Events
January
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** The
Syrian Federation
The Syrian Federation ( ar, الاتحاد السوري; french: Fédération syrienne), officially the Federation of the Autonomous States of Syria (french: Fédération des États autonomes de Syrie), was constituted on 28 June 1922 by High Comm ...
is officially dissolved, the
State of Aleppo
The State of Aleppo (french: État d'Alep; ar, دولة حلب ') was one of the five states that were established by the French High Commissioner of the Levant, General Henri Gouraud, in the French Mandate of Syria which followed the San Remo ...
and the
State of Damascus
The State of Damascus (french: État de Damas; ar, دولة دمشق ') was one of the six states established by the French General Henri Gouraud in the French Mandate of Syria which followed the San Remo conference of 1920 and the defeat of K ...
having been replaced by the
State of Syria
State may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* '' State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State
* ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* ''Our ...
.
*
January 3
Events Pre-1600
*AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor.
* 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
–
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...
makes a pivotal speech in the Italian
Chamber of Deputies
The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures.
Description
Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon R ...
. Historians now trace the beginning of Mussolini's dictatorship to this speech.
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Turckh ...
–
Nellie Tayloe Ross becomes the first female governor (Wyoming) in the United States. Twelve days later,
Ma Ferguson becomes first female governor of Texas.
*
January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
–
Hjalmar Branting
Karl Hjalmar Branting (; 23 November 1860 – 24 February 1925) was a Swedish politician who was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party (SAP) from 1907 until his death in 1925, and three times Prime Minister of Sweden. When Branting cam ...
resigns as
Prime Minister of Sweden
The prime minister ( sv, statsminister ; literally translating to "Minister of State") is the head of government of Sweden. The prime minister and their cabinet (the government) exercise executive authority in the Kingdom of Sweden and are subj ...
because of ill health, and is replaced by the minister of trade,
Rickard Sandler
Rickard Johannes Sandler (29 January 1884 – 12 November 1964) was a Swedish Social Democratic politician. He served as minister without portfolio in the Swedish government from 10 March 1920 to 30 June 1920, minister for finance from 1 July ...
.
*
January 27
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent.
* 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...
–
February 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.
* 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...
– The
1925 serum run to Nome (the "Great Race of Mercy") relays
diphtheria
Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium '' Corynebacterium diphtheriae''. Most infections are asymptomatic or have a mild clinical course, but in some outbreaks more than 10% of those diagnosed with the disease may die. Signs and s ...
antitoxin
An antitoxin is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin. Antitoxins are produced by certain animals, plants, and bacteria in response to toxin exposure. Although they are most effective in neutralizing toxins, they can also ...
by
dog sled across the
U.S. territory of Alaska, to combat an
epidemic
An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί ''epi'' "upon or above" and δῆμος ''demos'' "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of patients among a given population within an area in a short period of time.
Epidemics of infectious ...
.
February
*
February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
...
–
Art Gillham
Art Gillham (January 1, 1895, St. Louis, Missouri – June 6, 1961, Atlanta, Georgia) was an American songwriter, who was among the first crooners as a pioneer radio artist and a recording artist for Columbia Records.
With Billy Smythe and Scott ...
records (for
Columbia Records
Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music, Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese Conglomerate (company), conglomerate Sony. It was founded on Janua ...
) the first Western Electric masters to be commercially released.
*
February 28
Events Pre-1600
*202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty.
* 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes.
*1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...
– The
1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska earthquake strikes northeastern North America.
March
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
New York City Fire Department
The New York City Fire Department, officially the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), is an American department of the government of New York City that provides fire protection services, technical rescue/special operations services, ...
Rescue 2 is put in service in
Brooklyn
Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
.
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
**
İsmet İnönü
Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish army officer and statesman of Kurdish descent, who served as the second President of Turkey from 11 November 1938 to 22 May 1950, and its Prime Minister three tim ...
is appointed prime minister in
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
(Turkey's 4th and İnönü's 3rd government).
**
Calvin Coolidge
Calvin Coolidge (born John Calvin Coolidge Jr.; ; July 4, 1872January 5, 1933) was the 30th president of the United States from 1923 to 1929. Born in Vermont, Coolidge was a History of the Republican Party (United States), Republican lawyer ...
is
sworn in for a full term as President of the United States, in the first inauguration to be broadcast on
radio
Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmit ...
.
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
– ''
Pionerskaya Pravda
''Pionerskaya Pravda'' (Пионе́рская Пра́вда) is an all-Russian newspaper. Initially it was an all-Union newspaper of the Soviet Union. Its name may be translated as "Truth for Young Pioneers".
History
The newspaper was founde ...
'', one of the oldest children's newspapers in Europe, is founded in the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
.
*
March 9
Events Pre-1600
* 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
* 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.
* 1226 &nda ...
–
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
*1169 – N ...
–
Pink's War
Pink's War was an air-to-ground bombardment and strafing campaign carried out by the Royal Air Force, under the command of Wing Commander Richard Pink, against the mountain strongholds of Mahsud tribesmen in South Waziristan in March and April ...
: The British
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and ...
bombards mountain strongholds of
Mahsud
The Mahsud or Mehsood ( ps, محسود), also spelled Maseed ( ps, ماسيد), is a Karlani Pashtun tribe inhabiting mostly the South Waziristan Agency in the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan, now merged within Khy ...
tribesmen in
South Waziristan
South Waziristan District ( ps, سويلي وزیرستان ولسوالۍ, ur, ) was a district in Dera Ismail Khan Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa before splitting in to Lower South Waziristan District and Upper South Waziristan District and ...
.
*
March 15
Events Pre-1600
* 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce.
*44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place.
* 493 – Odoa ...
– The
Phi Lambda Chi
Phi Lambda Chi (), commonly known as Phi Lamb, is a social collegiate fraternity founded at the Arkansas State Teachers College (now the University of Central Arkansas) in 1925. It was formerly a member of the North American Interfraternity Confe ...
fraternity (original name "The Aztecs") is founded on the campus of Arkansas State Teachers' College in
Conway, Arkansas (now the
University of Central Arkansas
The University of Central Arkansas (Central Arkansas or UCA) is a public university in Conway, Arkansas. Founded in 1907 as the Arkansas State Normal School, the university is one of the oldest in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As the state's only ...
).
*
March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.
*1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
– At 22:42 local time a
7.0 earthquake shakes the Chinese province of
Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is ...
killing 5,000 people.
*
March 18
Events Pre-1600
* 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10.
* 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...
– The
Tri-State Tornado, the deadliest in U.S. history, rampages through
Missouri
Missouri is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee ...
,
Illinois
Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ...
and
Indiana
Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...
, killing 695 people and injuring 2,027. It hits the towns of
Murphysboro, Illinois
Murphysboro is a city in and the county seat of Jackson County, Illinois, United States. The population was 7,093 at the 2020 census. The city is part of the Metro Lakeland area. The mayor of Murphysboro is Will Stephens. The government con ...
;
West Frankfort, Illinois
West Frankfort is a city in Franklin County, Illinois. The population was 8,182 at the 2010 census. The city is well known for its rich history of coal. The city is part of the Metro Lakeland area.
History
Although one might associate the name " ...
;
Gorham, Illinois
Gorham is a village in Jackson County, Illinois, United States. The population was 236 at the 2010 census. It is known locally for its near-annihilation during the deadly Tri-State Tornado of 1925.
Geography
Gorham is located at (37.716897, -89 ...
;
Ellington, Missouri
Ellington is a city in Reynolds County, Missouri, United States. The population was 790 at the 2020 census. In 1925, the infamous Tri-State Tornado began just northwest of Ellington.
History
Ellington, formerly known as Barnesville, was renamed ...
; and
Griffin, Indiana
Griffin is a town in Bethel Township, Posey County, Indiana, Bethel Township, Posey County, Indiana, Posey County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 172 at the 2010 census.
History
Griffin was originally called Price's Station, and ...
.
*
March 31
Events Pre-1600
* 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian.
*1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V ...
– The
Bauhaus
The Staatliches Bauhaus (), commonly known as the Bauhaus (), was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts.Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., 200 ...
closes in
Weimar
Weimar is a city in the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is located in Central Germany between Erfurt in the west and Jena in the east, approximately southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together with the neighbouri ...
and moves to a building in
Dessau designed by
Walter Gropius
Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (18 May 1883 – 5 July 1969) was a German-American architect
An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in conne ...
.
April
* April–October – The ' is held in Paris, giving a name to the
Art Deco
Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...
style.
*
April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
** Frank Heath and his horse ''Gypsy Queen'' leaves Washington, D.C. to begin a two-year journey to visit all 48 states.
** The
Patent and Trademark Office is transferred to the
Department of Commerce.
*
April 10
Events Pre-1600
* 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles).
* 140 ...
–
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American novelist, essayist, and short story writer. He is best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Age—a term he popularize ...
publishes ''
The Great Gatsby
''The Great Gatsby'' is a 1925 novel by American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald. Set in the Jazz Age on Long Island, near New York City, the novel depicts First-person narrative, first-person narrator Nick Carraway's interactions with mysterious mil ...
''.
*
April 15
Events Pre-1600
* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.
* 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...
–
Fritz Haarmann
Friedrich Heinrich Karl "Fritz" Haarmann (25 October 1879 – 15 April 1925) was a German serial killer, known as the Butcher of Hanover, the Vampire of Hanover and the Wolf Man, who committed the sexual assault, murder, mutilation and dismemb ...
, a serial killer convicted of the murder of 24 boys and young men, is
beheaded
Decapitation or beheading is the total separation of the head from the body. Such an injury is invariably fatal to humans and most other animals, since it deprives the brain of oxygenated blood, while all other organs are deprived of the ...
in Germany.
![BASA-1577K-1-61-14-Sofia, Bulgaria](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/BASA-1577K-1-61-14-Sofia%2C_Bulgaria.JPG)
*
April 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.
* 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide.
* 73 – Masad ...
– The Communist assault on St Nedelya Church claims roughly 150 lives in
Sofia, Bulgaria
Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and ha ...
.
*
April 19
Events Pre-1600
* AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.
* 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...
