Pyotr Pavlenko, Soviet writer and screenwriter (b. 1899) * June 21 – Charles Dillon Perrine, American astronomer, discovered two moons of Jupiter (Himalia (moon), Himalia and Elara (moon), Elara) (b. 1867) * June 25 – Ferdinand Budicki, Croatian pioneer (b. 1871) * June 27 – David Warfield, American stage actor (b. 1866) * June 28 – Maria Pia Mastena, Italian Roman Catholic religious sister and blessed (b. 1881) * June 29 – Juan Rivero Torres, Bolivian engineer and statesman (b. 1897)

July

Philippe Pétain (en civil, autour de 1930)

* July 2 – Ferdinand Sauerbruch, German surgeon (b. 1875) * July 3 – Tadeusz Borowski, Polish writer and journalist (b. 1922) * July 9 ** Harry Heilmann, American baseball player (Detroit Tigers) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1894) ** Egbert Van Alstyne, American songwriter and pianist (b. 1878) *

– Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (b. 1874) * July 15 – Florentino Collantes, Filipino poet (b. 1896) * July 17 ** Charles Desplanques, French anarchist and journalist (b. 1877) ** Riad Al Solh, 2-Time Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1894) * July 18 ** Ludovico di Caporiacco, Italian arachnologist (b. 1901) ** Antti Juutilainen, Finnish farmer and politician (b. 1882) *

** King

(assassinated) (b. 1882) ** Elías Ahúja y Andría, Spanish philanthropist, politician, businessman and academic (b. 1863) ** Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (b. 1882) * July 23 ** Robert J. Flaherty, American filmmaker (b. 1884) ** Philippe Pétain, French World War I marshal, leader of Vichy France, 78th Prime Minister of France (b. 1856) * July 25 – Henrik Ramsay, Finnish politician and economist (b. 1886) *

** Juozas Gabrys, Lithuanian politician and diplomat (b. 1880) ** Maximilian Ritter von Pohl, German army and air force officer (b. 1893) *

– Max Horton, Sir Max Horton, British admiral (b. 1883) * July 31 – Cho Ki-chon, Korean poet (b. 1913)

August

Press photo of Robert Walker in Strangers on a Train (front)

* August 14 – William Randolph Hearst, American newspaper publisher (b. 1863) * August 15 – Artur Schnabel, Austrian-born Jewish classical pianist (b. 1882) * August 16 – Louis Jouvet, French actor and director (b. 1887) * August 19 – Władysław Wróblewski, Polish politician, scientist, diplomat and lawyer, provisional Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1875) * August 21 – Constant Lambert, British composer (b. 1905) * August 24 ** Henri Rivière (painter), Henri Rivière, French painter (b. 1864) ** Antonio Sánchez de Bustamante y Sirven, Cuban lawyer (b. 1865) * August 26 – Bill Barilko, Canadian hockey player (b. 1927) * August 28 – Robert Walker (actor, born 1918), Robert Walker, American actor (b. 1918)

September

** Louis Lavelle, French philosopher (b. 1883) ** Wols, German painter and photographer (b. 1913) *

– Antoine Bibesco, Romanian aristocrat, lawyer, diplomat and writer (b. 1878) * September 3 ** Ernestina Lecuona y Casado, Cuban pianist, musician, educator and composer (b. 1882) ** Enrico Valtorta, Italian Roman Catholic bishop of Hong Kong and reverend (b. 1883) ** Serge Voronoff, Russian-born French surgeon (b. 1866) * September 5 – Mário Eloy, Portuguese painter (b. 1900) * September 7 ** Maria Montez, Dominican actress (b. 1912) ** John French Sloan, American artist (b. 1871) * September 9 ** Anton Golopenția, Romanian sociologist (b. 1909) ** Gibson Gowland, British actor (b. 1877) * September 10 – Giuseppe Mulè, Italian composer and conductor (b. 1885) * September 15 – Jacinto Guerrero, Spanish composer (b. 1895) * September 17 ** František Nušl, Czechoslovak astronomer and mathematician (b. 1867) ** Jimmy Yancey, American pianist and composer (b. 1898) * September 18 ** Márton Rátkai, Hungarian actor (b. 1881) ** Tomonaga Sanjūrō, Japanese philosopher (b. 1871) * September 26 – Ioan Dimăncescu, Romania army officer (b. 1898) * September 27 – Augusto de Vasconcelos, Portuguese surgeon, politician and diplomat, 57th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1867) * September 29 – Thomas Cahill (soccer), Thomas Cahill, American soccer coach (b. 1864)

