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A notable ongoing event was the race for the South Pole.
*
* November 1 – The world's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya, during the Italo-Turkish War. Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti of Kingdom of Italy, Italy drops several small bombs.
* November 3 – Chevrolet officially enters the automobile market in the United States, in competition with the Ford Model T.
* November 4 – The Treaty of Berlin brings the Agadir Crisis to a close. This treaty leads Morocco to be split between France (as a protectorate) and Spain (as the colony of Spanish Sahara), with Germany forfeiting all claims to Morocco. In return, France gives Germany a portion of the French Congo (as Kamerun) and Germany cedes some of German Kamerun to France (as Chad).
* November 5 – Italy annexes Tripoli, Libya, Tripoli and Cyrenaica (confirmed by an act of the Italian Parliament on February 25, 1912).
* November 17 – Omega Psi Phi fraternity is founded on the campus of Howard University, in Washington, D.C.
*
*
* March 1 – Mike Gilbert (rugby player), Mike Gilbert, New Zealand rugby union player (d. 2002)
* March 3 – Jean Harlow, American actress (d. 1937)
* March 5 – Wolfgang Larrazábal, 52nd President of Venezuela (d. 2003)
* March 6 – Nikolai Baibakov, Soviet statesman (d. 2008)
* March 8 – Alan Hovhaness, American composer (d. 2000)
* March 12 – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, 49th President of Mexico (d. 1979)
* March 13 – L. Ron Hubbard, American author, founder of Scientology (d. 1986)
* March 16
** Pierre Harmel, 40th Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 2009)
** Josef Mengele, German Nazi war criminal (d. 1979)
* March 18 – Al Benton, American baseball player (d. 1968)
* March 20 – Alfonso García Robles, Mexican diplomat and politician, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1991)
* March 24
** Joseph Barbera, American cartoonist (d. 2006)
** Jane Drew, English architect (d. 1996)
** Ephraim Engleman, American rheumatologist (d. 2015)
*
*
* May 5 – Andor Lilienthal, Hungarian chess Grandmaster (d. 2010)
* May 6 – Frank Nelson (actor), Frank Nelson, American actor (d. 1986)
* May 7 – Ishirō Honda, Japanese film director (d. 1993)
*
* June 3 – Ellen Corby, American actress (d. 1999)
* June 4 – Milovan Đilas, Yugoslavian Marxist (d. 1995)
* June 5 – Neel E. Kearby, American fighter ace (d. 1944)
* June 9 – Hawley Pratt, American film director, animator and illustrator (d. 1999)
* June 13
** Luis Walter Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
** Prince Aly Khan, Indian-born Pakistani imam of Ismaili Shi'a Islam (d. 1960)
*
*
* August 2 – Rusty Wescoatt, American actor (d. 1987)
* August 3 – Manuel Esperón, Mexican musician, composer (d. 2011)
* August 5 – Robert Taylor (American actor), Robert Taylor, American actor (d. 1969)
* August 6
** Lucille Ball, American actress, television producer and co-owner of Desilu Productions (d. 1989)
** Norman Gordon, South African cricketer (d. 2014)
** Constance Fecher Heaven, British romance writer (d. 1995)
* August 7 – Nicholas Ray, American director (d. 1979)
* August 8 – Rosetta LeNoire, American actress (d. 2002)
* August 9 – William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
* August 10
** Leonidas Andrianopoulos, Greek footballer (d. 2011)
** A. N. Sherwin-White, English historian (d. 1993)
* August 11
** William H. Avery (politician), William H. Avery, American politician (d. 2009)
** Thanom Kittikachorn, 10th Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 2004)
* August 12 – Cantinflas, Mexican actor (d. 1993)
* August 13 – Roy Pinney, American herpetologist, photographer, war correspondent and writer (d. 2010)
* August 15 – Anthony Salerno, American gangster (d. 1992)
* August 17
** Mikhail Botvinnik, Russian chess player (d. 1995)
** Martin Sandberger, German military officer (d. 2010)
* August 18 – Amelia Boynton Robinson, African-American civil rights activist (d. 2015)
* August 23
** Betty Robinson, American Olympic athlete (d. 1999)
** Birger Ruud, Norwegian athlete (d. 1998)
* August 25 – Võ Nguyên Giáp, General of the Vietnam People's Army (d. 2013)
* August 29 – John Charnley, English orthopaedic surgeon, pioneer of hip replacement operation (d. 1982)
* August 31 – Ramón Vinay, Chilean operatic tenor (d. 1996)
* September 1 – Kōmei Abe, Japanese composer (d. 2006)
* September 2 – Romare Bearden, American artist (d. 1988)
* September 6 – Harry Danning, American baseball player (d. 2004)
* September 7 – Todor Zhivkov, 36th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1998)
* September 8 – Byron Morrow, American actor (d. 2006)
* September 9
** Paul Goodman, American author (d. 1972)
** John Gorton, Sir John Gorton, 19th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2002)
* September 10
** Nelly Omar, Argentine actress and singer (d. 2013)
** Renée Simonot, French actress (d. 2021)
* September 13 – Bill Monroe, American musician (d. 1996)
* September 15 – Joseph Pevney, American director (d. 2008)
* September 19 – William Golding, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
* September 24
** Konstantin Chernenko, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (d. 1985)
** Ed Kretz, American motorcycle racer (d. 1996)
* September 25 – Eric Williams, 1st Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 1981)
* September 27 – John Harvey (actor), John Harvey, American actor (d. 1982)
* September 29 – Charles Court, Australian politician (d. 2007)
* September 30
** Bernd von Brauchitsch, German air force officer (d. 1974)
** Ruth Gruber, American journalist and writer (d. 2016)
* October 3 – Edgar Sanabria, Venezuelan lawyer, diplomat and politician, Interim President of Venezuela (d. 1989)
* October 4 – Mary Two-Axe Earley, Canadian indigenous women's rights activist (d. 1996)
* October 5
**Pierre Dansereau, Canadian ecologist (d. 2011)
**Brian O'Nolan, Irish humorist (d. 1966)
* October 9 – Joe Rosenthal, American photographer (d. 2006)
* October 10 – Clare Hollingworth, English journalist (d. 2017)
* October 12 – Vijay Merchant, Indian cricketer (d. 1987)
* October 13
** Tadeusz Chyliński, Polish designer and constructor (d. 1978)
** Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)
* October 14 – Lê Đức Thọ, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1990)
* October 15 – James H. Schmitz, German-born American science fiction writer (d. 1981)
* October 21
