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lands his aircraft on the ship
in Scapa Flow, Orkney. He is killed 5 days later during another landing on the ship. * August 3 – The New York Guard is founded. * August 10 – A general strike begins in Spain; it is smashed after 3 days with 70 left dead, hundreds of wounded and 2,000 arrests. * August 14 – The
* October 27 – WWI: Battle of Buqqar Ridge – Ottoman Empire, Ottoman forces attack British Desert Mounted Corps units garrisoning El-Buqqar Ridge, during the last days of the Stalemate in Southern Palestine.
* October 31 – WWI: Battle of Beersheba (1917), Battle of Beersheba – The British XX Corps (United Kingdom), XX Corps and Desert Mounted Corps ( Egyptian Expeditionary Force) attack and capture Beersheba from Ottoman forces, ending the stalemate in Southern Palestine. The battle includes a rare (by this date) mounted Charge (warfare), charge, by Australian mounted infantry.
* December 6
** The Senate of Finland officially declares the Independence of Finland, country's independence from Russia.
** Halifax Explosion: Two freighters collide in Halifax Harbour at Halifax, Nova Scotia, and cause a huge explosion that kills at least 1,963 people, injures 9,000 and destroys part of the city (the biggest man-made explosion in recorded history until the Trinity (nuclear test), Trinity nuclear weapons testing, nuclear test in 1945).
** WWI: U.S. Navy destroyer is torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by German submarine , killing 66 crew in the first significant American naval loss of the war.
* December 9 – WWI – Battle of Jerusalem (1917), Battle of Jerusalem: The British Egyptian Expeditionary Force accepts the surrender of Jerusalem by the mayor, Hussein al-Husayni, following the effective defeat of the Ottoman Empire's Yildirim Army Group.
* December 11 – WWI: General Edmund Allenby leads units of the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force into Jerusalem on foot through, the Jaffa Gate.
* December 17 – The ''Raad van Vlaanderen (World War I), Raad van Vlaanderen'' proclaims the independence of Flanders.
* December 20 (N.S.) (December 7, O.S.) – The Cheka, a predecessor to the KGB, is established in Russia.
* December 23 (N.S.) (December 10, O.S.) – A local plebiscite supports transferring Narva and Ivangorod (''Jaanilinn'') from the Petrograd Governorate, to the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia.
* December 25 – Jesse Lynch Williams's ''Why Marry?'', the first dramatic play to win a Pulitzer Prize, opens at the Astor Theatre, New York City.
* December 26 – United States President Woodrow Wilson uses the Federal Possession and Control Act to place most U.S. railroads under the United States Railroad Administration, hoping to transport troops and materials for the war effort more efficiently.
* December 30 – WWI: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force secures the victory at the Battle of Jerusalem (1917)#Defence of Jerusalem, Battle of Jerusalem, by successfully defending Jerusalem from numerous Yildirim Army Group counterattacks.
* January 2
** Vera Zorina, Norwegian dancer, actress (d. 2003)
** K. M. Mathew, Indian newspaper editor (d. 2010)
* January 3
** Liu Zhonghua, Chinese military officer (d. 2018)
** D. J. Finney, British statistician (d. 2018)
* January 5
** Adolfo Consolini, Italian discus thrower (d. 1969)
** Lucienne Day, British textile designer (d. 2010)
** Francis L. Kellogg, American diplomat, prominent socialite (d. 2006)
** Jane Wyman, American actress, philanthropist, and first wife of Ronald Reagan (d. 2007)
* January 6 – Koo Chen-fu, Nationalist Chinese negotiator (d. 2005)
*
* February 2 – Đỗ Mười, Vietnamese leader (d. 2018)
*
* March 1
** Robert Lowell, American poet (d. 1977)
** Dinah Shore, American singer (d. 1994)
* March 2
** Desi Arnaz, Cuban-born American actor, bandleader, musician, and television producer; co-founder of Desilu Productions (d. 1986)
** Babiker Awadalla, 8th Prime Minister of Sudan (d. 2019)
** Max Webb, Polish-American real estate developer and philanthropist (d. 2018)
* March 3 – Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear scientist (d. 1952)
* March 5 – Raymond P. Shafer, 39th Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 2006)
* March 6
** Samael Aun Weor, Colombian writer (d. 1977)
** Will Eisner, American cartoonist (d. 2005)
*
* April 1 – Sydney Newman, Canadian-born television producer (d. 1997)
* April 5 – Robert Bloch, American writer (d. 1994)
* April 7
** R. G. Armstrong, American actor (d. 2012)
** Mongo Santamaría, Cuban jazz musician (d. 2003)
*
* May 1
** John Beradino, American baseball player and actor, best known for his role in ''General Hospital'' (d. 1996)
** Ulric Cross, Trinidadian judge, diplomat and war hero (d. 2013)
** Danielle Darrieux, French singer, actress (d. 2017)
** Fyodor Khitruk, Russian animator (d. 2012)
* May 3
** José Del Vecchio, Venezuelan physician, youth baseball promoter (d. 1990)
** George Gaynes, Finland-born American actor (d. 2016)
** Kiro Gligorov, 1st President of the Republic of Macedonia (d. 2012)
* May 6 – Morihiro Higashikuni, Japanese prince (d. 1969)
* May 7 – David Tomlinson, English actor (d. 2000)
* May 12 – Frank Clair, Canadian football coach (d. 2005)
* May 14 – Lou Harrison, American composer (d. 2003)
* May 15 – Jerzy Duszyński (actor), Jerzy Duszyński, Polish actor (d. 1978)
* May 16 – Juan Rulfo, Mexican writer, photographer (d. 1986)
* May 20 – Bergur Sigurbjörnsson, Icelandic politician (d. 2005)
* May 21 – Raymond Burr, Canadian actor, best known for his role in ''Perry Mason (1957 TV series), Perry Mason'' (d. 1993)
* May 22 – Georg Tintner, Austrian conductor (d. 1999)
* May 24 – Florence Knoll, American architect, furniture designer (d. 2019)
* May 28
** Papa John Creach, African-American fiddler (d. 1994)
** Marshall Reed, American film, television actor (d. 1980)
* May 29 – John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (d. 1963)
* May 31 – Zilka Salaberry, Brazilian actress (d. 2005)
* June 1 – William S. Knowles, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
* June 4 – Robert Merrill, American baritone (d. 2004)
* June 6 – Kirk Kerkorian, Armenian-American businessman, billionaire (d. 2015)
* June 7
** Gwendolyn Brooks, African-American writer (d. 2000)
** Dean Martin, American actor, singer (d. 1995)
* June 8 – Byron White, American American football, football player and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 2002)
* June 9 – Eric Hobsbawm, Egyptian-born British historian (d. 2012)
* June 10 – Ruari McLean, Scottish-born typographer (d. 2006)
* June 13 – Augusto Roa Bastos, Paraguayan writer (d. 2005)
* June 14
** Lise Nørgaard, Danish journalist, writer
** Atle Selberg, Norwegian mathematician (d. 2007)
* June 15 – John Fenn (chemist), John Fenn, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
* June 16
** Phaedon Gizikis, President of Greece (d. 1999)
** Katharine Graham, American publisher (d. 2001)
** Irving Penn, American photographer (d. 2009)
* June 17 – Huang Feili, Chinese conductor, musical educator (d. 2017)
* June 18
** Richard Boone, American actor (d. 1981)
** Erik Ortvad, Danish artist (d. 2008)
* June 24 – Ahmad Sayyed Javadi, Iranian lawyer, political activist and politician (d. 2013)
* June 25
** Nils Karlsson, Swedish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2012)
** Claude Seignolle, French author (d. 2018)
* June 26 – Idriz Ajeti, Albanian albanologist (d. 2019)
* June 29 – Ling Yun (politician), Ling Yun, Chinese politician (d. 2018)
* June 30
** Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975)
** Lena Horne, American singer, actress (d. 2010)
* July 1
** Shyam Saran Negi, Indian schoolteacher (d. 2022)
** Virginia Dale, American actress, dancer (d. 1994)
** Álvaro Domecq y Díez, Spanish aristocrat (d. 2005)
* July 2 – André Lafargue, French journalist, resistance fighter (d. 2017)
* July 4 – Manolete, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1947)
* July 6
** Heribert Barrera, Spanish chemist, politician (d. 2011)
** Arthur Lydiard, New Zealand runner, athletics coach (d. 2004)
* July 7
** Larry O'Brien, American politician, former NBA commissioner (d. 1990)
** Fidel Sánchez Hernández, President of El Salvador (d. 2003)
* July 9
** Krystyna Dańko, Polish orphan, survivor of the Holocaust (d. 2019)
** Peter Moyes, Australian educator (d. 2007)
* July 10
** Şeref Alemdar, Turkish basketball player (d. unknown)
** Dayton S. Mak, U.S. diplomat (d. 2018)
** Reg Smythe, English cartoonist (d. 1998)
* July 11 – Per Carleson, Swedish épée fencer (d. 2004)
* July 12
** Luigi Gorrini, Italian soldier, pilot (d. 2014)
** Andrew Wyeth, American painter (d. 2009)
** Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Indian statesman (d. 2006)
* July 15
** Robert Conquest, British historian (d. 2015)
** Reidar Liaklev, Norwegian speed skater (d. 2006)
** Joan Roberts, American actress (d. 2012)
* July 17
** Gus Arriola, Mexican-American comic strip cartoonist, animator (d. 2008)
** Phyllis Diller, American actress, comedian (d. 2012)
** Kenan Evren, 7th President of Turkey (d. 2015)
** Generoso Jiménez, Cuban trombone player (d. 2007)
** Nur Muhammad Taraki, Afghan revolutionary communist politician, journalist and writer (d. 1979)
* July 18
** Henri Salvador, French singer (d. 2008)
** Paul Streeten, Austrian-born British economics professor (d. 2019)
* July 19 – William Scranton, American politician (d. 2013)
* July 20 – Paul Hubschmid, Swiss actor (d. 2001)
* July 21
** Alan B. Gold, Canadian lawyer, jurist (d. 2005)
** Sidney Leviss, American Democratic politician (d. 2007)
* July 22
** Larry Hooper, American singer, musician (d. 1983)
** Adam Malik, 3rd Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1984)
* July 23 – Omar Yoke Lin Ong, Malaysian politician, diplomat and businessman (d. 2010)
* July 24 – Henri Betti, French composer, pianist (d. 2005)
* July 25 – Fritz Honegger, 79th president of Switzerland (d. 1999)
* July 26 – Lorna Gray, American actress (d. 2017)
* July 27 – Wu Zhonghua, Chinese physicist, pioneered three-dimensional flow theory (d. 1992)
* July 30 – Keith Rae (footballer), Keith Rae, Australian rules footballer (d. 2021)
* August 6 – Robert Mitchum, American actor (d. 1997)
* August 7 – Raja Perempuan Zainab, Queen of Malaysia (d. 1993)
* August 8 – Earl Cameron (actor), Earl Cameron, Bermudian actor (d. 2020)
* August 9 – Jao Tsung-I, Chinese-born Hong Kong scholar, poet, calligrapher and painter (d. 2018)
* August 11 – Vasiľ Biľak, Slovak Communist leader (d. 2014)
* August 12 – Marjorie Reynolds, American actress (d. 1997)
* August 15
** Jack Lynch, 5th Taoiseach, Prime Minister of Ireland (d. 1999)
** Óscar Romero, El Salvador, Salvadoran Roman Catholic Archbishop (d. 1980)
* August 17 – Zvi Keren, American-born Israeli pianist, musicologist and composer (d. 2008)
* August 18 – Caspar Weinberger, United States Secretary of Defense (d. 2006)
* August 21 – Esther Cooper Jackson, African-American civil rights activist (d. 2022)
* August 22 – John Lee Hooker, African-American musician (d. 2001)
* August 23