October

* October 4 – Henrietta Lacks, American originator of the HeLa cell (biology), cell line (b. 1920) * October 6 ** Will Keith Kellogg, American industrialist, founder of the Kellogg Company (b. 1860) ** Otto Fritz Meyerhof, German-born physician and biochemist (b. 1884) * October 12 – Leon Errol, Australian-born actor and comedian (b. 1881) * October 14 – Herman Charles Bosman, South African writer and journalist (b. 1905) * October 16 ** Liaquat Ali Khan, 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (assassinated) (b. 1895) ** Saad Akbar Babrak, Afghan assassin (b. 1921 or 1922) * October 17 – József Farkas (politician), József Farkas, Hungarian nobleman, jurist and politician (b. 1857) * October 23 – Fernando Poe Sr., Filipino actor (b. 1916) * October 24 ** Al Baker (magician), Al Baker, American magician (b. 1874) ** Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland (b. 1861) ** Clarence Stewart Williams, American admiral (b. 1863) * October 25 – Amélie of Orléans, Queen consort of Portugal (b. 1865) * October 26 ** William S. Finucane, American businessman and politician (b. 1888) ** Óscar Pérez Solís, Spanish artillery officer, engineer, jurist and politician (b. 1882) * October 28 – Mady Christians, Austrian actress (b. 1892) * October 30 – Gustav Smedal, Norwegian jurist (b. 1888)

November

* November 3 ** Aleksei Badayev, Soviet functionary (b. 1883) ** Richard Wallace (director), Richard Wallace, American film director (b. 1894) * November 4 – Khelifa Belkacem, Algerian chaabi singer (b. 1907) * November 5 ** Agrippina Vaganova, Soviet ballerina (b. 1879) ** Reggie Walker (sprinter), Reggie Walker, South African Olympic athlete (b. 1889) * November 9 ** Luigi Beltrame Quattrocchi, Italian Roman Catholic layman and blessed (b. 1880) ** Sigmund Romberg, Hungarian-born composer (b. 1887) * November 13 – Nikolai Medtner, Soviet pianist and composer (b. 1880) * November 14 – Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere, Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta (b. 1866) * November 15 – Robert Elliott (actor), Robert Elliott, American actor (b. 1879) * November 20 ** Thomas Quinlan (impresario), Thomas Quinlan, British opera singer (b. 1881) ** Lou Skuce, Canadian cartoonist (b. 1886) * November 23 – Enrichetta Alfieri, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1891) **Ju Zheng, Chinese politician (b. 1876) * November 25 ** István Friedrich, 24th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1883) ** Harry B. Liversedge, American general (b. 1894) * November 27 – Timrava, Slovak novelist (b. 1867) * November 29 – Pramathesh Barua, Indian actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1903)

December

* December 1 – Felix Petyrek, Austrian composer (b. 1892) * December 4 – Pedro Salinas, Spanish poet (b. 1891) * December 5 – Shoeless Joe Jackson, American baseball player (Chicago White Sox) (b. 1889) * December 6 ** J. Edward Bromberg, Hungarian-born character actor (b. 1903) ** André Gobert, French tennis player (b. 1890) ** Harold Ross, American editor (b.1892) * December 10 – Algernon Blackwood, British writer (b. 1869) * December 11 ** Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison, British politician and physician (b. 1869) ** Selim Palmgren, Finnish composer, pianist and conductor (b. 1878) * December 12 – Bill Patton (actor), Bill Patton, American actor (b. 1894) * December 15 – Eric Drummond, 7th Earl of Perth, British diplomat, 1st Secretary-General of the League of Nations (b. 1876) * December 19 ** Barton Yarborough, American actor (b. 1900) ** Umberto Cassuto, Italian rabbi and biblical scholar (b. 1883) * December 20 – Anton Durcovici, Austro-Hungarian born Romanian Roman Catholic bishop and blessed (b. 1888) * December 23 – Enrique Santos Discépolo, Argentine tango and milonga musician and composer (b. 1901) * December 24 – Raffaele Rossetti, Italian engineer and military naval officer (b. 1881) * December 31 – Maxim Litvinov, Russian revolutionary and Soviet diplomat (b. 1876)

Date unknown

* Ștefan Burileanu, Romanian general, engineer, inventor, and academic (b. 1874)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Edwin McMillan and Glenn T. Seaborg * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Max Theiler * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Pär Lagerkvist * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Léon Jouhaux

References

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