The 1932 United States Senate elections coincided with
Democrat
Democrat, Democrats, or Democratic may refer to:
Politics
*A proponent of democracy, or democratic government; a form of government involving rule by the people.
*A member of a Democratic Party:
**Democratic Party (United States) (D)
**Democratic ...
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
's landslide victory over incumbent
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gr ...
in the
presidential election
A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President.
Elections by country
Albania
The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public.
Chile
The pre ...
.
With the Hoover administration widely blamed for the
Great Depression,
Republicans lost twelve seats and control of the chamber to the Democrats, who won 28 of the 34 contested races (two Democratic incumbents, Duncan U. Fletcher of Florida and John H. Overton of Louisiana, were re-elected unopposed).
Among the Republican incumbents defeated in 1932 were Senate Majority Leader
James Watson and five-term Senator
Reed Smoot
Reed Smoot (January 10, 1862February 9, 1941) was an American politician, businessman, and apostle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). First elected by the Utah State Legislature to the U.S. Senate in 1902, he serv ...
, an author of the controversial
Smoot-Hawley tariff.
This is also one of only five occasions where 10 or more Senate seats changed hands in an election, with the other occasions being in
1920,
1946,
1958
Events
January
* January 1 – The European Economic Community (EEC) comes into being.
* January 3 – The West Indies Federation is formed.
* January 4
** Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the third ...
, and
1980.
As of 2022, this is the last time Democrats won a Senate election in
Kansas
Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to th ...
.
Gains and losses
Incumbents who lost renomination
Democrats took three seats from Republican incumbents:
#
California
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
: Two-term Republican
Samuel M. Shortridge lost renomination to
Tallant Tubbs
Tallant Tubbs (May 8, 1897–May 15, 1969) served in the California State Senate for the 19th district from 1925 to 1933 and during World War I he served in the United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare, land ...
, who in turn, lost the general election to Democrat
William G. McAdoo
William Gibbs McAdoo Jr.McAdoo is variously differentiated from family members of the same name:
* Dr. William Gibbs McAdoo (1820–1894) – sometimes called "I" or "Senior"
* William Gibbs McAdoo (1863–1941) – sometimes called "II" or "Ju ...
.
#
Iowa
Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to th ...
: One-term Republican
Smith W. Brookhart lost renomination to
Henry Field, who in turn, lost the general election to Democrat
Richard L. Murphy
Richard Louis Murphy (November 6, 1875July 16, 1936) of Dubuque, Iowa was a Democratic U.S. Senator from Iowa. Elected with President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, as only the second Democratic Senator from Iowa elected since 1858, Murphy's s ...
.
#
Wisconsin
Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...
: One-term Republican
John J. Blaine lost renomination to
John B. Chapple, who in turn, lost the general election to Democrat
F. Ryan Duffy
Francis Ryan Duffy (June 23, 1888 – August 16, 1979) was a United States senator from Wisconsin, a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and a United States district judge of the United State ...
.
Incumbents who lost re-election
Democrats defeated eight Republican incumbents:
#
Connecticut
Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capita ...
: Two-term Republican
Hiram Bingham lost to Democratic challenger,
Augustine Lonergan
Augustine Lonergan (May 20, 1874October 18, 1947) was a U.S. Senator and Representative from Connecticut. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He served as a senator from 1933 to 1939.
Biography
Lonergan was born in Thompson, Connecticut, ...
.
#
Idaho
Idaho ( ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. To the north, it shares a small portion of the Canada–United States border with the province of British Columbia. It borders the states of Montana and Wyomi ...
: One-term Republican
John Thomas lost to Democratic challenger,
James Pope.
#
Illinois
Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rockf ...
: One-term Republican
Otis F. Glenn
Otis Ferguson Glenn (August 27, 1879March 11, 1959) was a Republican United States Senator from the State of Illinois.
He was born in Mattoon, Illinois on August 27, 1879. After graduating from law school in 1900 from the University of Illinois ...
lost to Democratic challenger,
William H. Dieterich.
#
Indiana
Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...
: Three-term Republican and Majority Leader
James E. Watson lost to Democratic challenger,
Frederick Van Nuys.
#
Nevada
Nevada ( ; ) is a state in the Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the 7th-most extensive, ...
: Two-term Republican
Tasker L. Oddie
Tasker Lowndes Oddie (October 20, 1870 – February 17, 1950) was an American attorney at law, attorney and politician who served as the List of governors of Nevada, 12th Governor of Nevada and a United States Senate, United States Senator. He wa ...
lost to Democratic challenger,
Patrick A. McCarran.
