1933 In Aviation

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1933:

Events

* The United States Coast Guard requests authorization to construct its first cutters with a capability of carrying aircraft.
* Tokyo conducts its first blackout exercise.
* The Berliner-Joyce Aircraft Corporation is absorbed into North American Aviation.
* The Royal Air Force declares the Avro 504 obsolete after 20 years of service.

January

* January 2 – After modifications, HMS ''Courageous'' reenters service with the Royal Navy as the worlds first aircraft carrier equipped with hydraulically controlled arresting gear.
* January 2–3 – During the Battle of Shanhai Pass, a squadron of Imperial Japanese Army bombers provides close air support to Japanese Kwantung Army ground forces in action against the Nationalist Chinese National Revolutionary Army at the Shanhai Pass at the fortified eastern end of the Great Wall of China.
* January 7 – Bert Hinkler dies in the crash of his de Havilland Puss Moth on the north slope of the Pratomagno in Italy's Apennine Mountains on the first leg of his attempt to break the time record for a flight from the United Kingdom to Australia. His body is not found until 27 April.
* January 12 – Marcel Lalouette and Jean de Permangle fly a Farman F.231 from Istres, France, to Villa Cisneros, French West Africa in 22 hours, setting a new distance record by flying 2,700 kilometers (1,677 miles).
* January 16 – With aircraft manufacturer René Couzinet on board, Jean Mermoz and crew make a non-stop flight across the South Atlantic Ocean from Saint-Louis, Senegal, to Natal, Brazil, in 17 hours 27 minutes in the Couzinet 70 ''Arc-en-ciel III''.

February

* February 2 – Spartan Air Lines is formed to make use of the Spartan Cruiser airliner. The airline will begin flight operations on April 12.
* February 6–8 – Royal Air Force Squadron Leader Oswald Gayford and Flight Lieutenant Gilbert Nicholetts make the first non-stop flight from England to South Africa in a Fairey Long-range Monoplane. The flight is a new distance record and takes 57 hours 25 minutes.
* February 6–9 – Jim Mollison flies a de Havilland Puss Moth from England to Brazil, via Senegal, across the South Atlantic Ocean, making him the first person to fly solo across both the North and South Atlantic.
* February 25 – , the United States Navy's first ship designed from the outset as an aircraft carrier, is launched.

March

* March 28 – The Imperial Airways Armstrong Whitworth Argosy airliner ''City of Liverpool'' catches fire in the air over Belgium and crashes, killing the crew of three and all 12 passengers, the deadliest accident in the history of British civil aviation up to this date. The fire may have been started deliberately.
* March 31 – The Ford 4-AT-B Trimotor ''NC7686'', carrying members of the Winnipeg Toilers basketball team from Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, on a charter flight, crashes near Neodesha, Kansas, probably while attempting a forced landing in a field. The crash kills both crew members and five of the 11 passengers.

