Events
Below, the events of
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
have the "WWI" prefix.
![HMS Formidable 1898](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/HMS_Formidable_1898.jpg)
January
*
January – British physicist Sir
Joseph Larmor
Sir Joseph Larmor (11 July 1857 – 19 May 1942) was an Irish and British physicist and mathematician who made breakthroughs in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics, and the electron theory of matter. His most influent ...
publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction".
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** WWI: British
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...
battleship
HMS ''Formidable'' is sunk off
Lyme Regis
Lyme Regis is a town in west Dorset, England, west of Dorchester and east of Exeter. Sometimes dubbed the "Pearl of Dorset", it lies by the English Channel at the Dorset–Devon border. It has noted fossils in cliffs and beaches on the Heri ...
,
Dorset
Dorset ( ; archaically: Dorsetshire , ) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset. Covering an area of , ...
, England, by an
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Kaise ...
U-boat
U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare ro ...
, with the loss of 547 crew.
**
Battle of Broken Hill: A train ambush near
Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, is carried out by two men (claiming to be in support of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
) who are killed, together with 4 civilians.
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
* 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
–
Joseph E. Carberry sets an altitude record of , carrying Capt. Benjamin Delahauf Foulois as a passenger, in a fixed-wing aircraft.
*
January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
* 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
** The
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...
rejects a proposal to give women the right to vote.
** ''
A Fool There Was'' premières in the United States, starring
Theda Bara
Theda Bara ( ; born Theodosia Burr Goodman; July 29, 1885 – April 7, 1955) was an American silent film and stage actress.
Bara was one of the more popular actresses of the silent era and one of cinema's early sex symbols. Her femme fatal ...
as a ''
femme fatale''; she quickly becomes one of early cinema's most sensational stars.
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
*38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
– WWI: Caucasus Campaign –
Battle of Sarikamish: Russia defeats Ottoman Turkey.
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
–
Twenty-One Demands
The Twenty-One Demands ( ja, 対華21ヶ条要求, Taika Nijūikkajō Yōkyū; ) was a set of demands made during the First World War by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu to the government of the Republic of China on 18 ...
from
Japan to
China are made.
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrend ...
**
Georges Claude patents the
neon discharge tube for use in advertising.
** WWI: German
Zeppelin
A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, pp ...
s bomb the coastal towns of
Great Yarmouth and
King's Lynn in England for the first time, killing more than 20.
*
January 21
Events Pre-1600
* 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
* 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when ...
–
Kiwanis
Kiwanis International ( ) is an international service club founded in 1915 in Detroit, Michigan. It is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, and is found in more than 80 nations and geographic areas. Since 1987, the organizati ...
is founded in
Detroit
Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at t ...
, Michigan, as The Supreme Lodge Benevolent Order Brothers.
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 & ...
–
Chilembwe uprising
The Chilembwe uprising was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his Church in the villag ...
:
Baptist
Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only ( believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compe ...
minister
John Chilembwe
John Chilembwe (June 1871 – 3 February 1915) was a Baptist pastor, educator and revolutionary who trained as a minister in the United States, returning to Nyasaland in 1901. He was an early figure in the resistance to colonialism in Nyasaland ...
initiates an ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British colonial rule in
Nyasaland
Nyasaland () was a British protectorate located in Africa that was established in 1907 when the former British Central Africa Protectorate changed its name. Between 1953 and 1963, Nyasaland was part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasala ...
(modern-day
Malawi
Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeas ...
).
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
*1438 – The Cou ...
– WWI:
Battle of Dogger Bank: The
British Grand Fleet defeats the
German High Seas Fleet
The High Seas Fleet (''Hochseeflotte'') was the battle fleet of the German Imperial Navy and saw action during the First World War. The formation was created in February 1907, when the Home Fleet (''Heimatflotte'') was renamed as the High Seas ...
, sinking the armoured cruiser .
*
January 25 - The first United States coast-to-coast
long-distance telephone call is facilitated by a newly invented vacuum tube amplifier, ceremonially inaugurated by
Alexander Graham Bell in New York City and his former assistant
Thomas A. Watson, in San Francisco, California.
*
January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
*1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
* 1564 – The Council of Tren ...
** WWI: The
Ottoman Army
The military of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun silahlı kuvvetleri) was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire.
Army
The military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the ...
begins the
Raid on the Suez Canal
The Raid on the Suez Canal, also known as Actions on the Suez Canal, took place between 26 January and 4 February 1915 when a German-led Ottoman Army force advanced from Southern Palestine to attack the British Empire-protected Suez Canal, mar ...
.
** The
Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
.
*
January 27 – WWI: French military casualties begin arriving at the
Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois
Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois was an emergency evacuation hospital serving the French 3rd Army Corps during World War I. It was organised and staffed by British volunteers and served French soldiers.
History
Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en- ...
, established earlier in the month by British volunteers.
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
* 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...
– An act of the
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
designates the
United States Coast Guard
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the country's eight uniformed services. The service is a maritime, military, mu ...
, began in
1790
Events
January–March
* January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City.
* January 11 – The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took ...
, as a military branch.
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
*1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
– WWI:
Battle of Bolimów
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
–
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
's first large-scale use of
poison gas
Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC50 (median lethal dose) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or perman ...
as a weapon occurs, when 18,000
artillery
Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during siege ...
shells containing liquid
xylyl bromide
Xylyl bromide, also known as methylbenzyl bromide or T-stoff ('substance-T'), is any member or a mixture of organic chemical compounds with the molecular formula C6 H4(CH3)(CH2 Br). The mixture was formerly used as a tear gas and has an odor r ...
tear gas
Tear gas, also known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial aerosol, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In ...
are fired on the
Imperial Russian Army, on the
Rawka River
The Rawka River is a river in central Poland, a right tributary of the Bzura river (which it meets between Łowicz
Łowicz is a town in central Poland with 27,896 inhabitants (2020). It is situated in the Łódź Voivodeship (since 1999); p ...
west of
Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
; however, freezing temperatures prevent it being effective.
February
*
February – While working as a
cook
Cook or The Cook may refer to:
Food preparation
* Cooking, the preparation of food
* Cook (domestic worker), a household staff member who prepares food
* Cook (professional), an individual who prepares food for consumption in the food industry
* ...
at New York's
Sloane Hospital for Women under an assumed name, "
Typhoid Mary" (an
asymptomatic carrier of
typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella'' serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several ...
) infects 25 people, and is placed in
quarantine
A quarantine is a restriction on the movement of people, animals and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of disease or pests. It is often used in connection to disease and illness, preventing the movement of those who may have been ...
for life on
March 27
Events Pre-1600
*1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.
* 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
.
*
February 4 – The
Maritz Rebellion
The Maritz rebellion, also known as the Boer revolt or Five Shilling rebellion,General De Wet publicly unfurled the rebel banner in October, when he entered the town of Reitz at the head of an armed commando. He summoned all the town and dema ...
of disaffected
Boer
Boers ( ; af, Boere ()) are the descendants of the Dutch-speaking Free Burghers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. From 1652 to 1795, the Dutch East India Company controlled this are ...
s against the government of the
Union of South Africa
The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Tran ...
ends with the surrender of the remaining rebels.
*
February 8
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
*1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
* 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...
– The controversial film ''
The Birth of a Nation
''The Birth of a Nation'', originally called ''The Clansman'', is a 1915 American silent epic drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Lillian Gish. The screenplay is adapted from Thomas Dixon Jr.'s 1905 novel and play ''The Clan ...
