Events
January
![LocationPhilippines](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/LocationPhilippines.png)
*
January 11
Events Pre-1600
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
* 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muha ...
– Sir
Charles Kingsford Smith
Sir Charles Edward Kingsford Smith (9 February 18978 November 1935), nicknamed Smithy, was an Australian aviation pioneer. He piloted the first transpacific flight and the first flight between Australia and New Zealand.
Kingsford Smith was b ...
makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand.
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
*38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
– The
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
votes in favour of
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
independence, against the wishes of U.S. President
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gr ...
.
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...
– "
Pakistan Declaration
The "Pakistan Declaration''"'' (titled ''Now or Never'') was a 1933 pamphlet by Rahmat Ali. It was presented to the delegates of the Third Round Table Conference on 28 January 1933, in which the term ''Pakstan'' (without the letter "i") was p ...
":
Choudhry Rahmat Ali
Chaudhry Rahmat Ali (; ur, ; 16 November 1897 – 3 February 1951) was a Pakistani nationalist who was one of the earliest proponents of the creation of the state of Pakistan. He is credited with creating the name "Pakistan" for a separate M ...
publishes (in
Cambridge
Cambridge ( ) is a College town, university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cam ...
, UK) a pamphlet entitled ''Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?'', in which he calls for the creation of a Muslim state in northwest India that he calls "
Pakstan"; this influences the
Pakistan Movement
The Pakistan Movement ( ur, , translit=Teḥrīk-e-Pākistān) was a political movement in the first half of the 20th century that aimed for the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British India. It was connected to the per ...
.
*
January 30
**
National Socialist German Workers Party
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported t ...
leader
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
is appointed
Chancellor of Germany by President of Germany
Paul von Hindenburg
Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (; abbreviated ; 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany fr ...
.
**
Édouard Daladier
Édouard Daladier (; 18 June 1884 – 10 October 1970) was a French Radical-Socialist (centre-left) politician, and the Prime Minister of France who signed the Munich Agreement before the outbreak of World War II.
Daladier was born in Carpe ...
forms a government in France in succession to
Joseph Paul-Boncour. He is succeeded on October 26 by
Albert Sarraut
Albert-Pierre Sarraut (; 28 July 1872 – 26 November 1962) was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic.
Biography
Sarraut was born on 28 July 1872 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France.
On 14 March 1907 Sarraut ...
and on November 26 by
Camille Chautemps.
February
![Reichstagsbrand](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Reichstagsbrand.jpg)
*
February 1 –
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
gives his "Proclamation to the German People" in Berlin.
*
February 3 – Adolf Hitler gives a secret speech to his military leaders, outlining his plans to rearm Germany in defiance of the
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (french: Traité de Versailles; german: Versailler Vertrag, ) was the most important of the peace treaties of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June ...
, and to adopt a policy of ''
Lebensraum
(, ''living space'') is a German concept of settler colonialism, the philosophy and policies of which were common to German politics from the 1890s to the 1940s. First popularized around 1901, '' lso in:' became a geopolitical goal of Imper ...
'' in eastern Europe.
*
February 5 – A
mutiny starts on the
Royal Netherlands Navy coastal defence ship
Coastal defence ships (sometimes called coastal battleships or coast defence ships) were warships built for the purpose of coastal defence, mostly during the period from 1860 to 1920. They were small, often cruiser-sized warships that sacrifi ...
''De Zeven Provinciën'' in the
Dutch East Indies. After 6 days, it is bombed by a Dutch aircraft, killing 23 men, and the remaining mutineers surrender.
*
February 6–
7 – Officers on the
USS ''Ramapo'' record a 34-meter high sea-wave in the Pacific Ocean.
*
February 9
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
* 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland.
*1539 – The first recorded race is held ...
–
The King and Country debate: The
Oxford Union
The Oxford Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Oxford Union, is a debating society in the city of Oxford England, whose membership is drawn primarily from the University of Oxford. Founded in 1823, it is one of Britain's oldest ...
student debating society in England passes a resolution stating, "That this House will in no circumstances fight for its King and country."
*
February 10
Events Pre-1600
* 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end.
* 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, spar ...
– The New York City-based Postal Telegraph Company introduces the first
singing telegram
A singing telegram is a message that is delivered by an artist in a musical form. Singing telegrams are historically linked to normal telegrams, but tend to be humorous. Sometimes the artist is in costume or formal clothing.
Western Union, the Am ...
.
*
February 15 – In
Miami
Miami ( ), officially the City of Miami, known as "the 305", "The Magic City", and "Gateway to the Americas", is a coastal metropolis and the county seat of Miami-Dade County in South Florida, United States. With a population of 442,241 at ...
,
Giuseppe Zangara
Giuseppe Zangara (September 7, 1900 – March 20, 1933) was an Italian immigrant and naturalized United States citizen who attempted to assassinate the President-elect of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, on February 15, 1933, 17 ...
attempts to assassinate President-elect
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
, but instead fatally wounds the
Mayor of Chicago,
Anton Cermak
Anton Joseph Cermak ( cs, Antonín Josef Čermák, ; May 9, 1873 – March 6, 1933) was an American politician who served as the 44th mayor of Chicago, Illinois from April 7, 1931 until his death on March 6, 1933. He was killed by an assassin, ...
.
*
February 17 – The
Blaine Act
The Blaine Act, formally titled Joint Resolution Proposing the Twenty-First Amendment to the United States Constitution, is a joint resolution adopted by the United States Congress on February 20, 1933, initiating repeal of the 18th Amendment to ...
passes the
United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and pow ...
, submitting the proposed
Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution to the states for ratification. The amendment is ratified on December 5, ending
prohibition in the United States.
*
February 27 –
Reichstag fire: Germany's parliament building in Berlin, the
Reichstag building, is set on fire under controversial circumstances. The following day, the
Reichstag Fire Decree
The Reichstag Fire Decree (german: Reichstagsbrandverordnung) is the common name of the Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of People and State (german: Verordnung des Reichspräsidenten zum Schutz von Volk und Staat) issued by Germ ...
is passed in response to the Reichstag fire, nullifying many German civil liberties.
*
February 28 –
English cricket team in Australia in 1932–33
A cricket team representing England toured Australia in the 1932–33 season. The tour was organised by the Marylebone Cricket Club and matches outside the Tests were played under the MCC name. The tour included five Test matches in Australia, ...
: The
England cricket team
The England cricket team represents England and Wales in international cricket. Since 1997, it has been governed by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), having been previously governed by Marylebone Cricket Club (the MCC) since 1903. Engl ...
wins
The Ashes
The Ashes is a Test cricket series played between England and Australia. The term originated in a satirical obituary published in a British newspaper, '' The Sporting Times'', immediately after Australia's 1882 victory at The Oval, its first ...
using the controversial
bodyline
Bodyline, also known as fast leg theory bowling, was a cricketing tactic devised by the English cricket team for their 1932–33 Ashes tour of Australia. It was designed to combat the extraordinary batting skill of Australia's leading batsman ...
tactic.
March
*
March 3
Events Pre-1600
* 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan.
* 1575 & ...
-
1933 Sanriku earthquake
The occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. The associated tsunami caused widespread devastation.
Earthquake
The epicenter was located offshore, east of the city of K ...
: A powerful earthquake and
tsunami
A tsunami ( ; from ja, 津波, lit=harbour wave, ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater exp ...
hit
Honshū, Japan, killing approximately 3,000 people.
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
**
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
(FDR) is
sworn in as the 32nd president of the United States, beginning his "
first 100 days". In reference to the
Great Depression, he proclaims "The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself" in his inauguration speech. It is the last time
Inauguration Day
The inauguration of the president of the United States is a ceremony to mark the commencement of a new four-year term of the president of the United States. During this ceremony, between 73 to 79 days after the presidential election, the pres ...
in the United States occurs on March 4.
** The
Parliament of Austria
The Austrian Parliament (german: Österreichisches Parlament) is the bicameral federal legislature of the Austrian Republic. It consists of two chambers – the National Council and the Federal Council. In specific cases, both houses convene ...
is suspended because of a quibble over procedure;
Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss
Engelbert Dollfuß (alternatively: ''Dolfuss'', ; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian clerical fascist politician who served as Chancellor of Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ...
initiates authoritarian rule by decree, an origin of
Austrofascism
The Fatherland Front ( de-AT, Vaterländische Front, ''VF'') was the right-wing conservative, nationalist and corporatist ruling political organisation of the Federal State of Austria. It claimed to be a nonpartisan
Nonpartisanism is a lack ...