** Hu Chengzhi, Chinese palaeontologist, palaeoanthropologist (d. 2018)
** Miguel Alvarez del Toro, Mexican biologist (d. 1996)
* August 25
** Mel Ferrer, Cuban-American actor, film director, producer (d. 2008)
** Lisbeth Movin, Danish actress (d. 2011)
** Lou van Burg, Dutch television personality, game show host (d. 1986)
* August 26 – William French Smith, 74th United States Attorney General (d. 1990)
* August 28 – Jack Kirby, American comic book artist (d. 1994)
* August 29 – Isabel Sanford, African-American actress, best known for her role in ''The Jeffersons'' (d. 2004)
* August 30 – Denis Healey, English politician, author (d. 2015)
* September 5 – Pedro E. Guerrero, American photographer (d. 2012)
* September 6 – Philipp von Boeselager, German Wehrmacht officer, failed assassin of Adolf Hitler (d. 2008)
* September 7
** Xerardo Fernández Albor, Spanish politician and physician (d. 2018)
** Leonard Cheshire, British war hero (d. 1992)
** John Cornforth, Australian chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
** Tetsuo Hamuro, Japanese swimmer (d. 2005)
* September 10 – Miguel Serrano, Chilean diplomat, explorer and journalist (d. 2009)
* September 11
** Donald Blakeslee, American aviator (d. 2008)
** Herbert Lom, Czech-born British actor (d. 2012)
** Ferdinand Marcos, 10th President of the Philippines (d. 1989)
** Jessica Mitford, Anglo-American writer (d. 1996)
** Daniel Wildenstein, French art dealer, racehorse owner (d. 2001)
* September 17 – Henry Pearce (politician), Henry Pearce, Australian politician (d. 1992)
* September 18 – June Foray, American voice actress (d. 2017)
* September 20
** Red Auerbach, American basketball coach, official (d. 2006)
** Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (d. 1994)
* September 22 – Anna Campori, Italian actress (d. 2018)
* September 23
**Asima Chatterjee, Indian chemist (d. 2006)
**El Santo, Mexican professional wrestler and actor (d. 1984)
* September 24 – Otto Günsche, German general (d. 2003)
* September 26 – Tran Duc Thao, Vietnamese phenomenologist and Marxist philosopher (d. 1993)
* September 28 – Wee Chong Jin, Singaporean judge (d. 2005)
* October 2
** Christian de Duve, English-born biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2013)
** Charles Drake (actor), Charles Drake, American actor (d. 1994)
* October 6 – Fannie Lou Hamer, African-American civil rights activist (d. 1977)
* October 7 – June Allyson, American actress (d. 2006)
* October 8 – Rodney Robert Porter, English biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)
* October 10 – Thelonious Monk, African-American jazz pianist (d. 1982)
* October 15 – Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., American historian, political commentator (d. 2007)
* October 17
** Martin Donnelly (cricketer), Martin Donnelly, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1999)
** Marsha Hunt (actress, born 1917), Marsha Hunt, American actress (d. 2022)
* October 19 – Walter Munk, Austrian-born American oceanographer (d. 2019)
* October 20
** Jean-Pierre Melville, French film director, film producer, and screenwriter (d. 1973)
** Stéphane Hessel, French diplomat and writer (d. 2013)
** X. M. Sellathambu, Sri Lankan Tamil politician (d. 1984)
* October 21 – Dizzy Gillespie, African-American musician (d. 1993)
* October 22 – Joan Fontaine, British-born actress (d. 2013)
* October 24 – Fang Huai, Chinese military officer and major general of PLA (d. 2019)
* October 27 – Oliver Tambo, South African activist, revolutionary (d. 1993)
* October 28
** Shams Pahlavi, Iranian royal (d. 1996)
** Jack Soo, Japanese-American actor (d. 1979)
* October 30
** Paul Eberhard, Swiss bobsledder (d. 1983)
** Maurice Trintignant, French racing driver (d. 2005)
* October 31 – Gordon Steege, Australian military officer (d. 2013)
* November 1 – Erich Rudorffer, German fighter ace (d. 2016)
* November 2
** Durward Knowles, Bahamian sailor, Olympic champion (d. 2018)
** Ann Rutherford, Canadian actress (d. 2012)
* November 3 – Chung Sze-yuen, Hong Kong politician (d. 2018)
* November 4 – Virginia Field, British-born actress (d. 1992)
* November 5 – Jacqueline Auriol, French aviator (d. 2000)
* November 10 – Koun Wick, Cambodian statesman and diplomat (d. 1999)
* November 11 – Madeleine Damerment, French WWII heroine (d. 1944)
* November 12
** Hedley Jones, Jamaican musician (d. 2017)
** Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim, Malaysian judge (d. 2000)
** Jo Stafford, American traditional pop singer (d. 2008)
* November 13 – Infanta Alicia, Duchess of Calabria, Austrian-born Spanish and Italian princess (d. 2017)
* November 14 – Park Chung-hee, 3rd president of South Korea (d. 1979)
* November 18 – Pedro Infante, Mexican actor, singer (d. 1957)
* November 19 – Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (d. 1984)
* November 22 – Andrew Huxley, English scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2012)
* November 24 – Shabtai Rosenne, British-born Israeli diplomat, jurist (d. 2010)
* November 28
** Orville Rogers, American pilot, competitive runner (d. 2019)
** Xiang Shouzhi, Chinese general (d. 2017)
* November 29 – Pierre Gaspard-Huit, French film director, screenwriter (d. 2017)
* December 5 – Wenche Foss, Norwegian actress (d. 2011)
* December 6 – Kamal Jumblatt, leader of the Lebanese Druze (d. 1977)
* December 7 – Hurd Hatfield, American actor (d. 1998)
* December 8 – Ian Johnson (cricketer), Ian Johnson, Australian cricketer (d. 1998)
* December 9 – James Rainwater, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
* December 10 – Sultan Yahya Petra of Kelantan, King of Malaysia (d. 1979)
* December 15 – Shan-ul-Haq Haqqee, Pakistani poet, author and lexicographer (d. 2005)
* December 16
** Sir Arthur C. Clarke, English science-fiction author, best known for co-writing the screenplay of ''2001: A Space Odyssey (film), 2001: A Space Odyssey'' (d. 2008)
** Beatrice Wright (psychologist), Beatrice Wright, American psychologist (d. 2018)
* December 18 – Ossie Davis, African-American actor, film director and activist (d. 2005)
* December 19 – Paul Brinegar, American actor (d. 1995)
* December 20
** David Bohm, American-born physicist, philosopher and neuropsychologist (d. 1992)
** Petrus Hugo, South African Second World War, WWII fighter pilot (d. 1986)
** Audrey Totter, American actress (d. 2013)
* December 21 – Heinrich Böll, German writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)
* December 22 – Marthe Gosteli, Swiss women's suffrage campaigner (d. 2017)
* December 25
** Lincoln Verduga Loor, Ecuadorian journalist, politician (d. 2009)
** Arseny Mironov, Russian scientist, engineer and pilot (d. 2019)
* December 28 – Ellis Clarke, 1st President of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2010)
* December 29 – Ramanand Sagar, Indian film director (d. 2005)
* December 30 – Seymour Melman, American industrial engineer (d. 2004)
* December 31 – Suzy Delair, French actress, singer (d. 2020)
* January 2 – Edward Burnett Tylor, Sir Edward Tylor, English anthropologist (b. 1832)
* January 4 – Frederick Selous, British explorer (b. 1851)
* January 6
** Frederick William Borden, Sir Frederick Borden, Canadian politician (b. 1847)
**Hendrick Peter Godfried Quack, Dutch economist, historian (b. 1834)
* January 8 – Mary Arthur McElroy, ''de facto'' First Lady of the United States (b. 1841)
*
* April 1 – Scott Joplin, African-American ragtime composer, pianist (b. c.1868)
* April 3 – Milton Wright (bishop), Milton Wright, American bishop, father of the Wright brothers (b. 1828)
* April 6 – Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia (1893–1917), Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia (b. 1893)
* April 7 – George Brown (missionary), George Brown, British missionary (b. 1835)
*
* July 2
** William Henry Moody, 35th United States Secretary of the Navy, 45th United States Attorney General, and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1853)
** Herbert Beerbohm Tree, Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree, British actor (b. 1852)
* July 8 – Tom Thomson, Canadian painter (b. 1877)
* July 12
** Donald Cunnell, British World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1893)
** Hugo Simberg, Finnish symbolist painter and graphic artist (b. 1873)
* July 15 – Andrey Selivanov, Russian general and politician (b. 1847)
* July 16 – Philipp Scharwenka, Polish-German composer (b. 1847)
* July 20 – Ignaz Sowinski, Polish architect (b. 1858)
* July 27 – Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss medical researcher, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1841)
* July 28 – Ririkumutima, Queen regent of Burundi
* July 31
** Francis Ledwidge, Irish poet (killed in action) (b. 1887)
** Hedd Wyn, Welsh poet (killed in action) (b. 1887)
* August 3 – Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, German mathematician (b. 1849)
* August 7 – Edwin Harris Dunning, British aviator (b. 1892)
* August 13 – Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1860)
* August 17 – John W. Kern, American Democratic politician (b. 1849)
* August 20 – Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1835)
* August 30 – Alan Leo, British astrologer (b. 1860)
* September 9
** Boris Stürmer, Russian statesman, former prime minister (b. 1848)
** Madge Syers, British figure skater (b. 1881)
* September 11 – Georges Guynemer, French World War I fighter ace (missing in action) (b. 1894)
* September 15 – Kurt Wolff (aviator), Kurt Wolff, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1895)
* September 23 – Werner Voss, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1897)
* September 26 – Edward Miner Gallaudet, American educator of the deaf (b. 1837)
* September 27 – Edgar Degas, French painter (b. 1834)
* September 30 – Patricio Montojo y Pasarón, Spanish admiral (b. 1839)
* October 3 – Eduardo di Capua, Neapolitan composer and songwriter (b. 1865)
* October 4 – Dave Gallaher, New Zealand rugby union football player (killed in action) (b. 1873)
* October 9 – Sultan Hussein Kamel of Egypt, (b. 1853)
* October 11 – Duke Philipp of Württemberg (b. 1838)
* October 13 – Florence La Badie, American actress (accident) (b. 1888)
* October 15 – Mata Hari, Dutch dancer, spy (executed) (b. 1876)
* October 17 – Bobby Atherton, Welsh footballer (b. 1876)
* October 22 – Bob Fitzsimmons, British boxer, World Heavyweight Champion (b. 1863)
* October 23 – Eugène Grasset, Swiss artist (b. 1845)
* October 27 – Arthur Rhys-Davids, British fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1897)
* October 28 – Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1831)
* October 30 – Heinrich Gontermann, German fighter ace (flying accident) (b. 1896)
* November 2 – Tringe Smajli, Albanian guerrilla fighter and sworn virgin (b. 1880)
* November 3 – Frederick Rodgers, American admiral (b. 1842)
* November 7 – Margaret Cleaves, American physician and writer (b. 1848)
* November 8 – Colin Blythe, English cricketer (b. 1879)
* November 11 – Liliʻuokalani, last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii (b. 1838)
* November 15 – Émile Durkheim, French sociologist (b. 1858)
* November 16 – Adolf Reinach, German philosopher (killed in action) (b. 1883)