–
Colo-colo
Club Social y Deportivo Colo-Colo () is a Chilean professional football club based in Macul, Santiago. Founded in 1925 by David Arellano they play in the Chilean Primera División, from which they have never been relegated. The team has pla ...
, a well-known football club of
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
, is founded in
Macul
Macul ( Quechua: "to stretch out right hand") is a commune (smallest administrative subdivision in Chile) of Chile located in the central-eastern part of the Greater Santiago area, bordered by the communes of Ñuñoa to the north, San Joaquín ...
, suburb of
Santiago
Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile as well as one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is the center of Chile's most densely populated region, the Santiago Metropolitan Region, whose ...
.
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
* 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
– Iranian forces of
Rezā Shāh
,
, spouse = Maryam Savadkoohi Tadj ol-Molouk Ayromlu (queen consort)Turan AmirsoleimaniEsmat Dowlatshahi
, issue = Princess Hamdamsaltaneh Princess Shams Mohammad Reza Shah Princess Ashraf Prince Ali Reza Prince Gholam Reza Pri ...
occupies
Ahvaz
Ahvaz ( fa, اهواز, Ahvâz ) is a city in the southwest of Iran and the capital of Khuzestan province. Ahvaz's population is about 1,300,000 and its built-up area with the nearby town of Sheybani is home to 1,136,989 inhabitants. It is hom ...
and arrests
Sheikh Khaz'al
Sheikh (pronounced or ; ar, شيخ ' , mostly pronounced , plural ' )—also transliterated sheekh, sheyikh, shaykh, shayk, shekh, shaik and Shaikh, shak—is an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates a chief of a ...
.
*
April 28
Events Pre-1600
* 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
– Presenting the
Stanley Baldwin
Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 August 186714 December 1947) was a British Conservative Party politician who dominated the government of the United Kingdom between the world wars, serving as prime minister on three occasions, ...
government's budget,
Chancellor of the Exchequer
The chancellor of the Exchequer, often abbreviated to chancellor, is a senior minister of the Crown within the Government of the United Kingdom, and head of His Majesty's Treasury. As one of the four Great Offices of State, the Chancellor is ...
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 Winston Churchill in the Second World War, dur ...
announces Britain's return to the
gold standard
A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold. The gold standard was the basis for the international monetary system from the 1870s to the early 1920s, and from the la ...
.
May
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
*1169 – N ...
** In the
Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia
The destruction of heritage sites associated with early Islam is an ongoing phenomenon that has occurred mainly in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, particularly around the two holiest cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina. The demolition ha ...
, the
al-Baqi'
''Jannat al-Baqīʿ'' ( ar, ٱلْبَقِيْع, "The Baqi'") is the oldest and the first Islamic cemetery of Medina in the Hejazi region of present-day Saudi Arabia. It is located to the southeast of the Prophet's Mosque, which contains the g ...
mausoleums are destroyed by King
Ibn Saud.
**
Barcelona S.C. founded in Ecuador.
** The
All-China Federation of Trade Unions
The All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) is the national trade union center of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest trade union in the world with 302 million members in 1,713,000 primary trade union organizations. The ACFTU ...
, the world's largest
trade union
A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits ( ...
organisation, is founded in
Guangzhou
Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kon ...
,
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
.
*
May 5
Events Pre-1600
* 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
*1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.
*1260 – Kub ...
**
Scopes Trial:
Dayton, Tennessee
Dayton is a city and county seat in Rhea County, Tennessee, Rhea County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the city population was 7,065. The Dayton Urban Cluster, which includes developed areas adjacent ...
, biology teacher
John T. Scopes
John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970) was a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, who was charged on May 5, 1925, with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of human evolution in Tennessee schools. He was trie ...
is arrested for teaching
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended fr ...
's
Theory of Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variatio ...
.
** The
General Election Law The was a law passed in Taishō period Japan, extending suffrage to all males aged 25 and over. It was proposed by the Kenseitō political party and it was passed by the Diet of Japan on 5 May 1925.
The law increased the electorate from 3,341,00 ...
is passed in Japan.
*
May 8 – African American Tom Lee rescues 32 people from the sinking
steamboat
A steamboat is a boat that is marine propulsion, propelled primarily by marine steam engine, steam power, typically driving propellers or Paddle steamer, paddlewheels. Steamboats sometimes use the ship prefix, prefix designation SS, S.S. or S/S ...
''
M.E. Norman'' on the
Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest drainage system in North America, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. From its traditional source of Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota, it f ...
.
*
May 16 – The first modern performance of
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi (baptized 15 May 1567 – 29 November 1643) was an Italian composer, choirmaster and string player. A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera, he is considered ...
's opera ''
Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria'' occurred in
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
.
*
May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
*240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
**
Scopes Trial:
John T. Scopes
John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970) was a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, who was charged on May 5, 1925, with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of human evolution in Tennessee schools. He was trie ...
is indicted for teaching
Darwin's theory of
evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...
.
** The
National Forensic League
The National Speech and Debate Association is an American student debating society. It was established in 1925 as the National Forensic League; the name was changed in 2014. It is one of four major national organizations that direct high school ...
is founded.
*
May 29
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
* 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
– British explorer
Percy Fawcett sends a last telegram to his wife before he disappears in the
Amazon
Amazon most often refers to:
* Amazons, a tribe of female warriors in Greek mythology
* Amazon rainforest, a rainforest covering most of the Amazon basin
* Amazon River, in South America
* Amazon (company), an American multinational technology c ...
.
June
*
June 1
Events Pre-1600
*1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
*1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...
–
Percy and Florence Arrowsmith are married.
*
June 6
Events Pre-1600
* 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed b ...
– The
Chrysler Corporation
Stellantis North America (officially FCA US and formerly Chrysler ()) is one of the " Big Three" automobile manufacturers in the United States, headquartered in Auburn Hills, Michigan. It is the American subsidiary of the multinational automoti ...
is founded by
Walter Percy Chrysler
Walter Percy Chrysler (April 2, 1875 – August 18, 1940) was an American industrial pioneer in the automotive industry, American automotive industry executive and the founder and namesake of American Chrysler Corporation.
Early life
Chrysler ...
.
*
June 13
Events Pre-1600
* 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia.
* 1325 – Ibn Battuta ...
–
Charles Francis Jenkins
Charles Francis Jenkins (August 22, 1867 – June 6, 1934) was an American engineer who was a pioneer of early cinema and one of the inventors of television, though he used mechanical rather than electronic technologies. His businesses incl ...
achieves the first synchronized transmission of pictures and sound, using 48 lines and a mechanical system in "the first public demonstration of radiovision".
*
June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
*1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...
** The
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...
in Greece is founded.
** The Turkish football club
Göztepe is founded.
*
June 29
Events Pre-1600
* 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
*1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
* 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, ...
– The 6.8
Santa Barbara earthquake affects the central coast of California with a maximum
Mercalli intensity
The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...
of IX (''Violent''), destroying much of downtown
Santa Barbara, California
Santa Barbara ( es, Santa Bárbara, meaning "Saint Barbara") is a coastal city in Santa Barbara County, California, of which it is also the county seat. Situated on a south-facing section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coas ...
and leaving 13 people dead.
July
*
July 7
Events Pre-1600
* 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks.
* 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution.
* 1520 – Spanish ''conquistad ...
New York City Police Department Emergency Service Unit
The Emergency Service Unit (ESU) is part of the Special Operations Bureau of the New York City Police Department. The unit provides specialized support and advanced equipment to other NYPD units. Members of ESU are cross-trained in multiple di ...
is created as the Emergency Automobile Squad.
*
July 9 – In
Dublin
Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of th ...
, Ireland,
Oonagh Keogh becomes the first female member of a
stock exchange
A stock exchange, securities exchange, or bourse is an exchange where stockbrokers and traders can buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock, bonds and other financial instruments. Stock exchanges may also provide facilities for th ...
in the world.
*
July 10
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina.
* 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...
**
Scopes Trial: In
Dayton, Tennessee
Dayton is a city and county seat in Rhea County, Tennessee, Rhea County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the city population was 7,065. The Dayton Urban Cluster, which includes developed areas adjacent ...
, the so-called "Monkey Trial" begins with
John T. Scopes
John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970) was a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, who was charged on May 5, 1925, with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of human evolution in Tennessee schools. He was trie ...
, a young high school science teacher accused of teaching
evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...
in violation of a
Tennessee
Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to th ...
state law.
**
Meher Baba
Meher Baba (born Merwan Sheriar Irani; 25 February 1894 – 31 January 1969) was an Indian spiritual master who said he was the Avatar, or God in human form, of the age. A major spiritual figure of the 20th century, he had a following of ...
begins his 44-year silence.
*
July 18
Events Pre-1600
* 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
* 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...
–
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
publishes Volume 1 of his personal manifesto ''
Mein Kampf
(; ''My Struggle'' or ''My Battle'') is a 1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germ ...
''.
*
July 21
Events Pre-1600
* 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
* 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became t ...
**
Malcolm Campbell
Major Sir Malcolm Campbell (11 March 1885 – 31 December 1948) was a British racing motorist and motoring journalist. He gained the world speed record on land and on water at various times, using vehicles called ''Blue Bird'', including a 1 ...
becomes the first man to exceed on land. At
Pendine Sands
Pendine Sands ( cy, Traeth Pentywyn) is a beach on the shores of Carmarthen Bay on the south coast of Wales. It stretches west to east from Gilman Point to Laugharne Sands. The village of Pendine ( cy, Pentywyn, link=no) is close to the west ...
in Wales, he drives
Sunbeam 350HP built by
Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of .
**
Scopes Trial: In
Dayton, Tennessee
Dayton is a city and county seat in Rhea County, Tennessee, Rhea County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the city population was 7,065. The Dayton Urban Cluster, which includes developed areas adjacent ...
, high school biology teacher
John T. Scopes
John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970) was a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, who was charged on May 5, 1925, with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of human evolution in Tennessee schools. He was trie ...
is found guilty of teaching
evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...
in class and fined $100.
*
July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
– The
Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union
The Russian News Agency TASS (russian: Информацио́нное аге́нтство Росси́и ТАСС, translit=Informatsionnoye agentstvo Rossii, or Information agency of Russia), abbreviated TASS (russian: ТАСС, label=none) ...