.
*
March 5
** The
Great Depression: President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
declares a "
Bank holiday", closing all United States banks and freezing all financial transactions (the 'holiday' ends on
March 13
Events Pre-1600
*624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh.
*1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War.
*1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
).
**
March 1933 German federal election
Federal elections were held in Germany on 5 March 1933, after the Nazis lawfully acquired power pursuant to the terms of Weimar Constitution on 30 January 1933 and just six days after the Reichstag fire. Nazi stormtroopers had unleashed a wides ...
:
National Socialists
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...
gain 43.9% of the votes.
*
March 7 – The real-estate trading board game ''
Monopoly
A monopoly (from Greek el, μόνος, mónos, single, alone, label=none and el, πωλεῖν, pōleîn, to sell, label=none), as described by Irving Fisher, is a market with the "absence of competition", creating a situation where a speci ...
'' is invented in the United States.
*
March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...
– The 6.4
Long Beach earthquake shakes
Southern California
Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. It includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the second most populous urban a ...
with a maximum
Mercalli intensity
The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...
of VIII (''Severe''), killing 115 people.
*
March 12 –
Great Depression:
Franklin Delano Roosevelt addresses the nation for the first time as President of the United States, in the first of his "
Fireside chats
The fireside chats were a series of evening radio addresses given by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd President of the United States, between 1933 and 1944. Roosevelt spoke with familiarity to millions of Americans about recovery from the Great De ...
".
*
March 14 – Indonesian Association football club
Persib Bandung
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Bandung ( 'Indonesian Football Association of Bandung'), commonly referred to as Persib Bandung, or simply Persib, is a professional football club based in Bandung, West Java, which competes in Liga 1, the to ...
is founded as Bandoeng Inlandsche Voetbal Bond.
*
March 15
Events Pre-1600
*474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce.
* 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place.
* 493 – Odo ...
** The
Dow Jones Industrial Average
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Dow Jones, or simply the Dow (), is a stock market index of 30 prominent companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States.
The DJIA is one of the oldest and most commonly followed equity inde ...
rises from 53.84 to 62.10. The day's gain of 15.34%, achieved during the depths of the Great Depression, remains the largest 1-day percentage gain for the index.
** Austrian Chancellor
Engelbert Dollfuss
Engelbert Dollfuß (alternatively: ''Dolfuss'', ; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian clerical fascist politician who served as Chancellor of Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ...
keeps members of the
National Council from convening, starting the
Austrofascist dictatorship.
*
March 20
Events Pre-1600
* 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka.
* 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 1600 – The Link ...
**
Dachau, the first
Nazi concentration camp, is completed in Germany (it opens
March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthelr ...
to hold political prisoners).
** First of a series of meetings in the United States called by Jewish organizations calling for an international
anti-Nazi boycott in response to the persecution of German Jews.
**
Giuseppe Zangara
Giuseppe Zangara (September 7, 1900 – March 20, 1933) was an Italian immigrant and naturalized United States citizen who attempted to assassinate the President-elect of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, on February 15, 1933, 17 ...
, the attempted assassin of
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
, is executed by the
electric chair
An electric chair is a device used to execute an individual by electrocution. When used, the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes fastened on the head and leg. This execution method, ...
.
*
March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthelr ...
– President Franklin Roosevelt signs an amendment to the Volstead Act known as the
Cullen–Harrison Act
The Cullen–Harrison Act, named for its sponsors, Senator Pat Harrison and Representative Thomas H. Cullen, enacted by the United States Congress on March 21, 1933, and signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt the following day, legalized the ...
, allowing the manufacture and sale of "3.2 beer" (3.2% alcohol by weight, approximately 4% alcohol by volume) and light wines.
*
March 23
Events Pre-1600
*1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official.
*1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last rel ...
– ''
Gleichschaltung'': The ''
Reichstag'' passes the
Enabling Act
An enabling act is a piece of legislation by which a legislative body grants an entity which depends on it (for authorization or legitimacy) the power to take certain actions. For example, enabling acts often establish government agencies to carr ...
, making
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
dictator
A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute power. A dictatorship is a state ruled by one dictator or by a small clique. The word originated as the title of a Roman dictator elected by the Roman Senate to rule the republic in tim ...
of Germany, curbing its own power.
*
March 27
Events Pre-1600
*1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.
* 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– Japan announces it will leave the
League of Nations
The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...
(due to a cancellation period of exactly two years, the egression becomes effective March 27, 1935).
*
March 29
Events Pre-1600
* 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.
* 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...
– Welsh journalist
Gareth Jones makes the first report in the West of the
Holodomor famine-genocide in Ukraine.
*
March 31 – The
Civilian Conservation Corps
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a voluntary government work relief program that ran from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men ages 18–25 and eventually expanded to ages 17–28. The CCC was a major part of ...
is established, with the mission of relieving rampant unemployment in the United States.
April
*
April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
– The recently elected
Nazis
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in N ...
(under
Julius Streicher
Julius Streicher (12 February 1885 – 16 October 1946) was a member of the Nazi Party, the ''Gauleiter'' (regional leader) of Franconia and a member of the '' Reichstag'', the national legislature. He was the founder and publisher of the virul ...
) organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany.
*
April 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. J ...
– As a member of the
English cricket team touring New Zealand, 1933, batsman
Wally Hammond
Walter Reginald Hammond (19 June 1903 – 1 July 1965) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Gloucestershire in a career that lasted from 1920 to 1951. Beginning as a professional, he later became an amateur and was appointed cap ...
scores a record 336 runs in a test match at
Eden Park,
Auckland
Auckland (pronounced ) ( mi, Tāmaki Makaurau) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. The most populous urban area in the country and the fifth largest city in Oceania, Auckland has an urban population of about ...
.
*
April 3
Events Pre-1600
* 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul.
*1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
*1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created.
* ...
** An anti-monarchist rebellion occurs in Siam (
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
).
** The first flight over
Mount Everest
Mount Everest (; Tibetic languages, Tibetan: ''Chomolungma'' ; ) is List of highest mountains on Earth, Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border ru ...
is made by the British
Houston-Mount Everest Flight Expedition, led by the
Marquis of Clydesdale, and funded by
Lucy, Lady Houston
Dame Fanny Lucy Houston, Lady Houston, Baroness Byron ( Radmall; 8 April 1857 – 29 December 1936) was a British philanthropist, political activist and suffragist.
Beginning in 1933, she published the '' Saturday Review'', which was best kn ...
.
*
April 4 – American airship ''
Akron
Akron () is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Summit County. It is located on the western edge of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau, about south of downtown Cleveland. As of the 2020 Census, the city ...
'' crashes off the coast of
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
, killing 73 of its 76 crewmen. It is the worst aviation accident in history up to this date (and until
1950
Events January
* January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed.
* January 5 – Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 ...
).
*
April 5
** The
International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice (ICJ; french: Cour internationale de justice, links=no; ), sometimes known as the World Court, is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN). It settles disputes between states in accordanc ...
in
The Hague
The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital o ...
decides that
Greenland
Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland i ...
belongs to Denmark, and condemns
Norwegian landings on eastern Greenland. Norway submits to the decision.
**
President of the United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
declares a national emergency and issues
Executive Order 6102
Executive Order 6102 is an executive order signed on April 5, 1933, by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt "forbidding the hoarding of gold coin, gold bullion, and gold certificates within the continental United States." The executive order w ...
, making it illegal for U.S. citizens to own substantial amounts of monetary gold or
bullion.
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
** Sale of some beer is legalized in the United States under the Cullen-Harrison Act of March 22, eight months before the full repeal of
Prohibition
Prohibition is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcohol ...
in December.
** The
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service is passed in Germany, the first law of the new regime directed against Jews (as well as political opponents).
*
April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
*1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
*1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrare ...
– Aviator
Bill Lancaster
William Henry Lancaster (November 17, 1947 – January 4, 1997) was an American screenwriter and actor.
Early life
He was born November 17, 1947, in Los Angeles, California, the son of Burt Lancaster (1913–1994) and Norma Anderson (1917–198 ...
takes off from Lympne in England, in an attempt to make a speed record to the
Cape of Good Hope, but vanishes (his body is not found in the
Sahara Desert
, photo = Sahara real color.jpg
, photo_caption = The Sahara taken by Apollo 17 astronauts, 1972
, map =
, map_image =
, location =
, country =
, country1 =
, ...
until
1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wor ...