* November 17
** Neil Primrose (politician), Neil Primrose, British Liberal MP (killed in action) (b. 1882)
** Auguste Rodin, French sculptor (b. 1840)
* December 8 – Mendele Mocher Sforim, Russian Yiddish, Hebrew writer (b. 1836)
* December 10 – Mackenzie Bowell, Sir Mackenzie Bowell, 5th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1823)
* December 12 – Andrew Taylor Still, American father of osteopathy (b. 1828)
* December 17 – Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, English physician and suffragette (b. 1836)
* December 19 – Richard Maybery, British fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1895)
* December 20 – Eric Campbell (actor), Eric Campbell, Scottish actor (accident) (b. 1879)
* December 22
** Frances Xavier Cabrini, first American canonized as a saint (b. 1850)
** Stanisław Tondos, Polish painter (b. 1854)
* December 24 – Ivan Goremykin, Russian statesman, former prime minister (b. 1839)
* December 28 – Alfred Edwin McKay, Canadian fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1892)
''New International Year Book 1917'' (1918)
Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 904 pp * ''American Year Book: 1917'' (1918), large compendium of facts about the U.S
online complete edition
{{Authority control 1917,
Events
Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.January
*January 9
Events Pre-1600
* 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain.
*1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...
– WWI – Battle of Rafa
The Battle of Rafa, also known as the Action of Rafah, fought on 9 January 1917, was the third and final battle to complete the recapture of the Sinai Peninsula by British forces during the Sinai and Palestine campaign of the First World War. T ...
: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's Desert Column.
* January 10
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war.
* 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...
– Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition: Seven survivors of the Ross Sea party
The Ross Sea party was a component of Sir Ernest Shackleton's 1914–1917 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Its task was to lay a series of supply depots across the Great Ice Barrier from the Ross Sea to the Beardmore Glacier, along the polar ...
were rescued after being stranded for several months.
* January 11 – Unknown saboteurs set off the Kingsland Explosion at Kingsland (modern-day Lyndhurst, New Jersey), one of the events leading to United States involvement in WWI.
* January 16
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.
* 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...
– The Danish West Indies is sold to the United States for $25 million.
* January 22
Events Pre-1600
* 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople.
* 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...
– WWI: United States President Woodrow Wilson calls for "peace without victory" in Germany.
* January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
** WWI: British armed merchantman is sunk by mines off Lough Swilly (Ireland), with the loss of 354 of the 475 aboard.
** An anti-prostitution
Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in Sex work, sexual activity in exchange for payment. The definition of "sexual activity" varies, and is often defined as an activity requiring physical contact (e.g., sexual intercourse, n ...
drive in San Francisco occurs, and police close about 200 prostitution houses.
* January 26 – The sea defences at the English village of Hallsands are breached, leading to all but one of the houses becoming uninhabitable.
* January 28 – The United States ends its search for Pancho Villa.
* January 30
Events Pre-1600
*1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.
*1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom.
1601–1900
*1607 – An estimated ...
– Pershing's troops in Mexico begin withdrawing back to the United States. They reach Columbus, New Mexico February 5
Events Pre-1600
* 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy.
* 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion.
* 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...
.
February
*February 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.
* 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...
– WWI: Atlantic U-boat Campaign: Germany announces its U-boats will resume unrestricted submarine warfare, rescinding the ' ''Sussex'' Pledge'.
* February 3
Events Pre-1600
* 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.
*1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
*1488 – ...
– WWI: The United States severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
* February 13
Events Pre-1600
* 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome.
*1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th.
*1462 – The ...
** Mata Hari is arrested in Paris for spying.
** WWI – Raid on Nekhl
The Raid on Nekhl (February 1917) was the second of three battles by British forces to recapture the Sinai Peninsula during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) mounted forces travelled into the centr ...
: Units of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force completely reoccupy the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula.
* February 21 – British troopship is accidentally rammed and sunk off the Isle of Wight, killing 646, mainly members of the South African Native Labour Corps.
* February 24
Events Pre-1600
* 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica.
* 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence.
* 13 ...
– WWI: Walter Hines Page, United States ambassador to the United Kingdom, is shown the intercepted Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany offers to give the American Southwest back to Mexico, if Mexico will take sides with Germany, in case the United States declares war on Germany.
March
* March 1 ** WWI: The U.S. government releases the text of the Zimmermann Telegram to the public. ** Ōmuta, Japan, is founded by Hiroushi Miruku. * March 2 – The enactment of the Jones Act grantsPuerto Ricans
Puerto Ricans ( es, Puertorriqueños; or boricuas) are the people of Puerto Rico, the inhabitants, and citizens of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and their descendants.
Overview
The culture held in common by most Puerto Ricans is referred t ...
United States citizenship.
* March 4
** Woodrow Wilson is sworn in
Traditionally an oath (from Anglo-Saxon ', also called plight) is either a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who conscientiously object to making sacred oaths is to giv ...
for a second term, as President of the United States.
** Jeannette Rankin of Montana becomes the first woman member of the United States House of Representatives.
* March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...
– "Livery Stable Blues
"Livery Stable Blues" is a jazz composition copyrighted by Ray Lopez ''(né'' Raymond Edward Lopez; 1889–1979) and Alcide Nunez in 1917. It was recorded by the Original Dixieland Jass Band on February 26, 1917, and, with the A side " Dixieland ...
", recorded with "Dixie Jazz Band One Step" on February 26
Events Pre-1600
*747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events.
* 364 – Valentinian I is p ...
, by the Original Dixieland Jass Band in the United States, becomes the first jazz recording commercially released. On August 17 the band records " Tiger Rag".
* March 8 – (N.S.) (February 23
Events Pre-1600
* 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.
* 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...
, O.S.) – The February Revolution
The February Revolution ( rus, Февра́льская револю́ция, r=Fevral'skaya revolyutsiya, p=fʲɪvˈralʲskəjə rʲɪvɐˈlʲutsɨjə), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution and somet ...
begins in Russia: Women calling for bread in Petrograd
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
start riots, which spontaneously spread throughout the city.
* March 10 – The Province of Batangas is formally founded, as one of the Philippines' first encomienda
The ''encomienda'' () was a Spanish labour system that rewarded conquerors with the labour of conquered non-Christian peoples. The labourers, in theory, were provided with benefits by the conquerors for whom they laboured, including military ...
s.
* March 11 – Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Venustiano Carranza is elected president of Mexico; the United States gives '' de jure'' recognition of his government.
* March 12
Events Pre-1600
* 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
* 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...
– The Russian Duma declares a Provisional Government. It was dissolved 4 months later.
* March 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
* 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...
– WWI: The Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
terminates diplomatic relations with Germany.
* March 15 (N.S.) ( March 2, O.S.) – Emperor Nicholas II of Russia abdicates his throne and his son's claims. This is considered to be the end of the Russian Empire, after 196 years.
* March 16 (N.S.) ( March 3, O.S.) – Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia
Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia (russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович, r=Mikhail Aleksandrovich; 13 June 1918) was the youngest son and fifth child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and youngest brother of Nicholas ...
refuses the throne, and power passes to the newly formed Provisional Government, under Prince Georgy Lvov
Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov (7/8 March 1925) was a Russian aristocrat and statesman who served as the first prime minister of republican Russia from 15 March to 20 July 1917. During this time he served as Russia's ''de facto'' head of stat ...
.
* March 25
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto.
* 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...
– The Georgian Orthodox Church restores the autocephaly
Autocephaly (; from el, αὐτοκεφαλία, meaning "property of being self-headed") is the status of a hierarchical Christian church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop. The term is primarily used in Eastern O ...
, abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811
Events
January–March
* January 8 – An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes, in St. Charles and St. James Parishes, Louisiana.
* January 17 – Mexican War of Independence – Battle of Calderón Brid ...
.
* March 26 – WWI – First Battle of Gaza: British Egyptian Expeditionary Force troops virtually encircle the Gaza garrison, but are then ordered to withdraw, leaving the city to the Ottoman defenders.
* March 30 – Hjalmar Hammarskjöld
Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskjöld (; 4 February 1862 – 12 October 1953) was a Swedish politician, scholar, cabinet minister, Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 (first chamber), and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917.