(TASS) is established.
August
*
August 1
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.
*AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...
– The New Cape Central Railway between
Worcester
Worcester may refer to:
Places United Kingdom
* Worcester, England, a city and the county town of Worcestershire in England
** Worcester (UK Parliament constituency), an area represented by a Member of Parliament
* Worcester Park, London, Engla ...
and
Voorbaai is incorporated into the
South African Railways
Transnet Freight Rail is a South African rail transport company, formerly known as Spoornet. It was part of the South African Railways and Harbours Administration, a state-controlled organisation that employed hundreds of thousands of people ...
.
[''Statement Showing, in Chronological Order, the Date of Opening and the Mileage of Each Section of Railway'', Statement No. 19, p. 189, ref. no. 200954-13]
*
August 8
Events Pre-1600
* 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as the ...
– The
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan (), commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan, is an American white supremacist, right-wing terrorist, and hate group whose primary targets are African Americans, Jews, Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and ...
, the largest fraternal racist organization in the United States, demonstrates its popularity by holding a parade with an estimated 30,000-35,000 marchers in Washington DC.
*
August 14 – The original Hetch Hetchy
Moccasin
A moccasin is a shoe, made of deerskin or other soft leather, consisting of a sole (made with leather that has not been "worked") and sides made of one piece of leather, stitched together at the top, and sometimes with a vamp (additional panel o ...
Powerhouse is completed and goes on line.
*
August 25
Events Pre-1600
* 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...
– The French
complete their evacuation of the Ruhr region of Germany.
*
August 31
Events Pre-1600
* 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty.
* 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year ...
– Anthropologist
Margaret Mead
Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901 – November 15, 1978) was an American cultural anthropologist who featured frequently as an author and speaker in the mass media during the 1960s and the 1970s.
She earned her bachelor's degree at Barnard Co ...
lands in American Samoa to begin nine-months of field work that will culminate in her 1928 book
Coming of Age in Samoa
''Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilisation'' is a 1928 book by American anthropologist Margaret Mead based upon her research and study of youth – primarily adolescent girls – on the island of ...
. The bestselling book will become the first popular anthropological study and will change many attitudes towards tribal peoples.
September
*
September 3
Events Pre-1600
*36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate.
* 301 – San Marino, one of the ...
– The U.S. Navy dirigible
''Shenandoah'' breaks up in a
squall line
A squall line, or more accurately a quasi-linear convective system (QLCS), is a line of thunderstorms, often forming along or ahead of a cold front. In the early 20th century, the term was used as a synonym for cold front (which often are accom ...
near
Caldwell, Ohio
Caldwell is a village and the county seat of Noble County, Ohio, United States. It is located along the West Fork of Duck Creek 23 miles north of Marietta. The population was 1,748 at the 2010 census.
History
Caldwell was founded in 1857, and ...
, killing 14 crewmen.
*
September 27
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England.
* 1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teuton ...
–
Feast of the Cross
In the Christian liturgical calendar, there are several different Feasts of the Cross, all of which commemorate the cross used in the crucifixion of Jesus. Unlike Good Friday, which is dedicated to the passion of Christ and the crucifixion, th ...
according to the
Old Calendar
Old Calendarists (Greek language, Greek: ''palaioimerologitai'' or ''palaioimerologites''), also known as Old Feasters (''palaioeortologitai''), Genuine Orthodox Christians or True Orthodox Christians (GOC; ), are traditionalist groups of Easte ...
; A celestial cross appears over
Athens
Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...
, Greece, while the Greek police pursues a group of
Greek Old Calendarists
Old Calendarists (Greek: ''palaioimerologitai'' or ''palaioimerologites''), also known as Old Feasters (''palaioeortologitai''), Genuine Orthodox Christians or True Orthodox Christians (GOC; ), are traditionalist groups of Eastern Orthodox Chri ...
. The phenomenon lasts for half an hour.
October
* October – The major money forgery and fraud of
Alves dos Reis
Artur Virgílio Alves Reis (Lisbon, 8 September 1896 – 9 July 1955) was a Portuguese criminal who perpetrated one of the largest frauds in history, against the Bank of Portugal in 1925, often called the Portuguese Bank Note Crisis.
Early li ...
is exposed in Portugal.
*
October 1
Events Pre-1600
* 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
* 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated.
* 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadw ...
–
Mount Rushmore
Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a national memorial centered on a colossal sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore (Lakota: ''Tȟuŋkášila Šákpe'', or Six Grandfathers) in the Black Hills near Keystone, South Dakot ...
National Memorial is dedicated in
South Dakota
South Dakota (; Sioux language, Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state in the West North Central states, North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Lakota people, Lakota and Dakota peo ...
.
![Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R03618, Locarno, Gustav Stresemann, Chamberlain, Briand](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R03618%2C_Locarno%2C_Gustav_Stresemann%2C_Chamberlain%2C_Briand.jpg)
*
October 2
Events Pre-1600
* 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
* 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and ...
– In London, UK,
John Logie Baird
John Logie Baird FRSE (; 13 August 188814 June 1946) was a Scottish inventor, electrical engineer, and innovator who demonstrated the world's first live working television system on 26 January 1926. He went on to invent the first publicly demo ...
successfully transmits the first television pictures with a greyscale image.
*
October 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 23 – Rebels sack the Chinese capital Chang'an during a peasant rebellion.
*1209 – Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III.
*1302 – The Byzantine–Venetian War comes t ...
– ''
S2'', a Finnish
''Sokol'' class torpedo boat
A torpedo boat is a relatively small and fast naval ship designed to carry torpedoes into battle. The first designs were steam-powered craft dedicated to ramming enemy ships with explosive spar torpedoes. Later evolutions launched variants of se ...
, was sunk during a fierce storm near the coast of
Pori
)
, website www.pori.fi
Pori (; sv, Björneborg ) is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland. The city is located some from the Gulf of Bothnia, on the estuary of the Kokemäki River, west of Tampere, north of Turku and north-w ...
in the
Gulf of Bothnia
The Gulf of Bothnia (; fi, Pohjanlahti; sv, Bottniska viken) is divided into the Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea, and it is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, between Finland's west coast ( East Bothnia) and the Sweden's east coast (West ...
, taking with the whole crew of 53.
*
October 5
Events Pre-1600
* 610 – Heraclius arrives at Constantinople, kills Byzantine Emperor Phocas, and becomes emperor.
* 816 – King Louis the Pious is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by the Pope.
* 869 – The Fourth Coun ...
–
16 – The
Locarno Treaties
The Locarno Treaties were seven agreements negotiated at Locarno, Switzerland, during 5 to 16 October 1925 and formally signed in London on 1 December, in which the First World War Western European Allied powers and the new states of Central an ...
are negotiated.
*
October 6
Events Pre-1600
* 105 BC – Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio accelerates the Marian reforms of the Roman army of the mid-Republic.
* 69 BC – Third Mithridatic War: The military of the Roman Republic subdue Armenia.
*A ...
—
Xavier University of Louisiana
Xavier University of Louisiana (also known as XULA) is a private, historically black, Catholic university in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is the only Catholic HBCU and, upon the canonization of Katharine Drexel in 2000, became the first Cathol ...
, America's first and only
historically-Black Catholic university is founded in
,
Louisiana
Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...
. In 2000, it became the only Catholic university founded by a
saint
In religious belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of Q-D-Š, holiness, likeness, or closeness to God. However, the use of the term ''saint'' depends on the context and Christian denomination, denominat ...
. (
Another university's founder was
canonized
Canonization is the declaration of a deceased person as an officially recognized saint, specifically, the official act of a Christian communion declaring a person worthy of public veneration and entering their name in the canon catalogue of s ...
in 2006.)
*
October 8
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories.
* 451 – The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins.
* 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger preven ...
–
Cubana de Aviación
Cubana de Aviación S.A., commonly known as Cubana, is Cuba's flag carrier, as well as the country's largest airline. It was founded in , becoming one of the earliest airlines to emerge in Latin America. It has its corporate headquarters in Ha ...
is founded.
*
October 15 – The Pittsburgh Pirates become the first Major League Baseball, MLB franchise to recover from a 3-games-to-1 deficit by defeating the Washington Senators (1901-1960), Washington Senators to win the 1925 World Series.
November
* November 5 – Secret agent Sidney Reilly is executed by the State Political Directorate, OGPU, the secret police of the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
.
* November 9 – Formal foundation date of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) as a personal bodyguard for
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
in Germany.
* November 14
** 1925 Australian federal election: Stanley Bruce's Nationalist Party of Australia, Nationalist/National Party of Australia, Country Coalition (Australia), Coalition First Bruce Ministry, Government is re-elected with an increased majority, defeating the Australian Labor Party, Labor Party led by Matthew Charlton.
** The first Surrealism, Surrealist art exhibition opens in Paris.
* November 17 – The New Zealand and South Seas International Exhibition, a world's fair, opens in Dunedin, New Zealand.
* November 24 – The silent film ''El Húsar de la Muerte'' is released in
Santiago
Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile as well as one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is the center of Chile's most densely populated region, the Santiago Metropolitan Region, whose ...
, Chile.
* November 26 – Prajadhipok (Rama VII) is crowned as King of Siam.
* November 28 – The weekly country music-variety Radio programming, radio program ''Grand Ole Opry'' is first broadcast on WSM (AM), WSM radio in Nashville, Tennessee, as the "WSM Barn Dance".
December
* December 1 – The
Locarno Treaties
The Locarno Treaties were seven agreements negotiated at Locarno, Switzerland, during 5 to 16 October 1925 and formally signed in London on 1 December, in which the First World War Western European Allied powers and the new states of Central an ...
are signed in London.
*December 11 – Pope Pius XI's encyclical ''Quas primas'', on the Feast of Christ the King, is promulgated.
* December 16
** Reza Shah becomes shah of Imperial State of Iran, Persia.
** Alpha Phi Omega, a National service fraternity, is founded at Lafayette College.
** Colombo Radio launches in Ceylon; the station subsequently becomes known as ''Radio Ceylon''.
* December 25 – IG Farben is formed by the merger of six chemical companies in Germany.