).
*
April 13 – The
Children and Young Persons Act is passed in the
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
.
*
April 21 –
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
outlaws the
kosher ritual
shechita
In Judaism, ''shechita'' (anglicized: ; he, ; ; also transliterated ''shehitah, shechitah, shehita'') is slaughtering of certain mammals and birds for food according to ''kashrut''.
Sources
states that sheep and cattle should be slaughtere ...
.
*
April 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty).
*1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...
**
Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany
Jehovah's Witnesses suffered religious persecution in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945 after refusing to perform military service, join Nazi organizations, or give allegiance to the Hitler regime. An estimated 10,000 Witnesses—half of the num ...
begins with seizure of the Bible Students' office in
Magdeburg
Magdeburg (; nds, label=Low Saxon, Meideborg ) is the capital and second-largest city of the German state Saxony-Anhalt. The city is situated at the Elbe river.
Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the Archdiocese of Magdebu ...
.
** Jewish physicians in Nazi Germany are excluded from official insurance schemes, forcing many to give up their practices.
*
April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
*1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 1 ...
** The
Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one orga ...
secret police
Secret police (or political police) are intelligence, security or police agencies that engage in covert operations against a government's political, religious, or social opponents and dissidents. Secret police organizations are characteristic of ...
is established in Nazi Germany by
Hermann Göring
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; ; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1 ...
.
** Editors of the ''
Harvard Lampoon
''The Harvard Lampoon'' is an undergraduate humor publication founded in 1876 by seven undergraduates at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Overview
The ''Harvard Lampoon'' publication was founded in 1876 by seven undergraduates ...
'' steal the
Sacred Cod of Massachusetts from the State House (it is returned two days later).
*
April 27 – The
Stahlhelm veterans' organization joins the
Nazi
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...
party in Germany.
May
*
May 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
*1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
* 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
** ''
Gleichschaltung'':
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
prohibits
trade union
A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits ...
s.
** The first alleged modern sighting of the
Loch Ness Monster
The Loch Ness Monster ( gd, Uilebheist Loch Nis), affectionately known as Nessie, is a creature in Scottish folklore that is said to inhabit Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands. It is often described as large, long-necked, and with one or mor ...
occurs.
*
May 3
Events Pre-1600
* 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne.
* 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties.
...
** In the
Irish Free State
The Irish Free State ( ga, Saorstát Éireann, , ; 6 December 192229 December 1937) was a state established in December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921. The treaty ended the three-year Irish War of Independence between ...
,
Dáil Éireann abolishes the
oath of allegiance to the
British Crown.
**
Nellie Tayloe Ross becomes the first woman to be named director of the
United States Mint
The United States Mint is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury responsible for producing coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce, as well as controlling the movement of bullion. It does not produce paper money; tha ...
.
*
May 5
Events Pre-1600
* 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
*1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.
*1260 – Kub ...
– The detection by
Karl Jansky of radio waves from the center of the
Milky Way
The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes our Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. ...
Galaxy is reported in ''The New York Times''. The discovery leads to the birth of
radio astronomy
Radio astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies. The first detection of radio waves from an astronomical object was in 1933, when Karl Jansky at Bell Telephone Laboratories reported radiation comin ...
.
*
May 8 –
Mohandas Gandhi begins a 3-week
hunger strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance in which participants fast as an act of political protest, or to provoke a feeling of guilt in others, usually with the objective to achieve a specific goal, such as a policy change. Most ...
, because of the mistreatment of the lower castes in
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
.
*
May 10 –
Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...
declares war on
Bolivia.
*
May 17
Events Pre-1600
*1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army.
*1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
* 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
–
Vidkun Quisling
Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (, ; 18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945) was a Norwegian military officer, politician and Nazi collaborator who nominally list of heads of government of Norway, headed the government of Norway during t ...
and
Johan Bernhard Hjort
Johan Bernhard Hjort (25 February 1895 – 24 February 1969) was a Norwegian supreme court lawyer. Having joined the law firm of Harald Nørregaard in 1932, he continued the firm after World War II as Advokatfirmaet Hjort, which today is one o ...
form the
Nasjonal Samling
Nasjonal Samling (, NS; ) was a Norwegian far-right political party active from 1933 to 1945. It was the only legal party of Norway from 1942 to 1945. It was founded by former minister of defence Vidkun Quisling and a group of supporters such ...
(the National-Socialist Party) of Norway.
*
May 18
Events Pre-1600
* 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople.
* 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of ...
–
New Deal: President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs an act creating the
Tennessee Valley Authority
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally owned electric utility corporation in the United States. TVA's service area covers all of Tennessee, portions of Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, and small areas of Georgia, North Carolin ...
.
*
May 26
Events Pre-1600
* 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe.
* 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire tak ...
– The
Nazi
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...
Party in Germany introduces a law to legalize
eugenic
Eugenics ( ; ) is a fringe set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population. Historically, eugenicists have attempted to alter human gene pools by excluding people and groups judged to be inferior or ...
sterilization.
*
May 27
**
New Deal in the United States: The
Federal Securities Act is signed into law, requiring the registration of securities with the
Federal Trade Commission.
** The ''
Century of Progress
A Century of Progress International Exposition, also known as the Chicago World's Fair, was a world's fair held in the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States, from 1933 to 1934. The fair, registered under the Bureau International des Expositi ...
''
World's Fair
A world's fair, also known as a universal exhibition or an expo, is a large international exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world at a specif ...
opens in Chicago.
June
* June – The
Holodomor famine-genocide in
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
reaches its peak, with 30,000 deaths from man-made starvation each day. The average life expectancy for a Ukrainian male born this year is 7.3 years.
*
June 5 – The
U.S. Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washin ...
abrogates the United States' use of the
gold standard
A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold. The gold standard was the basis for the international monetary system from the 1870s to the early 1920s, and from the l ...
, by enacting a joint resolution nullifying the right of creditors to demand payment in gold.
*
June 6 – The first
drive-in movie theater
A drive-in theater or drive-in cinema is a form of cinema structure consisting of a large outdoor movie screen, a projection booth, a concession stand, and a large parking area for automobiles. Within this enclosed area, customers can view movie ...
opens in
Pennsauken Township, near
Camden, New Jersey.
*
June 12
Events Pre-1600
* 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
* 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...
– The
London Economic Conference
The London Economic Conference was a meeting of representatives of 66 nations from June 12 to July 27, 1933 at the Geological Museum in London. Its purpose was to win agreement on measures to fight the Great Depression, revive international trade, ...
is held.
*
June 17
Events Pre-1600
* 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
*1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...
–
Union Station massacre: In
Kansas City, Missouri,
Pretty Boy Floyd
Charles Arthur Floyd (February 3, 1904 – October 22, 1934), nicknamed Pretty Boy Floyd, was an American bank robber. He operated in the West and Central states, and his criminal exploits gained widespread press coverage in the 1930s. He was s ...
kills an FBI agent, 3 local police, and the person they intended to rescue, captured bank robber
Frank Nash
Frank Nash (February 6, 1887 – June 17, 1933) was an American bank robber, and has been called "the most successful bank robber in U.S. history." He is most noted for his violent death in the Kansas City Massacre. Nash spent part of his child ...
.
*
June 21 – All non-
Nazi
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...
political parties are forbidden in Germany.
[
* ]June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
– Wilmersdorfer Tennishallen delegates convene in Berlin to protest against the persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany
Jehovah's Witnesses suffered religious persecution in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945 after refusing to perform military service, join Nazi organizations, or give allegiance to the Hitler regime. An estimated 10,000 Witnesses—half of the num ...
.
* June 26
Events Pre-1600
* 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius.
* 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar.
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat fr ...
– The ''American Totalisator Company'' unveils its first electronic pari-mutuel betting machine, at the Arlington Park
Arlington International Racecourse (formerly Arlington Park, the name was Arlington Park Jockey Club from as soon as 1948 up to 1955) was a horse race track in the Chicago suburb of Arlington Heights, Illinois. Horse racing in the Chicago reg ...
race track near Chicago and the founding of 20th Century Pictures.
July
* July 1
** The London Passenger Transport Board
The London Passenger Transport Board was the organisation responsible for local public transport in London and its environs from 1933 to 1948. In common with all London transport authorities from 1933 to 2000, the public name and brand was Lond ...
begins operation.