** Dick Harris (Australian rules footballer), Dick Harris, Australian rules footballer (d. 1993)
** William A. Mitchell, American food chemist, inventor (d. 2004)
* October 26
** Sid Gillman, American football coach (d. 2003)
** Mahalia Jackson, African-American Gospel music, gospel singer (d. 1972)
* October 27 – Leif Erickson (actor), Leif Erickson, American actor (d. 1986)
* October 30
** Ruth Hussey, American actress (d. 2005)
** Eileen Whelan, British cricketer (d. 2021)
* November 1
** Henri Troyat, French writer (d. 2007)
** Sidney Wood, American tennis player (d. 2009)
* November 2 – Odysseas Elytis, Greek writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
* November 5 – Roy Rogers, American singer, actor (d. 1998)
* November 7
** Yolande Beekman, French-born World War II heroine (d. 1944)
** Ángeles Santos Torroella, Spanish painter (d. 2013)
* November 12
** Yehoshua Rabinovitz, Israeli politician (d. 1979)
** Chad Varah, British priest and humanitarian (d. 2007)
* November 13 – Buck O'Neil, American baseball player, manager (d. 2006)
* November 15 – Kay Walsh, British actress (d. 2005)
* November 24 – Erik Bergman, Finnish composer (d. 2006)
* November 25 – Roelof Frankot, Dutch painter (d. 1984)
* November 26 – Robert Marchand (cyclist), Robert Marchand, French cyclist (d. 2021)
* November 27
** David Merrick, American theater producer (d. 2000)
** Fe del Mundo, Filipino paediatrician (d. 2011)
* November 28 – Václav Renč, Czech poet, dramatist and translator (d. 1973)
* November 30 – Jorge Negrete, Mexican singer and actor (d. 1953)
* December 1 – Walter Alston, American baseball player, manager (d. 1984)
* December 3 – Nino Rota, Italian composer (d. 1979)
* December 5 – Władysław Szpilman, Polish pianist, memoirist (d. 2000)
* December 8 – Lee J. Cobb, American actor (d. 1976)
* December 9 – Broderick Crawford, American actor (d. 1986)
* December 10 – Chet Huntley, American television reporter (d. 1974)
* December 11
** Val Guest, British film director (d. 2006)
** Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
** Qian Xuesen, Chinese scientist (d. 2009)
* December 13
** Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
** Kenneth Patchen, American poet and painter (d. 1972)
* December 14
** Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz, Greek-Polish athlete, Resistance member (d. 1943)
** Spike Jones, American musician (d. 1965)
** Hans von Ohain, German physicist, designer of the first operational jet engine (d. 1998)
* December 15 – Stan Kenton, American jazz pianist, composer and arranger (d. 1979)
* December 17 – André Claveau, French singer, Eurovision Song Contest 1958 winner (d. 2003)
* December 18 – Jules Dassin, American director (d. 2008)
* December 20 – Hortense Calisher, American author (d. 2009)
* December 21 – Josh Gibson, African-American baseball player (d. 1947)
* December 23 – Niels Kaj Jerne, English-born immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
* December 25 – Louise Bourgeois, French-born American artist (d. 2010)
* December 26
** Steve Kordek, American pinball innovator (d. 2012)
** Kikuko, Princess Takamatsu of Japan (d. 2004)
* December 27
** Abdul Halim (Indonesia), Abdul Halim, Indonesian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Indonesia (d. 1987)
** Anna Russell, British comedian and singer (d. 2006)
* December 28 – Sam Levenson, American humorist and author (d. 1980)
* December 29 – Klaus Fuchs, German theoretical physicist, spy (d. 1988)
*
* February 1 – Charles Stillman Sperry, American admiral (b. 1847)
* February 2 – Archduke Johann Salvator of Austria (b. 1852)
* February 4 – Piet Cronjé, Boer general (b. 1836)
* February 8 – Joaquín Costa, Spanish politician, lawyer, economist and historian (b. 1846)
* February 10 – Gustavo Maria Bruni, Italian childhood Roman Catholic servant of God (b. 1903)
* February 14 – David Boyle (archaeologist), David Boyle, Canadian archaeologist (b. 1842)
* February 15
** Theodor Escherich, German-born Austrian pediatrician (b. 1857)
** Pavel Grigorievich Dukmasov, Russian general (b. 1838)
* February 16 – Alice Morse Earle, American historian (b. 1851)
*
* March 1 – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
* March 6
** Mary Anne Barker, English author (b. 1831)
** Thierry, Count of Limburg Stirum, Belgian historian (b. 1827)
* March 11 – Théotime Blanchard, Canadian farmer, teacher, merchant and politician (b. 1844)
* March 18
** Richard Chaffey Baker, Richard Baker, Australian politician (b. 1842)
** Anna Brackett, American feminist, educator (b. 1836)
* March 21 – Shams-ul-haq Azeemabadi, Indian Islamic scholar (b. 1857)
* March 22 – William Collins (bishop), William Collins, British Anglican bishop (b. 1867)
* March 24
** Rodolphe-Madeleine Cleophas Dareste de La Chavanne, French jurist (b. 1824)
** Dragan Tsankov, Bulgarian politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1828)
* March 27 – Margarita Savitskaya, Russian actress (b. 1868)
* March 28 – Samuel Franklin Emmons, American geologist (b. 1841)
* March 30
** Pellegrino Artusi, Italian businessman (b. 1820)
** Ellen Swallow Richards, American chemist (b. 1842)
* April 5 – Charles Frederic Moberly Bell, British journalist and newspaper editor (b. 1847)
* April 9 – Manuel Aguirre de Tejada, Spanish politician and lawyer (b. 1827)
* April 10 – Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Lithuanian artist and composer (b. 1875)
* April 12 – James Mathers (missionary), James Mathers, Irish missionary (b. 1854)
* April 14
** Addie Joss, American baseball player, National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Major League Baseball Hall of Fame member (b. 1880)
** Denman Thompson, American actor, playwright (b. 1833)
* April 25 – Emilio Salgari, Italian writer (b. 1862)
*
* May 6 – Robert Alden, American author (b. 1836)
* May 9 – Thomas Wentworth Higginson, American Unitarian minister and abolitionist (b. 1823)
* May 16 – Gheorghe Manu, 17th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1833)
* May 18 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (b. 1860)
*
* June 1 – Claudio Brindis de Salas Garrido, Cuban violinist (b. 1852)
* June 2 – Axel Olof Freudenthal, Finnish philologist, politician (b. 1836)
* June 5 – Édouard Bague, French aviator (b. 1879)
*
* July 2
** José Dias Correia de Carvalho, Portuguese Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1830)
** Mary M. Cohen, American social economist (b. 1854)
** Clement A. Evans, American Confederate general (b. 1833)
* July 5