In 1890, he m ...
steps down as Prime Minister of Sweden; he is replaced by right-wing businessman and politician Carl Swartz
Carl Johan Gustaf Swartz (5 June 1858 – 6 November 1926) was a Swedish right-wing politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from March to October 1917. He also served as Minister for Finance from 1906 to 1911. He married Dagmar L ...
.
* March 31
Events Pre-1600
* 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian.
*1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V ...
– The United States takes possession of the Danish West Indies, which become the US Virgin Islands, after paying $25 million to Denmark.
April
* April – ''Imokawa Mukuzo Genkanban no Maki
was once considered to be the first professional Japanese animated film ever made. It was made by Ōten Shimokawa in 1917 to be shown in a cinema, in this case, in the Asakusa Kinema Kurabu, a theater in Tokyo managed directly by the film compa ...
'', the first anime, is released in Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
.
* April 2 – WWI: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson asks the United States Congress for a declaration of war
A declaration of war is a formal act by which one state (polity), state announces existing or impending war activity against another. The declaration is a performative speech act (or the signing of a document) by an authorized party of a nationa ...
on Germany.
* April 6 – WWI: The United States declares war on Germany.
* April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
*1139 – Ro ...
(N.S.) ( March 26, O.S.) – In Petrograd
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
, 40,000 ethnic Estonians demand national autonomy within Russia.
* April 9–May 16 – WWI: Battle of Arras (1917), Battle of Arras – British Empire troops make a significant advance on the Western Front but are unable to achieve a breakthrough.
* April 9–April 12, 12 – WWI: Canadian troops win the Battle of Vimy Ridge.
* April 10 – Eddystone explosion: an explosion at an ammunition plant near Chester, Pennsylvania, kills 139, mostly female workers.
* April 11 – WWI: First Brazilian Republic, Brazil severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
* April 12 (N.S.) ( March 30 O.S.) – The Autonomous Governorate of Estonia is formed within Russia, from the Governorate of Estonia and the northern part of the Governorate of Livonia.
* April 16
** (N.S.) (April 3, O.S.) – Vladimir Lenin arrives at the Finland Station in Petrograd
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
.
** WWI: The Nivelle Offensive commences.
* April 17
** (N.S.) (April 4, O.S.) – Vladimir Lenin's April Theses are published. They become very influential in the following July Days and Bolshevik Revolution.
** WWI: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins the Second Battle of Gaza. This unsuccessful frontal attack on strong Ottoman Empire, Ottoman defences along with the first battle, results in 10,000 casualties, the dismissal of force commander General Archibald Murray, and the beginning of the Stalemate in Southern Palestine.
** ''The Times'' and the ''Daily Mail'' (London newspapers both owned by Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, Lord Northcliffe) print atrocity propaganda of the supposed existence of a German Corpse Factory processing dead soldiers' bodies.
* April 19 – WWI: Army transport fires the United States' first shots in anger in the war when her gun crew drives off a German U-boat in the English Channel seven miles southeast of Beachy Head.
* April 26 – WWI: The Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, between France, Italy and the United Kingdom, to settle interests in the Middle East, is signed.
May
* May 3 – WWI: 1917 French Army mutinies begin. * May 9 – WWI: The Nivelle Offensive is abandoned. * May 13 – Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope Pius XII, is consecrated Archbishop by Pope Benedict XV. * May 13–October 13 (at monthly intervals) – 10-year-old Lúcia Santos and her cousins Francisco and Jacinta Marto report experiencing a series of Marian apparitions near Fátima, Portugal, which become known as Our Lady of Fátima. * May 15 – Robert Nivelle is replaced as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army in World War I, French Army, by Philippe Pétain. * May 18 – WWI: The Selective Service Act of 1917, Selective Service Act passes the United States Congress, giving the President of the United States, President the power of conscription. * May 21 – Over 300 acres (73 blocks) are destroyed in the Great Atlanta fire of 1917 in the United States. * May 22 **The Commissioned Officer Corps of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey is established. **Lynching of Ell Persons, Ell Persons is lynched in Memphis, in connection with the rape and murder of 16-year-old Antoinette Rappal. * May 23 ** A month of civil violence in Milan, Italy ends, after the Italian army forcibly takes over the city from anarchists and anti-war revolutionaries; 50 people are killed and 800 arrested. ** WWI: During the Stalemate in Southern Palestine the Raid on the Beersheba to Hafir el Auja railway, by the British Desert Column, large sections of the railway line linking Beersheba to the main Ottoman Army, Ottoman desert base are destroyed. * May 26 – A May–June 1917 tornado outbreak sequence, tornado strikes Mattoon, Illinois, causing devastation and killing 101 people. * May 27 – WWI: 1917 French Army mutinies: Over 30,000 French troops refuse to go to the trenches at Missy-aux-Bois. * May 27 – Pope Benedict XV Promulgation (Catholic canon law), promulgates the 1917 Code of Canon Law, 1917 ''Code of Canon Law''.June
* June 1 – 1917 French Army mutinies: A French infantry regiment seizes Missy-aux-Bois, and declares an anti-war military government. Other French army troops soon apprehend them. * June 4 – The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded: Laura E. Richards, Maud Howe Elliott and Florence Hall (Pulitzer Prize winner), Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer Prize, Pulitzer for a biography, (for ''Julia Ward Howe''). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer Prize, Pulitzer for history, for his work ''With Americans of Past and Present Days.'' Herbert Bayard Swope receives the first Pulitzer Prize, Pulitzer for journalism, for his work for the ''New York World.'' * June 5 – WWI: Conscription begins in the United States. * June 7 – WWI: Battle of Messines (1917), Battle of Messines opens with the British Army detonating 24 ammonal Mining (military), mines under the German lines, killing 10,000 in the deadliest deliberate non-nuclear man-made explosion in history. * June 8 – Speculator Mine disaster: A fire at the Granite Mountain and Speculator ore mine, outside Butte, Montana, kills at least 168 workers. * June 11 – King Constantine I of Greece abdicates for the first time, being succeeded by his son Alexander of Greece, Alexander. * June 13 – WWI: The first major German bombing raid on London by fixed-wing aircraft leaves 162 dead and 432 injured. * June 15 – The United States enacts the Espionage Act of 1917, Espionage Act.July
* July – The first Cottingley Fairies photographs are taken in Yorkshire, England, apparently depicting fairies (a hoax not admitted by the child creators until 1981). * July 1 ** East St. Louis riot: A labor dispute ignites a race riot in East St. Louis, Illinois, which leaves 250 dead. ** Russian General Aleksei Brusilov, Brusilov begins the major Kerensky Offensive in Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia, initially advancing towards Lemberg. * July 2 – WWI: Greece joins the war on the side of the Allies of World War I, Allies. * July 6 – WWI: ** Battle of Aqaba: Arab Revolt, Arabian troops, led by T. E. Lawrence, capture Aqaba from the Ottoman Empire. ** The Conscription Crisis of 1917 in Canada leads to passage of the Military Service Act. * July 7 – The Lions Clubs International is formed in the United States. * July 8–July 13, 13 – WWI – Battles of Ramadi (1917)#First Battle of Ramadi, First Battle of Ramadi: British troops fail to take Ramadi from the Ottoman Empire; a majority of British casualties are due to extreme heat. * July 12 – Bisbee Deportation: The Phelps Dodge Corporation deports over 1,000 suspected Industrial Workers of the World, IWW members from Bisbee, Arizona. * July 16–July 17 – Russian Empire, Russian troops mutiny, abandon the Austria-Hungary, Austrian front, and retreat to Ukraine; hundreds are shot by their commanding officers during the retreat. * July 16–July 18 – July Days: Serious clashes occur inPetrograd
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
; Vladimir Lenin escapes to Grand Principality of Finland, Finland; Leon Trotsky is arrested.
* July 17 – King George V of the United Kingdom issues a proclamation, stating that thenceforth the male line descendants of the British Royal Family will bear the surname House of Windsor, Windsor, vice the Germanic bloodline of ''House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha'', which is an offshoot of the historic (800+ years) House of Wettin.
* July 20
** The Parliament of Finland, with a Social Democratic Party of Finland, Social Democratic majority, passes a "Sovereignty Act", declaring itself, as the representative of the Finnish people, sovereign over the Grand Principality of Finland. The Russian Provisional Government does not recognize the act, as it would have devolved Russian sovereignty over Finland, formerly exercised by the Russian Emperor as Grand Prince of Finland, and alter the relationship between Finland and Russia into a real union, with Russia solely responsible for the defence and foreign relations of an independent Finland.
** (July 7, O.S.) – Alexander Kerensky becomes premier of the Russian Provisional Government, replacing Prince Georgy Lvov
Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov (7/8 March 1925) was a Russian aristocrat and statesman who served as the first prime minister of republican Russia from 15 March to 20 July 1917. During this time he served as Russia's ''de facto'' head of stat ...
.
** The Russian Provisional Government enacts women's suffrage.
** The Corfu Declaration, which enables the establishment of the post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and the Kingdom of Serbia.
* July 20–July 28 – WWI: Austria-Hungary, Austrian and German Empire, German forces repulse the Russian Empire, Russian advance into Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia.
* July 25 – Sir William Thomas White introduces Canada's first income tax as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).
* July 28 – The Silent Parade is organized by the NAACP in New York City, to protest the East St. Louis riot of July 2, as well as lynchings in Tennessee and Texas.
* July 30 – The Parliament of Finland is dissolved by the Russian Provisional Government. New elections are held in the autumn, resulting in a bourgeois majority.
* July 31 – WWI – Battle of Passchendaele ("Third Battle of Ypres"): Allied offensive operations commence in Flanders.
August
* August 2–August 3 – The Green Corn Rebellion, an uprising by several hundred farmers against the WWI draft, takes place in central Oklahoma. * August 2 – Edwin Harris Dunning, Squadron Commander E.H. Dunning]lands his aircraft on the ship
in Scapa Flow, Orkney. He is killed 5 days later during another landing on the ship. * August 3 – The New York Guard is founded. * August 10 – A general strike begins in Spain; it is smashed after 3 days with 70 left dead, hundreds of wounded and 2,000 arrests. * August 14 – The
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.
* August 17 – One of English literature's important meetings takes place, when Wilfred Owen introduces himself to Siegfried Sassoon at the Craiglockhart War Hospital in Edinburgh.