** Business Plot
The Business Plot (also called the Wall Street Putsch and The White House Putsch) was an alleged political conspiracy in 1933, in the United States to overthrow the government of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and install Smedley Butler as di ...
: Smedley Butler
Major general (United States), Major General Smedley Darlington Butler (July 30, 1881June 21, 1940), nicknamed the "Maverick Marine", was a senior United States Marine Corps Officer (armed forces), officer who fought in the Philippine–American ...
becomes involved in a coup attempt led by Gerald MacGuire against President of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt which fails (according to his own testimony in 1934).
* July 4
Events Pre-1600
*362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaime ...
– Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist Quote: "... marks Gandhi as a hybrid cosmopolitan figure who transformed ... anti- ...
is sentenced to prison in India.
* July 6
Events Pre-1600
* 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility.
* 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt ...
– The first Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The Major League Baseball All-Star Game, also known as the "Midsummer Classic", is an annual professional baseball game sanctioned by Major League Baseball (MLB) and contested between the all-stars from the American League (AL) and National ...
is played at Comiskey Park in Chicago.
* July 8 – The first rugby union
Rugby union, commonly known simply as rugby, is a close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In it ...
test match Test match in some sports refers to a sporting contest between national representative teams and may refer to:
* Test cricket
* Test match (indoor cricket)
* Test match (rugby union)
* Test match (rugby league)
* Test match (association football)
...
is played between the Wallabies of Australia and the Springboks of South Africa, at Newlands in Cape Town
Cape Town ( af, Kaapstad; , xh, iKapa) is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second largest ...
.
* July 14
Events Pre-1600
* 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy.
* 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II.
* 142 ...
– In Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
:
** Formation of new political parties is forbidden.[
** The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring is enacted, allowing ]compulsory sterilization
Compulsory sterilization, also known as forced or coerced sterilization, is a government-mandated program to involuntarily sterilize a specific group of people. Sterilization removes a person's capacity to reproduce, and is usually done throug ...
of citizens suffering from a list of alleged genetic disorders
A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome. It can be caused by a mutation in a single gene (monogenic) or multiple genes (polygenic) or by a chromosomal abnormality. Although polygenic disorders ...
.
* July 15
Events Pre-1600
*484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome
* 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. ( 17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar).
* 756 – ...
** The Four-Power Pact is signed by Britain, France, Germany and Italy.
** The Left Opposition, International Left Opposition (ILO) is renamed the International Communist League (ICL).
* July 20 – Reichskonkordat: Vatican state secretary Eugenio Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII) signs an accord with Germany.
* July 22
** Wiley Post becomes the first person to fly solo around the world, landing at Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn, New York, after traveling eastabout in 7 days 18 hours 45 minutes.
** "Machine Gun Kelly" and Albert Bates (criminal), Albert Bates kidnap Charles Urschel, an Oklahoma oilman, and demand $200,000 ransom.
August
* August 1 – The Blue Eagle emblem of the National Recovery Administration in the United States is displayed publicly for the first time.
* August 2 – The Stalin White Sea–Baltic Canal, a 227 km ship canal constructed using forced labour in the Soviet Union, opens, connecting the White Sea with Lake Onega and the Baltic Sea, Baltic.
* August 7 – Simele massacre: More than 3,000 Assyrian people, Assyrian Iraqis are killed by Iraqi government troops.
* August 12 – Winston Churchill makes his first speech publicly warning of the dangers of German rearmament.
* August 14 – Loggers cause a forest fire in the Oregon Coast Range, Coast Range of Oregon, later known as the first forest fire of the Tillamook Burn. It is extinguished on September 5, after destroying .
* August 25 – The 1933 Diexi earthquake, Diexi earthquake shakes Mao County, Sichuan, China and kills 9,000 people.
* August 30 – German-Jewish philosopher Theodor Lessing is shot in Marienbad (Mariánské Lázně), Czechoslovakia, dying the following day.
September
* September 12
** Alejandro Lerroux forms a new government in Spain.
** Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury, conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.
* September 26 – A 1933 Tampico hurricane, hurricane destroys the town of Tampico, Mexico.
October
* October 1 – Engelbert Dollfuss
Engelbert Dollfuß (alternatively: ''Dolfuss'', ; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian clerical fascist politician who served as Chancellor of Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ...
, leader of the Fatherland's Front in Austria, is seriously injured in a failed assassination attempt.
* October 7 – Air France is formed by the merger of five French airline companies, beginning operations with 250 planes.
* October 10 – 1933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion: A bomb destroys a United Airlines Boeing 247 on a transcontinental flight in mid-air near Chesterton, Indiana, killing all 7 on board, in the first proven case of sabotage in civil aviation, although no suspect is ever identified.
* October 12 – The United States Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz is acquired by the United States Department of Justice, which plans to incorporate the island into its Federal Bureau of Prisons as a Prison, penitentiary.
* October 13 – The British Interplanetary Society is founded.
* October 14 – Germany announces its withdrawal from the League of Nations
The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...
and the World Disarmament Conference, after the U.S., the U.K. and France deny its request to increase its defense armaments under the Versailles Treaty.
* October 14–October 16, 16 – The Constitution of Estonia#Second Constitution (1934–1938), new constitution of Estonia is approved only on the October 1933 Estonian constitutional referendum, third consecutive referendum.
* October 16 – Parricides committed in the United States by Victor Licata lead to calls for the legal prohibition of Cannabis (drug), cannabis.
* October 17 – Scientist Albert Einstein arrives in the United States, where he settles permanently as a refugee from Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
, and takes up a position at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey.
November
* November 5 – Spanish Basque people 1933 Basque autonomy referendum, vote for autonomy.
* November 8 – New Deal: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
unveils the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million of the unemployed.
* November 11 – Dust Bowl: In South Dakota, a very strong dust storm ("the great black blizzard") strips topsoil from desiccated farmlands (one of a series of disastrous dust storms this year).
* November 12 – Japan Precision Optical Industry, predecessor of the global Canon Inc., Canon camera and photocopier brand is founded in Japan.
* November 16
** The United States and the Soviet Union establish formal diplomacy, diplomatic relations.
** American aviator Jimmie Angel becomes the first foreigner to see the Angel Falls in Venezuela (they are named after him).
* November 19 – Second Spanish Republic: General elections result in victory by the right-wing parties.
* November 22 – The Fujian People's Government is declared in Fujian Province, China.
December
* December 5 – The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, repealing Prohibition
Prohibition is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcohol ...
.
* December 15 – The 21st Amendment officially goes into effect, making alcohol legal in the United States.
* December 17 - The 1933 NFL Championship Game, first NFL Championship game in American football is played. The Chicago Bears defeat the New York Giants 23-21.
* December 21
** Dominion of Newfoundland, Newfoundland returns to Crown colony status, following financial collapse.[
** The British Plastics Federation (the oldest in the world) is founded.
* December 23 – Lagny-Pomponne rail accident: A train crash in Lagny, Oise, Lagny, France kills over 200.
* December 26
** The Nissan Motors, Nissan Motor Company is organized in Tokyo, Japan.
** Frequency modulation, FM radio is patented.
* December 29 – Members of the Iron Guard assassinate Ion Gheorghe Duca, prime minister of Romania.
]
Date unknown
* Turkey concludes a treaty with the creditors of the former Ottoman Empire to schedule the payments in Paris (Turkey succeeds in clearing all the debt in less than twenty years).
* The first dated Inter-School Christian Fellowship group is started in Australia at North Sydney Boys High School, with the group continuing into the 21st century.
* The ''Adélaïde Concerto'', a spurious work attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, is published as "edited" (actually composed) by Marius Casadesus.