** Maria Pia of Savoy, Queen consort of Portugal (b. 1847)
** George Johnstone Stoney, Irish physicist (b. 1826)
* July 6 – Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg (b. 1830)
* July 8 – Henry Perrine Baldwin, American businessman (b. 1842)
* July 11 – Laura Jacinta Rittenhouse, American temperance activist and juvenile literature author (b. 1841)
* July 14 – Ignaz von Peczely, Hungarian scientist, physician and homeopath (b. 1826)
* July 15
** Carlo Ademollo, Italian painter (b. 1824)
** Louisa Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (b. 1832)
* July 16 – August Harambašić, Croatian writer (b. 1861)
* July 17 – Rufino José Cuervo, Colombian linguist, philologist and writer (b. 1844)
* July 19 – Manuel Iradier, Spanish explorer and Africanist (b. 1854)
* July 20 – Caleb Cook Baldwin, American Presbyterian missionary (b. 1820)
* July 25
** Edmund Bogdanowicz, Polish poet, writer and journalist (b. 1857)
** Carmen Salles y Barangueras, Spanish Roman Catholic religious professed and saint (b. 1848)
* July 26 – José Alves de Cerqueira César, Brazilian politician (b. 1835)
* August 1
** Edwin Austin Abbey, American painter (b. 1852)
** Konrad Duden, German philologist (b. 1829)
* August 6 – Florentino Ameghino, Argentine naturalist, paleontologist, anthropologist and zoologist (b. 1853)
* August 7
** Elizabeth Akers Allen, American poet and journalist (b. 1832)
** José Rafael Balmaceda, Chilean politician, diplomat (b. 1850)
* August 11
** Isabela de Rosis, Italian Roman Catholic religious sister, servant of God and Venerable (b. 1842)
** Albert Ladenburg, German chemist (b. 1842)
* August 12 – Jules Brunet, French military leader (b. 1838)
* August 14 – Henry Rathbone, Union Army officer and diplomat (b. 1837)
* August 15 – William R. Badger, American pioneer aviator (b. 1886)
* August 16 – Patrick Francis Moran, Australian cardinal, Catholic Bishops and Archbishops of Sydney, Archbishop of Sydney (b. 1830)
* August 17 – Petro Nini Luarasi, Albanian activist (b. 1854)
* August 29 – Mahbub Ali Khan of Hyderabad (b. 1886)
* August 31 – Benjamin Grierson, American Civil War general (b. 1826)
* September 4 – John Francon Williams, Welsh-born journalist, writer, geographer, historian, cartographer and inventor (b. 1854)
* September 7 – Friedrich Breitfuss, Russian philatelist (b. 1851)
* September 12 – William Alexander (bishop), William Alexander, Irish Anglican bishop, Primate of All Ireland (b. 1824)
* September 15 – Joel Benton, American writer, poet and lecturer (b. 1832)
* September 16 – Edward Whymper, British explorer, mountaineer (b. 1840)
* September 18 – Pyotr Stolypin, 3rd Prime Minister of Russia (assassinated) (b. 1862)
* September 20 – Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet, British diplomat (b. 1835)
* September 23 – John Arthur Barry, British-born Australian journalist, author (b. 1850)
* September 25 – Emma Helen Blair, American journalist, editor (b. 1851)
* September 29 – Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote, 3rd Governor-General of Australia (b. 1846)
* September 30 – Herbert Hope Risley, Sir Herbert Risley, British ethnographer and colonial administrator (b. 1851)
* October – Blanche Atkinson, British novelist (b. 1847)
* October 1 – Wilhelm Dilthey, German psychologist, sociologist and philosopher (b. 1833)
* October 2 – Winfield Scott Schley, American admiral (b. 1839)
* October 3 – Carolina Beatriz Ângelo, Portuguese physician (b. 1878)
* October 5 – William Astley, Australian writer (b. 1855)
* October 7
** John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (b. 1835)
** Elmer McCurdy, American outlaw (b. 1880)
* October 8 – Lee Batchelor, Australian politician (b. 1865)
* October 9
** Cornelius Newton Bliss, American merchant, politician and collector (b. 1833)
** Antonio Borrero, 10th President of Ecuador (b. 1827)
* October 11
** Dimitar Agura, Bulgarian historian (b. 1849)
** Henry Broadhurst, British trade unionist, politician (b. 1840)
** Elena Arellano Chamorro, Nicaraguan pioneer educator (b. 1836)
* October 13 – Miguel Malvar, Filipino general (b. 1865)
* October 14 – John Marshall Harlan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1833)
* October 17 – José López Domínguez, Spanish military officer, politician and 24th Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1829)
* October 18 – Alfred Binet, French psychologist (b. 1857)
* October 19 – Eugene Burton Ely, American aviation pioneer (b. 1886)
* October 24 – Ida Lewis (lighthouse keeper), Ida Lewis, American lighthouse keeper (b. 1842)
* October 27 – Arthur Lloyd (missionary), Arthur Lloyd, British Anglican missionary (b. 1852)
* October 28 – Clement V. Rogers, Cherokee politician, father of Will Rogers (b. 1839)
* October 29 – Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian-born newspaper publisher, journalist (b. 1847)"Joseph Pulitzer Dies Here," ''Charleston [S.C.] News & Courier'', October 30, 1911, p. 1
* October 30 – Elizabeth Herbert, Baroness Herbert of Lea, English Catholic writer, translator, philanthropist and social figure (b. 1822)
* October 31 – John Joseph Montgomery, American glider pioneer (b. 1858)
* November 2 – Kyrle Bellew, English actor (b. 1850)
* November 3 – George Chrystal, British mathematician (b. 1851)
* November 7
** Constantin Budisteanu, Romanian soldier, politician (b. 1838)
** Nathaniel Bull, Australian politician (b. 1842)
* November 8 – Oscar Bielaski, American baseball player (b. 1847)
* November 9 – Howard Pyle, American artist and fiction writer (b. 1853)
* November 10 – Christian Lundeberg, Swedish politician, 10th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1842)
* November 11 – Josef Roman Lorenz, Austrian naturalist (b. 1825)
* November 14 – Francis Buxton, British barrister and politician (b. 1847)
* November 19
** Billy Beaumont, English football player (b. 1883)
** Ramón Cáceres, 31st President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1866)
* November 20 – Sophia Frances Anne Caulfeild, British needlework artist (b. 1824)
* November 22
** William George Aston, British consular official (b. 1841)
** John Sanford Barnes, American businessman (b. 1836)
* November 23
** James George Bell, American businessman, settler (b. 1831)
** Bernard Tancred, South African cricketer (b. 1865)
* November 25 – Paul Lafargue, French Marxist theorist, activist (b. 1842)
* November 26
** Komura Jutarō, Japanese statesman (b. 1855)
** Nikola Hristić, Prime Minister of Serbia (b. 1818)
* November 28 – Preston Jacobus, American developer, businessman and politician (b. 1864)
* November 29 – Stanley Calvert Clarke, British army officer, courtier