* August 18 – The Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 in Greece destroys 32% of the city, leaving 70,000 individuals homeless.
* August 29 – WWI: The Military Service Act (Canada), Military Service Act is passed in the House of Commons of Canada, giving the Government of Canada the right to conscript men into the army.
September
* September 14 (September 1 Old Style) – Russia is declared a Russian Republic, republic by the Provisional Government. * September 23 – Leon Trotsky is elected Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet. * September 25 – The Mossovet (Moscow Soviet of People's Deputies) votes to side with the Bolsheviks. * September 26–October 3 – WWI – Battle of Polygon Wood (part of the Battle of Passchendaele) near Ypres in Belgium: British and Australian troops capture positions from the Germans. * September 28–September 29, 29 – WWI – Battles of Ramadi (1917)#Second Battle of Ramadi, Second Battle of Ramadi: British troops take Ramadi from the Ottoman Empire.October
* October 4 – WWI: Battle of Broodseinde near Ypres – British Imperial forces overpower the 4th Army (German Empire), German 4th Army's defences. * October 12 – WWI: First Battle of Passchendaele: – Allies fail to take a German defensive position, with the biggest loss of life in a single day for New Zealand, over 800 men and 45 officers are killed, roughly 1 in 1,000 of the nation's population at this time. * October 12-October 19, 19 – WWI: Operation Albion – German forces land on and capture the West Estonian archipelago. * October 13 – The Miracle of the Sun is reported at Fátima, Portugal. * October 19 ** Dallas Love Field Airport is opened in Texas. **Carl Swartz
Carl Johan Gustaf Swartz (5 June 1858 – 6 November 1926) was a Swedish right-wing politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from March to October 1917. He also served as Minister for Finance from 1906 to 1911. He married Dagmar L ...
leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden, after dismal election results for the right-wing in the Riksdag elections in September. He is replaced by liberal leader and history professor Nils Edén.
* October 23 – A Brazil during World War I, Brazilian ship is destroyed by a German U-Boat, encouraging Brazil to enter World War I.
* October 24 – WWI: Battle of Caporetto opens between the Kingdom of Italy and the Central Powers near Kobarid in the Austrian Littoral. It is the first major engagement for junior German officer Erwin Rommel.
* October 26 – WWI: First Brazilian Republic#Brazil in World War I, Brazil declares war against the Central Powers.
* October 27 – WWI: Battle of Buqqar Ridge – Ottoman Empire, Ottoman forces attack British Desert Mounted Corps units garrisoning El-Buqqar Ridge, during the last days of the Stalemate in Southern Palestine.
* October 31 – WWI: Battle of Beersheba (1917), Battle of Beersheba – The British XX Corps (United Kingdom), XX Corps and Desert Mounted Corps ( Egyptian Expeditionary Force) attack and capture Beersheba from Ottoman forces, ending the stalemate in Southern Palestine. The battle includes a rare (by this date) mounted Charge (warfare), charge, by Australian mounted infantry.
November
* November 1 – WWI: ** The British XXI Corps (United Kingdom), XXI Corps of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins the Third Battle of Gaza. ** The British Desert Mounted Corps begins the Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe, in the direction of Hebron and Jerusalem. * November 2 – Zionism: The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour makes the Balfour Declaration, proclaiming British support for the "establishment in Palestine (region), Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people..., it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities". * November 5 (N.S.) (October 23, O.S.) – Estonian and Russian Bolsheviks seize power in Tallinn, Autonomous Governorate of Estonia, two days before the October Revolution inPetrograd
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
.
* November 6
** WWI – Second Battle of Passchendaele: After 3 months of fierce fighting, Canadian forces take Passendale, Passchendaele in Belgium (the battle concludes on November 10).
** WWI: The Battle of Hareira and Sheria is launched by the British XX Corps (United Kingdom), XX Corps and Desert Mounted Corps, against the central Ottoman Army, Ottoman defences protecting the Gaza to Beersheba Road.
** Militants from Trotsky's committee join with trusty Bolshevik soldiers, to seize government buildings and pounce on members of the provisional government.
* November 7
** (N.S.) (October 25, O.S.) – October Revolution in Russia: The workers of the St. Petersburg, Petrograd Workers' council, Soviet in Russia, led by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Bolshevik Party and leader Vladimir Lenin, storm the Winter Palace and successfully destroy the Alexander Kerensky, Kerensky Provisional Government after less than eight months of rule. This immediately triggers the Russian Civil War.
** History of Iran, Iran (which has provided weapons for Russia) refuses to support the Allies of World War II, Allied Forces after the October Revolution.
** WWI – Third Battle of Gaza: The British Army XXI Corps (United Kingdom), XXI Corps occupies Gaza City, Gaza, after the Ottoman Army, Ottoman garrison withdraws.
** WWI: The Battle of Hareira and Sheria continues, when the XX Corps (United Kingdom), XX Corps and Desert Mounted Corps capture Hareira and Sheria, marking the end of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Gaza to Beersheba line.
** Women's suffrage in the United States, Women's Suffrage in the United States: Women win the right to vote in New York State.
* November 8
** (N.S.) (October 26, O.S.) – Following the October Revolution, Alexandra Kollontai is appointed People's Commissar for Social Welfare in the Council of People's Commissars of the Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the first woman Cabinet (government), cabinet Minister (government), minister in Europe.
* November 13 – WWI:
** Battle of Mughar Ridge: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force attacks retreating Yildirim Army Group forces, resulting in the capture of 10,000 Ottoman Army, Ottoman prisoners, 100 guns and of Palestine (region), Palestine territory.
** The ANZAC Mounted Division (Desert Mounted Corps) successfully fights the Battle of Ayun Kara, in the aftermath of the Battle of Mughar Ridge against strong German Empire, German rearguards.
* November 15
** Night of Terror (event), "Night of Terror" in the United States: Influential suffragettes from the Silent Sentinels are deliberately subjected to physical assaults by guards while imprisoned.
** The Parliament of Finland passes another "Sovereignty Act", dissolving Russian sovereignty over Finland and effectively declaring Finland independent.
** (N.S.) (November 2, O.S.) – The Estonian Provincial Assembly, Provincial Assembly of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia declares itself the highest legal body in Estonia, in opposition to Bolsheviks.
* November 16
** WWI: Battle of Ayun Kara: The ANZAC Mounted Division occupies Jaffa.
** Georges Clemenceau becomes prime minister of France.
* November 17
** WWI: Action of 17 November 1917: United States Navy destroyers USS Fanning (DD-37), USS ''Fanning'' and USS Nicholson (DD-52), USS ''Nicholson'' capture Imperial German Navy U-boat SM U-58, SM ''U-58'' off the south-west coast of Ireland, the first combat action in which U.S. ships take a submarine (which is then scuttled).
** WWI: The Battle of Jerusalem (1917) begins, with the Egyptian Expeditionary Force launching attacks against Ottoman Army, Ottoman forces in the Judean Hills.
** The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals is founded in the United Kingdom.
* November 19 – WWI: Battle of Caporetto ends with Austrian and German forces driving the Italian army to retreat 150 kilometres south to the Piave river. The Italians lose 13,000 killed, 30,000 wounded, around 270,000 taken prisoner (mostly willingly) and 50,000 Desertion, deserted; the government of Paolo Boselli collapses on November 29.
* November 20
** WWI: Battle of Cambrai (1917), Battle of Cambrai – British forces, using tanks, make early progress in an attack on German positions, but are soon beaten back.
** The Ukraine is declared a republic.
* November 22 – In Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the National Hockey Association suspends operations.
* November 23 – The Bolsheviks release the full text of the previously secret Sykes–Picot Agreement of 1916 in ''Izvestia'' and ''Pravda''; it is printed in the ''Manchester Guardian'' on November 26.
* November 24 – A bomb kills 9 members of the Milwaukee Police Department, the most deaths in a single event in U.S. police history (until the September 11 attacks in 2001).
* November 25 – WWI: Battle of Ngomano – German forces defeat a Portuguese army of about 1,200 at Negomano, on the border of modern-day Mozambique and Tanzania.
* November 26 – The National Hockey League is formed in Montreal, as a replacement for the recently disbanded National Hockey Association.
* November 28 – WWI: The Bolsheviks offer peace terms to the German Empire, Germans.
December
* December – Annie Besant becomes president of the Indian National Congress. * December 3 – After nearly 20 years of planning and construction, the Quebec Bridge opens to traffic (the bridge partially collapsed on August 29, 1907 and September 11, 1916).
* December 6
** The Senate of Finland officially declares the Independence of Finland, country's independence from Russia.
** Halifax Explosion: Two freighters collide in Halifax Harbour at Halifax, Nova Scotia, and cause a huge explosion that kills at least 1,963 people, injures 9,000 and destroys part of the city (the biggest man-made explosion in recorded history until the Trinity (nuclear test), Trinity nuclear weapons testing, nuclear test in 1945).
** WWI: U.S. Navy destroyer is torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by German submarine , killing 66 crew in the first significant American naval loss of the war.
* December 9 – WWI – Battle of Jerusalem (1917), Battle of Jerusalem: The British Egyptian Expeditionary Force accepts the surrender of Jerusalem by the mayor, Hussein al-Husayni, following the effective defeat of the Ottoman Empire's Yildirim Army Group.
* December 11 – WWI: General Edmund Allenby leads units of the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force into Jerusalem on foot through, the Jaffa Gate.
* December 17 – The ''Raad van Vlaanderen (World War I), Raad van Vlaanderen'' proclaims the independence of Flanders.
* December 20 (N.S.) (December 7, O.S.) – The Cheka, a predecessor to the KGB, is established in Russia.
* December 23 (N.S.) (December 10, O.S.) – A local plebiscite supports transferring Narva and Ivangorod (''Jaanilinn'') from the Petrograd Governorate, to the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia.
* December 25 – Jesse Lynch Williams's ''Why Marry?'', the first dramatic play to win a Pulitzer Prize, opens at the Astor Theatre, New York City.
* December 26 – United States President Woodrow Wilson uses the Federal Possession and Control Act to place most U.S. railroads under the United States Railroad Administration, hoping to transport troops and materials for the war effort more efficiently.
* December 30 – WWI: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force secures the victory at the Battle of Jerusalem (1917)#Defence of Jerusalem, Battle of Jerusalem, by successfully defending Jerusalem from numerous Yildirim Army Group counterattacks.