Births
January
* January 1 – Joe Orton, English playwright (d. 1967)
* January 2 – On Kawara, Japanese conceptual artist (d. 2014)
* January 6 – Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2003)
* January 7 – Diane Leather, English athlete (d. 2018)
* January 8 – Supriya Devi, Indian Bengali actress (d. 2018)
* January 12 – Liliana Cavani, Italian film director and screenwriter
* January 13 – Tom Gola, American basketball player (d. 2014)
* January 14 – Stan Brakhage, American filmmaker (d. 2003)
* January 15 – Ernest J. Gaines, American author (d. 2019)
* January 16 – Susan Sontag, American author (d. 2004)
* January 17
Events Pre-1600
*38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
** Dalida, French singer (d. 1987)
** Shari Lewis, American ventriloquist (d. 1998)
** Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, French U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (d. 2003)
* January 18
** David Bellamy, English author, broadcaster, environmental campaigner and botanist (d. 2019)
** John Boorman, English film director
* January 21 – Habib Thiam, Senegal politician (d. 2017)
* January 23
** Bill Hayden, Australian politician, 21st Governor-General of Australia
** Chita Rivera, American actress, dancer
* January 25 – Corazon Aquino, 11th President of the Philippines (d. 2009)
* January 27 – Nikolai Fadeyechev, Soviet and Russian ballet dancer and teacher (d. 2020)
February
* February 2 – Tony Jay, English-American actor and voice artist (d. 2006)
* February 5
** Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann, Nicaraguan diplomat, politician and priest (d. 2017)
** Jörn Donner, Finnish writer, film director and politician (d. 2020)
* February 8
** Archduke Joseph Árpád of Austria, Austro-Hungarian royal (d. 2017)
** Elly Ameling, Dutch soprano
* February 12 – Costa-Gavras, Greek-born director, writer
* February 13
** Paul Biya, 2nd President of Cameroon
** Kim Novak, American actress
** Emanuel Ungaro, French fashion designer (d. 2019)
* February 14 – Madhubala, Indian actress (d. 1969)
* February 17 – Syed Sajjad Ali Shah, 13th Chief Justice of Pakistan (d. 2017)
* February 18
** Yoko Ono, Japanese-born singer, artist and widow of John Lennon
** Sir Bobby Robson, English soccer player, manager (d. 2009)
**Frank Moores, second Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador (d. 2005)
* February 21
** Bob Rafelson, American film director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2022)
** Nina Simone, African-American singer (d. 2003)
* February 22
** Katharine, Duchess of Kent, British royal, musician and patron of the arts
** Christopher Ondaatje, Ceylonese-born travel writer, biographer and philanthropist
* February 23 – Lee Calhoun, American athlete (d. 1989)
* February 26 – Lubomyr Husar, Ukrainian Catholic bishop (d. 2017)
* February 28 – Charles Vinci, American weightlifter (d. 2018)
March
* March 3
Events Pre-1600
* 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan.
* 1575 & ...
** Alfredo Landa, Spanish actor (d. 2013)
** Tomas Milian, Cuban-American-Italian actor (d. 2017)
** Lee Radziwill, American socialite, sister of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (d. 2019)
* March 7 – Jackie Blanchflower, Northern Irish footballer (d. 1998)
* March 12 – Jesús Gil, Spanish right-wing politician, construction businessman and football team owner (d. 2004)
* March 13
Events Pre-1600
*624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh.
*1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War.
*1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
– Mike Stoller, American songwriter
* March 14
** Margrith Bigler-Eggenberger Swiss judge (d. 2022)
** Michael Caine, Sir Michael Caine, English actor and author
** René Felber, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 2020)
** Quincy Jones, African-American music producer, composer
* March 15
Events Pre-1600
*474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce.
* 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place.
* 493 – Odo ...
** Philippe de Broca, French film director (d. 2004)
** Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 2020)
* March 17 – Penelope Lively, English writer
* March 18 – Unita Blackwell, African-American civil rights activist (d. 2019)
* March 19
** Edward G. Robinson Jr., American actor (d. 1974)
** Philip Roth, American novelist (d. 2018)
** Michel Sabbah, Israeli patriarch
** Renée Taylor, American actress, screenwriter, playwright, producer and director
* March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthelr ...
** Abolhassan Banisadr, 1st President of Iran (d. 2021)
** May Britt, Swedish actress
** Buddy MacKay, American politician, diplomat, 42nd Governor of Florida
* March 23
Events Pre-1600
*1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official.
*1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last rel ...
– Philip Zimbardo, American psychologist, professor at Stanford University
* March 27
Events Pre-1600
*1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.
* 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– Michel Guérard, French chef
* March 28 – Tete Montoliu, Catalonian jazz pianist (d. 1997)
* March 30 – Jean-Claude Brialy, French actor and director (d. 2007)
* March 31 – Nichita Stănescu, Romanian poet and essayist (d. 1983)
April
* April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
** Dan Flavin, American artist (d. 1996)
** Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, French physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel laureate
* April 4
** Frits Bolkestein, Dutch politician
** Brian Hewson, English athlete (d. 2022)
* April 5 – Frank Gorshin, American actor (''Batman (TV series), Batman'') (d. 2005)
* April 6 – Henryk Niedźwiedzki, Polish boxer (d. 2018)
* April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
** Wayne Rogers, American actor (''M*A*S*H (TV series), M*A*S*H'') (d. 2015)
** Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Persian-American Islamic scholar
* April 9
** Jean-Paul Belmondo, French actor (d. 2021)
** Gian Maria Volonté, Italian actor (d. 1994)
* April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
*1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
*1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrare ...
– Denis Goldberg, South African social campaigner (d. 2020)
* April 12
** Montserrat Caballé, Catalan operatic soprano (d. 2018)
** Ben Nighthorse Campbell, American politician
* April 14
** Yuri Oganessian, Russian nuclear physicist
** Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, Boris Strugatsky, Soviet-Russian science fiction author (d. 2012)
* April 15
** Roy Clark, American country musician (d. 2018)
** Elizabeth Montgomery, American actress (''Bewitched'') (d. 1995)
* April 16 – Marcos Alonso (footballer, born 1933), Marcos Alonso, Spanish footballer (d. 2012)
* April 19 – Jayne Mansfield, American actress (d. 1967)
* April 21 – Ian Carr, Scottish jazz musician, composer, writer and educator (d. 2009)
* April 23 – Frederic Pryor, American economist (d. 2019)
* April 25 – Jerry Leiber, American composer (d. 2011)
* April 26
Events Pre-1600
* 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
*1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 1 ...
** Carol Burnett, American actress, singer and comedian
** Arno Allan Penzias, German-born physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel laureate
** Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Puerto Rican activist (d. 2005)
* April 29
** Mark Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium
** Rod McKuen, American singer, songwriter and poet (d. 2015)
** Willie Nelson, American singer, songwriter, musician, actor, producer, author, poet and activist
* April 30 – Vittorio Merloni, Italian entrepreneur (d. 2016)
May
* May 3
Events Pre-1600
* 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne.
* 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties.
...
** James Brown, African-American soul musician (''I Got You (I Feel Good)'') (d. 2006)
** Steven Weinberg, American physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel laureate (d. 2021)
* May 5
Events Pre-1600
* 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
*1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.
*1260 – Kub ...
– Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, 2-time prime minister of Sri Lanka (d. 2016)
* May 7
** Johnny Unitas, American football player (d. 2002)
** Nexhmije Pagarusha, Albanian singer and actress (d. 2020)
* May 10 – Barbara Taylor Bradford, English writer
* May 11 – Louis Farrakhan, African-American Muslim leader
* May 14 – Siân Phillips, Welsh actress
* May 18
Events Pre-1600
* 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople.
* 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of ...
** H. D. Deve Gowda, Indian politician, 11th Prime Minister of India
** Carroll Hardy, American baseball player (d. 2020)
* May 21 – Maurice André, French trumpeter (d. 2012)
* May 22 – Chen Jingrun, Chinese mathematician (d. 1996)
* May 23 – Joan Collins, English actress (''Dynasty (1981 TV series), Dynasty'')
* May 27 – Edward S. Rogers Jr., Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2008)
* May 29 – Helmuth Rilling, German conductor
June
* June 1
** Charlie Wilson (Texas politician), Charlie Wilson, American politician (d. 2010)
** Haruo Remeliik, 1st president of Palau (d. 1985)
* June 3 – Celso Torrelio, 58th president of Bolivia (d. 1999)
* June 4 – Godfried Danneels, Belgian cardinal (d. 2019)
* June 6 – Heinrich Rohrer, Swiss physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
* June 7
** Juan R. Torruella, Puerto Rican Olympic sailor and jurist (d. 2020)
** Beverly Wills, American actress (d. 1963)
* June 8 – Joan Rivers, American actress, comedian, television host (d. 2014)
* June 10 – F. Lee Bailey, American lawyer (d. 2021)
* June 11 – Gene Wilder, American actor (d. 2016)
* June 12
Events Pre-1600
* 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
* 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...