'', directed by
D. W. Griffith, premieres in Los Angeles. It will be the
highest-grossing film
Films generate income from several revenue streams, including theatrical exhibition, home video, television broadcast rights, and merchandising. However, theatrical box-office earnings are the primary metric for trade publications in assess ...
for around 25 years.
*
February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
*1268 & ...
– WWI: Germany regards the waters around the British Isles to be a war zone from this date, as part of its
U-boat Campaign
The U-boat Campaign from 1914 to 1918 was the World War I naval campaign fought by German U-boats against the trade routes of the Allies. It took place largely in the seas around the British Isles and in the Mediterranean.
The German Empir ...
.
*
February 20 – In San Francisco, the
Panama–Pacific International Exposition
The Panama–Pacific International Exposition was a world's fair held in San Francisco, California, United States, from February 20 to December 4, 1915. Its stated purpose was to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal, but it was widely s ...
is opened.
*
February 25 –
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
: The Ottoman Empire transfers Armenians from its armed forces to unarmed
Ottoman labour battalions.
March
*
March
March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is the second of seven months to have a length of 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March ...
– The
1915 Palestine locust infestation
From March to October 1915, swarms of locusts stripped areas in and around Palestine, Mount Lebanon and Syria of almost all vegetation. This infestation seriously compromised the already-depleted food supply of the region and sharpened the mise ...
breaks out in
Palestine; it continues until
October
October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the sixth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôc ...
.
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
- The first issue of the
La Boheme Magazine was published in
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
.
*
March 2
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...
–
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
: Earliest recorded deportations.
* March 3 – The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the predecessor of NASA, is founded in the United States.
* March 8 - New York City Fire Department Rescue Company 1 is put in Service by the New York City Fire Department.
* March 10–March 13, 13 – WWI: Battle of Neuve Chapelle – In the first deliberately planned British offensive of the war, British Indian troops overrun German positions in France, but are unable to sustain the advance.
* March 11 – WWI: British armed merchantman is sunk in the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel off the coast of Scotland by
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Kaise ...
U-boat
U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare ro ...
''SM U-27 (Germany), SM U-27''. Around 200 crew are lost, a number of bodies being washed up on the Isle of Man, with only 26 saved.
* March 14 – WWI:
** Battle of Más a Tierra: Off the coast of Chile, the British
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...
forces the Imperial German Navy light cruiser SMS Dresden (1907), SMS ''Dresden'' (last survivor of the German East Asia Squadron) to scuttle.
** Constantinople Agreement: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Britain, French Third Republic, France and the Russian Empire agree to give Constantinople (Istanbul) and the Bosphorus to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the Bolshevik Revolution).
* March 18 – WWI:
** Gallipoli campaign: A Franco-British naval attack on the Dardanelles fails.
** British Royal Navy battleship sinks SM U-29 (Germany), German submarine ''U-29'' with all hands in the Pentland Firth off the coast of Scotland by ramming her, the only time this tactic is known to have been successfully used by a battleship.
* March 19 – Pluto is photographed for the first time, but is not classified as a planet.
* March 26 – The Vancouver Millionaires win the 1915 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup in ice hockey over the Ottawa Senators (original), Ottawa Senators, 3 games to 0.
* March 28 – The first Roman Catholic liturgy at the newly consecrated Cathedral of Saint Paul (Minnesota), Cathedral of Saint Paul, Minnesota, is celebrated by Archbishop John Ireland (bishop), John Ireland.
April
* April 5 – Boxer Jess Willard, the latest "Great White Hope", defeats Jack Johnson (boxer), Jack Johnson with a 26th-round knockout in sweltering heat, at Havana, Cuba. Willard becomes very popular among white Americans, for "bringing back the championship to the white race".
* April 11 – Charlie Chaplin's film ''The Tramp (film), The Tramp'' is released in the United States.
* April 19 – The
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
begins at scale with the Defense of Van (1915), defense of Van, continuing to May 17, during which time 55,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of Van Vilayet will be massacred by Turkish Ottoman forces.
* April 22 – WWI: Start of Second Battle of Ypres – Germany makes its first large scale use of chemical weapons, poison gas on the Western Front.
* April 24 – Armenian genocide: Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915, deportation of Armenian notables from Istanbul begins.
* April 25 – WWI: Start of the Gallipoli Campaign by land forces (lasting until January 1916) – A landing at Anzac Cove is conducted by Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, and a landing at Cape Helles by British and French troops, to begin the Allied invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula in the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
.
![RMS Luisitania](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/RMS_Luisitania.jpg)
* April 26 – Treaty of London (1915), Treaty of London: Italy secretly agrees to leave the Triple Alliance (1882), Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary, and join with the Allies of World War I, Entente Powers, in exchange for certain territories of Austria-Hungary on its borders.
May
* May 1 – WWI:
** General Louis Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa, leads the army in the occupation of German South West Africa.
** The Gorlice-Tarnów offensive, Battle of Gorlice begins. It is one of the bloodiest battles of
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.
* May 3 – Canadian soldier John McCrae writes the poem "In Flanders Fields".
* May 5 – WWI: Forces of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
begin shelling ANZAC Cove from a new position behind their lines.
* May 6 – Baseball player Babe Ruth hits his first career home run (off Jack Warhop), for the Boston Red Sox.
* May 6 – Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition: The SY Aurora, SY ''Aurora'' SY Aurora's drift, broke loose from its anchorage during a gale, beginning a 312-day ordeal.
* May 7 – WWI: Sinking of the RMS Lusitania, Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'': 's main rival, the British ocean liner , is sunk by
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Kaise ...
U-boat
U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare ro ...
''SM U-20 (Germany), U-20'' off the south-west coast of Ireland, killing 1,198 civilians en route from New York City to Liverpool. The best-known of the celebrities on board was Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt. American sportsman (b. 1877)
* May 9 – WWI – Second Battle of Artois: German Empire, German and French Third Republic, French forces fight to a standstill; German forces defeat the British at the Battle of Aubers Ridge.
* May 17 – The last purely Liberal Party (UK), Liberal government in the United Kingdom ends, when the prime minister H. H. Asquith forms an all-party coalition government, the Asquith coalition ministry, effective May 25.
* May 19 – WWI: The third attack on Anzac Cove by Ottoman forces is repelled by the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.
* May 22
** Quintinshill rail disaster in Scotland: The collision and fire kill 226, mostly troops, the largest number of fatalities in a List of rail accidents in the United Kingdom, rail accident in the United Kingdom.
** Lassen Peak, one of the Cascade Volcanoes in California, erupts, sending an ash plume 30,000 feet in the air, and devastating the nearby area with pyroclastic flows and lahars. It is the only volcano to erupt in the contiguous United States this century, until the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
* May 23 – WWI: Kingdom of Italy, Italy joins the Allies of World War I, Allies after declaring war on Austria-Hungary.
* May 25 –
China agrees to the
Twenty-One Demands
The Twenty-One Demands ( ja, 対華21ヶ条要求, Taika Nijūikkajō Yōkyū; ) was a set of demands made during the First World War by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu to the government of the Republic of China on 18 ...
of the Japanese.
* May 27 –
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
: The Tehcir Law is promulgated by the Turkish
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
authorizing deportation of the Ottoman Armenian population to Deir ez-Zor in the Syrian desert, leading to the deaths of anywhere between 800,000 and over 1,500,000 civilians and confiscation of their property.