* December 1 – Vassily Maximov, Russian painter (b. 1844)
* December 2
** George Davidson (geographer), George Davidson, English-born American geodesist, astronomer, geographer, surveyor and engineer (b. 1825)
** Eugène Alphonse Dyer, Canadian merchant, farmer and political figure (b. 1838)
* December 7 – Robert Maitland Brereton, English railway engineer (b. 1834)
* December 9 – Blessed Bernard Mary of Jesus, Italian Roman Catholic priest, blessed (b. 1831)
* December 10 – Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist (b. 1817)
* December 11 – Thomas Ball (artist), Thomas Ball, American sculptor, musician (b. 1819)
* December 13 – Nikolay Beketov, Russian chemist (b. 1827)
* December 19 – John Bigelow, American lawyer, statesman (b. 1817)
* December 20 – Rose Eytinge, American actress (b. 1835)
* December 21
** Catharine H. T. Avery, American author and editor (b. 1844)
** Emilio Estrada Carmona, 18th President of Ecuador (b. 1855)
* December 22
** Mary Jane Coggeshall, American suffragist (b. 1836)
** Odilon Lannelongue, French surgeon (b. 1840)
* December 24 – Hyacinth (Jacek) Gulski, American Roman Catholic priest (b. 1847)
* December 25 – Arthur F. Griffith, American calculating prodigy (b. 1880)
''New International year book: 1911'' comprehensive, global coverage online
''Britannica year-book, 1913'' (1913) covers 1911 and 1912, global coverage
* Gilbert, Martin. ''A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900-1933'' (1997); global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare; pp 225–44. {{DEFAULTSORT:1911 1911,
Events
January
*January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the ye ...
– A decade after federation, the Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory shares its borders with Western Aust ...
and the Australian Capital Territory
The Australian Capital Territory (commonly abbreviated as ACT), known as the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) until 1938, is a landlocked federal territory of Australia containing the national capital Canberra and some surrounding township#Aust ...
are added to the Commonwealth of Australia.
* January 3
Events Pre-1600
*AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor.
* 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
** 1911 Kebin earthquake
The 1911 Kebin earthquake, or Chon-Kemin earthquake, struck Russian Turkestan on 3 January. Registering at a moment magnitude of 8.0, it killed 452 people, destroyed more than 770 buildings (which was almost all of the city) in Almaty, Kazakhst ...
: An earthquake of 7.7 moment magnitude
The moment magnitude scale (MMS; denoted explicitly with or Mw, and generally implied with use of a single M for magnitude) is a measure of an earthquake's magnitude ("size" or strength) based on its seismic moment. It was defined in a 1979 pape ...
strikes near Almaty
Almaty (; kk, Алматы; ), formerly known as Alma-Ata ( kk, Алма-Ата), is the largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of about 2 million. It was the capital of Kazakhstan from 1929 to 1936 as an autonomous republic as part of ...
in Russian Turkestan
Russian Turkestan (russian: Русский Туркестан, Russkiy Turkestan) was the western part of Turkestan within the Russian Empire’s Central Asian territories, and was administered as a Krai or Governor-Generalship. It comprised the ...
, killing 450 or more people.
** Siege of Sidney Street
The siege of Sidney Street of January 1911, also known as the Battle of Stepney, was a gunfight in the East End of London between a combined police and army force and two Latvian revolutionaries. The siege was the culmination of a series of ...
in London: Two Latvian anarchists die, after a seven-hour siege against a combined police and military force. Home Secretary
The secretary of state for the Home Department, otherwise known as the home secretary, is a senior minister of the Crown in the Government of the United Kingdom. The home secretary leads the Home Office, and is responsible for all nationa ...
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from ...
arrives to oversee events.
* January 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
– Egypt's Zamalek SC
Zamalek Sporting Club ( ar, نادي الزمالك للألعاب الرياضية), commonly referred to as Zamalek, is an Egyptian sports club based in Giza. It is one of the most successful football clubs in Africa and the Middle East,
an ...
is founded as a general sports and Association football club by Belgian lawyer George Merzbach
George Sigismond Charles Stanislas Merzbach Bey (25 September 1874 – 17 February 1928) was a Belgian lawyer and sports pioneer. He was the head of one of the Mixed Courts of Egypt. In 1911, he founded and became the first president of Egyptian ...
as Qasr El Nile Club.
* January 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence.
*1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary.
1601–1900
* 1639 – The " Fundamental Orders", the first written c ...
– Roald Amundsen
Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (, ; ; 16 July 1872 – ) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He was a key figure of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
Born in Borge, Østfold, Norway, Amundsen beg ...
's South Pole expedition makes landfall, on the eastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf
The Ross Ice Shelf is the largest ice shelf of Antarctica (, an area of roughly and about across: about the size of France). It is several hundred metres thick. The nearly vertical ice front to the open sea is more than long, and between h ...
.
* January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
*1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chin ...
– Eugene B. Ely
Eugene Burton Ely (October 21, 1886 – October 19, 1911) was an American aviation pioneer, credited with the first shipboard aircraft take off and landing.
Background
Ely was born in Williamsburg, Iowa, and raised in Davenport, Iowa. Having ...
lands on the deck of the USS ''Pennsylvania'' stationed in San Francisco
San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17t ...
harbor, the first time an aircraft has landed on a ship.
* January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
* 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
* 1564 – The Council of T ...
– The United States and Canada announce the successful negotiation of their first reciprocal trade agreement.
February
*February 5
Events Pre-1600
* 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy.