– Eddie Adams (photographer), Eddie Adams, American photographer and photojournalist (d. 2004)
* June 13 – Sven-Olov Sjödelius, Swedish sprint canoeist (d. 2018)
* June 14
** Svetlin Rusev, Bulgarian artist (d. 2018)
** Henri, Count of Paris (1933–2019), Henri, Count of Paris, French noble (d. 2019)
* June 15 – Mohammad-Ali Rajai, 2nd president of Iran, 47th prime minister of Iran (d. 1981)
* June 17
Events Pre-1600
* 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
*1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...
– Maurice Stokes, American basketball player (d. 1970)
* June 19 – Viktor Patsayev, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1971)
* June 20
** Danny Aiello, American actor (d. 2019)
** Peter T. Kirstein, British computer scientist (d. 2020)
* June 21 – Bernie Kopell, American actor and comedian
* June 22
** Dianne Feinstein, American politician, Senator and mayor of San Francisco
** Libor Pešek, Czech conductor (d. 2022)
* June 23 – Abel Alier, South Sudanese politician and judge
* June 24
** Sam Jones (basketball, born 1933), Sam Jones, American basketball player (d. 2021)
** Ngina Kenyatta, First Lady of Kenya
* June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
** James Meredith, American civil rights activist and writer
** Hong Sook-ja, South Korean politician, feminist
** Álvaro Siza, Portuguese architect
* June 26
Events Pre-1600
* 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius.
* 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar.
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat fr ...
– Claudio Abbado, Italian conductor (d. 2014)
* June 28 – V. Sasisekharan, Indian molecular biologist
* June 29 – Hayes Alan Jenkins, American figure skater
* June 30 – Lea Massari, Italian actress
July
* July 3
** Carmen Barbará, Spanish comics artist, illustrator
** Maximilian, Margrave of Baden, German prince
** Lidy Stoppelman, Dutch figure skater
* July 6
Events Pre-1600
* 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility.
* 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt ...
– Reza Davari Ardakani, Iranian philosopher
* July 7
** J. J. Barrie, Canadian songwriter and singer
** Murray Halberg, New Zealand runner (d. 2022)
** David McCullough, American historian and author (d. 2022)
* July 9 – Oliver Sacks, English-born neurologist (d. 2015)
* July 10 – Bernard P. Randolph, United States Air Force General (d. 2021)
* July 11
** Joyce Piliso-Seroke, South-African educator, activist, feminist and community organizer
** György Czakó, Hungarian figure skater
** Robert Spence (engineer), Robert Spence, British engineer
* July 14
Events Pre-1600
* 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy.
* 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II.
* 142 ...
** Franz, Duke of Bavaria, German royal
** Dumaagiin Sodnom, 13th prime minister of Mongolia
* July 15
Events Pre-1600
*484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome
* 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. ( 17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar).
* 756 – ...
** Julian Bream, English guitarist and lutenist (d. 2020)
** Guido Crepax, Italian comics artist (d. 2003)
** M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Indian writer
* July 16
** Julian Klymkiw, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2022)
** Julian A. Brodsky, American businessman
** Gheorghe Cozorici, Romanian actor (d. 1993)
* July 17 – Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici, 9th prime minister of Malta (d. 2022)
* July 18
** Gaston Orellana, Spanish painter
** Syd Mead, American industrial and conceptual designer (d. 2019)
** Jean Yanne, French humorist and film actor and director (d. 2003)
** Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Russian poet (d. 2017)
* July 19 – Michel Lévêque, French diplomat and politician
* July 20 – Cormac McCarthy, American Pulitzer Prize-winning author
* July 21 – Herman Timme, Dutch decathlete
* July 23 – Richard Rogers, Italian-born British architect (d. 2021)
* July 29 – Lou Albano, Italian-American professional wrestler, manager and actor (d. 2009)
August
* August 1 – Dom DeLuise, American actor, comedian (d. 2009)
* August 2 – Tom Bell (actor), Tom Bell, English actor (d. 2006)
* August 4
** Sheldon Adelson, American businessman and casino magnate (d. 2021)
** Anthony Anenih, Nigerian politician (d. 2018)
* August 6 – Suchinda Kraprayoon, 19th Prime Minister of Thailand
* August 7
** Elinor Ostrom, American economist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
** Jerry Pournelle, American science fiction writer (d. 2017)
* August 9 - Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, Japanese actress, Goodwill Ambassdor for UNICEF
* August 10
** Silvia Caos, Cuban-Mexican actress (d. 2006)
** Doyle Brunson, American poker player
** Lynn Cohen, American actress (d. 2020)
* August 11 – Jerry Falwell, American evangelist, conservative political activist (d. 2007)
* August 14
** Robert Harold Porter, Canadian businessman, farmer and politician (d. 2018)
** Richard R. Ernst, Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2021)
* August 15 – Lori Nelson, American actress and model (d. 2020)
* August 16
** Julie Newmar, American actress (''Batman (TV series), Batman'')
** Stuart Roosa, American astronaut (d. 1994)
** Ricardo Blume, Peruvian-Mexican actor and theater director (d. 2020)
* August 17 – Gene Kranz, American NASA Flight Director
* August 18
** Roman Polanski, Polish film director
** Fiachra Ó Ceallaigh, Irish Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2018)
* August 20 – George J. Mitchell, American lawyer, businessman, author and politician
* August 21 – Janet Baker, Dame Janet Baker, English mezzo-soprano
* August 23 – Robert Curl, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2022)
* August 24
** Guillermo Bredeston, Argentine actor (d. 2018)
** Ham Richardson, American tennis player (d. 2006)
* August 25
** Wayne Shorter, American jazz saxophonist and composer
** Tom Skerritt, American actor
* August 27 – Kerstin Ekman, Swedish novelist
* August 29 – Arnold Koller, Swiss Federal Councillor
* August 31 – Claudio Rodríguez (actor), Claudio Rodríguez, Spanish voice actor (d. 2019)
September
* September 1
** T. Thirunavukarasu, Sri Lankan Tamil politician (d. 1982)
** Conway Twitty, American country music artist (d. 1993)
* September 2
** Ed Conlin, American basketball player (d. 2012)
** Mathieu Kérékou, 5th President of Benin (d. 2015)
* September 3 – Tompall Glaser, American singer (d. 2013)
* September 8 – Asha Bhosle, Indian musician
* September 9 – Michael Novak, American philosopher, author (d. 2017)
* September 10
** Yevgeny Khrunov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2000)
** Karl Lagerfeld, German fashion designer, artist (d. 2019)
* September 11 – William Luther Pierce, American author, activist (d. 2002)
* September 13 – Mahant Swami Maharaj (b. Vinu Patel), Indian Hindu guru
* September 14 – Hillevi Rombin, Swedish athlete, model and Miss Universe 1955 (d. 1996)
* September 15 – Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, Spanish conductor (d. 2014)
* September 17
** Arsenio Corsellas, Spanish actor (d. 2019)
** Chuck Grassley, American politician
** Evelyn Kawamoto, American competition swimmer (d. 2017)
** Dorothy Loudon, American actress and singer (d. 2003)
* September 18
** Scotty Bowman, Canadian ice hockey coach
** Robert Blake (actor), Robert Blake, American actor
** Fred Willard, American actor and comedian (d. 2020)
* September 19 – David McCallum, Scottish actor
* September 21 – Anatoly Krutikov, Russian footballer and manager (d. 2019)
* September 24 – Raffaele Farina, Italian cardinal, archivist of the Holy Roman Church
* September 25 – Hubie Brown, American basketball coach, broadcaster
* September 27
** Kathleen Nolan, American actress
** Will Sampson, American actor (d. 1987)
* September 29 – Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (d. 1986)
* September 30
** Ajitesh Bandopadhyay, Indian actor, playwright and director (d. 1983)
** Cissy Houston, American singer
** Dirce Migliaccio, Brazilian actress (d. 2009)
October
* October 2
** John Gurdon, British developmental biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
** Dave Somerville, Canadian singer (The Diamonds) (d. 2015)
** Waldo Von Erich, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2009)
* October 3 – Abdon Pamich, Italian Olympic athlete
* October 9 – Peter Mansfield, British physicist and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel laureate (d. 2017)
* October 10 – Jay Sebring, American hair stylist (d. 1969)
* October 11 – Thomas Atcitty, American politician (d. 2020)