* May 28 – International Congress of Women meet at the Hague as a major peace initiative.
* May 29 – Teófilo Braga becomes president of First Portuguese Republic, Portugal.
June
* June –
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
: 15,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of Bitlis are massacred by Ottoman Turks and Kurds.
* June 3 – Mexican Revolution: Troops of Álvaro Obregón and Pancho Villa clash at León, Guanajuato, León; Obregón loses his right arm in a grenade attack, but Villa is decisively defeated.
* June 5 – Women's suffrage in national elections is introduced in Denmark.
* June 9 – U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan resigns over a disagreement regarding his nation's handling of the sinking of the RMS Lusitania, sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania''.
* June 11 – Friar Leonard Melki and hundreds of other Christians are driven out of Mardin and massacred by Ottoman Empire, Ottoman troops.
* June 16 – Women's Institutes are established in Britain.
* June 19 – In Iceland, at this time a dependency of Denmark:
** Women's suffrage is granted to those over 40.
** The modern civil flag of Iceland is adopted officially.
* June 22 – WWI: The Gorlice-Tarnów offensive, Battle of Gorlice ends in the victory of the Central Powers.
July
* July
** WWI: South West Africa Campaign – The
Union of South Africa
The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Tran ...
occupies German South West Africa with assistance from Canada, the United Kingdom, the Portuguese Republic and Portuguese Angola. South Africa will occupy South West Africa until March 1990.
**
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
: 17,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of Trebizond during the Armenian genocide, Trebizond are massacred by Ottoman Turks.
* July 1 – WWI: In aerial warfare, German fighter pilot Kurt Wintgens becomes the first person to shoot down another plane, using a machine gun equipped with synchronization gear.
* July 7
** An extremely overloaded International Railway (New York–Ontario) Tram, trolleycar with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, resulting in 15 casualties.
** Sinhalese people, Sinhalese militia captain Henry Pedris is executed in British Ceylon for inciting race riots, a charge later proved false; he becomes a hero of the Sri Lankan independence movement.
* July 9 – WWI: Theodore Seitz, governor of German South West Africa, surrenders to General Louis Botha, between Otavi and Tsumeb.
* July 11 – WWI: Battle of Rufiji Delta – German cruiser is forced to Scuttling, scuttle in the Rufiji River, German East Africa (present-day Tanzania).
* July 14 – The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Henry McMahon (diplomat), Henry McMahon concerning the Arab revolt against the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
begins; in exchange for assistance against the Ottomans, the British offer bin Ali their recognition of an independent Arab kingdom, although clear terms are never agreed.
* July 22 – WWI: The "Great Retreat (Russian), Great Retreat" is ordered on the Eastern Front; Russian forces pull back out of Poland (at this time part of the Russian Empire), taking machinery and equipment with them.
* July 24 – Steamer capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 844 lives.
* July 28 – The American occupation of Haiti (1915–34) begins.
August
![Galveston Hurricane 1915 wrecked home](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Galveston_Hurricane_1915_wrecked_home.jpg)
* August 5–August 23, 23 – Hurricane Two of the 1915 Atlantic hurricane season over Galveston and New Orleans leaves 275 dead.
* August 6 – WWI: Battle of Sari Bair – The Allies of World War I, Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay.
* August 16 – WWI: The Allies of World War I, Allies promises the Kingdom of Serbia, should victory be achieved over Austria-Hungary and its allied Central Powers, the territories of Baranya (region), Baranja, Srem and Slavonia from the Cisleithanian part of the Dual Monarchy, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and eastern Dalmatia (from the river of Krka (Croatia), Krka to Bar).
September
* September 5 – The Zimmerwald Conference begins in Switzerland.
* September 6 – The prototype Tanks in World War I, military tank is first tested by the British Army.
* September 7 – Crtoonist Johnny Gruelle, John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his ''Raggedy Ann'' doll.
* September 8 – WWI: A
Zeppelin
A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, pp ...
raid destroys No. 61 Farringdon Road, London; it is rebuilt in 1917, and called The Zeppelin Building.
* September 11 – The Pennsylvania Railroad begins electrified commuter rail service between Paoli, Pennsylvania, Paoli and Philadelphia, using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
* September 12 – French soldiers rescue over 4,000
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
survivors stranded on Musa Dagh, a mountain in the Hatay province of Turkey.
* September 25–October 14 – WWI: Battle of Loos – British forces take the French Third Republic, French town of Loos-en-Gohelle, Loos, but with substantial casualties, and are unable to press their advantage. This is the first time the British use poison gas in World War I, and also their first large-scale use of 'New' (or Kitchener's Army) units.
* September 30 – WWI: Serbian Army private (rank), private Radoje Ljutovac becomes the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft, with Anti-aircraft warfare, ground-to-air fire.
October
*
October
October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the sixth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôc ...
– Franz Kafka's novella ''The Metamorphosis'' (''Die Verwandlung'') is first published in Germany.
* October 12 – WWI: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German Empire, German firing squad, for helping Allies of World War I, Allied soldiers escape from Belgium.
* October 15 – WWI: Serbian Campaign of World War I, Serbian Campaign – Austria-Hungary invades the Kingdom of Serbia. Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria enters the war, also invading Serbia. The Serbian First Army retreats towards Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg), Greece.
* October 16 – WWI: France declares war on Bulgaria.
* October 19
** WWI:
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
and Italy declare war on Bulgaria.
** Mexican Revolution: The U.S. recognizes the Mexican government of Venustiano Carranza ''de facto'' (not ''de jure'' until 1917).
* October 21 – The United Daughters of the Confederacy holds its first annual meeting outside the South, in San Francisco. Historian General Mildred Rutherford addresses the gathering on the "Historical Sins of Omission & Commission", of Yankee historians.
* October 23 – WWI: The torpedoing of armored cruiser results in only 3 men being rescued from a crew of 675, the greatest single loss of life for the
Imperial German Navy
The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Kaise ...
in the Baltic Sea during the war.
* October 25 – Lyda Conley, the first Native Americans in the United States, American Indian woman to appear before the Supreme Court of the United States as a lawyer, is admitted to practice there.
* October 27 – Billy Hughes, William Morris "Billy" Hughes becomes the 7th Prime Minister of Australia.
* October 28 – St. Johns School fire: Fire at St. John's School in Peabody, Massachusetts, claims the lives of 21 girls between the ages of 7 and 17.
November
* November 2 – PSM Makassar is founded as Makassar Voetbal Bond, making it the oldest Indonesian association football club.
* November 18 – The U.S. silent film ''Inspiration (1915 film), Inspiration'', the first mainstream movie in which a leading actress (Audrey Munson) appears Nudity in film, nude, is released.
* November 21 – British polar exploration ship ''Endurance (1912 ship), Endurance'' finally breaks apart from pressure of ice around it and sinks into the Weddell Sea, stranding Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition party in the Antarctic. The wreck is discovered at a depth of 3,008 metres (9,869 ft), 107 years later in 2022.
* November 23 – The ''Triangle Film Corporation'' opens its new motion picture theater in Massillon, Ohio.
* November 24 – William Joseph Simmons, William J. Simmons revives the American Civil War era Ku Klux Klan at Stone Mountain, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia.
* November 25 – Albert Einstein presents part of his theory of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
December
* December 10 – The 1 millionth Ford Motor Company, Ford car rolls off the assembly line, at the River Rouge Plant in
Detroit
Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at t ...