* 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion.
* 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...
** The Missouri State Capitol
The Missouri State Capitol is the home of the Missouri General Assembly and the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of Missouri. Located in Jefferson City at 201 West Capitol Avenue, it is the third capitol to be built in the city. ( ...
building in Jefferson City, Missouri
Jefferson City, informally Jeff City, is the capital of Missouri, United States. It had a population of 43,228 at the 2020 census, ranking as the 15th most populous city in the state. It is also the county seat of Cole County and the princip ...
is destroyed by fire after a bolt of lightning strikes the dome.
** The revolution in Haiti
Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...
is suppressed after the leader, General Montreuil Guillaume, is captured by government troops and shot. General Millionard is executed two days later.
* February 17
Events Pre-1600
* 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau.
* 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of ...
– The first "quasi-official" airmail flight occurs, when Fred Wiseman carries three letters between Petaluma
Petaluma (Miwok: ''Péta Lúuma'') is a city in Sonoma County, California, located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Its population was 59,776 according to the 2020 census.
Petaluma's name comes from the Miwok village nam ...
and Santa Rosa
Santa Rosa is the Italian, Portuguese and Spanish name for Saint Rose.
Santa Rosa may also refer to:
Places Argentina
*Santa Rosa, Mendoza, a city
* Santa Rosa, Tinogasta, Catamarca
* Santa Rosa, Valle Viejo, Catamarca
*Santa Rosa, La Pampa
* Sa ...
, California.
* February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
* 1268 &ndas ...
** The first official air mail flight, second overall, takes place in British India from Allahabad
Allahabad (), officially known as Prayagraj, also known as Ilahabad, is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The other five cities were: Agra, Kanpur (Cawnpore), Lucknow, Meerut, and Varanasi (Benares). It is the administrat ...
to Naini
Naini (also known as Naini Industrial Area) is a satellite neighborhood and a twin city of Prayagraj in Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh, India. By the 1950s Naini was established as the chief industrial area of the city.
History
Naini had a ...
when Henri Pequet
Henri Pequet (1 February 1888 – 13 March 1974) was a pilot in the first official airmail flight on February 18, 1911. The 23-year-old Frenchman, in India for an airshow, delivered about 6,500 letters when he flew from an Allahabad polo field ...
carries 6,500 letters a distance of 13 km.
** A serious earthquake causes a landslide that creates Lake Sarez
Sarez Lake (russian: Сарезское озеро; tg, Сарез кӯл, Sarez Kūl) is a lake in Rushon District of Gorno-Badakhshan province, Tajikistan. Length about , depth few hundred meters, water surface elevation about above sea lev ...
in modern-day Tajikistan
Tajikistan (, ; tg, Тоҷикистон, Tojikiston; russian: Таджикистан, Tadzhikistan), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( tg, Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhurii Tojikiston), is a landlocked country in Centr ...
.
March
*March 19
Events Pre-1600
* 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
*1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends ...
– International Women's Day
International Women's Day (IWD) is a global holiday celebrated annually on March 8 as a focal point in the women's rights movement, bringing attention to issues such as gender equality, reproductive rights, and violence and abuse against wom ...
is celebrated for the first time across Europe.
* March 25
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto.
* 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...
– The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, on Saturday, March 25, 1911, was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history. The ...
in New York City kills 146 people.
* March 29
Events Pre-1600
* 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.
* 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...
– The United States Army adopts a new service pistol, the M1911
The M1911 (Colt 1911 or Colt Government) is a single-action, recoil-operated, semi-automatic pistol chambered for the .45 ACP cartridge. The pistol's formal U.S. military designation as of 1940 was ''Automatic Pistol, Caliber .45, M1911'' for th ...
, designed by John Browning
John Moses Browning (January 23, 1855 – November 26, 1926) was an American firearm designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms many of which are still in use around the world. He m ...
(it remains the U.S. service pistol for 74 years).
April
*April 3
Events Pre-1600
* 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul.
* 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
* 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created ...
– Jean Sibelius
Jean Sibelius ( ; ; born Johan Julius Christian Sibelius; 8 December 186520 September 1957) was a Finnish composer of the late Romantic and 20th-century classical music, early-modern periods. He is widely regarded as his country's greatest com ...
conducts the première of his '' Symphony No. 4'', in Helsinki
Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the Capital city, capital, primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Finland, most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of U ...
.
* April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
*1139 – Ro ...
– Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (21 September 1853 – 21 February 1926) was a Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate. He exploited the Hampson–Linde cycle to investigate how materials behave when cooled to nearly absolute zero and later to liquefy helium f ...
discovers superconductivity
Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic flux fields are expelled from the material. Any material exhibiting these properties is a superconductor. Unlike ...
; he presents his findings on April 28
Events Pre-1600
* 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
.
* April 13
Events Pre-1600
*1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
1601–1900
*1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...
– Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Rebels take Agua Prieta
Agua Prieta (English: ''Dark Water'', Opata: ''Bachicuy'') is a town in Agua Prieta Municipality in the northeastern corner of the Mexican state of Sonora. It stands on the Mexico–U.S. border, adjacent to the town of Douglas, Arizona. The mun ...
on the Sonora
Sonora (), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora ( en, Free and Sovereign State of Sonora), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the Administrative divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. The state is d ...
–Arizona
Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...
border; government troops take the town back April 17
Events Pre-1600
*1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
*1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
, when the rebel leader "Red" López gets drunk.
* April 18
Events Pre-1600
* 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days.
* 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...
– , a 5,557-ton Portuguese
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods
** Portuguese language, a Romance language
*** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language
** Portu ...
passenger liner en route from Mozambique
Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...
to Lisbon
Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
, strikes Bellows Rock just off Cape Point
Cape Point ( af, Kaappunt) is a promontory at the southeast corner of the Cape Peninsula, a mountainous and scenic landform that runs north-south for about thirty kilometres at the extreme southwestern tip of the African continent in South Afri ...
and sinks.
* April 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.
* 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at ...
– Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Francisco I. Madero
Francisco Ignacio Madero González (; 30 October 1873 – 22 February 1913) was a Mexican businessman, revolutionary, writer and Public figure, statesman, who became the 37th president of Mexico from 1911 until he was deposed in Ten Tragic Da ...
's troops besiege Ciudad Juárez
Ciudad Juárez ( ; ''Juarez City''. ) is the most populous city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It is commonly referred to as Juárez and was known as El Paso del Norte (''The Pass of the North'') until 1888. Juárez is the seat of the Ju ...