Date unknown
* The first edition of the World Book Encyclopedia – simply known as The World Book – is published by the Hanson-Roach-Fowler Company, and is one of the first American encyclopedias to cover the major areas of knowledge to a mass audience. * Women are permitted to stand in national elections in the Netherlands. * The True Jesus Church is established in Beijing. * Nakajima Aircraft Company, as predecessor of Subaru Corporation, Subaru, a car manufacturing company in Japan, founded in Ota, Gunma Prefecture.Births
January
* January 2
** Vera Zorina, Norwegian dancer, actress (d. 2003)
** K. M. Mathew, Indian newspaper editor (d. 2010)
* January 3
** Liu Zhonghua, Chinese military officer (d. 2018)
** D. J. Finney, British statistician (d. 2018)
* January 5
** Adolfo Consolini, Italian discus thrower (d. 1969)
** Lucienne Day, British textile designer (d. 2010)
** Francis L. Kellogg, American diplomat, prominent socialite (d. 2006)
** Jane Wyman, American actress, philanthropist, and first wife of Ronald Reagan (d. 2007)
* January 6 – Koo Chen-fu, Nationalist Chinese negotiator (d. 2005)
* January 10
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war.
* 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...
** Saul Cherniack, Canadian politician, lawyer (d. 2018)
** Jerry Wexler, American record producer (d. 2008)
* January 12 – Jimmy Skinner, American hockey coach (d. 2007)
* January 15 – K. A. Thangavelu, Indian film actor, comedian (d. 1994)
* January 17 – M. G. Ramachandran, Tamil Nadu chief minister, actor (d. 1987)
* January 21 – Erling Persson, Swedish businessman, founder of H&M (d. 2002)
* January 24 – Ernest Borgnine, American actor (d. 2012)
* January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
** Ilya Prigogine, Russian-born physicist, chemist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2003)
** Jânio Quadros, 22nd President of Brazil (d. 1992)
* January 26 – Louis Zamperini, American prisoner of war (World War II), Olympic distance athlete (1936), and Christian evangelist (d. 2014)
* January 29 – John Raitt, American actor, singer (d. 2005)
February
* February 2 – Đỗ Mười, Vietnamese leader (d. 2018)
* February 3
Events Pre-1600
* 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.
*1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
*1488 – ...
– Shlomo Goren, Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel (d. 1994)
* February 4 – Yahya Khan, 3rd President of Pakistan (d. 1980)
* February 5
Events Pre-1600
* 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy.
* 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion.
* 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...
– Isuzu Yamada, Japanese actress (d. 2012)
* February 6
** John Franzese, Italian-born American prisoner (d. 2020)
** Zsa Zsa Gabor, Hungarian-born actress (d. 2016)
* February 9 – Joseph Conombo, Prime Minister of Upper Volta (d. 2008)
* February 11
** T. Nagi Reddy, Indian revolutionary (d. 1976)
** Sidney Sheldon, American author, television writer (d. 2007)
* February 14 – Herbert A. Hauptman, American mathematician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2011)
* February 17
** Abdel Rahman Badawi, Egyptian existentialist philosopher (d. 2002)
** Whang-od, Filipino ''mambabatok'' or tattoo artist
* February 18 – Tuulikki Pietilä, Finnish artist (d. 2009)
* February 19 – Carson McCullers, American author (d. 1967)
* February 20 – Juan Vicente Torrealba, Venezuelan harpist, composer (d. 2019)
* February 21 – Lucille Bremer, American actress, dancer (d. 1996)
* February 23
Events Pre-1600
* 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.
* 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...
– Abdelmunim Al-Rifai, 2-time prime minister of Jordan (d. 1985)
* February 25
** Anthony Burgess, English author (d. 1993)
** Brenda Joyce (actress), Brenda Joyce, American actress (d. 2009)
* February 27
** John Connally, Governor of Texas (d. 1993)
** Laine Mesikäpp, Estonian actress, singer and folk song collector (d. 2012)
* February 28 – Ernesto Alonso, Mexican actor, director, cinematographer, and producer (d. 2007)
March
* March 1
** Robert Lowell, American poet (d. 1977)
** Dinah Shore, American singer (d. 1994)
* March 2
** Desi Arnaz, Cuban-born American actor, bandleader, musician, and television producer; co-founder of Desilu Productions (d. 1986)
** Babiker Awadalla, 8th Prime Minister of Sudan (d. 2019)
** Max Webb, Polish-American real estate developer and philanthropist (d. 2018)
* March 3 – Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear scientist (d. 1952)
* March 5 – Raymond P. Shafer, 39th Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 2006)
* March 6
** Samael Aun Weor, Colombian writer (d. 1977)
** Will Eisner, American cartoonist (d. 2005)
* March 12
Events Pre-1600
* 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
* 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...
** Giovanni Benedetti, Italian Catholic prelate (d. 2017)
** Leonard Chess, Polish-American record company executive, co-founder of Chess Records (d. 1969)
** Googie Withers, British actress (d. 2011)
* March 16 – Mehrdad Pahlbod, Iranian royal and politician (d. 2018)
* March 18 – Mircea Ionescu-Quintus, Romanian politician (d. 2017)
* March 19
** Dinu Lipatti, Romanian pianist (d. 1950)
** Sardon Jubir, Malaysian politician (d. 1985)
* March 20
** Haddon Donald, New Zealand Army Lieutenant Colonel and politician (d. 2018)
** Dame Vera Lynn, English actress, singer (d. 2020)
* March 21 – Yigael Yadin, Israeli archeologist, politician, and Military Chief of Staff (d. 1984)
* March 22 – Virginia Grey, American actress (d. 2004)
* March 24
** Constantine Andreou, Brazilian-Greek artist (d. 2007)
** John Kendrew, British molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1997)
* March 26 – Rufus Thomas, American singer (d. 2001)
* March 27 – Cyrus Vance, American politician (d. 2002)
April
* April 1 – Sydney Newman, Canadian-born television producer (d. 1997)
* April 5 – Robert Bloch, American writer (d. 1994)
* April 7
** R. G. Armstrong, American actor (d. 2012)
** Mongo Santamaría, Cuban jazz musician (d. 2003)
* April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
*1139 – Ro ...
– Hubertus Ernst, Dutch Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2017)
* April 9 – Brad Dexter, American actor (d. 2002)
* April 10 – Robert Burns Woodward, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
* April 11 – Morton Sobell, American spy (d. 2018)
* April 12 – Džemal Bijedić, Yugoslav politician (d. 1977)
* April 13
** Bill Clements, Governor of Texas (d. 2011)
** Li Rui (politician), Li Rui, Chinese Communist Party politician (d. 2019)
* April 14 – Valerie Hobson, British actress (d. 1998)
* April 15 – Hans Conried, American actor (d. 1982)
* April 16 – Barry Nelson, American actor (d. 2007)
* April 22 – Yvette Chauviré, French ballerina (d. 2016)
* April 23 – Dorian Leigh, American model (d. 2008)
* April 25 – Ella Fitzgerald, American jazz singer (d. 1996)
* April 26 – I. M. Pei, Chinese-born architect (d. 2019)
* April 28 – Minoru Chiaki, Japanese actor (d. 1999)
* April 29
** Bernard Blossac, French fashion illustrator (d. 2002)
** Celeste Holm, American actress (d. 2012)
** Maya Deren, Russian-American experimental filmmaker (d. 1961)
May
* May 1
** John Beradino, American baseball player and actor, best known for his role in ''General Hospital'' (d. 1996)
** Ulric Cross, Trinidadian judge, diplomat and war hero (d. 2013)
** Danielle Darrieux, French singer, actress (d. 2017)
** Fyodor Khitruk, Russian animator (d. 2012)
* May 3
** José Del Vecchio, Venezuelan physician, youth baseball promoter (d. 1990)
** George Gaynes, Finland-born American actor (d. 2016)
** Kiro Gligorov, 1st President of the Republic of Macedonia (d. 2012)
* May 6 – Morihiro Higashikuni, Japanese prince (d. 1969)
* May 7 – David Tomlinson, English actor (d. 2000)
* May 12 – Frank Clair, Canadian football coach (d. 2005)
* May 14 – Lou Harrison, American composer (d. 2003)
* May 15 – Jerzy Duszyński (actor), Jerzy Duszyński, Polish actor (d. 1978)
* May 16 – Juan Rulfo, Mexican writer, photographer (d. 1986)
* May 20 – Bergur Sigurbjörnsson, Icelandic politician (d. 2005)
* May 21 – Raymond Burr, Canadian actor, best known for his role in ''Perry Mason (1957 TV series), Perry Mason'' (d. 1993)
* May 22 – Georg Tintner, Austrian conductor (d. 1999)
* May 24 – Florence Knoll, American architect, furniture designer (d. 2019)
* May 28
** Papa John Creach, African-American fiddler (d. 1994)
** Marshall Reed, American film, television actor (d. 1980)
* May 29 – John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (d. 1963)
* May 31 – Zilka Salaberry, Brazilian actress (d. 2005)
June
* June 1 – William S. Knowles, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
* June 4 – Robert Merrill, American baritone (d. 2004)
* June 6 – Kirk Kerkorian, Armenian-American businessman, billionaire (d. 2015)
* June 7
** Gwendolyn Brooks, African-American writer (d. 2000)
** Dean Martin, American actor, singer (d. 1995)
* June 8 – Byron White, American American football, football player and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 2002)
* June 9 – Eric Hobsbawm, Egyptian-born British historian (d. 2012)
* June 10 – Ruari McLean, Scottish-born typographer (d. 2006)
* June 13 – Augusto Roa Bastos, Paraguayan writer (d. 2005)
* June 14
** Lise Nørgaard, Danish journalist, writer
** Atle Selberg, Norwegian mathematician (d. 2007)
* June 15 – John Fenn (chemist), John Fenn, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
* June 16
** Phaedon Gizikis, President of Greece (d. 1999)
** Katharine Graham, American publisher (d. 2001)
** Irving Penn, American photographer (d. 2009)
* June 17 – Huang Feili, Chinese conductor, musical educator (d. 2017)
* June 18
** Richard Boone, American actor (d. 1981)
** Erik Ortvad, Danish artist (d. 2008)
* June 24 – Ahmad Sayyed Javadi, Iranian lawyer, political activist and politician (d. 2013)
* June 25
** Nils Karlsson, Swedish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2012)
** Claude Seignolle, French author (d. 2018)
* June 26 – Idriz Ajeti, Albanian albanologist (d. 2019)
* June 29 – Ling Yun (politician), Ling Yun, Chinese politician (d. 2018)
* June 30
** Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975)
** Lena Horne, American singer, actress (d. 2010)
July
* July 1
** Shyam Saran Negi, Indian schoolteacher (d. 2022)
** Virginia Dale, American actress, dancer (d. 1994)
** Álvaro Domecq y Díez, Spanish aristocrat (d. 2005)
* July 2 – André Lafargue, French journalist, resistance fighter (d. 2017)
* July 4 – Manolete, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1947)