, Michigan.
* December 12 – President of the Republic of China Yuan Shikai declares himself Empire of China (1915–16), Emperor.
* December 18 – United States President Woodrow Wilson marries Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, Edith B. Galt, in Washington, D.C.
* December 23 – HMHS Britannic, HMHS ''Britannic'', which will be the largest British ship lost in WWI (though with only 30 fatalities), departs Liverpool on her maiden voyage as a hospital ship.
* December 26 – The Irish Republican Brotherhood Military Council decides to stage an Easter Rising in 1916.
Date unknown
* Alfred Wegener publishes his theory of Pangaea.
* The first stop sign appears in
Detroit
Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at t ...
.
* The Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis is founded in the United States.
* Carrier Engineering, predecessor of Carrier Global, a global air conditioning brand, is founded in New Jersey, United States.
Births
January
![Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R65485, Joachim Peiper](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R65485%2C_Joachim_Peiper.jpg)
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** Branko Ćopić, Yugoslav writer (d. 1984)
** Fazlollah Reza, Iranian university professor, electrical engineer (d. 2019)
* January 3 – Mady Rahl, German stage, film actress (d. 2009)
* January 4 – Adolf Opálka, Czechoslovak soldier (d. 1942)
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
* 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
– Humberto Teixeira, Brazilian flautist (d. 1979)
* January 6 – Alan Watts, British philosopher (d. 1973)
* January 7
** Franz Bartl, Austrian field handball player (d. 1941)
** Helen Mussallem, Canadian nursing administrator (d. 2012)
* January 9
** Fernando Lamas, Argentine-born actor (d. 1982)
** Anita Louise, American actress (d. 1970)
* January 11 – Robert Blair Mayne, British soldier, co-founder of the Special Air Service (d. 1955)
* January 16
** Susan Ahn Cuddy, United States Navy gunnery officer (d. 2015)
** Leslie H. Martinson, American film director (d. 2016)
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
*38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
– Sammy Angott, American boxer (d. 1980)
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
– Santiago Carrillo, Spanish politician (d. 2012)
* January 20 – Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Pakistani civil servant, 7th President of Pakistan (d. 2006)
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 & ...
**W. Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
**Potter Stewart, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1985)
*
January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
*1438 – The Cou ...
– Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991)
*
January 25 – Ewan MacColl, English folk singer, songwriter, and poet (d. 1989)
* January 29
**Albert Henderson (actor), Albert Henderson, American actor (d. 2004)
**V. V. Sadagopan, Indian film actor, music teacher, performer and composer (d. unknown)
* January 30
** Ed Keats, American rear admiral (d. 2019)
** Joachim Peiper, German Waffen-SS officer (d. 1976)
** John Profumo, British politician (d. 2006)
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
*1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
– Thomas Merton, American monk, author (d. 1968)
February
![Paul W](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Paul_W._Tibbets.JPG)
* February 1
** Alicia Rhett, American actress (d. 2014)
** Artur London, Czech statesman (d. 1986)
** Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (d. 2000)
* February 2
** Abba Eban, South African-born Israeli foreign affairs minister (d. 2002)
** Khushwant Singh, Indian writer (d. 2014)
*
February 4
** Ray Evans, American composer (d. 2007)
** Sir Norman Wisdom, English comedian, singer, and actor (d. 2010)
* February 5 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
* February 6 – Danuta Szaflarska, Polish actress (d. 2017)
* February 7
** Teoctist Arăpașu, Ex-Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (d. 2007)
** Georges-André Chevallaz, 78th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 2002)
** Liu Jie, Chinese politician (d. 2018)
* February 10 – Karl Winsch, American professional baseball player, manager (d. 2001)
* February 11
** Patrick Leigh Fermor, British author (d. 2011)
** Harry Walker (rugby union), Harry Walker, English rugby union player (d. 2018)
** Richard Hamming, American mathematician (d. 1998)
* February 12
** Richard G. Colbert, American admiral (d. 1973)
** Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (d. 1987)
** Olivia Hooker, American civil rights figure (d. 2018)
* February 13 – Aung San, Burmese national leader (d. 1947)
* February 16
** Elisabeth Eybers, South African poet (d. 2007)
** Jim O'Hora, American college football coach (d. 2005)
* February 19
**Fred Freiberger, American screenwriter, television producer (d. 2003)
**John Freeman (British politician), John Freeman, British politician (d. 2014)
*
February 20 – Danuta Szaflarska Polish screen, stage actress (d. 2017)
* February 21
** Ann Sheridan, American film actress (d. 1967)
** Anton Vratuša, 8th Prime Minister of Slovenia (d. 2017)
* February 23
**Jon Hall (actor), Jon Hall, American actor (d. 1979)
**Paul Tibbets, American World War II bomber pilot (''Enola Gay'') (d. 2007)
*
February 25 – S. Rajaratnam, 1st Senior Minister of Singapore (d. 2006)
* February 27 – Dick Crockett, American actor, stunt performer (d. 1979)
* February 28
** Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1987)
** Zero Mostel, American film, stage actor (d. 1977)
March
![Jacques Chaban-Delmas-1 (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Jacques_Chaban-Delmas-1_%28cropped%29.jpg)
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
– Elizabeth Peet McIntosh, American spy (d. 2015)
* March 4
**László Csatáry, László Csizsik-Csatáry, Hungarian convicted Nazi war criminal (d. 2013)
**Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997)
* March 5 – Sydney Sturgess, British-Canadian actress (d. 1999)
* March 6
** Mary Ward (actress), Mary Ward, Australian actress (d. 2021)
** Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, Indian leader of the Dawoodi Bohra Community (d. 2014)
* March 7 – Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2000)
* March 8 – Drue Heinz, American literary publisher (d. 2018)
* March 9 – Johnnie Johnson (RAF officer), John Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson, English pilot (d. 2001)
* March 11 – Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)
* March 15 – Carl Emil Schorske, American cultural historian (d. 2015)
* March 17 – Bill Roycroft, Australian equestrian (d. 2011)
* March 19 – Patricia Morison, American actress (d. 2018)
* March 20
** Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian politician, 8th President of Austria (d. 2000)
** Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1997)
** Marie M. Runyon, American politician, activist (d. 2018)
** Sister Rosetta Tharpe, American singer (d. 1973)
* March 23
** Tom Pashby, Canadian ophthalmologist and sport safety advocate (d. 2005)
** Vasily Zaitsev (sniper), Vasily Zaytsev, Soviet sniper (d. 1991)
*
March 27
Events Pre-1600
*1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.