, but General Juan J. Navarro refuses his surrender demand.
* April 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil.
* 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
* 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern ...
– A passenger train from Port Alfred
A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ha ...
to Grahamstown
Makhanda, also known as Grahamstown, is a town of about 140,000 people in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is situated about northeast of Port Elizabeth and southwest of East London, Eastern Cape, East London. Makhanda is the lar ...
, South Africa derails on the Blaauwkrantz Bridge, and plunges into the ravine below, killing 31 and seriously injuring 23.''The South African Railways – Historical Survey''. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 24.
* April 26
Events Pre-1600
*1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
* 1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 14 ...
– HŠK Građanski Zagreb
HŠK Građanski (alternatively spelled ''Gradjanski'' or ''Gradanski''), also known as 1. HŠK Građanski or fully ''Prvi hrvatski građanski športski klub'' ( en, First Croatian Citizens' Sports Club), was a Croatian football club established in ...
(predecessor of GNK Dinamo Zagreb
Građanski nogometni klub Dinamo Zagreb ( en, Dinamo Zagreb Citizens' Football Club, link=yes, italics=yes), commonly referred to as GNK Dinamo Zagreb or simply Dinamo Zagreb (), is a Croatian professional football club based in Zagreb. Dinamo ...
), a Croatian Association football club, is founded in Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slop ...
.
* April 27
Events Pre-1600
* 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''.
* 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...
– Huanghuagang Uprising
The Second Guangzhou (Canton) Uprising, known in Chinese as the Yellow Flower Mound Uprising or the Guangzhou Xinhai Uprising, was a failed uprising took place in China led by Huang Xing and his fellow revolutionaries against the Qing dynasty i ...
: In China, rebels take five villages in an attempt to create a power base to fight Imperial rule; those who die are remembered as "The 72 Martyrs" (the event is also called the "Second Guangzhou Uprising" and the "Yellow Flower Mound Revolt").
May
*May 8
Events Pre-1600
* 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin.
* 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...
– Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Pancho Villa
Francisco "Pancho" Villa (,"Villa"
''Collins English Dictionary''. ; ;
launches an attack against government troops in ''Collins English Dictionary''. ; ;
Ciudad Juárez
Ciudad Juárez ( ; ''Juarez City''. ) is the most populous city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It is commonly referred to as Juárez and was known as El Paso del Norte (''The Pass of the North'') until 1888. Juárez is the seat of the Ju ...
without Madero's permission; the government troops surrender on May 10
Events Pre-1600
* 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China.
*1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...
.
* May 13
Events Pre-1600
*1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''.
* 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...
– 15 – Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Torreón massacre
The Torreón massacre ( es, Matanza de chinos de Torreón) was a racially motivated massacre that took place on 13–15 May 1911 in the Mexican city of Torreón, Coahuila. Over 300 Asian Mexicans were killed by a local mob and the revolutionary fo ...
– Over 300 Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...
residents are massacred by the revolutionary forces of Francisco I. Madero
Francisco Ignacio Madero González (; 30 October 1873 – 22 February 1913) was a Mexican businessman, revolutionary, writer and Public figure, statesman, who became the 37th president of Mexico from 1911 until he was deposed in Ten Tragic Da ...
, in the Mexican city of Torreón
Torreón () is a city and seat of Torreón Municipality in the Mexican state of Coahuila. As of 2021, the city's population was 735,340. The metropolitan population as of 2015 was 1,497,734, making it the ninth-biggest metropolitan area in the ...
.
* May 15
Events Pre-1600
* 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty.
* 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...
–Standard Oil
Standard Oil Company, Inc., was an American oil production, transportation, refining, and marketing company that operated from 1870 to 1911. At its height, Standard Oil was the largest petroleum company in the world, and its success made its co-f ...
is dissolved by the Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
into 34 separate oil companies including Exxon
ExxonMobil Corporation (commonly shortened to Exxon) is an American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas. It is the largest direct descendant of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil, and was formed on November 30, ...
, Mobil
Mobil is a petroleum brand owned and operated by American oil and gas corporation ExxonMobil. The brand was formerly owned and operated by an oil and gas corporation of the same name, which itself merged with Exxon to form ExxonMobil in 1999.
...
, Chevron
Chevron (often relating to V-shaped patterns) may refer to:
Science and technology
* Chevron (aerospace), sawtooth patterns on some jet engines
* Chevron (anatomy), a bone
* '' Eulithis testata'', a moth
* Chevron (geology), a fold in rock ...
, Texaco
Texaco, Inc. ("The Texas Company") is an American Petroleum, oil brand owned and operated by Chevron Corporation. Its flagship product is its Gasoline, fuel "Texaco with Techron". It also owned the Havoline motor oil brand. Texaco was an Indepe ...
, and others due to violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 (, ) is a United States antitrust law which prescribes the rule of free competition among those engaged in commerce. It was passed by Congress and is named for Senator John Sherman, its principal author.
Th ...
* May 17
Events Pre-1600
*1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army.
* 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
* 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
– Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Porfirio Díaz
José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; ; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), known as Porfirio Díaz, was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 28 November 1876 to 6 Decem ...
is convinced to resign, but does not do so yet.
* May 21
Events Pre-1600
* 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as ''Caesar (title), Caesar'' to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy.
* 878 – Syracuse, Sicily, is Siege of Syracuse ...
– Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: In Ciudad Juárez
Ciudad Juárez ( ; ''Juarez City''. ) is the most populous city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It is commonly referred to as Juárez and was known as El Paso del Norte (''The Pass of the North'') until 1888. Juárez is the seat of the Ju ...
, a peace treaty is signed between Madero's rebels and government troops.
* May 24
Events Pre-1600
* 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom.
* 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt.
* 1276 – Magnus La ...
– Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Government troops fire at anti-Diaz demonstrators in Mexico City, killing about 200 (officials claim only 40).
* May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
*240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
– Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Porfirio Díaz
José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; ; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), known as Porfirio Díaz, was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 28 November 1876 to 6 Decem ...
signs his resignation and leaves for Veracruz
Veracruz (), formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is one of the 31 states which, along with Me ...
; on May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
he leaves for exile in France.
* May 30
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...
– The very first Indianapolis 500
The Indianapolis 500, formally known as the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, and commonly called the Indy 500, is an annual automobile race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) in Speedway, Indiana, United States, an enclave suburb of Indi ...
automobile race is held in the United States, won by Ray Harroun
Ray Harroun (January 12, 1879 – January 19, 1968) was an American racecar driver and pioneering constructor most famous for winning the inaugural Indianapolis 500 in 1911. He is the inventer of the open-wheel car.