April

* April 1 – The Indian Air Force is formed.
* April 3
** Two British aircraft, the Westland PV-3 and Westland PV-6 piloted by Squadron Leader the Marquess of Clydesdale and Flight Lieutenant David MacIntyre, make the first flight over Mount Everest, sponsored by Lucy, Lady Houston.
** The Royal Air Force reinstates the squadron of nine to 12 planes as the basic organizational unit for its aircraft assigned to Royal Navy aircraft carriers, retaining the six-plane flight as the basic organizational unit only for aircraft assigned to operate from battleship and cruiser catapults.
* April 4 – The U.S. Navy dirigible crashes during a storm off the coast of New Jersey, killing 73 of its 76 crewmen. It is the worst aviation accident in history at the time, and no greater loss of life will occur in a single air crash until 1950.
* April 10 – Francesco Agello sets a new airspeed record of 682 km/h (424 mph) in the Italian Macchi M.C.72 seaplane.
* April 11 – Departing England on April 11 in the Avro Mark VIA Avian ''Southern Cross'', William N. "Bill" Lancaster begins an attempt to set a speed record for a flight to South Africa. He crashes in the Sahara Desert on April 12 and dies on April 20 while awaiting rescue. His mummified body and wrecked aircraft will not be discovered until February 1962.
* April 12
**Spartan Air Lines begins flight operations, offering service from Heston Aerodrome outside London to Cowes on the Isle of Wight using three Spartan Cruiser airliners.
** William Besler makes the first successful flight in a fixed-wing aircraft powered by a steam engine. The aircraft, a Travel Air 2000 biplane, is powered by an oil-fired, reversible 90°-angle V-twin angle-compound engine he and his brother George designed. The seven-minute trial flight is certified by the National Aeronautical Association.
* April 17 – At Oakland Municipal Airport in Oakland, California, George and William Besler unveil their aviation steam engine to the public for the first time, with William flying the steam-powered Travel Air 2000 in a public demonstration that consists of three flights totaling a combined 15 minutes in the air, banking over San Francisco Bay before returning to the airport. The engine is virtually silent, allowing William to call down to the crowd while passing over it at an altitude of 200 feet (61 meters). He reaches 100 mph (161 km/hr) and demonstrates the engine's braking power by reversing the propeller on landing and coming to a stop in only 100 feet (30.5 meters). Despite the engine's success and speculation by aviation reporters that steam engines could economically power the airplanes of the future, the Beslers make no further public flights and do not develop the engine further.
* April 19 – The U.S. Navy conducts the first mass seaplane flight from Oahu to French Frigate Shoals, a 759-mile flight. The aircraft return via the Gardner Pinnacles, completing the round trip in 8 hours 10 minutes.
* April 20 – George D. Besler and William J. Besler's prototype steam biplane, based on a Travel Air 2000, makes the first of several demonstration flights at Oakland airport in the San Francisco Bay Area.
* April 29 – The Nazi government in Germany forms the '' Reichsluftfahrtministerium'' ("Reich Aviation Ministry").
* April 30 – The first air service internal to Scotland, Renfrew– Campbeltown, begins, operated by Midland & Scottish Air Ferries Ltd. Winifred Drinkwater, "the world's first female commercial pilot", is hired to fly the route.

May

* Turkish Airlines is formed under the name "State Airlines".
* Erhard Milch, State Secretary of the German Reich Air Ministry, receives a major study of the future of a new German air force written by Dr. Robert Knauss. Knauss projects that the main threat to the reestablishment of Germany as a great power will be a preventive attack by France and Poland before Germany can fully rearm, and he recommends the creation of a force of 400 four-engined bombers which could deter such an attack with an ability to attack enemy population and industrial centers and destroy enemy morale.
* May 7–8 – Stanislaw Skarzynski flies the South Atlantic from Senegal to Brazil in a small single-seater tourist airplane RWD-5bis, in 20 hours 30 minutes, over a distance of . The RWD-5bis was the smallest plane to have ever flown the Atlantic - empty weight below 450 kg (990 lb), loaded 1100 kg. It is a part of 17,885 km Warsaw - Rio de Janeiro flight from April 27 to June 24.
* May 13 – The founder of the British Aircraft Company, Charles H. Lowe-Wylde, is killed while flying a British Aircraft Company#Powered aircraft, B.A.C. Planette at RAF West Malling, Maidstone Airport near West Malling, Kent, England.
* May 24 – French intercontinental aviation pioneer Ludovic Arrachart dies when his Caudron C.362 suffers engine failure during preliminary trails for the 1933 Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe race.
* May 29 – Flying a Potez 53, George Detré wins the 1933 Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe race, covering the 2,000-km (1,243-mile) two-stage closed-circuit course in 6 hours 11 minutes 45 seconds at an average speed of 322.81 km/hr (200.58 mph).1000aircraftphotos.com NICO BRAAS PHOTO No. 6820. Potez 53 ("10" c/n 5402)
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* May 31 – The first regular civil air service from Northern Ireland to Renfrew Airport in Glasgow, Scotland, begins.