* 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– Robert Lockwood Jr., American musician (d. 2006)
* March 28 – Jeremy Hutchinson, Baron Hutchinson of Lullington, Jeremy Hutchinson, British lawyer, peer (d. 2017)
* March 30
** Brockway McMillan, American government official and scientist (d. 2016)
** Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977)
** Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician (d. 2015)
* March 31 – Albert Hourani, English historian (d. 1993)
April
![Anthony Quinn publicity photo, unknown date (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Anthony_Quinn_publicity_photo%2C_unknown_date_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* April 1 – O. W. Fischer, Austrian actor (d. 2004)
* April 3
** Axel Axgil, Danish LGBT rights activist (d. 2011)
** Piet de Jong, Dutch politician, naval officer, Ministry of Defence (Netherlands), Minister of Defence (1963–1967), and Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1967–1971) (d. 2016)
** İhsan Doğramacı, Turkish physician, academic (d. 2010)
** Paul Touvier, French Nazi collaborator (d. 1996)
* April 4 – Dorothy Fay, American actress (d. 2003)
* April 6
** Tadeusz Kantor, Polish painter, assemblage designer and theatre director (d. 1990)
** Thelma McKenzie, Australian cricketer
* April 7
** Stanley Adams (actor), Stanley Adams, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1977)
** Albert O. Hirschman, German-born economist (d. 2012)
** Billie Holiday, African-American singer (d. 1959)
* April 8
** Sir Alan Dawtry, British local government official (d. 2018)
** Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, author, and human rights activist (d. 2007)
* April 10
** Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Kashmiri guerrilla leader (d. 2003)
** Harry Morgan, American actor and director (d. 2011)
* April 12
** George Hogan (basketball), George Hogan, American professional basketball player (d. 1965)
** Hound Dog Taylor, American guitarist, singer (d. 1975)
* April 19 – Vonda Phelps, American actress (d. 2004)
* April 20
** Aurora Miranda, Brazilian singer and actress (d. 2005)
** Zita Szeleczky, Hungarian actress (d. 1999)
* April 21 – Anthony Quinn, Mexican actor (d. 2001)
* April 24 – Sam Burston, Australian farmer (d. 2015)
* April 29 – Donald Mills, lead tenor of the Mills Brothers (d. 1999)
* April 30 – Elio Toaff, Italian rabbi (d. 2015)
May
![MarioMonicelli](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/MarioMonicelli.jpg)
* May 1 – Archie Williams, American athlete (d. 1993)
* May 2
** Van Alexander, American bandleader, arranger and composer (d. 2015)
** Doris Fisher (songwriter), Doris Fisher, American singer and songwriter (d. 2003)
* May 3
** Michele Cozzoli, Italian composer, conductor and arranger (d. 1961)
** Stu Hart, Canadian wrestling trainer (d. 2003)
* May 5 – Alice Faye, American entertainer (d. 1998)
* May 6
** Sydney Carter, British musician, poet and songwriter (d. 2004)
** Orson Welles, American actor and director (d. 1985)
* May 8 – John Archer (actor), John Archer, American actor (d. 1999)
* May 10
** Beyers Naudé, South African cleric, theologian and activist (d. 2004)
** Sir Denis Thatcher, British businessman, husband of Margaret Thatcher (d. 2003)
* May 12
** Brother Roger, Swiss founder of the Taizé Community (d. 2005)
** Tadashi Sasaki (engineer), Tadashi Sasaki, Japanese engineer (d. 2018)
* May 15
** Ida Keeling, American track and field athlete (d. 2021)
** Evelyn Owen, Australian gun designer (d. 1949)
** Paul Samuelson, American economist, Nobel Prize in Economics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
* May 16 – Mario Monicelli, Italian film director (d. 2010)
* May 19 – Renée Asherson, British actress (d. 2014)
* May 20 – Moshe Dayan, Israeli military leader and politician (d. 1981)
* May 25 – Aarne Kainlauri, Finnish athlete (d. 2020)
* May 27
** Ester Soré, Chilean musician (d. 1996)
** Herman Wouk, American author (d. 2019)
* May 29 – Karl Münchinger, German conductor (d. 1990)
* May 31 – Carmen Herrera, Cuban-American painter (d. 2022)
June
![Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F054628-0037, Ludwigshafen, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Rumor](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054628-0037%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Rumor.jpg)
* June 1
** Johnny Bond, American country music singer and songwriter (d. 1978)
** John Randolph (actor), John Randolph, American actor (d. 2004)
* June 2
** Jason Lee (judge), Jason Lee, American politician and judge (d. 1980)
** Tapio Wirkkala, Finnish designer (d. 1985)
* June 3 – Milton Cato, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (d. 1997)
* June 4 – Modibo Keïta, 1st President of Mali (d. 1977)
* June 9
** Ken Feltscheer, Australian rules footballer (d. 2017)
** Les Paul, American inventor and musician (d. 2009)
* June 10
** Saul Bellow, Canadian-born writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
** Peride Celal, Turkish author (d. 2013)
** Inia Te Wiata, New Zealand Māori bass-baritone opera singer, film actor, whakairo (carver) and artist (d. 1971)
* June 11
** Buddy Baer, American boxer and actor (d. 1986)
** Magda Gabor, Hungarian-American actress (d. 1997)
* June 12
** William MacVane, American surgeon and politician (d. 2010)
** David Rockefeller, American banker and philanthropist (d. 2017)
* June 14
** Loke Wan Tho, Singaporean business magnate, ornithologist, and photographer (d. 1964)
** Zoe Dell Nutter, American dancer, model, promoter, pilot and philanthropist (d. 2020)
* June 15
** Kaiser Matanzima, President of the Transkei bantustan (d. 2003)
** Nini Theilade, Danish ballet dancer, choreographer and teacher (d. 2018)
** Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
* June 16 – Mariano Rumor, Italian politician and Prime Minister of Italy from 1968 to 1970 and again from 1973 to 1974 (d. 1990)
* June 17
** Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (d. 2011)
** Karl Targownik, Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (d. 1996)
** Walter J. Zable, American founder and CEO of Cubic Corporation (d. 2012)
* June 20 – Terence Young (director), Terence Young, British film director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
* June 21 – Karol Miklosz, Polish-Soviet footballer, Soviet referee and Soviet-Ukrainian football administrator (d. 2003)
* June 22
** Duncan Clark (athlete), Duncan Clark, Scottish athlete (d. 2003)
** Randolph Hokanson, American pianist (d. 2018)
** Hatsuko Morioka, Japanese freestyle swimmer
** Cornelius Warmerdam, American track & field athlete (d. 2001)
* June 24
** Fred Hoyle, British astronomer (d. 2001)
** Bill Radovich, American football guard (d. 2002)
* June 25 – Floyd Boring, American Secret Service agent (d. 2008)
* June 26
** George Haigh, English professional footballer (d. 2019)
** Charlotte Zolotow, American author (d. 2013)
* June 27
** Grace Lee Boggs, American author, social activist, and philosopher (d. 2015)
** Graham Botting, New Zealand cricketer and hockey (d. 2007)
** Marie Clarke, American activist and labor leader (d. 2020)
** Aideu Handique, Indian actress (d. 2002)
** John Alexander Moore, American zoology professor emeritus (d. 2002)
* June 28
** David "Honeyboy" Edwards, American musician (d. 2011)
** Muzz Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1998)
** Carmen Vidal, Spanish cosmetologist and businesswoman (d. 2003)
* June 29 – John Charles Cutler, American surgeon (d. 2003)