Biography
He was born on Janua ...
at an average speed of 74.59 miles per hour.
* May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
– The hull of the is launched in Belfast
Belfast ( , ; from ga, Béal Feirste , meaning 'mouth of the sand-bank ford') is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdo ...
, on the same day starts her sea trials.
June
*June 7
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Istanbul, Constantinople (Byzantine Empire).
* 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir of Croatia, Branimir as an independent ...
– Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Francisco Madero
Francisco Ignacio Madero González (; 30 October 1873 – 22 February 1913) was a Mexican businessman, revolutionary, writer and statesman, who became the 37th president of Mexico from 1911 until he was deposed in a coup d'etat in February 1 ...
arrives in Mexico City, just after the 1911 Michoacán earthquake
The 1911 Michoacán earthquake occurred on June 7 at 04:26 local time (11:02 Coordinated Universal Time, UTC). The epicenter was located near the coast of Michoacán, Mexico. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.6 on the moment magnitude scale. 45 ...
.
* June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
*1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...
– departs Southampton, England, for her maiden voyage, with a first call at Cherbourg, France.
* June 15
Events Pre-1600
* 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.
* 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II.
* 923 – Battle of So ...
– RMS ''Olympic'' arrives in Queenstown, Ireland, to discharge and take up passengers.
* June 21
Events Pre-1600
* 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
* 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...
– arrives in New York at the end of her maiden voyage. She proceeds to her quarantine station off Staten Island, which she leaves at 7:45 a.m., and is saluted on her way up New York Harbor
New York Harbor is at the mouth of the Hudson River where it empties into New York Bay near the East River tidal estuary, and then into the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast of the United States. It is one of the largest natural harbors in t ...
by all kinds of craft as she steams to Pier 59 in the North River. With the assistance of twelve tugs, ''Olympic'' is safely moored at 10 a.m.
* June 22
Events Pre-1600
* 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
* 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus ...
– George V
George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until Death and state funeral of George V, his death in 1936.
Born duri ...
and Mary of Teck
Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 186724 March 1953) was List of British royal consorts, Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, from 6 May 1910 until 20 Janua ...
are crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom
The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy, constitutional form of government by which a hereditary monarchy, hereditary sovereign reigns as the head of state of the United ...
and the British Dominions
The term ''Dominion'' is used to refer to one of several self-governing nations of the British Empire.
"Dominion status" was first accorded to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa, and the Irish Free State at the 1926 ...
, at Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United ...
in London. Moored at Pier 59 of New York Harbor, is decorated for the occasion.
* June 23
Events Pre-1600
* 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.
* 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.
* 1280 – The Spanish Re ...
– Frank C. Mars
Franklin Clarence Mars (; September 24, 1883 – April 8, 1935) was an American business magnate who founded the food company Mars, Incorporated, which mostly makes chocolate candy. Mars' son Forrest Mars Sr., Forrest Edward Mars developed M& ...
starts the Mars Candy Factory in Tacoma, Washington
Tacoma ( ) is the county seat of Pierce County, Washington, United States. A port city, it is situated along Washington's Puget Sound, southwest of Seattle, northeast of the state capital, Olympia, Washington, Olympia, and northwest of Mount ...
, origin of Mars, Incorporated
Mars, Incorporated is an American multinational manufacturer of confectionery, pet food, and other food products and a provider of animal care services, with US$40 billion in annual sales in 2021.
Mars was ranked as the fourth-largest priva ...
, the global confectionery
Confectionery is the art of making confections, which are food items that are rich in sugar and carbohydrates. Exact definitions are difficult. In general, however, confectionery is divided into two broad and somewhat overlapping categories ...
and pet food brand.
* June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
– The Polish Football Union (PFU), later absorbed into the Polish Football Association
The Polish Football Association ( pl, Polski Związek Piłki Nożnej; PZPN) is the governing body of association football in Poland. It organizes the Polish football leagues (without the Ekstraklasa), the Polish Cup and the Polish national footb ...
(Polish: ''Polski Związek Piłki Nożnej'', PZPN), is founded.
* June 28
Events Pre-1600
* 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch.
* 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
* 1461 – ...
** departs New York for her maiden eastbound voyage home to Southampton, England.
** The Nakhla meteorite
Nakhla is a Martian meteorite which fell in Egypt in 1911. It was the first meteorite reported from Egypt, the first one to suggest signs of aqueous processes on Mars, and the prototype for Nakhlite type of meteorites.
History
The Nakhla met ...
falls in the Abu Hummus
Abu Hummus, also Abu Humus, Abu Hommos, Abu Homos, Abou Homs ( ar, أبو حمص) is a town in Beheira Governorate, Egypt, an administrative center of '' markaz'' Abu Hummus.
The old name of the town is Shubra Bar () which Ramzi derives from ''Ch ...
region of Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
, providing evidence of water on Mars
Almost all water on Mars today exists as ice, though it also exists in small quantities as vapor in the atmosphere. What was thought to be low-volume liquid brines in shallow Martian soil, also called recurrent slope lineae, may be grains of f ...
.
* June
June is the sixth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the second of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the third of five months to have a length of less than 31 days. June contains the summer solstice in ...
– The Sixth Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
Sixth Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance was held in June 1911 in Stockholm, Sweden. It was led by the organization's president, Carrie Chapman Catt.
The proceedings were inaugurated on Sunday, 11 June in the Gustaf Vasa Chur ...
is held in Stockholm, Sweden.
July
* July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
– The presence of the German warship ''Panther
Panther may refer to:
Large cats
*Pantherinae, the cat subfamily that contains the genera ''Panthera'' and ''Neofelis''
**''Panthera'', the cat genus that contains tigers, lions, jaguars and leopards.
***Jaguar (''Panthera onca''), found in Sout ...
'' in the Moroccan port of Agadir
Agadir ( ar, أݣادير, ʾagādīr; shi, ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ) is a major city in Morocco, on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean near the foot of the Atlas Mountains, just north of the point where the Souss River flows into the ocean, and south ...
triggers the Agadir Crisis
The Agadir Crisis, Agadir Incident, or Second Moroccan Crisis was a brief crisis sparked by the deployment of a substantial force of French troops in the interior of Morocco in April 1911 and the deployment of the German gunboat to Agadir, a ...