June

* Flying the Northrop Gamma ''Texaco Sky Chief'', Frank Hawks sets a new west-to-east transcontinental airspeed record for a flight across the United States, flying from Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, California, to Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn, New York, Brooklyn, New York (state), New York, in 13 hours, 26 minutes, 15 seconds at an average speed of .

July

* Misr Airlines, which later will become Egyptair, begins flight operations, using de Havilland DH.84 Dragon airliners to serve Cairo, Alexandria, and Mersa Matruh.
* July 14–22 – Wiley Post, flying a Lockheed Vega, makes the first solo flight around the world. His flight begins and ends at Floyd Bennett Field in New York (state), New York, with stops at Berlin, Moscow, Irkutsk and Alaska - a total distance of .
* July 15–17 – Lithuanian-American pilots Steponas Darius and Stasys Girėnas fly nonstop 6,411 kilometers (4,043 miles) in the Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker ''Lituanica'' in an attempt to fly nonstop from New York City to Kaunas, Lithuania, but die when ''Lituanica'' crashes 650 kilometers (404 miles) short of Kaunas in Kuhdamm, Germany, on July 17 after 37 hours 11 minutes in the air.
* July 22 – British pilots Amy Johnson and Jim Mollison, flying de Havilland Dragon, de Havilland DH.84 Dragon I G-ACCV ''Seafarer'', begin the first non-stop flight from Great Britain to the United States, taking off from Pendine Sands in South Wales and crash landing at Bridgeport, Connecticut.

August

* The French Army's aviation branch, the ''Aéronautique Militaire'', becomes an independent service, the French Air Force (''Armée de l'Air'').
* August 4 – United States Navy Lieutenant Commander (United States), Lieutenant Commander Thomas G. W. Settle attempts to set a new human altitude record in ''A Century of Progress'', a 105-foot- (32-meter-) diameter, 600,000-cubic foot (16,990-cubic meter) balloon with a sealed and pressurized gondola. Launched from Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, his flight reaches only 5,000 feet (1,524 meters) and lasts only 15 minutes before the balloon sinks back to the ground because of a valve that sticks open.http://www.navalhistory.org/2010/11/20/world-record-flight Vaeth, Joseph Gordon, "When the Race for Space Began," ''Proceedings'', August 1963, reproduced at navalhistory.org Naval History Blog.
* August 5–7 – French aviators Maurice Rossi and Paul Codos fly the Blériot 110 ''Joseph le Brix'' from Floyd Bennett Field in New York City to Rayak in the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, establishing a new unrefueled distance record of 9,104 kilometers (5,654 miles).
* August 7 – One of the earliest Korean people, Korean female aviators, Park Kyung-won, dies in a plane crash near Hakone, Kanagawa, Hakone, Japan.
* August 11
**One of the largest bombers ever made, the Soviet Union's Kalinin K-7, makes its first flight.
** Boston-Maine Airways, the future Northeast Airlines, becomes a National Airways contract carrier.
* August 29 – The Transcontinental & Western Air Ford Trimotor, Ford 5-AT-B Trimotor ''NC9607'' flies into the side of Mesa Mountain near Quay, New Mexico, Quay, New Mexico, during a storm, killing all five people on board.