* June 30
** Oskar-Hubert Dennhardt, German officer (d. 2014)
** Robert E. Hopkins, president of the Optical Society of America in 1973 (d. 2009)
July
![Lt](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Lt._Joseph_P._Kennedy%2C_Jr._Navy.JPG)
* July 1
** A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury, 9th President of Bangladesh (d. 2001)
** Willie Dixon, American blues musician (d. 1992)
** Philip Lever, 3rd Viscount Leverhulme, British peer (d. 2000)
** Rudolf Pernický, Czechoslovak soldier and paratrooper (d. 2005)
** Boots Poffenberger, American Major League Baseball pitcher (d. 1999)
** Oscar Valicelli, Argentine actor (d. 1999)
* July 3
** Ralph Chapin, American businessman (d. 2000)
** Marta Grandi, Italian entomologist (d. 2005)
* July 4 – Timmie Rogers, American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
* July 5
** Yu Guangyuan, Chinese economist (d. 2013)
** Al Timothy, Trinidadian musician (d. 2000)
** John Woodruff (athlete), John Woodruff, American athlete (d. 2007)
* July 6
** Leonard Birchall, Royal Canadian Air Force (d. 2004)
** Javare Gowda, Indian language author (d. 2016)
* July 7
** Reynaldo Guerra Garza, American judge (d. 2004)
** Adalbert Gurath Sr., Romanian fencer (d. 1990)
** Billy Mure, American guitarist (d. 2013)
** Terry O'Sullivan, American actor (d. 2006)
* July 8
** Lowell English, United States Marine Corps general (d. 2005)
** Neil D. Van Sickle, American Air Force major general (d. 2019)
* July 9
** Joan Tompkins, American actress (d. 2005)
* July 10 – Kevin Barrett (footballer), Kevin Barrett, Australian rules footballer (d. 1984)
* July 11 – Leonard Goodwin, British protozoologist (d. 2008)
* July 12
** Princess Catherine Ivanovna of Russia (d. 2007)
** Emanuel Papper, American anesthesiologist, professor, and author (d. 2002)
* July 13
** Tex Hill, Korean-American fighter pilot and flying ace (d. 2007)
** Paul Williams (saxophonist), Paul Williams, African American jazz and blues saxophonist, bandleader and songwriter (d. 2002)
* July 14 – Harold Pupkewitz, Namibian entrepreneur (d. 2012)
* July 15
** William O. Baker, president of Bell Labs (d. 2005)
** Alicia Zubasnabar de De la Cuadra, Argentine human rights activist (d. 2008)
** A. A. Englander, British television cinematographer (d. 2004)
** Albert Ghiorso, American nuclear scientist (d. 2010)
** Kashmir Singh Katoch, Indian military advisor (d. 2007)
** Alexandru Usatiuc-Bulgăr, Moldovan activist (d. 2003)
* July 16 – Elaine Barrie, American actress (d. 2003)
* July 17
** Fred Ball, American movie studio executive, actor, and brother of comedian Lucille Ball (d. 2007)
** Arthur Rothstein, American photographer (d. 1985)
* July 18
** Roxana Cannon Arsht, American judge (d. 2003)
** Carequinha, Brazilian clown, actor (d. 2006)
** Louis Le Bailly, British Royal Navy officer (d. 2010)
* July 19
** Rita Childers, First Lady of Ireland (1973–1974) (d. 2010)
** Katherine Sanford, American biologist (d. 2005)
* July 20
** Matest M. Agrest, Russian-Jewish mathematician (d. 2005)
** Gene Hasson, American Major League Baseball infielder (d. 2003)
* July 22 – Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Pakistani female politician, diplomat and author (d. 2000)
* July 24 – Enrique Fernando, Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court (d. 2004)
* July 25
** S. U. Ethirmanasingham, Sri Lankan businessman and politician
** Julio Iglesias, Sr., Spanish gynecologist, father of Julio Iglesias (d. 2005)
** Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American fighter pilot, brother of John F. Kennedy (d. 1944)
* July 26 – K. Pattabhi Jois, Indian yogi (d. 2009)
* July 28
** Red Barrett, American baseball player (d. 1990)
** Helena Dunicz-Niwińska, Polish violinist, translator and author (d. 2018)
** Charles Hard Townes, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
** Frankie Yankovic, American accordion player (d. 1998)
August
![Lilian of Sweden 1940s as Mrs](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Lilian_of_Sweden_1940s_as_Mrs._Craig.jpg)
* August 2
** Gary Merrill, American actor (d. 1990)
** Neville Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram, British army officer (d. 2017)
* August 3
** Frank Arthur Calder, Canadian politician (d. 2006)
** Pete Newell, Canadian-born basketball coach (d. 2008)
* August 4 – William Keene, American actor (d. 1992)
* August 8
** Alex Schoenbaum, American collegiate football player and businessman (d. 1996)
** María Rostworowski, Peruvian historian (d. 2016)
** Joseph P. Graw, American businessman and politician (d. 2018)
* August 9 – George W. BonDurant, American preacher (d. 2017)
* August 12
** Donald Pellmann, American masters athlete (d. 2020)
** Michael Kidd, American choreographer (d. 2007)
* August 14
** Vincent Foy, Canadian Roman Catholic cleric, theologian (d. 2017)
** Irene Hickson, American professional baseball player (d. 1995)
* August 16 – Herbert Greenwald, American real estate developer (d. 1959)
* August 18 – Joseph Arthur Ankrah, 2nd President of Ghana (d. 1992)
* August 19 – Ring Lardner Jr., American film screenwriter (d. 2000)
* August 21 – Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman, British lawyer, political adviser (d. 1995)
* August 24
** Dave McCoy, American founder of the Mammoth Mountain Ski Area (d. 2020)
** Wynonie Harris, African-American blues, rhythm and blues singer (d. 1969)
* August 25 – Walter Trampler, American violist (d. 1997)
* August 27 – Norman F. Ramsey, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
* August 28
** Tol Avery, American actor (d. 1973)
** Simon Oakland, American actor (d. 1983)
** Max Robertson, British sports commentator (d. 2009)
* August 29 – Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (d. 1982)
* August 30
** Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland, British-born Swedish princess (d. 2013)
** Robert Strassburg, American composer (d. 2003)
* August 31 – Víctor Pey, Spanish-Chilean engineer (d. 2018)
September
![Franz Josef Strauß 1982](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Franz_Josef_Strau%C3%9F_1982.jpg)
* September 2 – Meinhardt Raabe, American actor (d. 2010)
* September 3
** Knut Nystedt, Norwegian composer (d. 2014)
** Eddie Stanky, American baseball player and manager (d. 1999)
* September 6 – Franz Josef Strauss, German politician (d. 1988)
* September 7 – Richard E. Cole, American air force officer (d. 2019)
* September 8 – Frank Cady, American actor (d. 2012)
* September 9 – Richard Webb (actor), Richard Webb, American actor (d. 1993)
* September 10
** Viva Leroy Nash, American murderer, oldest death row inmate (d. 2010)
** Edmond O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985)
** Robert Sparr, American film director and screenwriter (d. 1969)
* September 11 – Raúl Alberto Lastiri, 39th President of Argentina (d. 1978)
* September 14
** John Dobson (amateur astronomer), John Dobson, American astronomer (d. 2014)
** Douglas Kennedy (actor), Douglas Kennedy, American actor (d. 1973)
* September 15
** Helmut Schön, German football player, manager (d. 1996)
** Albert Whitlock, British-born Matte (filmmaking), matte artist (d. 1999)
* September 16 – Eddie Filgate, Irish politician (d. 2017)
* September 17 – M. F. Husain, Indian artist (d. 2011)
* September 19 – Germán Valdés, Mexican actor, singer and comedian (d. 1973)