* July 6
** Heribert Barrera, Spanish chemist, politician (d. 2011)
** Arthur Lydiard, New Zealand runner, athletics coach (d. 2004)
* July 7
** Larry O'Brien, American politician, former NBA commissioner (d. 1990)
** Fidel Sánchez Hernández, President of El Salvador (d. 2003)
* July 9
** Krystyna Dańko, Polish orphan, survivor of the Holocaust (d. 2019)
** Peter Moyes, Australian educator (d. 2007)
* July 10
** Şeref Alemdar, Turkish basketball player (d. unknown)
** Dayton S. Mak, U.S. diplomat (d. 2018)
** Reg Smythe, English cartoonist (d. 1998)
* July 11 – Per Carleson, Swedish épée fencer (d. 2004)
* July 12
** Luigi Gorrini, Italian soldier, pilot (d. 2014)
** Andrew Wyeth, American painter (d. 2009)
** Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Indian statesman (d. 2006)
* July 15
** Robert Conquest, British historian (d. 2015)
** Reidar Liaklev, Norwegian speed skater (d. 2006)
** Joan Roberts, American actress (d. 2012)
* July 17
** Gus Arriola, Mexican-American comic strip cartoonist, animator (d. 2008)
** Phyllis Diller, American actress, comedian (d. 2012)
** Kenan Evren, 7th President of Turkey (d. 2015)
** Generoso Jiménez, Cuban trombone player (d. 2007)
** Nur Muhammad Taraki, Afghan revolutionary communist politician, journalist and writer (d. 1979)
* July 18
** Henri Salvador, French singer (d. 2008)
** Paul Streeten, Austrian-born British economics professor (d. 2019)
* July 19 – William Scranton, American politician (d. 2013)
* July 20 – Paul Hubschmid, Swiss actor (d. 2001)
* July 21
** Alan B. Gold, Canadian lawyer, jurist (d. 2005)
** Sidney Leviss, American Democratic politician (d. 2007)
* July 22
** Larry Hooper, American singer, musician (d. 1983)
** Adam Malik, 3rd Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1984)
* July 23 – Omar Yoke Lin Ong, Malaysian politician, diplomat and businessman (d. 2010)
* July 24 – Henri Betti, French composer, pianist (d. 2005)
* July 25 – Fritz Honegger, 79th president of Switzerland (d. 1999)
* July 26 – Lorna Gray, American actress (d. 2017)
* July 27 – Wu Zhonghua, Chinese physicist, pioneered three-dimensional flow theory (d. 1992)
* July 30 – Keith Rae (footballer), Keith Rae, Australian rules footballer (d. 2021)
August
* August 6 – Robert Mitchum, American actor (d. 1997)
* August 7 – Raja Perempuan Zainab, Queen of Malaysia (d. 1993)
* August 8 – Earl Cameron (actor), Earl Cameron, Bermudian actor (d. 2020)
* August 9 – Jao Tsung-I, Chinese-born Hong Kong scholar, poet, calligrapher and painter (d. 2018)
* August 11 – Vasiľ Biľak, Slovak Communist leader (d. 2014)
* August 12 – Marjorie Reynolds, American actress (d. 1997)
* August 15
** Jack Lynch, 5th Taoiseach, Prime Minister of Ireland (d. 1999)
** Óscar Romero, El Salvador, Salvadoran Roman Catholic Archbishop (d. 1980)
* August 17 – Zvi Keren, American-born Israeli pianist, musicologist and composer (d. 2008)
* August 18 – Caspar Weinberger, United States Secretary of Defense (d. 2006)
* August 21 – Esther Cooper Jackson, African-American civil rights activist (d. 2022)
* August 22 – John Lee Hooker, African-American musician (d. 2001)
* August 23
** Hu Chengzhi, Chinese palaeontologist, palaeoanthropologist (d. 2018)
** Miguel Alvarez del Toro, Mexican biologist (d. 1996)
* August 25
** Mel Ferrer, Cuban-American actor, film director, producer (d. 2008)
** Lisbeth Movin, Danish actress (d. 2011)
** Lou van Burg, Dutch television personality, game show host (d. 1986)
* August 26 – William French Smith, 74th United States Attorney General (d. 1990)
* August 28 – Jack Kirby, American comic book artist (d. 1994)
* August 29 – Isabel Sanford, African-American actress, best known for her role in ''The Jeffersons'' (d. 2004)
* August 30 – Denis Healey, English politician, author (d. 2015)
September
* September 5 – Pedro E. Guerrero, American photographer (d. 2012)
* September 6 – Philipp von Boeselager, German Wehrmacht officer, failed assassin of Adolf Hitler (d. 2008)
* September 7
** Xerardo Fernández Albor, Spanish politician and physician (d. 2018)
** Leonard Cheshire, British war hero (d. 1992)
** John Cornforth, Australian chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
** Tetsuo Hamuro, Japanese swimmer (d. 2005)
* September 10 – Miguel Serrano, Chilean diplomat, explorer and journalist (d. 2009)
* September 11
** Donald Blakeslee, American aviator (d. 2008)
** Herbert Lom, Czech-born British actor (d. 2012)
** Ferdinand Marcos, 10th President of the Philippines (d. 1989)
** Jessica Mitford, Anglo-American writer (d. 1996)
** Daniel Wildenstein, French art dealer, racehorse owner (d. 2001)
* September 17 – Henry Pearce (politician), Henry Pearce, Australian politician (d. 1992)
* September 18 – June Foray, American voice actress (d. 2017)
* September 20
** Red Auerbach, American basketball coach, official (d. 2006)
** Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (d. 1994)
* September 22 – Anna Campori, Italian actress (d. 2018)
* September 23
**Asima Chatterjee, Indian chemist (d. 2006)
**El Santo, Mexican professional wrestler and actor (d. 1984)
* September 24 – Otto Günsche, German general (d. 2003)
* September 26 – Tran Duc Thao, Vietnamese phenomenologist and Marxist philosopher (d. 1993)
* September 28 – Wee Chong Jin, Singaporean judge (d. 2005)
October
* October 2
** Christian de Duve, English-born biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2013)
** Charles Drake (actor), Charles Drake, American actor (d. 1994)
* October 6 – Fannie Lou Hamer, African-American civil rights activist (d. 1977)
* October 7 – June Allyson, American actress (d. 2006)
* October 8 – Rodney Robert Porter, English biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)
* October 10 – Thelonious Monk, African-American jazz pianist (d. 1982)
* October 15 – Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., American historian, political commentator (d. 2007)
* October 17
** Martin Donnelly (cricketer), Martin Donnelly, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1999)
** Marsha Hunt (actress, born 1917), Marsha Hunt, American actress (d. 2022)
* October 19 – Walter Munk, Austrian-born American oceanographer (d. 2019)
* October 20
** Jean-Pierre Melville, French film director, film producer, and screenwriter (d. 1973)
** Stéphane Hessel, French diplomat and writer (d. 2013)
** X. M. Sellathambu, Sri Lankan Tamil politician (d. 1984)
* October 21 – Dizzy Gillespie, African-American musician (d. 1993)
* October 22 – Joan Fontaine, British-born actress (d. 2013)
* October 24 – Fang Huai, Chinese military officer and major general of PLA (d. 2019)
* October 27 – Oliver Tambo, South African activist, revolutionary (d. 1993)
* October 28
** Shams Pahlavi, Iranian royal (d. 1996)
** Jack Soo, Japanese-American actor (d. 1979)
* October 30
** Paul Eberhard, Swiss bobsledder (d. 1983)
** Maurice Trintignant, French racing driver (d. 2005)
* October 31 – Gordon Steege, Australian military officer (d. 2013)
November
* November 1 – Erich Rudorffer, German fighter ace (d. 2016)
* November 2
** Durward Knowles, Bahamian sailor, Olympic champion (d. 2018)
** Ann Rutherford, Canadian actress (d. 2012)
* November 3 – Chung Sze-yuen, Hong Kong politician (d. 2018)
* November 4 – Virginia Field, British-born actress (d. 1992)
* November 5 – Jacqueline Auriol, French aviator (d. 2000)
* November 10 – Koun Wick, Cambodian statesman and diplomat (d. 1999)
* November 11 – Madeleine Damerment, French WWII heroine (d. 1944)
* November 12
** Hedley Jones, Jamaican musician (d. 2017)
** Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim, Malaysian judge (d. 2000)
** Jo Stafford, American traditional pop singer (d. 2008)
* November 13 – Infanta Alicia, Duchess of Calabria, Austrian-born Spanish and Italian princess (d. 2017)
* November 14 – Park Chung-hee, 3rd president of South Korea (d. 1979)
* November 18 – Pedro Infante, Mexican actor, singer (d. 1957)
* November 19 – Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (d. 1984)
* November 22 – Andrew Huxley, English scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2012)
* November 24 – Shabtai Rosenne, British-born Israeli diplomat, jurist (d. 2010)
* November 28
** Orville Rogers, American pilot, competitive runner (d. 2019)
** Xiang Shouzhi, Chinese general (d. 2017)
* November 29 – Pierre Gaspard-Huit, French film director, screenwriter (d. 2017)
December
* December 5 – Wenche Foss, Norwegian actress (d. 2011)
* December 6 – Kamal Jumblatt, leader of the Lebanese Druze (d. 1977)
* December 7 – Hurd Hatfield, American actor (d. 1998)
* December 8 – Ian Johnson (cricketer), Ian Johnson, Australian cricketer (d. 1998)
* December 9 – James Rainwater, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
* December 10 – Sultan Yahya Petra of Kelantan, King of Malaysia (d. 1979)
* December 15 – Shan-ul-Haq Haqqee, Pakistani poet, author and lexicographer (d. 2005)
* December 16
** Sir Arthur C. Clarke, English science-fiction author, best known for co-writing the screenplay of ''2001: A Space Odyssey (film), 2001: A Space Odyssey'' (d. 2008)
** Beatrice Wright (psychologist), Beatrice Wright, American psychologist (d. 2018)
* December 18 – Ossie Davis, African-American actor, film director and activist (d. 2005)
* December 19 – Paul Brinegar, American actor (d. 1995)
* December 20
** David Bohm, American-born physicist, philosopher and neuropsychologist (d. 1992)
** Petrus Hugo, South African Second World War, WWII fighter pilot (d. 1986)
** Audrey Totter, American actress (d. 2013)
* December 21 – Heinrich Böll, German writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)
* December 22 – Marthe Gosteli, Swiss women's suffrage campaigner (d. 2017)
* December 25
** Lincoln Verduga Loor, Ecuadorian journalist, politician (d. 2009)
** Arseny Mironov, Russian scientist, engineer and pilot (d. 2019)
* December 28 – Ellis Clarke, 1st President of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2010)
* December 29 – Ramanand Sagar, Indian film director (d. 2005)
* December 30 – Seymour Melman, American industrial engineer (d. 2004)
* December 31 – Suzy Delair, French actress, singer (d. 2020)
Date unknown
* Hazza' al-Majali, 22nd & 32nd Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1960)Deaths
January–March
* January 2 – Edward Burnett Tylor, Sir Edward Tylor, English anthropologist (b. 1832)
* January 4 – Frederick Selous, British explorer (b. 1851)
* January 6
** Frederick William Borden, Sir Frederick Borden, Canadian politician (b. 1847)
**Hendrick Peter Godfried Quack, Dutch economist, historian (b. 1834)
* January 8 – Mary Arthur McElroy, ''de facto'' First Lady of the United States (b. 1841)
* January 10
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war.