September

* September 2 – Italian aviator Francesco de Pinedo dies when his AviaBellanca Aircraft, Bellanca monoplane ''Santa Lucia'' crashes on takeoff at Floyd Bennett Field in New York City as he begins a flight to Baghdad in an attempt to set a new nonstop solo distance flight record of 6,300 miles (10,143 km).
* September 4 – The American aviator Florence Klingensmith dies in the crash of her Gee Bee Model Y Senior Sportster racer (tail number NR718Y) during the Frank Phillips (oil industrialist), Frank Phillips Trophy Race at Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, leading race organizers to ban women from future races.
* September 7 – The prototype of the French Dewoitine D.332 airliner, named ''Emeraude'' and registered as F-AMMY, sets a world record for an aircraft in its class by logging an average speed of 159.56 km/h (99.1 mph) over a 1,000-kilometer (621-mile) course carrying a useful load of 2,000 kilograms (4,410 pounds).
* September 7–8 – Six United States Navy Consolidated P2Y flying boats make a non-stop formation flight from Norfolk, Virginia, Norfolk, Virginia, to the Panama Canal, covering in 25 hours 20 minutes.
* September 24 – The Soviet sealed cabin balloon ''USSR-1'', intended to carry Georgi Prokofiev, Konstantin Gudenoff, and Ernest Birnbaum in an attempt to set a new altitude record for human flight, fails to launch on the first attempt at making the record flight.
* September 28 – Gustave Lemoine, using oxygen but had no pressure suit, sets a new world altitude record of 13,661 m (44,820 ft) in a Potez 506, unable to go higher because of Atmospheric icing, icing of his eyes as he sits in his open cockpit. His flight, made from Vélizy – Villacoublay Air Base, Villacoublay, France, lasts 2 hours 5 minutes.
* September 30 – The Soviet balloonists Georgi Prokofiev, Konstantin Gudenoff, and Ernest Birnbaum fly in the sealed cabin balloon ''USSR-1'' to an altitude of 62,230 feet (18,968 meters) in a flight of 8 hours 19 minutes, setting a new altitude record for human flight. Although the flight exceeds the previous record for human altitude – set by Auguste Piccard and Max Cosyns in 1932 in aviation#August, August 1932 – by 9,077 feet (2,767 meters), the ''Fédération Aéronautique Internationale'' (FAI) does not recognize the record as official because the Soviet Union is not an FAI member.

October

* Flying a Farman F.239, French aviators Jean Réginensi and André Bailly set three world airspeed records over distances of 100 kilometers (62.1 miles), 500 kilometers (310.5 miles), and 1,000 kilometers (621 miles).
* October 4 – The French aviators Jean Assolant and René Lefèvre take from Oran in French Algeria in the Bernard 81 GR ''L'Oiseau Canari II'', hoping to set a new unrefueled nonstop straight-line world distance record by flying to Saigon in French Indochina. Unexpectedly high fuel consumption puts the record out of reach, and they land in Karachi, having flown 6,600 km (4,099 mi) in 27 hours.
* October 4–11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith, in a Percival Gull, sets a new solo flight record between England and Australia of 7 days 4 hours 44 minutes.
* October 7 – Air France is formed by the merger of five French airline companies – Air Orient, Air Union, Compagnie Générale Aéropostale, Compagnie Internationale de Navigation Aérienne (CIDNA) and Société Générale des Transports Aériens (SGTA) – beginning operations with 250 planes.
* October 10 – 1933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion, A bomb destroys a United Airlines Boeing 247 in mid-air near Chesterton, Indiana, Chesterton, Indiana, during a transcontinental flight across the United States. killing all seven people on board. It is the first proven case of sabotage in civil aviation, although no suspect is ever identified.
* October 15 – The Rolls-Royce Merlin engine is started for the first time.
* October 18 – The American Ford 4-AT-B Trimotor ''NC4806'', operating over Nicaragua as an executive aircraft, crashes into Lake Managua from an altitude of 2,000 feet (610 meters), killing all three people on board.
* October 30
** Returning from a tour of Africa, the Couzinet 33 ''Biarritz'' crashes at Blaisy-Bas, France.
** During an air show at Amarillo, Texas, Amarillo, Texas, two aircraft belonging to a flying circus troupe collide over the city while flying through streamers dropped by a third aircraft. Four people aboard the two aircraft die.