* September 20 – Malik Meraj Khalid, Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2003)
* September 22 – Bernardino Piñera, Chilean Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2020)
* September 23
** Julius Baker, American flautist (d. 2003)
** Zdenko Blažeković, Croatian politician (d. 1947)
** Clifford Shull, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
* September 24 – Joseph Montoya, American politician (d. 1978)
* September 27 – Ira Colitz, American politician (d. 1998)
* September 28 – Kay Mander, British film director, shooting continuity specialist (d. 2013)
* September 29
** Vincent DeDomenico, American entrepreneur (d. 2007)
** Brenda Marshall, American actress (d. 1992)
* September 30
** Nadezhda Fedutenko, Soviet red army officer (d. 1978)
** Lester Maddox, Governor of Georgia (d. 2003)
October
![Yitzhak Shamir (1980)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Yitzhak_Shamir_%281980%29.jpg)
* October 1
** Jerome Bruner, American psychologist (d. 2016)
** Talat Tunçalp, Turkish Olympian cyclist (d. 2017)
* October 2 – Chuck Williams (author), Chuck Williams, American businessman (d. 2015)
* October 6 – Neus Català, Spanish political activist (d. 2019)
* October 7 – Walter Keane, American plagiarist (d. 2000)
* October 11 – T. Llew Jones, Welsh author, poet (d. 2009)
* October 12
** José Bragato, Italian-born Argentine cellist, composer, conductor and arranger (d. 2017)
** Tony Rafty, Australian caricaturist (d. 2015)
* October 13 – Frederick Rosier, British Royal Air Force commander (d. 1998)
* October 14 – Loris Francesco Capovilla, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2016)
* October 17
** Victor Garaygordóbil Berrizbeitia, Spanish Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2018)
** H. Basil S. Cooke, Canadian geologist, palaeontologist (d. 2018)
** John J. McKetta, American chemical engineer (d. 2019)
** Arthur Miller, American playwright (d. 2005)
* October 18 – Thomas Round, English opera singer, actor (d. 2016)
* October 19 – Andreas Peter Cornelius Sol, Dutch prelate (d. 2016)
* October 21 – Aleksandr Ezhevsky, Soviet engineer, statesman (d. 2017)
* October 22 – Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician (d. 2012)
* October 23 – Shin Hyun-joon (general), Shin Hyun-joon, South Korean general (d. 2007)
* October 24 – Bob Kane, American comic book artist/writer, co-creator of Batman (d. 1998)
* October 27 – Harry Saltzman, Canadian theatre, film producer (d. 1994)
* October 28 – Dody Goodman, American actress, dancer (d. 2008)
* October 29 – William Berenberg, American physician (d. 2005)
November
![Sargent Shriver 1961](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Sargent_Shriver_1961.jpg)
* November 1
** Marion Eugene Carl, U.S. Marine Corps World War II fighter ace, test pilot (d. 1998)
** Frances Hesselbein, American President, CEO of the Frances Hesselbein Leadership Institute
** Eva Macapagal, 9th First Lady of the Philippines (d. 1999)
* November 2 – Kay Armen, American Armenian singer (d. 2011)
* November 4
** Wee Kim Wee, 4th President of Singapore (d. 2005)
** Ismail Abdul Rahman, Malaysian politician (d. 1973)
* November 7
** Philip Morrison, American physicist, astrophysicist and professor (d. 2005)
** Jiao Ruoyu, Chinese Communist Party politician (d. 2020)
* November 8 – Richard Luyt, 1st Governor General of Guyana (d. 1994)
* November 9 – Sargent Shriver, American politician (d. 2011)
* November 11
** William Proxmire, United States Senator (d. 2005)
** Anna Schwartz, American economist (d. 2012)
* November 12 – Roland Barthes, French philosopher, literary critic (d. 1980)
* November 13 – Clara Marangoni, Italian gymnast (d. 2018)
* November 17 – Albert Malbois, French prelate (d. 2017)
* November 18 – James Whittico Jr., American physician (d. 2018)
* November 19 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
* November 20 – Bill Daniel (politician), Bill Daniel, American politician (d. 2006)
* November 23
** John Dehner, American actor (d. 1992)
** Julio César Méndez Montenegro, President of Guatemala (d. 1996)
* November 25
** Augusto Pinochet, 31st President of Chile (d. 2006)
** Armando Villanueva, leader of the Peruvian American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (d. 2013)
* November 29
** Eugene Polley, American electronics engineer (d. 2012)
** Billy Strayhorn, American jazz pianist-composer (d. 1967)
* November 30
** Brownie McGhee, American musician (d. 1996)
** Emmanuel Pelaez, 6th Vice President of the Philippines (d. 2003)
** Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
December
![Curd Juergens by Günter Rittner 1980](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Curd_Juergens_by_G%C3%BCnter_Rittner_1980.jpg)
* December 2
** Takahito, Prince Mikasa, Prince Takahito of Mikasa, younger brother of Japanese Emperor Hirohito (d. 2016)
** Marais Viljoen, President of South Africa (d. 2007)
* December 5 – Ren Xinmin, Chinese aerospace engineer (d. 2017)
* December 6 – Alan Sayers, New Zealand journalist, photographer and athlete (d. 2017)
* December 7 – Eli Wallach, American actor (d. 2014)
* December 8 – Ernest Lehman, American screenwriter (d. 2005)
* December 9 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-born soprano (d. 2006)
* December 12
** Felicity Hill, British Royal Air Force officer (d. 2019)
** Frank Sinatra, American singer, actor (d. 1998)
* December 13
** Curd Juergens, Austrian-German film actor (d. 1982)
** B. J. Vorster, South African politician, Prime Minister and State President (d. 1983)
* December 14 – Dan Dailey, American actor, dancer (d. 1978)
* December 15
**Kenshiro Abbe, Japanese master of judo, aikido, and kendo (d. 1985)
**Charles F. Wheeler, American cinematographer (d. 2004)
* December 17 – Robert A. Dahl, American political scientist (d. 2014)
* December 18 – Bill Zuckert, American actor (d. 1997)
* December 19
** Ke Hua, Chinese diplomat (d. 2019)
** Édith Piaf, French singer (d. 1963)
* December 21 – Werner von Trapp, member of the Austrian Trapp Family Singers (d. 2007)
* December 22 – Barbara Billingsley, American actress (d. 2010)
* December 27
** Mary Kornman, American child actress (d. 1973)
** Gyula Zsengellér, Hungarian footballer (d. 1999)
* December 31 – Davuldena Gnanissara Thero, Sri Lankan Buddhist monk (d. 2017)
Deaths
January
![Wyndham Halswelle](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Wyndham_Halswelle.jpg)
* January 9 – Yang Shoujing, Chinese historical geographer and calligrapher (b. 1839)
* January 10 – Marshall Pinckney Wilder, American actor, humorist, comedian and monologist (b. 1859)
* January 13 – Mary Slessor, Scottish Christian missionary (b. 1848)
* January 14 – Richard Meux Benson, English founder of an Anglican religious order (b. 1824)
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
– Anatoly Stessel, Russian baron and general (b. 1848)
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrend ...
– Anna Leonowens (Anna of ''The King and I'') (b. 1831)
* January 22 – James M. Spangler, American inventor (b. 1848)
February
* February 3 – Bosnian Serb conspirators (executed for their part in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria):
** Veljko Čubrilović (b. 1886)
** Danilo Ilić (b. 1891)
** Miško Jovanović (b. 1878)
* February 5 – Ross Barnes, American baseball player (b. 1850)
*
February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
*1268 & ...