Date unknown
* Spring – Leica Camera, Leica I 35mm format, 35 mm film still camera is introduced commercially in Germany.
* The Australian state of Queensland introduces a 44-hour working week.
* The Brisbane City Council, (Australia), is created from the amalgamation of 20 smaller cities, towns and shires.
* New York City becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from London.
* Lion Feuchtwanger's novel ''Jud Süß (Feuchtwanger novel), Jud Süß'' (translated as ''Jew Süss'' or ''Power'') is published in Germany.
* The Shueisha Publishing Company is founded in Tokyo.
* Wheel gymnastics is invented in Germany.
Births
January
![Paul Newman - 1958](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Paul_Newman_-_1958.jpg)
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– Paul Bomani, Tanzanian politician and ambassador (d. 2005)
* January 4 – Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish cross-country skier (d. 2003)
* January 6 – John DeLorean, American car maker (d. 2005)
* January 7
** Gerald Durrell, British naturalist, zookeeper, author and television presenter (d. 1995)
** Harry Stradling Jr., American cinematographer (d. 2017)
* January 8 – Bernardo Ruiz, Spanish road cycling racer
* January 9 – Lee Van Cleef, American actor (d. 1989)
* January 10 – Peter Colotka, Slovak academic, lawyer and politician, Prime Minister 1969-1988 (d. 2019)
* January 12 – Katherine MacGregor, American actress (d. 2018)
* January 13
** Rosemary Murphy, American actress (d. 2014)
** Gwen Verdon, American actress and dancer (d. 2000)
* January 14 – Yukio Mishima, Japanese writer (d. 1970)
* January 15
** August Englas, Estonian wrestler (d. 2017)
** Ignacio López Tarso, Mexican actor
* January 16 – Shafik Wazzan, 27th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 1999)
* January 17 – Duane Hanson, American sculptor (d. 1996)
* January 20 – Ernesto Cardenal, Nicaraguan priest, poet and politician (d. 2020)
* January 21 – Charles Aidman, American actor (d. 1993)
* January 24 – Maria Tallchief, American ballerina (d. 2013)
*
January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
– Barbara Carroll, American jazz pianist (d. 2017)
* January 26
** Joan Leslie, American actress (d. 2015)
** Paul Newman, American actor, film director, entrepreneur and philanthropist (d. 2008)
*
January 27
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent.
* 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...
– Sufi Abu Taleb, President of Egypt (d. 2008)
* January 29
** Dub Garrett, American football guard (d. 1976)
** Robert W. McCollum, American epidemiologist (d. 2010)
* January 30 – Douglas Engelbart, American inventor (d. 2013)
* January 31
** Bernardino Rivera Álvarez, Bolivian bishop (d. 2010)
** Micheline Lannoy, Belgian figure skater
February
![President Sharari cropped](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/President_Sharari_cropped.jpg)
* February 2 – Elaine Stritch, American actress (d. 2014)
* February 3
** Shelley Berman, American comedian and actor (d. 2017)
** John Fiedler, American actor (d. 2005)
** Leon Schlumpf, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 2012)
* February 4
** Arne Åhman, Swedish athlete (d. 2022)
** Jutta Hipp, German born American jazz pianist and composer (d. 2003)
* February 8 – Jack Lemmon, American actor and film director (d. 2001)
* February 10
**Dhalia, Indonesian actress (d. 1991)
**Pierre Mondy, French film and theatre actor and director (d. 2012)
**Daisy Myers, African American educator (d. 2011)
* February 11
** Virginia E. Johnson, American sexologist (d. 2013)
** Amparo Rivelles, Spanish actress (d. 2013)
** Kim Stanley, American actress (d. 2001)
* February 16 – Romolo Bizzotto, Italian professional football player and coach (d. 2017)
* February 17
** Ron Goodwin, English composer and conductor (d. 2003)
** Hal Holbrook, American actor (d. 2021)
* February 18
** Ghafar Baba, Malaysian politician (d. 2006)
** George Kennedy, American actor (d. 2016)
** Krishna Sobti, Indian Hindi-language fiction writer and essayist (d. 2019)
* February 20 – Robert Altman, American film director (d. 2006)
* February 21
** Sam Peckinpah, American film director (d. 1984)
** Štefan Vrablec, Slovak Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2017)
* February 23 – Eric Prabhakar, Indian sprinter (d. 2011)
*
February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
...
** Maddy English, American female baseball player (d. 2004)
** Lisa Kirk, American actress and singer (d. 1990)
** Eduardo Risso (rower), Eduardo Risso, Uruguayan rower
** Shehu Shagari, President of Nigeria (1979–83) (d. 2018)
* February 26 – Everton Weekes, West Indian cricketer (d. 2020)
*
February 28
Events Pre-1600
*202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty.
* 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes.
*1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...
– Louis Nirenberg, Canadian-American mathematician (d. 2020)
March
![Leo Esaki 1959](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Leo_Esaki_1959.jpg)
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
** Keith Harvey Miller, American politician (d. 2019)
** Alexandre do Nascimento, Angolan prelate
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
** Inezita Barroso, Brazilian singer, guitarist, actress, TV presenter (d. 2015)
** Alan R. Battersby, English organic chemist (d. 2018)
** Paul Mauriat, French musician (''L'amour est bleu, Love is Blue'') (d. 2006)
* March 7 – Josef Ertl, German politician (d. 2000)
* March 8
** John Harland Bryant, American physician (d. 2017)
** Dennis Lotis, South African-English singer and actor
** Marta Lynch, Argentinian writer (d. 1985)
* March 12
** Leo Esaki, Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate
** G. William Whitehurst, American journalist and politician
* March 13 – John Tate (mathematician), John Tate, American mathematician (d. 2019)
*
March 15
Events Pre-1600
* 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce.
*44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place.
* 493 – Odoa ...
– Art Murakowski, American football player (d. 1985)
*
March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.
*1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
** Mary Hinkson, African-American dancer and choreographer (d. 2014)
** Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist (d. 2004)
* March 17 – Gabriele Ferzetti, Italian actor (d. 2015)
*
March 18
Events Pre-1600
* 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10.
* 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...
– Alessandro Alessandroni, Italian musician and composer (d. 2017)
* March 19 – Brent Scowcroft, American general and diplomat (d. 2020)
* March 21 – Peter Brook, English theatre director (d. 2022)
* March 22 – Gerard Hoffnung, German-born English humorist (d. 1959)
* March 23
** Robie Lester, American Grammy-nominated voice artist and singer (d. 2005)
** David Watkin (cinematographer), David Watkin, British cinematographer (d. 2008)
* March 25
** Flannery O'Connor, American writer (d. 1964)
** Kishori Sinha, Indian politician (d. 2016)
* March 26
** Pierre Boulez, French composer (d. 2016)
** Ted Graham, Baron Graham of Edmonton, English politician (d. 2020)
* March 27 – Henry Plumb, Baron Plumb, English farmer and politician (d. 2022)
* March 28 – Raja Perempuan Budriah, Malaysian royal consort (d. 2008)
* March 29 – David Tsimakuridze, Georgian freestyle wrestler (d. 2006)
April
![Sally Perel (2016) (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Sally_Perel_%282016%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)
*
April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
– Piero Livi, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2015)
* April 3
** Tony Benn, British politician (d. 2014)
** Jan Merlin, American actor, screenwriter and author (d. 2019)
* April 4 – Serge Dassault, French businessman and politician (d. 2018)
* April 7 – Chaturanan Mishra, Indian politician (d. 2011)
* April 13 – Michael Halliday, English-Australian linguist (d. 2018)
* April 14
** Gene Ammons, American jazz saxophonist (d. 1974)
** Abel Muzorewa, Zimbabwean politician (d. 2010)
** Rod Steiger, American actor (d. 2002)
*
April 15
Events Pre-1600
* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.
* 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...
** Milton J. Rosenberg, American psychology professor (d. 2018)
** Zdeněk Růžička, Czech Olympic gymnast (d. 2021)
** Beryl Te Wiata, New Zealand actor, author and scriptwriter (d. 2017)
* April 17 – René Moawad, 13th president of Lebanon (d. 1989)
* April 18 – Bob Hastings, American actor (d. 2014)
*
April 19
Events Pre-1600
* AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.
* 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...
** Hugh O'Brian, American soldier and actor (d. 2016)
** John Kraaijkamp Sr., Dutch actor and comedian (d. 2011)
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
* 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
** Elena Verdugo, American actress (d. 2017)
** Bob Will, American rower (d. 2019)
* April 21
** Anthony Mason (judge), Anthony Mason, Australian judge
** Sibghatullah Mojaddedi, acting President of Afghanistan (d. 2019)
** Solomon Perel, Israeli motivational speaker
* April 22 – George Cole (actor), George Cole, English actor (d. 2015)
* April 24 – Eugen Weber, Romanian-born historian (d. 2007)
* April 25
** Tony Christopher, Baron Christopher, English businessman
** Janete Clair, Brazilian television, radio play and novel writer (d. 1983)
** Louis O'Neill (politician), Louis O'Neill, Canadian politician (d. 2018)
* April 26
** Vladimir Boltyansky, Russian mathematician, educator and author (d. 2019)
** Michele Ferrero, Italian businessman (d. 2015)
** Jørgen Ingmann, Danish musician (d. 2015)
* April 29
** John Compton, Saint Lucian lawyer and politician, 1st prime minister of Saint Lucia (d. 2007)
** Iwao Takamoto, Japanese-American animator (d. 2007)
May
![Malcolm X NYWTS 2a](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Malcolm_X_NYWTS_2a.jpg)
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
*1169 – N ...