November

* November 2 – The Government of Colombia issues a decree making the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce responsible for the regulation of civil aviation in Colombia.
* November 4 – The Brazilian airline VASP is established.
* November 7 – In the Soviet Union, the first air Airport terminal, terminal in what will one day be Belarus opens in Minsk in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
* November 20 – Ascending from Akron Municipal Airport in Akron, Ohio, Akron, Ohio, United States Navy Lieutenant Commander (United States), Lieutenant Commander Thomas G. W. Settle and United States Marine Corps Major (United States), Major Chester L. Fordney set a new official world altitude record for human flight in the balloon A Century of Progress'', reaching 61,237 feet (18,665 meters) before landing near Bridgeton, New Jersey, Bridgeton, New Jersey. The altitude is 993 feet (303 meters) lower than that reached by the Soviet balloon ''USSR-1'' in 1933 in aviation#September, September, but the ''Fédération Aéronautique Internationale'' (FAI) had not recognized the Soviet record because the Soviet Union is not an FAI member country.
* November 21 – The only completed Kalinin K-7, which had made its first flight only a little over three months before on 1933 in aviation#August, 11 August, crashes near Kharkov in the Soviet Union after one of its tail booms suffers a structural failure, killing 15 of the 20 people on board. Although two more K-7s are planned, neither is built before the project is cancelled in 1935 in aviation, 1935.

December

* December 1 – Indian National Airways commences the first daily service in India, between Calcutta and Dacca.
* December 13 – President of the United States, President Franklin D. Roosevelt makes Northwest Airways pilot Mal Freeburg the first recipient of the Air Mail Medal of Honor.
* December 19–23 – The ''Fédération Aéronautique Internationale''-sponsored Second International Aviation Meeting takes place in Egypt. The 32 competitors take part in three competitions – a 900-mile (1,450-km), two-day touring event called the "Circuit of the Oases;" a 230-mile (370-km) speed contest; and an "Oasis Trophy" competition in which the contestants compete for the trophy based on the number of point they scored in the other two events. Competitors are Handicapping, handicapped under an extremely complex scoring system that takes into account fuel consumption, speed of wing folding, comfort, picketing, take off and landing distances, luggage, engine starting, safety appliances, controls and instruments, refueling, ease of maintenance, and a safety criterion that requires them to shut their engines off at an altitude of 2,000 feet (610 meters) and glide to a landing.
* December 20–30 – Flying the Curtiss Thrush ''Outdoor Girl'', Helen Richey and Frances Harrell Marsalis employ aerial refueling to remain airborne continuously for 237 hours 43 minutes. They fall short of their goal of remaining in the air until January 1, 1934, but nonetheless shatter the previous continuous flight record of 196 hours set in August 1932 in aviation, 1932 by Marsalis and Louise Thaden.
* December 30 – The Imperial Airways Avro Ten ''Apollo'' (''G-ABLU'') strikes a radio mast and 1933 Imperial Airways Ruysselede crash, crashes at Ruysselede, Belgium, killing all 10 people on board. Albert I of Belgium, King Albert I of Belgium will award Camille van Hove, who is hospitalized with serious burns suffered while trying to rescue victims from the airliners wreckage, the Civic Decoration (Belgium), Civic Cross (1st Class).
* December 31
**The Latécoère 300 flying boat ''Croix du Sud'' ("Southern Cross") sets a world nonstop distance record for seaplanes, flying 3,697 kilometers (2,297 miles) from Étang de Berre, France to Saint-Louis, Senegal.
**The Government of Venezuela purchases the airline Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela after the Government of France stops subsidizing it.

First flights

* Avro Club Cadet, Avro 639 Cabin Cadet
* Arado Ar 67
* Farman F.270
* Farman F.380
* Kawasaki Ki-3
* Stinson Reliant

January

* Douglas XFD-1
* January 30 – Curtiss T-32 Condor II

February

* Aichi AB-6
* February 1 – Boeing XF6B, Boeing XF6B-1, later redesignated Boeing XBFB-1Angelucci, Enzo, ''The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present'', New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 86.
* February 6 – Kawanishi E7K (World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft, Allied reporting name "Alf")
* February 8 – Boeing 247
* February 10 – Hawker Demon
* February 19 – Vultee V-1