* October 13 – Mark Zakharov, Soviet and Russian film and theater director (d. 2019)
* October 17
** William Anders, American astronaut
** Jeanine Deckers, Belgian nun, known as "The Singing Nun" (d. 1985)
* October 18 – Firuz Mustafayev, Azerbaijani politician (d. 2018)
* October 19 – Geraldo Majella Agnelo, Dom Geraldo Majella, Brazilian Roman Catholic Cardinal
* October 24
** Draga Olteanu Matei, Romanian actress (d. 2020)
** Reginald Kray, British gangster (d. 2000)
** Ronald Kray, British gangster (d. 1995)
* October 27 – Jan Hettema, Springbok cyclist and five times South African National Rally Champion (d. 2016)
* October 28 – Garrincha, Brazilian footballer (d. 1983)
November
* November 3
** John Barry (composer), John Barry, British film score composer (d. 2011)
** Ken Berry, American actor, dancer and singer (d. 2018)
** Jeremy Brett, British actor (d. 1995)
** Aneta Corsaut, American actress (d. 1995)
** Amartya Sen, Indian economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate
** C. K. Jaffer Sharief, Indian politician (d. 2018)
* November 4 – Charles K. Kao, Chinese electrical engineer, physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel laureate (d. 2018)
* November 6
** Else Ackermann, German physician, pharmacologist and politician (d. 2019)
** Knut Johannesen, Norwegian speed-skater
* November 9 – Lucian Pintilie, Romanian film director, screenwriter (d. 2018)
* November 10
** Don Clarke, New Zealand rugby football player (d. 2002)
** Seymour Nurse, Barbadian cricketer (d. 2019)
* November 11 – Keiko Tanaka-Ikeda, Japanese artistic gymnast
* November 14 – Fred Haise, American astronaut in Apollo 13
* November 21 – T. Rasalingam, Sri Lankan Tamil politician
* November 23 – Krzysztof Penderecki, Polish composer and conductor (d. 2020)
* November 25
** Tunku Abdul Rahman (born 1933), Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysian aristocrat (d. 1988)
** Kathryn Crosby, American actress
* November 26 – Robert Goulet, American entertainer (d. 2007)
* November 28 – Hope Lange, American actress (d. 2003)
* November 29
** Francisco Cuoco, Brazilian actor
** John Mayall, English blues musician
December
* December 1 – Lou Rawls, American singer, songwriter, actor, voice actor and record producer (d. 2006)
* December 2 – Mike Larrabee, American Olympic athlete (d. 2003)
* December 3 – Paul J. Crutzen, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2021)
* December 4
** Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Queen of Malaysia (d. 1988)
** Horst Buchholz, German actor (d. 2003)
** Wink Martindale, American game show host and disc jockey
* December 6 – Henryk Górecki, Polish composer (d. 2010)
* December 8 – Johnny Green (basketball), Johnny Green, American basketball player
* December 9 – Milton Gonçalves, Brazilian actor and television director (d. 2022)
* December 10 – Mako (actor), Mako, Japanese-born actor (d. 2006)
* December 11 – Aquilino Pimentel Jr., Filipino politician (d. 2019)
* December 12 – Manu Dibango, Cameroonian saxophonist (d. 2020)
* December 13 – Lou Adler, American film and record producer
* December 14
** Justin Rakotoniaina, 3rd prime minister of Madagascar (d. 2001)
** Eva Wilma, Brazilian actress (d. 2021)
* December 15
** Tim Conway, American actor and comedian (d. 2019)
** Ralph T. O'Neal, 4th and 6th Premier of the Virgin Islands (d. 2019)
* December 17 – Shirley Abrahamson, American jurist, Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court (d. 2020)
* December 18 – Lonnie Brooks, American blues singer and guitarist (d. 2017)
* December 19 – Galina Volchek, Soviet and Russian actress (d. 2019)
* December 20 – Jean Carnahan, American politician
* December 22 – Abel Pacheco, 44th President of Costa Rica
* December 23 – Akihito, 125th List of Emperors of Japan, Emperor of Japan
* December 25 – Phan Văn Khải, 5th Prime Minister of Vietnam (d. 2018)
* December 26
** Emmanuel Dabbaghian, Syrian Armenian Catholic patriarch (d. 2018)
** Caroll Spinney, American puppeteer (d. 2019)
* December 30 – Andy Stewart (musician), Andy Stewart, Scottish singer, entertainer (d. 1993)
Date unknown
* Jalal Talabani, Kurdish President of Iraq (d. 2017)
Deaths
January
* January 3
** Wilhelm Cuno, German businessman, politician and 15th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
** Jack Pickford, Canadian-born actor, film director and producer (b. 1896)
* January 5
**Calvin Coolidge, 30th President of the United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
(b. 1872)
**J. M. Robertson, British Liberal Party (UK), Liberal Party politician, writer and journalist, Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade (b. 1856)
* January 7 – Bert Hinkler, Australian pioneer aviator (b. 1892)
* January 9
** Kate Gleason, American engineer (b. 1865)
** Daphne Akhurst, Australian tennis champion (b. 1903)
* January 10 – Roberto Mantovani, Italian geologist (b. 1854)
* January 17
Events Pre-1600
*38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
– Louis Comfort Tiffany, American stained glass artist, jewelry designer, son of Charles Lewis Tiffany
* January 25 – Lewis J. Selznick, American film producer (b. 1870)
* January 29
** Thomas Coward, British ornithologist (b. 1867)
** Sara Teasdale, American lyrical poet (b. 1884)
* January 31 – John Galsworthy, British writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867)
February
* February 5
** James Banning, American aviation pioneer (b. 1900)
** Josiah Thomas (politician), Josiah Thomas, Australian politician (b. 1863)
* February 12
** Henri Duparc (composer), Henri Duparc, French composer (b. 1848)
** Sir Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet, William Robertson, British field marshal (b. 1860)
* February 14 – Carl Correns, German botanist, geneticist (b. 1864)
* February 15 – Pat Sullivan (film producer), Pat Sullivan, Australian-born director, producer of animated films (b. 1885)
* February 18 – James J. Corbett, American boxer (b. 1866)
* February 26
** Spottiswoode Aitken, British-American actor (b. 1868)
** Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia (b. 1866)
* February 27 – Walter Hiers, American actor (b. 1893)
March
* March 1 – Uładzimir Žyłka, Belarusian poet (b. 1900)
* March 2 - Thomas J. Walsh, American politician (b. 1859)
* March 6
** Anton Cermak
Anton Joseph Cermak ( cs, Antonín Josef Čermák, ; May 9, 1873 – March 6, 1933) was an American politician who served as the 44th mayor of Chicago, Illinois from April 7, 1931 until his death on March 6, 1933. He was killed by an assassin, ...
, Mayor of Chicago, Illinois (assassinated) (b. 1873)
** Cyril R. Jandus, American lawyer and politician (b. 1867)
* March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...
– Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi, Chief of the Senussi order in Libya (b. 1873)
* March 13
Events Pre-1600
*624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh.
*1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War.
*1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
** Andon Dimitrov, Bulgarian revolutionary leader (b. 1867)
** Robert T. A. Innes, South African astronomer (b. 1861)
* March 14
** Balto, American sled dog (b. 1919)
** Antonio Garbasso, Italian physicist, politician (b. 1871)
* March 15
Events Pre-1600
*474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce.
* 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place.
* 493 – Odo ...
- Gustavo Jiménez, Interim President of Peru (b. 1886)
* March 18 – Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi, Italian mountaineer, explorer and admiral (b. 1873)
*March 19 - Erhard Heiden, German Nazi officer and 3rd commander Reichsführer-SS of the Schutzstaffel (b. 1901)
* March 20
Events Pre-1600
* 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka.
* 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 1600 – The Link ...
– Giuseppe Zangara
Giuseppe Zangara (September 7, 1900 – March 20, 1933) was an Italian immigrant and naturalized United States citizen who attempted to assassinate the President-elect of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, on February 15, 1933, 17 ...
, American attempted assassin of Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
(b. 1900)
* March 26 – Eddie Lang, American musician (b. 1902)
* March 30 – Dan O'Connor (prospector), Dan O'Connor, Canadian prospector (b. 1864)
* March 31 – Baltasar Brum, 23rd President of Uruguay (b. 1883)
April
* April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
– Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford, British politician and colonial governor, Viceroy of India (b. 1868)
* April 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. J ...