** Scott Carpenter, American astronaut (d. 2013)
** Anna May Hutchison, American professional baseball player (d. 1998)
* May 2
** Maria Barroso, Portuguese politician and actress (d. 2015)
** Inga Gill, Swedish actress (d. 2000)
** John Neville (actor), John Neville, English actor (d. 2011)
** Mãe Stella de Oxóssi, Brazilian Mãe-de-santo, Ialorixá and writer (d. 2018)
* May 3 – Ngiratkel Etpison, 5th president of Palau (d. 1997)
* May 4
** Syed Ahmad Syed Mahmud Shahabuddin, Malaysian politician (d. 2008)
** Jenő Buzánszky, Hungarian footballer (d. 2015)
** Maurice R. Greenberg, American business executive
*
May 8 – Ali Hassan Mwinyi, 2nd President of Tanzania
* May 9 – Vladimir Tadej, Croatian production designer, screenwriter and film director (d. 2017)
* May 10 – Ilie Verdeț, 51st prime minister of Romania (d. 2001)
* May 12 – Yogi Berra, American baseball player (d. 2015)
* May 14 – Oona O'Neill, American actress (d. 1991)
* May 15 – Andrei Eshpai, Russian pianist (d. 2015)
*
May 16
** Nancy Roman, American astronomer (d. 2018)
** Ola Vincent, Nigerian economist and banker (d. 2012)
* May 18 – Gérard Corboud, Swiss entrepreneur, art collector and philanthropist (d. 2017)
* May 19
** Malcolm X, African-American civil rights activist (d. 1965)
** Pol Pot, Cambodian Stalinist dictator and leader of the Khmer Rouge (d. 1998)
* May 20 – Gregory Yong, Archbishop of Singapore (d. 2008)
* May 22
** Julio Garrett Ayllón, 33rd Vice President of Bolivia (d. 2018)
** James King (tenor), James King, American tenor (d. 2005)
** Jean Tinguely, Swiss painter and sculptor (d. 1991)
* May 23 – Joshua Lederberg, American molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
* May 24 – Mai Zetterling, Swedish actress and film director (d. 1994)
*
May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
*240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
** Jeanne Crain, American actress (d. 2003)
** José María Gatica, Argentine boxer (d. 1963)
** Rudolf Scheurer, Swiss football referee (d. 2015)
* May 26
** Alec McCowen, English actor (d. 2017)
** Carmen Montejo, Cuban-born Mexican actress (d. 2013)
* May 28
** Bülent Ecevit, 3-time prime minister of Turkey (d. 2006)
** Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, German lyric baritone and conductor (d. 2012)
** Lucien Nedzi, American politician
** Pavel Štěpán, Czech pianist (d. 1998)
* May 30 – John Marks (doctor), John Marks, English doctor and author (d. 2022)
* May 31
** Julian Beck, American actor, director, poet and painter (d. 1985)
** Frei Otto, German architect (d. 2015)
** Donn A. Starry, American army officer (d. 2011)
June
![Presidente Napolitano](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Presidente_Napolitano.jpg)
* June 2
** Julius Blank, semiconductor pioneer (d. 2011)
** Buddy Elias, Swiss actor and president of the Anne Frank Fonds (d. 2015)
* June 3 – Tony Curtis, American actor (d. 2010)
* June 4 – Antonio Puchades, Spanish footballer (d. 2013)
* June 5 – Bill Hayes (actor), Bill Hayes, American actor
*
June 6
Events Pre-1600
* 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed b ...
– Hideji Ōtaki, Japanese actor (d. 2012)
* June 7 – Ernestina Herrera de Noble, Argentine publisher and executive (d. 2017)
* June 8 – Barbara Bush, First Lady of the United States (d. 2018)
* June 10
** Fortunato Abat, Filipino army general and politician (d. 2018)
** Nat Hentoff, American historian, novelist, jazz and country music critic and syndicated columnist (d. 2017)
* June 11 – William Styron, American writer (d. 2006)
* June 12 – Raphaël Géminiani, French road cycling racer
*
June 13
Events Pre-1600
* 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia.
* 1325 – Ibn Battuta ...
– Dušan Trbojević, Serbian pianist, composer, musical writer and university professor (d. 2011)
*
June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
*1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...
** Hideyuki Fujisawa, Japanese professional Go player (d. 2009)
** Pierre Salinger, White House Press Secretary (d. 2004)
* June 15
** Richard Baker (broadcaster), Richard Baker, English broadcast journalist and author (d. 2018)
** Vasily Golubev (painter), Vasily Golubev, Soviet, Russian painter (d. 1985)
** Attilâ İlhan, Turkish poet, novelist, essayist, journalist and reviewer (d. 2005)
* June 16 – Jean d'Ormesson, French novelist (d. 2017)
* June 17
** Luce d'Eramo, Italian writer and literary critic (d. 2001)
** Mervyn Finlay, Australian member of the Supreme Court of New South Wales and Queen's Counsel (d. 2014)
* June 20
** András Kovács (film director), András Kovács, Hungarian filmmaker (d. 2017)
** Audie Murphy, American World War II hero and actor (d. 1971)
* June 21
** Larisa Avdeyeva, Russian mezzo-soprano (d. 2013)
** Jean-Gabriel Castel, French-Canadian law professor
** Giovanni Spadolini, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1994)
** Maureen Stapleton, American actress (d. 2006)
* June 23 – Oliver Smithies, British-American geneticist (d. 2017)
* June 25
** John Briley, American writer (d. 2019)
** June Lockhart, American actress
** Robert Venturi, American architect (d. 2018)
** P. Viswambharan, Indian politician, socialist, trade unionist and journalist (d. 2016)
* June 26 – Jean Frydman, French resistant and businessman (d. 2021)
*
June 29
Events Pre-1600
* 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
*1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
* 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, ...
** Giorgio Napolitano, Italian politician and 11th President of Italy
** Cara Williams, American actress (d. 2021)
* June 30
** Ebrahim Amini, Iranian politician (d. 2020)
** Philippe Jaccottet, Swiss poet and translator (d. 2021)
** Ros Mey, Cambodian-born American Buddhist monk and survivor of the Khmer Rouge regime (d. 2010)
** Fred Schaus, American basketball player, head coach and athletic director (d. 2010)
July
![Mikis2004](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Mikis2004.jpg)
* July 1
** Farley Granger, American actor (d. 2011)
** Art McNally, American football referee
* July 2
** Marvin Rainwater, American country and rockabilly singer and songwriter (d. 2013)
** Medgar Evers, African-American civil rights activist (d. 1963)
** Patrice Lumumba, Congolese independence leader (d. 1961)
* July 3
** Roger Chesneau, French steeplechaser (d. 2012)
** Keiji Hase, Japanese swimmer
* July 4
** Dorothy Head Knode, American tennis player (d. 2015)
** Ciril Zlobec, Slovene poet, writer, translator, journalist and politician (d. 2018)
* July 5
** Jean Raspail, French author, traveler and explorer (d. 2020)
** Fernando de Szyszlo, Peruvian painter, sculptor, printmaker and teacher (d. 2017)
** Unto Wiitala, Finnish ice hockey player (d. 2019)
* July 6
** Ruth Cracknell, Australian actress and author (d. 2002)
** Merv Griffin, American game show host and producer, talk show host, singer (d. 2007)
** Bill Haley (musician), Bill Haley, American musician (d. 1981)
** Gazi Yaşargil, Turkish scientist and neurosurgeon
* July 8 – Nicholas Brathwaite, Prime Minister of Grenada (d. 2016)
*
July 9
** Mary de Rachewiltz, Italian-American poet and translator
** Borislav Stanković, Serbian basketball player and coach (d. 2020)
*
July 10
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina.
* 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...
– Mahathir bin Mohamad, Mahathir Mohamad, Malaysian politician; Former prime minister of Malaysia
* July 11
** Mattiwilda Dobbs, African-American coloratura soprano (d. 2015)
** Nicolai Gedda, Swedish operatic tenor (d. 2017)
** Fernando Matthei, Chilean Air Force General (d. 2017)
* July 12 – Don Campbell (ice hockey), Don Campbell, Canadian ice hockey (d. 2012)
* July 13
** Huang Zongying, Chinese actress and writer (d. 2020)
** Suzanne Zimmerman, American competition swimmer and Olympic medalist (d. 2021)
* July 14
** Francisco Álvarez Martínez, Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2022)
** Elmo Bovio, Argentine professional football player (d. 2017)
** Carlos Velázquez (pentathlete), Carlos Velázquez, Argentine modern pentathlete
* July 15
** D. A. Pennebaker, American documentary filmmaker (d. 2019)
** Badal Sarkar, Indian dramatist and theatre director (d. 2011)
* July 16 – Rosita Quintana, Argentine actress (d. 2021)
* July 17
** Anita Lasker-Wallfisch, German cellist and Holocaust survivor
** Mohammad Hasan Sharq, Afghan politician
** Ted Vogel, American marathon runner (d. 2019)
*
July 18
Events Pre-1600
* 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
* 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...
**Allan Elsom, New Zealand rugby union player (d. 2010)
** Raymond Jones (architect), Raymond Jones, Australian architect (d. 2022)
** Shirley Strickland, Australian Olympic athlete (d. 2004)
** Friedrich Zimmermann, German politician (d. 2012)
* July 19
** Otto Arosemena, 32nd president of Ecuador (d. 1984)
** Henri Beaujean, French politician (d. 2021)
** John Dossetor, Canadian physician and bioethicist (d. 2020)
** Jean-Pierre Faye, French philosopher, poet and writer
** Jack Petchey, English businessman and philanthropist
** Michael Pfeiffer, German footballer (d. 2018)
** Sue Thompson, American singer (d. 2021)
* July 20
** Jacques Delors, French politician
** Frantz Fanon, French-Algerian psychiatrist and philosopher (d. 1961)
** Stan Hovdebo, New Democratic Party member of the Canadian House of Commons (d. 2018)
** Eric Watson (cricketer), Eric Watson, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2017)
*
July 21
Events Pre-1600
* 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
* 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became t ...