March

* March 1 – Consolidated P-30 (later PB-2)
* March 29 – Miles Hawk, Miles M.2 Hawk

April

* Cierva C.30
* April 10 – Airspeed Courier ''G-ABXN''
* April 21 –
* April 22 – Farman F.370
* April 26 – Potez 53
* April 29 – Latécoère 550

May

* Avro Club Cadet, Avro 638 Club Cadet
* Farman F.221
* Mitsubishi Ki-2 (World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft, Allied reporting name "Louise")
* Northrop Delta
* Stinson Model O
* May 4 – Grumman XJF-1, prototype of the Grumman JF Duck and Grumman J2F Duck, J2F Duck
* May 9 – Vought XF3U, Vought XF3U-1
* May 27 – De Havilland Leopard Moth

June

* Seversky SEV-3
* June 11 – Cessna CR-3
* June 21 – Supermarine Walrus
* June 23 – Couzinet 100

July

* Bloch MB.200
* Curtiss XF12C, first United States Navy fighter with folding wings
* July 1 – Douglas DC-1

August

* Avia B.534
* Short Scion
* August 11
** Blériot 5190
** Kalinin K-7
* August 14 – Tupolev ANT-14
* August 24 – Blackburn Shark

September

* September 10 – Mignet HM.14 ''Pou-du-Ciel''
* September 11 – Breguet 521, Breguet 521 Bizerte
* September 14 – Boeing XF7B, Boeing XF7B-1

October

* Polikarpov I-15
* October 6 – Pander S-4 Postjager
* October 11 – Blackburn Perth
* October 18 – Grumman XF2F-1, Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, Grummans first single-seat, enclosed-cockpit aircraft and prototype of the Grumman F2F

November

* Focke-Wulf Fw 56
* Between November 11 and 18 – Couzinet 101
* November 14 – Potez 54, prototype of the Potez 540

December

* Curtiss XF13C-2, prototype of the biplane version of the Curtiss XF13C
* Farman F.1020
* Mitsubishi Ki-7 (World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft, Allied reporting name "Pine")
* Yokosuka K5Y (World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft, Allied reporting name "Willow")
* December 18 – Northrop XFT
* December 31 – Polikarpov I-16

Entered service

* Arado Ar 65 with the still-secret German ''Luftwaffe''
* Arado Ar 66 with the still-secret German ''Luftwaffe''
* Avro Tutor, Avro 621 Tutor with the Royal Air Force
* Avro Club Cadet, Avro 638 Club Cadet
* Fairey Fox, Avion Fairey Fox IIM with the Belgian Air Force
* Berliner-Joyce OJ, Berliner-Joyce OJ-2 with United States Navy Scouting Squadrons VS-5, 5 (VS-5B) and VS-6, 6 (VS-6B)
* Levasseur PL.15 with French Naval Aviation aboard the seaplane carrier ''French seaplane carrier Commandant Teste, Commandant Teste''
* PZL P.7a with the Polish Air Force
* Yokosuka K4Y with the Imperial Japanese Navy
* Early 1933 – Westland Wallace with the Royal Air Force

February

* Curtiss F11C Goshawk with United States Navy VF-1, Fighter Squadron 1 (VF-1B) aboard , the last Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company, Curtiss fighter to enter service with the U.S. Navy

June

* June 21 – Grumman FF with the U.S. Navy

August

* Saro Cloud with the Royal Air Force

November

* November 14 – Handley Page Heyford, the last Royal Air Force biplane heavy bomber, with No. 99 Squadron RAF, No. 99 Squadron

December

* Stinson Model O with the National Aviation School, forerunner of the Honduran Air Force

Retirements

* Curtiss F7C Seahawk by the United States Marine CorpsAngelucci, Enzo, ''The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present'', New York: Orion Books, 1987, , p. 138.

September

*Avro Antelope, Avro 604 Antelope by the Royal Air Force

References

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1933 in aviation,
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