* 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...
– Buffalo Bill, American frontiersman (b. 1846)
* January 16
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.
* 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...
– George Dewey, U.S. admiral (b. 1837)
* January 18 – Andrew Murray (minister), Andrew Murray, South African author, educationist and pastor (b. 1828)
* January 28 – Yikuang, Prince Qing of the First Rank (b. 1838)
* January 29 – Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer, British diplomat and colonial administrator (b. 1841)
* February 3
Events Pre-1600
* 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.
*1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
*1488 – ...
– Alexey Abaza, Russian admiral and politician (b. 1853)
* February 5
Events Pre-1600
* 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy.
* 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion.
* 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...
– Jaber II Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1860)
* February 8 – Anton Haus, Austro-Hungarian admiral (b. 1851)
* February 10 – John William Waterhouse, Italian-born English artist (b. 1849)
* February 16 – Octave Mirbeau, French art critic and novelist (b. 1848)
* February 17 – Carolus-Duran, French painter (b. 1837)
* February 21
** Joaquín Dicenta, Spanish writer (b. 1862)
** Fred Mace, American actor (b. 1878)
* March 5 – Manuel de Arriaga, 1st President of Portugal (b. 1840)
* March 6 – Jules Vandenpeereboom, 17th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1843)
* March 8 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German general and inventor (b. 1838)
*March 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
* 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...
- Robert Viren, Imperial Russian Navy admiral (b. 1857)
* March 17 – Franz Brentano, German philosopher, psychologist (b. 1838)
* March 29 – Maximilian von Prittwitz, German general (b. 1848)
* March 31
Events Pre-1600
* 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian.
*1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V ...
– Emil von Behring, German winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854)
April–June
* April 1 – Scott Joplin, African-American ragtime composer, pianist (b. c.1868)
* April 3 – Milton Wright (bishop), Milton Wright, American bishop, father of the Wright brothers (b. 1828)
* April 6 – Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia (1893–1917), Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia (b. 1893)
* April 7 – George Brown (missionary), George Brown, British missionary (b. 1835)
* April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
*1139 – Ro ...
– Richard Olney, American politician (b. 1835)
* April 13 – Diamond Jim Brady, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1856)
* April 14 – L. L. Zamenhof, Polish creator of Esperanto (b. 1859)
* April 18 – F. C. Burnand, British playwright and comic writer (b. 1836)
* April 29 – Tehaapapa III, Tahitian queen (b. 1879)
* May 7 – Albert Ball, British World War I fighter ace, posthumous Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (b. 1896)
* May 17
**Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak (b. 1829)
**Radomir Putnik, Serbian field marshal (b. 1847)
* May 18 – John Nevil Maskelyne, English magician and inventor (b. 1839)
* May 20 – Philipp von Ferrary, Italian stamp collector (b. 1850)
* May 23 – Queen Ranavalona III of Madagascar (b. 1855)
* May 24 – Les Darcy, Australian boxer (b. 1895)
* May 25
** Maksim Bahdanovič, Belarusian poet (b. 1891)
** René Dorme, French World War I fighter ace (b. 1894)
* May 27 – Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev, Imperial Russian Navy admiral and politician (b. 1843)
* May 29 – Kate Harrington (poet), Kate Harrington, American teacher, writer and poet (b. 1831)
* June 3 – Matilda Carse, Irish-born American businesswoman, social reformer (b. 1835)
* June 5 – Karl Emil Schäfer, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1891)
* June 12 – Teresa Carreño, Venezuelan pianist, singer, composer and conductor (b. 1853)
* June 14 – Thomas W. Benoist, American aviator, aircraft designer and manufacturer, founder of the worlds first scheduled airline (b. 1874)
* June 15 – Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian physicist (b. 1867)
* June 17 – José Manuel Pando, 25th President of Bolivia (b. 1849)
* June 18 – Titu Maiorescu, Romanian politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1840)
* June 26 – Ella Giles Ruddy, American author and essayist (b. 1851)
* June 27
** Karl Allmenröder, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1896)
** Gustav von Schmoller, German economist (b. 1838)
* June 29 – Frans Schollaert, 19th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1851)
* June 30
** Antonio de La Gándara, French painter (b. 1861)
** Dadabhai Naoroji, Indian politician (b. 1825)
July–September
* July 2
** William Henry Moody, 35th United States Secretary of the Navy, 45th United States Attorney General, and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1853)
** Herbert Beerbohm Tree, Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree, British actor (b. 1852)
* July 8 – Tom Thomson, Canadian painter (b. 1877)
* July 12
** Donald Cunnell, British World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1893)
** Hugo Simberg, Finnish symbolist painter and graphic artist (b. 1873)
* July 15 – Andrey Selivanov, Russian general and politician (b. 1847)
* July 16 – Philipp Scharwenka, Polish-German composer (b. 1847)
* July 20 – Ignaz Sowinski, Polish architect (b. 1858)
* July 27 – Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss medical researcher, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1841)
* July 28 – Ririkumutima, Queen regent of Burundi
* July 31
** Francis Ledwidge, Irish poet (killed in action) (b. 1887)
** Hedd Wyn, Welsh poet (killed in action) (b. 1887)
* August 3 – Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, German mathematician (b. 1849)
* August 7 – Edwin Harris Dunning, British aviator (b. 1892)
* August 13 – Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1860)
* August 17 – John W. Kern, American Democratic politician (b. 1849)
* August 20 – Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1835)
* August 30 – Alan Leo, British astrologer (b. 1860)
* September 9
** Boris Stürmer, Russian statesman, former prime minister (b. 1848)
** Madge Syers, British figure skater (b. 1881)
* September 11 – Georges Guynemer, French World War I fighter ace (missing in action) (b. 1894)
* September 15 – Kurt Wolff (aviator), Kurt Wolff, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1895)
* September 23 – Werner Voss, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1897)
* September 26 – Edward Miner Gallaudet, American educator of the deaf (b. 1837)
* September 27 – Edgar Degas, French painter (b. 1834)
* September 30 – Patricio Montojo y Pasarón, Spanish admiral (b. 1839)
October–December
* October 3 – Eduardo di Capua, Neapolitan composer and songwriter (b. 1865)
* October 4 – Dave Gallaher, New Zealand rugby union football player (killed in action) (b. 1873)
* October 9 – Sultan Hussein Kamel of Egypt, (b. 1853)
* October 11 – Duke Philipp of Württemberg (b. 1838)
* October 13 – Florence La Badie, American actress (accident) (b. 1888)
* October 15 – Mata Hari, Dutch dancer, spy (executed) (b. 1876)
* October 17 – Bobby Atherton, Welsh footballer (b. 1876)
* October 22 – Bob Fitzsimmons, British boxer, World Heavyweight Champion (b. 1863)
* October 23 – Eugène Grasset, Swiss artist (b. 1845)
* October 27 – Arthur Rhys-Davids, British fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1897)
* October 28 – Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1831)
* October 30 – Heinrich Gontermann, German fighter ace (flying accident) (b. 1896)
* November 2 – Tringe Smajli, Albanian guerrilla fighter and sworn virgin (b. 1880)
* November 3 – Frederick Rodgers, American admiral (b. 1842)
* November 7 – Margaret Cleaves, American physician and writer (b. 1848)
* November 8 – Colin Blythe, English cricketer (b. 1879)
* November 11 – Liliʻuokalani, last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii (b. 1838)
* November 15 – Émile Durkheim, French sociologist (b. 1858)
* November 16 – Adolf Reinach, German philosopher (killed in action) (b. 1883)
* November 17
** Neil Primrose (politician), Neil Primrose, British Liberal MP (killed in action) (b. 1882)
** Auguste Rodin, French sculptor (b. 1840)
* December 8 – Mendele Mocher Sforim, Russian Yiddish, Hebrew writer (b. 1836)
* December 10 – Mackenzie Bowell, Sir Mackenzie Bowell, 5th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1823)
* December 12 – Andrew Taylor Still, American father of osteopathy (b. 1828)
* December 17 – Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, English physician and suffragette (b. 1836)
* December 19 – Richard Maybery, British fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1895)
* December 20 – Eric Campbell (actor), Eric Campbell, Scottish actor (accident) (b. 1879)
* December 22
** Frances Xavier Cabrini, first American canonized as a saint (b. 1850)
** Stanisław Tondos, Polish painter (b. 1854)
* December 24 – Ivan Goremykin, Russian statesman, former prime minister (b. 1839)
* December 28 – Alfred Edwin McKay, Canadian fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1892)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Charles Glover Barkla * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – not awarded * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – not awarded * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Henrik Pontoppidan * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – International Committee of the Red CrossReferences
Further reading
* Williams, John. ''The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914-1918'' (1972) pp 175–242.Primary sources and year books
''New International Year Book 1917'' (1918)
Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 904 pp * ''American Year Book: 1917'' (1918), large compendium of facts about the U.S
online complete edition
{{Authority control 1917,