#
New Hampshire
New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the nor ...
: Three-term Republican
George H. Moses
George Higgins Moses (February 9, 1869December 20, 1944) was a U.S. diplomat and political figure. He served as a United States senator from New Hampshire and was chosen as the Senate's President pro tempore.
Biography
George H. Moses was bor ...
lost to Democratic challenger
Fred H. Brown.
#
Utah
Utah ( , ) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. Utah is a landlocked U.S. state bordered to its east by Colorado, to its northeast by Wyoming, to its north by Idaho, to its south by Arizona, and to it ...
: Five-term Republican
Reed Smoot
Reed Smoot (January 10, 1862February 9, 1941) was an American politician, businessman, and apostle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). First elected by the Utah State Legislature to the U.S. Senate in 1902, he serv ...
lost to Democratic challenger
Elbert D. Thomas
Elbert Duncan Thomas (June 17, 1883February 11, 1953) was a Democratic Party politician from Utah. He represented Utah in the United States Senate from 1933 until 1951. He served as the Chair of the Senate Education Committee.
Biography
Thomas ...
.
#
Washington
Washington commonly refers to:
* Washington (state), United States
* Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States
** A metonym for the federal government of the United States
** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...
: Four-term Republican
Wesley L. Jones lost to Democratic challenger
Homer T. Bone.
Milestones
* First election in which a Senate leader lost re-election: Majority Leader
James E. Watson (R-IN)
* First woman to be elected to a full term in the Senate:
Hattie Caraway
Hattie Ophelia Wyatt Caraway (February 1, 1878 – December 21, 1950) was an Americans, American politician who became the first woman elected to serve a full term as a United States Senate, United States Senator. Caraway represented Arkansas. Sh ...
(D-AR)
* Last Democrat (as of 2021) to be elected from Kansas:
George McGill (D-KS)
Change in composition
After the January special election
Before the November elections
Result of the November elections
Race summary
All races are general elections for class 3 seats, unless noted.
Elections during the 72nd Congress
In these elections, the winners were elected and seated during 1932; ordered by election date.
Elections leading to the 73rd Congress
All elections are for Class 3 seats.
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
There were two elections for the same seat, due to the November 6, 1931 death of two-term Democrat
Thaddeus H. Caraway.
Caraway's widow, Democrat
Hattie Wyatt Caraway
Hattie Ophelia Wyatt Caraway (February 1, 1878 – December 21, 1950) was an American politician who became the first woman elected to serve a full term as a United States Senator. Caraway represented Arkansas. She was the first woman to preside ...
,
was appointed November 13, 1931 to continue his term.
Arkansas (Special)
Arkansas (Regular)
In May 1932, Caraway surprised Arkansas politicians by announcing that she would run for a full term in the upcoming election, joining a field already crowded with prominent candidates who had assumed she would step aside. She told reporters, "The time has passed when a woman should be placed in a position and kept there only while someone else is being groomed for the job."
When she was invited by
Vice President
A vice president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on ...
Charles Curtis
Charles Curtis (January 25, 1860 – February 8, 1936) was an American attorney and Republican politician from Kansas who served as the 31st vice president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 under Herbert Hoover. He had served as the Sena ...
to preside over the Senate she took advantage of the situation to announce that she would run for reelection.
Populist
Populism refers to a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of "the people" and often juxtapose this group against " the elite". It is frequently associated with anti-establishment and anti-political sentiment. The term develop ...
former
Governor
A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
and Senator
Huey Long
Huey Pierce Long Jr. (August 30, 1893September 10, 1935), nicknamed "the Kingfish", was an American politician who served as the 40th governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 and as a United States senator from 1932 until his assassination ...
of neighboring
Louisiana
Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...
traveled to Arkansas on a seven-day campaign swing on her behalf. She was the first female senator to preside over the body as well as the first to chair a committee (Senate Committee on Enrolled Bills). Lacking any significant political backing, Caraway accepted the offer of help from Long, whose efforts to limit incomes of the wealthy and increase aid to the poor she had supported. Long was also motivated by sympathy for the widow and his ambition to extend his influence into the home state of his party rival, Senator
Joseph Robinson, who had been
Al Smith's vice-presidential candidate in
1928
Events January
* January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA.
* January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhan ...
. Bringing his colorful and flamboyant campaign style to Arkansas, Long stumped the state with Caraway for a week just before the Democratic primary. He helped her to amass nearly twice as many votes as her closest opponent.