** Hans Meyer (actor), Hans Meyer, South African actor (d. 2020)
** Johnny Peirson, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2021)
* July 22 – Joseph Sargent, American film director (d. 2014)
* July 23
** Tajuddin Ahmad, 1st prime minister of Bangladesh (d. 1975)
** Gloria DeHaven, American actress (d. 2016)
** Quett Masire, 2nd President of Botswana (d. 2017)
** Govind Talwalkar, Indian journalist (d. 2017)
* July 24 – Stephen Porter (director), Stephen Porter, American stage director (d. 2013)
*
July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
** Jutta Zilliacus, Finnish journalist and politician
** Ana González de Recabarren, Chilean human rights activist (d. 2018)
* July 26
** Robert Hirsch (actor), Robert Hirsch, French actor (d. 2017)
** Ana María Matute, Spanish writer (d. 2014)
* July 28
** Baruch S. Blumberg, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2011)
** Ali Bozer, Turkish politician (d. 2020)
* July 29
** Shivram Dattatreya Phadnis, Indian cartoonist
** Carmen Stănescu, Romanian actress (d. 2018)
** Mikis Theodorakis, Greek composer (d. 2021)
* July 31 – Carmel Quinn, Irish-American singer (d. 2021)
August
![Honor Blackman 2000](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Honor_Blackman_2000.jpg)
*
August 1
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.
*AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...
** Cor Edskes, Dutch organ builder and restorer (d. 2015)
** Pam Gems, English playwright (d. 2011)
* August 2
** Princess Marie Gabriele of Luxembourg, Princess of Luxembourg
** Jorge Rafael Videla, 42nd president of Argentina (d. 2013)
** Alan Whicker, British television presenter (d. 2013)
* August 3 – Dom Um Romão, Brazilian jazz drummer (d. 2005)
* August 4 – Betty Trezza, Italian-American female professional baseball player (d. 2007)
* August 6
** Eddie Baily, England international footballer (d. 2010)
** Barbara Bates, American actress and singer (d. 1969)
** Lilyan Chauvin, French-American actress (d. 2008)
** Olavi Rokka, American gardener and horticulturist (d. 2011)
* August 7 – M. S. Swaminathan, Indian scientist
*
August 8
Events Pre-1600
* 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as the ...
** Alija Izetbegović, President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (d. 2003)
** Frank Lauterbur, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
** Aziz Sattar, Malaysian actor, comedian, singer and director (d. 2014)
* August 9
** David A. Huffman, American computer scientist (d. 1999)
** Valentín Pimstein, Chilean-Mexican producer of telenovelas (d. 2017)
** Olavi Rokka, Finnish modern pentathlete (d. 2011)
** Ginny Tyler, American voice actress (d. 2012)
* August 10 – Stanislav Brebera, Czech chemist (d. 2012)
* August 11 – Arlene Dahl, American actress (d. 2021)
* August 12
** Thor Vilhjálmsson, Icelandic writer (d. 2011)
** Guillermo Cano Isaza, Colombian journalist (d. 1986)
** Leopold Barschandt, Austrian footballer (d. 2000)
** George Wetherill, geophysicist (d. 2006)
** Dale Bumpers, American politician (d. 2016)
* August 13
** José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz, Argentine executive and policy maker (d. 2013)
** Peter Beaven, New Zealand architect based in Christchurch (d. 2012)
* August 15
** Mike Connors, American actor (d. 2017)
** Oscar Peterson, Canadian jazz pianist (d. 2007)
** Aldo Ciccolini, Italian-born French pianist (d. 2015)
* August 16 – Kirke Mechem, American composer
* August 18 – Pegeen Vail Guggenheim, Swiss-American painter (d. 1967)
* August 19 – Madhav Dalvi, Indian cricketer (d. 2012)
* August 20 – Henning Larsen, Danish architect (d. 2013)
* August 21 – Toma Caragiu, Romanian theatre, television and film actor (d. 1977)
* August 22
** Honor Blackman, English actress (d. 2020)
** Terry Donahue (baseball), Terry Donahue, Canadian female professional baseball player (d. 2019)
*
August 25
Events Pre-1600
* 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...
** Thea Astley, Australian writer (d. 2004)
** Hilmar Hoffmann, German film and culture academic (d. 2018)
** Hasan Tiro, Indonesian politician (d. 2010)
* August 26
** Jack Hirshleifer, American economist (d. 2005)
** Etelka Keserű, Hungarian economist and politician (d. 2018)
* August 27
** Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and Vatican diplomat (d. 2017)
** Nat Lofthouse, English footballer (d. 2011)
** Jaswant Singh Neki, Indian academic and poet (d. 2015)
* August 28
** Antônio Agostinho Marochi, Brazilian bishop (d. 2018)
** Donald O'Connor, American actor, singer and dancer (d. 2003)
** José Parra Martínez, Spanish footballer (d. 2016)
** Philip Purser, English television critic and novelist (d. 2022)
* August 29
** Dick Cusack, American actor, filmmaker and humorist (d. 2003)
** Demetrio B. Lakas, President of Panama (d. 1999)
*
August 31
Events Pre-1600
* 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty.
* 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year ...
– Maurice Pialat, French actor and director (d. 2003)
September
![Marty Robbins 1966](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Marty_Robbins_1966.JPG)
* September 1
** Michael J. Cleary, Irish Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2020)
** Arvonne Fraser, American women's rights activist (d. 2018)
*
September 3
Events Pre-1600
*36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate.
* 301 – San Marino, one of the ...
– Shoista Mullojonova, Tajikistan, Tajik-born Shashmakom singer (d. 2010)
* September 5 – Patrick Leo McCartie, English Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2020)
* September 6 – Andrea Camilleri, Italian writer and director (d. 2019)
* September 7 – Laura Ashley, Welsh designer (d. 1985)
* September 8
** Jacqueline Ceballos, American feminist
** Peter Sellers, English comedian and actor (d. 1980)
* September 10
** Dick Lucas (minister), Dick Lucas, American minister and cleric
** Boris Tchaikovsky, Boris Alexandrovich Tchaikovsky, Russian composer (d. 1996)
* September 11 – Armando Monteiro Filho, Brazilian businessman, engineer and politician (d. 2018)
* September 13 – Mel Tormé, American musician (d. 1999)
* September 14 – Winston Cenac, 3rd prime minister of Saint Lucia (d. 2004)
* September 15
** John Eden, Baron Eden of Winton, English politician (d. 2020)
** Helle Virkner, Danish actress (d. 2009)
** Peggy Webber, American actress
* September 16
** Martha Firestone Ford, American businesswoman
** Eugene Garfield, American linguist and businessman (d. 2017)
** Charles Haughey, sixth Taoiseach (head of government of the Republic of Ireland) (d. 2006)
** B.B. King, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2015)
** Morgan Woodward, American actor (d. 2019)
* September 19 – Franklin Sousley, U.S. Marine flag raiser on Iwo Jima (d. 1945)
* September 20 – Ananda Mahidol, King Rama VIII of Siam (d. 1946)
* September 23
** Angelo Acerbi, Italian Roman Catholic bishop
** Denis Twitchett, Cambridge scholar and Chinese historian (d. 2006)
* September 24 – Autar Singh Paintal, Indian medical scientist (d. 2004)
* September 25
** Edwin N. Lightfoot, American chemical engineer (d. 2017)
** Paul B. MacCready Jr., American aeronautical engineer (d. 2007)
** Silvana Pampanini, Italian actress (d. 2016)
* September 26 – Marty Robbins, American singer-songwriter and racing driver (d. 1982)
*
September 27
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England.
* 1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teuton ...
– Robert G. Edwards, British Nobel Prize-winning physiologist (d. 2013)
* September 28
** Cromwell Everson, South African composer (d. 1991)
** Carolyn Morris, American female professional baseball player (d. 1996)
* September 29 – John Tower, American politician (d. 1991)
* September 30
** Joseph Hitti, Lebanese Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2022)
** Arkady Ostashev, Russian scientist and rocket engineer (d. 1998)
October
![Johnny Carson 1970](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Johnny_Carson_1970.JPG)
*
October 1
Events Pre-1600
* 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
* 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated.
* 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadw ...
** Abraham Louis Schneiders, Dutch writer and diplomat (d. 2020)
** Yang Hyong-sop, North Korean politician (d. 2022)
*
October 2
Events Pre-1600
* 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
* 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and ...
– José A. Martínez Suárez, Argentine film director and screenwriter (d. 2019)
* October 3
** Simone Segouin (also known as Nicole Minet), French Resistance fighter and partisan
** Gore Vidal, American author (d. 2012)
*
October 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 23 – Rebels sack the Chinese capital Chang'an during a peasant rebellion.
*1209 – Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III.
*1302 – The Byzantine–Venetian War comes t ...
– Fyodor Terentyev, Soviet Olympic cross-country skier (d. 1963)
*
October 5
Events Pre-1600
* 610 – Heraclius arrives at Constantinople, kills Byzantine Emperor Phocas, and becomes emperor.
* 816 – King Louis the Pious is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by the Pope.
* 869 – The Fourth Coun ...
** Gail Davis, American actress (d. 1997)
** Antoine Gizenga, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 2019)
** Herbert Kretzmer, South African-English journalist and songwriter (d. 2020)
** Murray Riley, Australian rower (d. 2020)
*
October 6
Events Pre-1600
* 105 BC – Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio accelerates the Marian reforms of the Roman army of the mid-Republic.
* 69 BC – Third Mithridatic War: The military of the Roman Republic subdue Armenia.
*A ...
– Hiroshi H. Miyamura, American Medal of Honor, Medal of Honour recipient (d. 2022)
* October 7 – Mildred Earp, American female professional baseball player (d. 2017)
*
October 8
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories.
* 451 – The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins.
* 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger preven ...