– Ranjitsinhji, Indian cricketer and ruler of Nawanagar State, Nawanagar. (b. 1872)
* April 4 – William A. Moffett, U.S. admiral (crash of airship ) (b. 1869)
* April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
- Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria (b. 1860)
*April 15 - Mary Isabella Macleod, North American pioneer (b. 1852)
* April 17 – Harriet Brooks, Canadian physicist (b. 1876)
* April 20 - William Courtenay (actor), William Courtenay, Canadian actor, director (b. 1875)
* April 22
** Prince Ludwig Philipp of Thurn and Taxis (b. 1901)
** Henry Royce, Sir Henry Royce, English car manufacturer (b. 1863)
* April 23 – Tim Keefe, American baseball player, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1857)
* April 30 – Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro, 77th Prime Minister of Peru, 48th President of Peru (assassinated) (b. 1889)
May
* May 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
*1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
* 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
– Leonard Huxley (writer), Leonard Huxley, British writer (b. 1860)
* May 3
Events Pre-1600
* 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne.
* 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties.
...
– Frederick Kerr, English actor (b. 1858)
* May 6 – Li Ching-Yuen, Chinese herbalist, martial artist and tactical advisor
* May 13 – Ernest Torrence, British actor (b. 1878)
* May 15 – Hermann von François, German general (b. 1856)
* May 16 – John Henry Mackay, German writer (b. 1864)
* May 19 – Thomas J. O'Brien (Michigan politician), Thomas J. O'Brien, American politician, diplomat (b. 1842)
* May 22 – Sándor Ferenczi, Hungarian psychoanalyst (b. 1873)
* May 24
** Ludovic Arrachart, French aviator (b. 1897)
** Percy C. Mather, British Protestant missionary (b. 1882)
** Rosslyn Wemyss, 1st Baron Wester Wemyss, British admiral (b. 1864)
* May 26
Events Pre-1600
* 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe.
* 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire tak ...
** Horatio Bottomley, British politician and businessman (b. 1860)
** Jimmie Rodgers (country singer), Jimmie Rodgers, American country singer (b. 1897)
June
* June 2 – Frank Jarvis (athlete), Frank Jarvis, American athlete (b. 1878)
* June 7 – Cyrus H. K. Curtis, American publisher (b. 1850)
* June 15 - Hildegard Burjan, German Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1883)
* June 18 - Harry Sweet, American actor and director (b. 1901)
* June 21
Halbert Benton Cole
Georgetown University Law School Alumni, American Attorney in Black River Falls, Wi and Hamilton, Montana (b. 1879]
Cole, H.B.
* June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
** Jean Cugnot, French Olympic cyclist (b. 1899)
** Giovanni Giacometti, Swiss painter (b. 1868)
* June 29 – Roscoe Arbuckle, American actor, comedian, film director and screenwriter (b. 1887)
July
* July 3
** Hipólito Yrigoyen, 18th President of Argentina (b. 1852)
** Franz Wilhelm Seiwert, German painter, sculptor (b. 1894)
* July 6
Events Pre-1600
* 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility.
* 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt ...
- Robert Kajanus, Finnish conductor and composer (b. 1856)
* July 11 - Edward Dillon (actor), Edward Dillon, American actor, director (b. 1879)
* July 15
Events Pre-1600
*484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome
* 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. ( 17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar).
* 756 – ...
** Irving Babbitt, American literary critic (b. 1865)
** Freddie Keppard, American jazz musician (b. 1890)
** Léon de Witte de Haelen, Belgian general (b. 1857)
* July 18 – Charles Prince (actor), Charles Prince, French actor (b. 1872)
* July 27 – Nobuyoshi Mutō, Japanese field marshal, ambassador (b. 1868)
August
* August 1 – Sulejman Delvina, Albanian politician, 5th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1884)
* August 10 – Alf Morgans, Australian politician, 4th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1850)
* August 13 – Hasan Prishtina, Albanian politician, 8th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1873)
* August 18 – James Williamson (film pioneer), James Williamson, British film director (b. 1855)
* August 22 – Alexandros Kontoulis, Greek general (b. 1858)
* August 23
** Marie Cahill, American singer, actress (b. 1866)
** Adolf Loos, Austrian-Czechoslovak architect (b. 1870)
* August 30 – Kustaa Ahmala, Finnish politician (b. 1867)
September
* September 2 – Francesco de Pinedo, Italian aviator (b. 1890)
* September 7 – Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon, British statesman (b. 1862)
* September 8 – King Faisal I of Iraq (b. 1885)
* September 10 – Giuseppe Campari, Italian opera singer, Grand Prix driver (b. 1892)
* September 17
** Jules Culot, French entomologist (b. 1861)
** Joseph De Piro, Maltese Roman Catholic priest, missionary and Servant of God (b. 1877)
* September 20 – Annie Besant, British Theosophist, women's rights activist, writer and orator (b. 1847)
* September 21 – Kenji Miyazawa, Japanese novelist and poet of children's literature (b. 1896)
* September 24 – Dorothea Baird, British actress (b. 1875)
* September 25
** Paul Ehrenfest, Austrian-Dutch physicist (b. 1880)
** Ring Lardner, American writer (b. 1885)
* September 26 – William Kennedy-Cochran-Patrick, British-born flying ace (b. 1896)
* September 28
** Alexander von Krobatin, Austro-Hungarian field marshal and politician (b. 1849)
** G. R. S. Mead, British writer (b. 1863)
October
* October 4 – Edward Lyon Buchwalter, American Union captain and businessman (b. 1841)
* October 5 – Renée Adorée, French actress (b. 1898)
* October 7 – Jo Labadie, American labor organizer (b. 1850)
* October 16 – Ismael Montes, Bolivian general and political figure, 26th President of Bolivia (b. 1861)
* October 27 - Emily Murphy, Canadian woman's rights activist (b. 1868)
* October 29
** George Luks, American painter (b. 1867)
** Albert Calmette, French bacteriologist, immunologist (b. 1863)
** Paul Painlevé, French mathematician and statesman, 62nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1863)
November
* November 3 – Pierre Paul Émile Roux, French physician (b. 1853)
* November 5 – Texas Guinan, American actress, producer and entrepreneur (b. 1884)
* November 6 – Andrey Lyapchev, 22nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1866)
* November 8
** Pietro Albertoni, Italian psychologist, politician (b. 1849)
** Mohammed Nadir Shah, King of Afghanistan (b. 1883)
* November 16 – Kyrillos III of Cyprus, archbishop of the Cypriot Orthodox Church (b. 1859)
* November 18 - Francisco Javier Gaxiola, Mexican diplomat, lawyer and politician (b. 1870)
* November 20 - Augustine Birrell, English politician and author (b. 1850)
* November 21 - Inez Clough, American actress (b. 1873)
* November 23 – François Albert, French journalist (b. 1874)
* November 30 – Arthur Currie, Sir Arthur Currie, Canadian general (b. 1875)
December
* December 2
** Clarence Burton, American actor (b. 1882)
** Émile Meyerson, Polish-French epistemologist, chemist and philosopher (b. 1859)
* December 4 – Stefan George, German poet (b. 1868)
* December 6 – Auguste Chapuis, French composer (b. 1858)
* December 8
** Yamamoto Gonnohyoe, Imperial Japanese army officer, 8th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1852)
** Karl Jatho, German airplane pioneer (b. 1873)
** John Joly, Irish physicist (b. 1857)
* December 10 – János Hadik, 19th prime minister of Hungary (b. 1863)
* December 16 – Robert W. Chambers, American writer (b. 1865)
* December 17
**Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama (b. 1876)
**Oskar Potiorek, Austro-Hungarian general (b. 1853)
* December 18 – Hans Vaihinger, German philosopher (b. 1852)
* December 19
** George Jackson Churchward, English Great Western Railway chief mechanical engineer (b. 1857)
** Friedrich von Ingenohl, German admiral (b. 1857)
* December 21
** Dora Montefiore, English suffragist and socialist (b. 1851)
** Knud Rasmussen, Danish polar explorer and anthropologist (b. 1879)
** Tod Sloan (jockey), Tod Sloan, American jockey (b. 1874)
* December 24 – Prince Aribert of Anhalt
* December 25 – Francesc Macia, Francesc Macià, President of the Generalitat (autonomous government of Catalonia) (b. 1859)
* December 26
** Anatoly Lunacharsky, Russian Marxist revolutionary (b. 1875)
** Eduard Vilde, Estonian writer (b. 1865)
* December 29 – Ion G. Duca, 35th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1879)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – not awarded
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Thomas Hunt Morgan
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Norman Angell, Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane)
References
External links
The 1930s Timeline: 1933
– from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia
{{DEFAULTSORT:1933
1933,