[
Long effectively used a method to quiet crying babies at campaign stops in Arkansas to encourage voter interest:
]
Mrs. Caraway would never forget nor cease to laugh over the plans we made for caring for obstreperous infants in the audience so that their mothers might listen to the speeches without the crowds being disturbed. I remember when I saw her notice one of our campaigners take charge of the first baby. The child began fretting and then began to cry. One of the young men accompanying us immediately gave it a drink of water. The child quieted for a bit and resumed a whimper, whereupon the same campaign worker handed the baby an all-day sucker, which it immediately grasped and soon fell asleep. Mrs. Caraway did not understand that it was a matter of design until it had been repeated several times.
Caraway went on to win the general election in November, with the accompanying victory of Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
as U.S. President
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
.
California
Colorado
There were 2 elections November 8, 1932 for the same seat, due to the death of one-term Republican Charles W. Waterman. The primaries were held September 13, 1932.
Colorado (Special)
Democrat Walter Walker was appointed to continue the term, pending the special election, which he then lost.
Republican attorney Karl C. Schuyler was elected finish the term, but he lost the contemporaneous election to the next term. He died in 1933.
Colorado (Regular)
Democratic former senator Alva B. Adams was elected to start the new term that would begin in March 1933.
Adams would be re-elected once and serve until his December 1, 1941 death.
Connecticut
Florida
Georgia
There were two elections due to the death of William J. Harris
William Julius Harris (February 3, 1868April 18, 1932) was a United States senator from the state of Georgia. He was a great-grandson of Charles Hooks, who had been a Representative from North Carolina, and son-in-law of Joseph Wheeler, Confed ...
. It was only the second time that both of Georgia's Senate seats have been up for election at the same time, following double-barrel elections in 1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
.
Georgia (Regular)
Georgia (Special)
Democratic incumbent William J. Harris
William Julius Harris (February 3, 1868April 18, 1932) was a United States senator from the state of Georgia. He was a great-grandson of Charles Hooks, who had been a Representative from North Carolina, and son-in-law of Joseph Wheeler, Confed ...
died April 18, 1932. Richard Russell Jr.
Richard Brevard Russell Jr. (November 2, 1897 – January 21, 1971) was an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 66th Governor of Georgia from 1931 to 1933 before serving in the United States Senate for alm ...
, the Democratic Governor of Georgia, appointed fellow-Democrat John S. Cohen April 25, 1932 to continue the term but Cohen was not a candidate for election.
Russell then won the September 14, 1932 Democratic primary over Charles R. Crisp
Charles Robert Crisp (October 19, 1870 – February 7, 1937) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, son of Charles Frederick Crisp.
Life
Born in Ellaville, Georgia, Crisp atte ...
, 57.72% to 42.28%. Russell was then unopposed in the November 8, 1932 special election.
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Primaries were held June 6, 1932.
Murphy served only 3 years until his July 16, 1936 death.
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Missouri
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey (Special)
New York
North Carolina
North Carolina had 2 elections for the same seat, due to the December 12, 1930 death of five-term Democrat Lee S. Overman.
North Carolina (Special)
Democratic former- Governor of North Carolina Cameron A. Morrison
Cameron A. Morrison (October 5, 1869August 20, 1953) was an American politician and the List of governors of North Carolina, 55th Governor of North Carolina, governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina from 1921 to 1925.
Early life and career ...
was appointed December 13, 1930 to continue Overman's term, pending a special election. Primaries for both parties were held June 4, 1932 Morrison lost the primary run-off election.
Reynolds was seated December 5, 1932.
North Carolina (Regular)
Primaries for both parties were held June 4, 1932 and a Democratic run-off primary was held July 2, 1932. Interim appointee Cameron A. Morrison
Cameron A. Morrison (October 5, 1869August 20, 1953) was an American politician and the List of governors of North Carolina, 55th Governor of North Carolina, governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina from 1921 to 1925.
Early life and career ...
lost the primary run-off election.
Reynolds would be re-elected once and serve until his 1945 retirement.
North Dakota
44.85%
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
, -
,
, colspan=5 , Democratic hold
, -
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
See also
* 1932 United States elections
The 1932 United States elections were held on November 8, during the Great Depression. The presidential election coincided with U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and gubernatorial elections in several states. The election marked the end of the Fourth Par ...
** 1932 United States presidential election
The 1932 United States presidential election was the 37th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1932. The election took place against the backdrop of the Great Depression. Incumbent Republican President Herbert Hoover w ...
** 1932 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1932 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1932 which coincided with the landslide election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
The inability of Herbert Hoover to ...
* 72nd United States Congress
* 73rd United States Congress
The 73rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1933, ...
Notes
References
{{United States Senate elections