** Francisco Giner de los Ríos, Spanish philosopher, educator (b. 1839)
** Frank James, American outlaw (b. 1843)
* February 22 – John Gough (VC), Sir John Gough, British general, Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (b. 1871)
* February 26 –Edward Richardson, New Zealand engineer and politician (b. 1831)
March
* March 4 – William Willett, English promoter of daylight saving time (b. 1856)
* March 13 – Sergei Witte, Russian aristocrat, statesman and Prime Minister (b. 1849)
* March 14 – Lincoln J. Beachey, American pilot (b. 1887)
![Friedrich Loeffler 3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Friedrich_Loeffler_3.jpg)
* March 15 – George Llewelyn Davies, English soldier, inspiration for the "Lost Boys" of ''Peter Pan'' (killed in action) (b. 1893)
* March 21 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American engineer, economist (b. 1856)
* March 24 − Morgan Robertson, American author (b. 1861)
* March 31
** Wyndham Halswelle, Scottish runner (killed in action) (b. 1882)
** Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, British banker and politician (b. 1840)
April
* April 4 – Andrew Stoddart, English sportsman (b. 1863)
* April 9 – Friedrich Loeffler, German bacteriologist (b. 1852)
* April 26 – Ida Hunt Udall, American Latter-day Saint diarist (b. 1858)
* April 16 – Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (b. 1841)
* April 20 – Daniel Webster Jones (Mormon), Daniel Webster Jones, American Latter-day Saint pioneer (b. 1830)
* April 23
** Rupert Brooke, English poet (sepsis from an infected mosquito bite on active service) (b. 1887)
** Frederick Fisher (VC), Frederick Fisher, Canadian recipient of Victoria Cross (killed in action) (b. 1894)
* April 25 – Frederick W. Seward, American politician (b. 1830)
* April 26 – John Bunny, American actor (b. 1863)
* April 27
** William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse, English airman, first aviator awarded Victoria Cross (b. 1887)
** Alexander Scriabin, Russian composer (b. 1872)
*April 30 - Edward D. Easton, founder and president of Columbia Phonograph Company
May
* May 7 – Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, American sportsman (b. 1877; died in the Sinking of the RMS Lusitania, Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'')
* May 9
** François Faber, Luxembourgian cyclist (killed in action) (b. 1887)
** Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player (killed in action) (b. 1883)
* May 18 – William Bridges (general), Sir William Bridges, Australian army general (b. 1861)
* May 24 – John Condon (British Army soldier), John Condon, Irish private soldier in British Army, claimed as youngest British soldier to die in WWI (killed in action) (b. 1896)
* May 26
** Emil Lask, German philosopher (killed in action) (b. 1875)
** Julian Grenfell, English poet (killed in action) (b. 1888)
* May 30 – Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero, 3-time Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1832)
* May 31 – Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, 18th Governor of New South Wales (b. 1845)
June
* June 5 – Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, French artist and sculptor (killed in action) (b. 1891)
* June 7 – Charles Reed Bishop, American businessman, philanthropist in Hawaii (b. 1822)
* June 10 – Ignatius Maloyan, Armenian Eastern Catholic archbishop and blessed (b. 1869)
* June 13 – Zbigniew Dunin-Wasowicz, Polish military leader (killed in action) (b. 1882)
* June 19 – Benjamin F. Isherwood, American admiral, United States Navy Engineer-in-Chief (b. 1822)
* June 25 – Tok Janggut, Malayan rebel leader (killed in action) (b. 1853)
July
![TupperUniform](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/TupperUniform.jpg)
* July 2 – Porfirio Díaz, 29th President of Mexico (b. 1830)
* July 6 – Lawrence Hargrave, Australian engineer (b. 1850)
* July 10 – Alice Bellvadore Sams Turner, American physician (b. 1859)
* July 16 – Ellen G. White, American prophetess, co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, most translated American author (b. 1827)
* July 18 – Ozra Amander Hadley, American politician (b. 1826)
* July 22 – Sandford Fleming, Sir Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer and inventor (b. 1827)
* July 25 – Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, American-born French socialite, model for the painting ''Portrait of Madame X'' (b. 1859)
* July 30 – Charles Becker, American policeman and murderer (executed) (b. 1870)
August
* August 10 – Henry Moseley, English physicist (killed in action) (b. 1887)
* August 16 – Kálmán Széll, 13th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1843)
* August 17 – Leo Frank, Jewish-American factory superintendent who was falsely convicted of the murder of Mary Phagan (b. 1884)
* August 20
** Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854)
** Carlos Finlay, Cuban pathologist (b. 1833)
* August 21 – Josiah T. Settle, American lawyer and politician (b. 1850)
* August 30
** Antonio Flores Jijón, 13th President of Ecuador (b. 1833)
** Pascual Orozco, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1882)
* August 31 – Adolphe Pégoud, French acrobatic pilot, World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1889)
September
* September 1 – August Stramm, German poet, playwright (killed in action) (b. 1874)
* September 9
** Antonín Petrof, Czech piano maker (b. 1839)
** Albert Spalding, American baseball player, sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850)
* September 11 – William Sprague IV, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1830)
* September 13 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero, 44th Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
* September 21 – Anthony Comstock, American anti-indecency reformer (b. 1844)
* September 26 – Keir Hardie, British labour leader (b. 1856)
* September 27 – Fergus Bowes-Lyon, brother of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (killed in action) (b. 1889)
October
* October 4
** Karl Staaff, 11th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1860)
** John Rigby, grandfather of Eleanor Rigby, to whom Paul McCartney attributes a subconscious influence on naming the Eleanor Rigby, song with the same name (b.1843)
* October 7 – Friedrich Hasenöhrl, Austrian physicist (b. 1874)
* October 10 – Albert Cashier, born Jennie Hodgers, Irish American soldier (b. 1843)
* October 12 – Edith Cavell, British nurse, war heroine (shot) (b. 1865)
* October 13 – Charles Sorley, British poet (killed in action) (b. 1895)
* October 15 – Theodor Boveri, German biologist (b. 1862)
* October 16 – Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková, Moravian pioneer of female education (heart attack) (b. 1868)
* October 22 – Wilhelm Windelband, German philosopher (b. 1848)
* October 23 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848)
* October 26 – August Bungert, German composer, poet (b. 1845)
* October 30 – Charles Tupper, Sir Charles Tupper, 6th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
* October 31 – Blanche Walsh, American actress (b. 1873)
November
![Booker T Washington retouched flattened-crop](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Booker_T_Washington_retouched_flattened-crop.jpg)
* November 14
** Theodor Leschetizky, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1830)
** Booker T. Washington, American educator (b. 1856)
* November 15 – Félix de Blochausen, 6th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1834)
* November 21 – Dixie Haygood, American magician (b. 1861)
* November 28 – Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1837)
December
* December 18 – Henry Roscoe (chemist), Sir Henry Roscoe, English chemist (b. 1833)
* December 18 – Édouard Vaillant, French Socialist politician (b. 1840)
* December 19 – Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist, neuropathologist (b. 1864)
* December 22 – Rose Talbot Bullard, American medical doctor, professor (b. 1864)
* December 31 – Tommaso Salvini, Italian actor (b. 1829)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Richard Willstätter
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Romain Rolland
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – not awarded
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – not awarded
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg
Notes
Further reading
* Williams, John. ''The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914–1918'' (1972) pp 43–108.
Primary sources and year books
''New International Year Book 1915'' Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 791pp
* ''Hazell's Annual for 1916'' (1916), worldwide events of 1915; 640p
online worldwide coverage of 1915 events; emphasis on Great Britain
External links
* Pictures of the 1915 Galveston Hurricane at th
University of Houston Digital Library
{{Events by month links
1915,