– Álvaro Magaña, 38th president of El Salvador (d. 2001)
* October 9 – Isyaku Rabiu, Nigerian businessman (d. 2018)
* October 11 – Elmore Leonard, American novelist (d. 2013)
* October 13
** Lenny Bruce, American comic (d. 1966)
** Carlos Robles Piquer, Spanish diplomat and politician (d. 2018)
** Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 (d. 2013)
* October 14 – Phillip V. Tobias, South African palaeoanthropologist (d. 2012)
*
October 15 – Bob Rowland Smith, Australian politician (d. 2012)
* October 16
** Daniel J. Evans, American politician
** Dame Angela Lansbury, Irish-British-born American actress (d. 2022)
* October 18 – Ramiz Alia, 13th president of Albania (d. 2011)
* October 19
** Emilio Eduardo Massera, Argentine Naval military officer (d. 2010)
** Raymond Impanis, Belgian cyclist (d. 2010)
* October 20
** Art Buchwald, American humorist and columnist (d. 2007)
** Hiromu Nonaka, Japanese politician (d. 2018)
** Gene Wood, American game show announcer (d. 2004)
* October 21
** Surjit Singh Barnala, Indian politician (d. 2017)
** Celia Cruz, Cuban-American singer (d. 2003)
** Virginia Zeani, Romanian soprano
* October 22
** Slater Martin, American basketball player and coach (d. 2012)
** Edith Kawelohea McKinzie, Hawaiian genealogist, author and hula expert (d. 2014)
** Robert Rauschenberg, American painter and graphic artist (d. 2008)
* October 23
** Johnny Carson, American comedian and television host (d. 2005)
** José Freire Falcão, Brazilian cardinal (d. 2021)
* October 24
** Luciano Berio, Italian composer (d. 2003)
** Al Feldstein, American artist and comic book creator (d. 2014)
** Ieng Sary, Vietnamese-Cambodian politician (d. 2013)
* October 25
** Aliya Moldagulova, Soviet soldier and sniper (d. 1944)
** John J. Snyder, American Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2019)
* October 27
** Warren Christopher, American diplomat (d. 2011)
** Paul Fox (television executive), Paul Fox, English television executive
** Jiro Ono (chef), Jiro Ono, Japanese chef
* October 29
** Dominick Dunne, American writer, investigative journalist and producer (d. 2009)
** Robert Hardy, English actor (d. 2017)
** Klaus Roth, German-born British mathematician (d. 2015)
* October 31
** Ngaire Lane, New Zealand swimmer (d. 2021)
** John Pople, English chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
November
![José Napoleón Duarte 1987c](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Jos%C3%A9_Napole%C3%B3n_Duarte_1987c.jpg)
* November 2 – Leif Hermansen, Danish rower (d. 2005)
* November 4
** Kjerstin Dellert, Swedish opera singer (d. 2018)
** Doris Roberts, American actress (d. 2016)
* November 6 – Michel Bouquet, French actor (d. 2022)
* November 8 – Asunción Balaguer, Spanish actress (d. 2019)
* November 9 – Giovanni Coppa, Italian cardinal (d. 2016)
* November 10 – Richard Burton, Welsh actor, better known for his role in ''Cleopatra (1963 film), Cleopatra'' (d. 1984)
* November 11
** Dame June Whitfield, English actress (d. 2018)
** Jonathan Winters, American actor and comedian (d. 2013)
* November 12 – Heinz Schubert (actor), Heinz Schubert, German actor (d. 1999)
* November 17 – Rock Hudson, American actor (d. 1985)
* November 19 – Zygmunt Bauman, Polish military officer, sociologist and philosopher (d. 2017)
* November 20
** Kaye Ballard, American actress, comedian and singer (d. 2019)
** Lise Bourdin, French actress
** Robert F. Kennedy, American politician and Attorney General of the United States (d. 1968)
** Maya Plisetskaya, Russian-Lithuanian ballerina (d. 2015)
* November 22
** Carla Balenda, American actress
** Miki Muster, Slovenian artist (d. 2018)
** Gunther Schuller, American musician (d. 2015)
* November 23
** José Napoleón Duarte, Salvadoran politician, 39th President of El Salvador (d. 1990)
** Johnny Mandel, American composer and conductor (d. 2020)
* November 24
** William F. Buckley Jr., American journalist, author and commentator (d. 2008)
** Simon van der Meer, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
* November 26
** Gregorio Conrado Álvarez, Uruguayan general and dictator (d. 2016)
** Eugene Istomin, American pianist (d. 2003)
* November 27
** Claude Lanzmann, French filmmaker (d. 2018)
** Ernie Wise, English comedian (d. 1999)
* November 30
** Maryon Pittman Allen, American politician and journalist (d. 2018)
** Hayashiya Sanpei I, Japanese comedian (d. 1980)
December
![Pierre Beregovoy](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Pierre_Beregovoy.jpg)
* December 1 – Martin Rodbell, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1998)
* December 2 – Julie Harris (American actress), Julie Harris, American actress (d. 2013)
* December 3 – Erik Mørk, Danish actor (d. 1993)
* December 4
** Lino Lacedelli, Italian mountaineer (d. 2009)
** Sauro Tomà, Italian footballer (d. 2018)
* December 5
** Henri Oreiller, French Olympic alpine skier (d. 1962)
** Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua (d. 1980)
* December 6 – Shigeko Higashikuni, Japanese princess (d. 1961)
* December 7 – Hermano da Silva Ramos, French-Brazilian racing driver
* December 8
** Sammy Davis Jr., American singer, dancer, musician and actor (d. 1990)
** Arnaldo Forlani, 43rd prime minister of Italy
* December 11
** Aaron Feuerstein, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 2021)
** John R. Gorman, American Roman Catholic bishop
** Paul Greengard, American neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2019)
* December 12
** Anne V. Coates, British film editor (d. 2018)
** Vladimir Shainsky, Soviet and Russian composer (d. 2017)
* December 13 – Dick Van Dyke, American actor, singer and dancer
* December 15
** Trần Thiện Khiêm, Vietnamese politician (d. 2021)
** Hiroshi Motoyama, Japanese scientist (d. 2015)
** Kasey Rogers, American actress (d. 2006)
* December 19
** Rabah Bitat, Algerian politician, interim President of Algeria (d. 2000)
** Tankred Dorst, German playwright (d. 2017)
** Robert B. Sherman, American songwriter (d. 2012)
* December 20 – Béla Goldoványi, Hungarian athlete (d. 1972)
* December 22 – Ekaterina Mikhailova-Demina, military doctor and war heroine (d. 2019)
* December 23 – Pierre Bérégovoy, French politician, 111th Prime Minister of France (d. 1993)
* December 24 – Prosper Grech, Maltese cardinal (d. 2019)
* December 25 – Carlos Castaneda, American author (d. 1998)
* December 27
** Moshe Arens, Israeli diplomat and politician (d. 2019)
** Michel Piccoli, French actor, singer, director and producer (d. 2020)
* December 28
** Willy Kemp, Luxembourgian road cycling racer (d. 2021)
** Hildegard Knef, German actress, singer and writer (d. 2002)
** Milton Obote, President of Uganda (d. 2005)
* December 29
** Keshav Dutt, Indian field hockey player (d. 2021)
** Luis Alberto Monge, 39th President of Costa Rica (d. 2016)
Deaths
January
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Turckh ...
– Yevgenia Bosch, Ukrainian politician (b. 1879)
* January 6 – Rafaela Porras Ayllón, Spanish Roman Catholic religious professed and saint (b. 1850)
* January 8 – George Bellows, American artist (b. 1882)
* January 14 – Camille Decoppet, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1862)
* January 16 – Aleksey Kuropatkin, Russian general and Imperial Russian Minister of War (b. 1848)
* January 18
** Charles Lanrezac, French general (b. 1852)
** J. M. E. McTaggart, English philosopher (b. 1866)
* January 22 – Fanny Bullock Workman, American geographer, writer and mountain climber (b. 1859)
*
January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
– Alexander Kaulbars, Russian general and explorer (b. 1844)
* January 26 – Sir James Mackenzie, Scottish cardiologist (b. 1853)
February
![Friedrich Ebert face](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Friedrich_Ebert_face.jpg)
* February 2 – Jaap Eden, Dutch speed skater (b. 1873)
* February 3 – Oliver Heaviside, British mathematician (b. 1850)
* February 4 – Robert Koldewey, German architect and archaeologist (b. 1855)
* February 11 – Aristide Bruant, French singer and nightclub owner (b. 1851)
* February 13 – Floyd Collins, American cave explorer (b. 1887)
* February 17 – Ignacio Andrade, Venezuela military and politician, 23rd President of Venezuela (b. 1839)
* February 18 – James Lane Allen, American writer (b. 1849)
* February 21 – Fernando De Lucia, Italian tenor (b. 1860)
* February 23
** Samuel Berger (boxer), Samuel Berger, American Olympic boxer (b. 1884)
** James H. Wilson, American Union Army major general (b. 1837)
* February 24 –
Hjalmar Branting
Karl Hjalmar Branting (; 23 November 1860 – 24 February 1925) was a Swedish politician who was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party (SAP) from 1907 until his death in 1925, and three times Prime Minister of Sweden. When Branting cam ...
, 19th
Prime Minister of Sweden
The prime minister ( sv, statsminister ; literally translating to "Minister of State") is the head of government of Sweden. The prime minister and their cabinet (the government) exercise executive authority in the Kingdom of Sweden and are subj ...
, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1860)
*
February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
...
– Louis Feuillade, French silent film director (b. 1873)
*
February 28
Events Pre-1600
*202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty.
* 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes.
*1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...
– Friedrich Ebert, 1st President of Germany (1919–1945) (b. 1871)
March
![Lucille Ricksen pictureplay0123](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Lucille_Ricksen_pictureplay0123.jpg)
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
– Homer Plessy, American political activist (b. 1862 or 1863)
* March 2
** William A. Clark, American entrepreneur and politician (b. 1839)
** Luigj Gurakuqi, Albanian writer and politician (b. 1879)
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
** Moritz Moszkowski, Polish composer (b. 1854)
** James Ward (psychologist), James Ward, British philosopher and psychologist (b. 1843)
** John Montgomery Ward, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1860)
* March 7 – Georgy Lvov, Prime Minister of Russia (b. 1861)
* March 8
** Manuel Míguez González, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1831)
** Juliette Wytsman, Belgian painter (b. 1866)
* March 10 – Myer Prinstein, Polish-American track athlete (b. 1878)
* March 12 – Sun Yat-sen, Chinese physician, politician and revolutionary (b. 1866)
* March 13 – Lucille Ricksen, American silent film actress (b. 1910)
* March 14 – Walter Camp, American football coach (b. 1859)
* March 19 – Nariman Narimanov, Azerbaijani politician (b. 1870)
* March 20 – George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, Viceroy of India (b. 1859)
* March 28 – Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson, British general (b. 1864)
* March 30 – Rudolf Steiner, Austrian philosopher (b. 1861)
April
![Friedrich Haarmann](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Friedrich_Haarmann.jpg)
* April 7 – Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow, Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church (b. 1865)
* April 13 – Elwood Haynes, American inventor (b. 1857)
* April 14 – John Singer Sargent, American artist (b. 1856)
*
April 15
Events Pre-1600
* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.
* 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...
** August Endell, German architect (b. 1871)
**
Fritz Haarmann
Friedrich Heinrich Karl "Fritz" Haarmann (25 October 1879 – 15 April 1925) was a German serial killer, known as the Butcher of Hanover, the Vampire of Hanover and the Wolf Man, who committed the sexual assault, murder, mutilation and dismemb ...
, German serial killer (executed) (b. 1879)
*
April 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.
* 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide.
* 73 – Masad ...
– Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg, German prince (b. 1852)
* April 17 – Wong Fei-hung, Chinese healer and revolutionary (b. 1847)
*
April 19
Events Pre-1600
* AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.
* 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...
– John Walter Smith, American politician (b. 1845)
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
* 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
– Herbert Lawford, British tennis player (b. 1851)
* April 22 – André Caplet, French composer and conductor (b. 1878)
May
![Lucien Guitry](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Lucien_Guitry.jpg)
* May 2
** Johann Palisa, Austrian astronomer (b. 1848)
** Antun Branko Šimić, Croatian poet (b. 1898)
* May 3 – Clément Ader, French Army Captain and aviation pioneer (b. 1841)
* May 4 – Giovanni Battista Grassi, Italian physician and zoologist (b. 1854)
*
May 5
Events Pre-1600
* 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
*1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.
*1260 – Kub ...
– Catharine van Tussenbroek, Dutch physician (b. 1852)
* May 7
** William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme, British industrialist, philanthropist and politician (b. 1851)
** Sir Doveton Sturdee, British admiral (b. 1859)
* May 10
** Alexandru Marghiloman, 25th prime minister of Romania (b. 1854)
** William Massey, 19th prime minister of New Zealand (b. 1856)
* May 12
** Amy Lowell, American poet (b. 1874)
** Charles Mangin, French general (b. 1866)
* May 13 – Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner, British politician and colonial administrator (b. 1854)
* May 14 – H. Rider Haggard, British writer (b. 1856)
* May 15 – Nelson A. Miles, American general (b. 1839)
* May 20
**Ramón Auñón y Villalón, Spanish admiral and politician (b. 1844)
**Elias M. Ammons, Governor of Colorado (b. 1860)
**Joseph Howard (Prime Minister), Joseph Howard, 1st Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1862)
* May 21 – Hidesaburō Ueno, Japanese agricultural scientist and guardian of Hachikō (b. 1871)
* May 22 – John French, 1st Earl of Ypres, British World War I field marshal (b. 1852)
*
May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
*240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
– Karl Abraham, German psychoanalyst (b. 1877)
* May 28 – João Pinheiro Chagas, Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1863)
*
May 29
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
* 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
–
Percy Fawcett, British explorer, anthropologist and archaeologist (disappeared) (b. 1867)
* May 31 – John Palm, Curaçao-born composer (b. 1885)
June
![Thomas Riley Marshall headshot (3x4)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot_%283x4%29.jpg)
*
June 1
Events Pre-1600
*1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
*1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...
** Lucien Guitry, French actor (b. 1860)
** Thomas R. Marshall, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 28th Vice President of the United States (b. 1854)
* June 2 – James Ellsworth (industrialist), James Ellsworth, American mine owner and banker (b. 1849)
* June 3 – Camille Flammarion, French astronomer (b. 1842)
* June 9 – Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell, Irish civil servant (b. 1844)
* June 12 – Mary Cole Walling, American patriot, lecturer (b. 1838)
* June 16 – Emmett Hardy, American jazz cornetist (b. 1903)
* June 17 – Adolf Pilar von Pilchau, Baltic German politician, regent of the United Baltic Duchy and baron (b. 1851)
![Christian Michelsen portrait](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Christian_Michelsen_portrait.jpg)
* June 18 – Robert M. La Follette, American politician (b. 1855)
* June 20 – Josef Breuer, Austrian neurologist (b. 1842)
* June 22 – Felix Klein, German mathematician (b. 1849)
* June 28 – Georgina Febres-Cordero, Venezuelan nun (b. 1861)
*
June 29
Events Pre-1600
* 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
*1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
* 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, ...
– Christian Michelsen, Norwegian politician and 1st Prime Minister of Norway (b. 1857)
July
![SEVERO_FERN%C3%81NDEZ_ALONSO_CABALLERO](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/SEVERO_FERN%C3%81NDEZ_ALONSO_CABALLERO.jpg)
* July 1 – Erik Satie, French composer (b. 1866)
* July 2 – Nikolai Golitsyn, last Prime Minister of the Russian Empire (executed) (b. 1850)
* July 4 – Pier Giorgio Frassati, Italian Roman Catholic social activist and blessed (b. 1901)
*
July 7
Events Pre-1600
* 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks.
* 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution.
* 1520 – Spanish ''conquistad ...
– Clarence Hudson White, American photographer (b. 1871)
* July 14 – Francisco Guilledo, Pancho Villa, Filipino world boxing champion (b. 1901)
* July 17 – Lovis Corinth, German painter (b. 1858)
* July 19 – Francisco Jose Fernandes Costa, Portuguese lawyer and politician (b. 1867)
* July 26
** Antonio Ascari, Italian racing driver (b. 1888)
** William Jennings Bryan, American lawyer and politician (b. 1860)
** Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and philosopher (b. 1848)
August
![Viviani_5126118262_30fe269c8a_o](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Viviani_5126118262_30fe269c8a_o.jpg)
* August 4 – Charles W. Clark, American baritone (b. 1865)
* August 5 – Jennie Lee (American actress), Jennie Lee, American actress (b. 1848)
* August 6 – Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro, Italian mathematician (b. 1853)
* August 12 – Severo Fernández, 24th President of Bolivia (b. 1849)
* August 15 – Konrad Mägi, Estonian landscape painter (b. 1878)
* August 17 – Ioan Slavici, Romanian writer (b. 1848)
* August 20 – Liao Zhongkai, Chinese politician, Kuomintang leader and financier (b. 1877)
*
August 25
Events Pre-1600
* 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...
– Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, Austrian field marshal (b. 1852)
September
* September 7 – René Viviani, 81st Prime Minister of France (b. 1863)
* September 16 – Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman, Russian mathematician (b. 1888)
* September 17 – Carl Eytel, German-American artist working in Palm Springs, California (b. 1862)
* September 18 – Yui Mitsue, Japanese general (b. 1860)
* September 29 – Léon Bourgeois, French statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1851)
October
![Wladyslaw Reymont 1924](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Wladyslaw_Reymont_1924.jpg)
*
October 5
Events Pre-1600
* 610 – Heraclius arrives at Constantinople, kills Byzantine Emperor Phocas, and becomes emperor.
* 816 – King Louis the Pious is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by the Pope.
* 869 – The Fourth Coun ...
– Anna Schäffer, German Roman Catholic mystic, stigmatist and saint (b. 1882)
* October 7 – Christy Mathewson, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1880)
* October 10 – James Buchanan Duke, American tobacco and electric power industrialist (b. 1856)
* October 14 – Eugen Sandow, German-born bodybuilder, physical culturist (b. 1867)
*
October 15 – Dolores Jiménez y Muro, Mexican revolutionary and educator (b. 1848)
* October 20 – Jonah of Hankou, Russian Orthodox priest and saint (b. 1888)
* October 31
** George Anderson (criminal), George Anderson, Danish criminal (b. 1880)
** Mikhail Frunze, Russian Bolshevik leader (b. 1885)
** José Ingenieros, Argentine physician, sociologist and philosopher (b. 1877)
** Max Linder, French silent film actor (b. 1883)
November
* November 1 – Max Linder, French actor (b. 1883)
* November 5 – Sidney Reilly, Russian spy (executed) (b. c.1873)
* November 6 – Khải Định, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1885)
* November 12 – Robert Wrenn, American tennis player (b. 1873)
* November 20
** Alexandra of Denmark, Queen Alexandra, consort of Edward VII of the United Kingdom (b. 1844)
** Clara Morris, Victorian stage actress (b. 1846)
* November 24 – Margaret Sinclair (nun), Margaret Sinclair, British nun and venerable (b. 1900)
* November 26 – Monarchy of Thailand, King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) of Thailand, Siam (b. 1880)
December
![Meline](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Meline.jpg)
* December 5
** Wilhelmina Drucker, Dutch politician and writer (b. 1847)
** Władysław Reymont, Polish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867)
* December 8 – Marguerite Marsh, American actress (b. 1888)
* December 9 – Pablo Iglesias Posse, co-founder of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (b. 1850)
* December 13 – Antonio Maura, Spanish conservative politician, 5-time Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1853)
* December 15 – Battling Siki, Senegalese boxer (b. 1897)
* December 18 – Hamo Thornycroft, Sir Hamo Thornycroft, British sculptor (b. 1850)
* December 19 – José Ignacio Quintón, Puerto Rican composer and pianist (b. 1881)
* December 21
** Lottie Lyell, Australian female pioneer film director and producer (b. 1890)
** Jules Méline, French statesman, 50th Prime Minister of France (b. 1838)
* December 22
** Alice Heine, Alice, Princess Dowager of Monaco, consort of Albert I, Prince of Monaco, Albert I of Monaco (b. 1858)
** Mary Thurman, American actress (b. 1895)
* December 25
** Karl Abraham, German psychoanalyst (b. 1877)
** Ester Rachel Kamińska, Polish actress, "mother of Yiddish theatre" (b. 1870)
* December 27 – Marie-Louise Jaÿ, French businesswoman (b. 1838)
* December 28
** Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin, Russian lyrical poet (b. 1895)
** Raymond P. Rodgers, American admiral (b. 1849)
* December 29 – Félix Vallotton, Swiss painter (b. 1865)
* December 31 – J. Gordon Edwards, Canadian film director (b. 1867)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – James Franck and Gustav Ludwig Hertz
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – not awarded
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – George Bernard Shaw
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Austen Chamberlain and Charles Gates Dawes
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:1925
1925,