.
* July 4
Events Pre-1600
* 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...
– , having crossed the Atlantic, discharges passengers and mails off Plymouth, England.
* July 5 – arrives in Southampton, England, ending her maiden eastbound voyage from New York.
* July 24 – Hiram Bingham III, Hiram Bingham rediscovers Machu Picchu in Peru.
* July 28 – The Australasian Antarctic Expedition began as the SY Aurora, SY ''Aurora'' departed London.
August
* August 17–August 20, 20 – Britain's National Railway strike of 1911, its first national strike of railway workers; on August 19 it leads to the Llanelli riots of 1911, Llanelli riots in Wales which result in 6 deaths. * August 21 – Leonardo da Vinci's ''Mona Lisa'' is stolen from the Louvre museum in Paris by Vincenzo Peruggia; the painting is returned in 1913. * August 27 – CSKA Moscow, a professional multi-sports club in Russia, is officially founded.September
* September 20 – collides with HMS Hawke (1891), HMS ''Hawke'' in The Solent, causing considerable damage to both ships. * September 25 – French battleship Liberté, French battleship ''Liberté'' explodes at anchor in Toulon, France, killing around 300 onboard and in the surrounding area. * September 29 – Kingdom of Italy, Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire.October
* October 4 – Qing dynasty, China adopts "Cup of Solid Gold" as its first national anthem. However, it is never performed publicly and is replaced a few months later with a new composition. * October 7 – Liberal leader Karl Staaff returns as Prime Minister of Sweden after a Riksdag election victory based on the promises of defense cuts and social reforms. * October 10 – The Wuchang Uprising starts the Xinhai Revolution, that leads to the founding of the Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China. * October 16 –Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Félix Díaz (politician), Felix Diaz, nephew of Porfirio Díaz
José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; ; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), known as Porfirio Díaz, was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 28 November 1876 to 6 Decem ...
, occupies the port of Veracruz
Veracruz (), formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is one of the 31 states which, along with Me ...
, as a sign of rebellion against Madero.
* October 26 – In American baseball, the Philadelphia Athletics defeat the New York Giants, 13–2, to win the 1911 World Series in 6 games. The game is tied 1–1 after three innings, but with four runs in the fourth, and seven runs in the seventh, the A's demolish the Giants. The most unusual play of the game is an inside-the-park home run made by the A's Jack Barry, on a Bunt (baseball), bunt.
November
* November 1 – The world's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya, during the Italo-Turkish War. Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti of Kingdom of Italy, Italy drops several small bombs.
* November 3 – Chevrolet officially enters the automobile market in the United States, in competition with the Ford Model T.
* November 4 – The Treaty of Berlin brings the Agadir Crisis to a close. This treaty leads Morocco to be split between France (as a protectorate) and Spain (as the colony of Spanish Sahara), with Germany forfeiting all claims to Morocco. In return, France gives Germany a portion of the French Congo (as Kamerun) and Germany cedes some of German Kamerun to France (as Chad).
* November 5 – Italy annexes Tripoli, Libya, Tripoli and Cyrenaica (confirmed by an act of the Italian Parliament on February 25, 1912).
* November 17 – Omega Psi Phi fraternity is founded on the campus of Howard University, in Washington, D.C.
December
* December 1 – Outer Mongolia, the forerunner of modern-day Mongolia, is declared independent from the Qing dynasty, Chinese Empire. * December 2 – Australasian Antarctic Expedition sets sail from Hobart. * December 9 – A Cross Mountain Mine disaster, mine explosion near Briceville, Tennessee kills 84 miners, despite rescue efforts led by the United States Bureau of Mines. * December 12 – The Delhi Durbar#Durbar of 1911, Delhi Durbar is held to mark the coronation ofGeorge V
George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until Death and state funeral of George V, his death in 1936.
Born duri ...
and Mary of Teck, Queen Mary as Emperor of India, Emperor and Empress of India, and the transfer of the capital of Presidencies and provinces of British India, British India from Calcutta to Delhi.
* December 14 – Roald Amundsen
Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (, ; ; 16 July 1872 – ) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He was a key figure of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
Born in Borge, Østfold, Norway, Amundsen beg ...
's expedition reaches the South Pole.
* December 18 – The first exhibition by Der Blaue Reiter group of painters opens in Munich.
* December 18–December 28, 28 – George V's 1911 hunting trip in Nepal.
* December 24 – Lackawanna Cut-Off railway line opens in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
* December 29 – Sun Yat-sen is elected Provisional President of the Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China.
Date unknown
* The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Eleventh Edition is published under American management in England, by Cambridge University Press. * New Zealand-born British physicist Ernest Rutherford deduces the existence of a compact atomic nucleus from experiments involving Rutherford scattering, proposing the Rutherford model of the atom. * The first suffrage organisation in Romania, ''Liga Drepturile si Datoriile Femeii'', is founded. * The Air Intelligence of Russia, Air Intelligence branch of Russia's Airforce is created.Births
January
* January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the ye ...
** Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (d. 1986)
** Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist (d. 2012)
* January 2 – Pavel Rychagov, Soviet air ace, air force general (d. 1941)
* January 3
Events Pre-1600
*AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor.
* 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
– Al Sack, American conductor, composer and violinist (d. 1947)
* January 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
– Jean-Pierre Aumont, French actor (d. 2001)
* January 7 – Butterfly McQueen, American actress (d. 1995)
* January 10
** Binod Bihari Chowdhury, Bangladeshi revolutionary (d. 2013)
** Norman Heatley, British biologist (d. 2004)
* January 11
** Brunhilde Pomsel, German broadcaster and secretary (d. 2017)
** Zenkō Suzuki, 44th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2004)
* January 13 – Joh Bjelke-Petersen, 31st Premier of Queensland (d. 2005)
* January 15
* January 16 – Eduardo Frei Montalva, Chilean politician, 29th President of Chile (d. 1982)
* January 17
** John S. McCain Jr., American admiral (d. 1981)
** George Stigler, American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
* January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
*1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chin ...
** José María Arguedas, Peruvian novelist, poet and anthropologist (d. 1969)
** Danny Kaye, American actor, comedian (d. 1987)
* January 19
** Ken Nelson (United States record producer), Ken Nelson, American record producer, music executive (d. 2008)
** Choor Singh, Singaporean judge (d. 2009)
* January 22 – Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria (d. 1990)
* January 25 – Kurt Maetzig, German director (d. 2012)
* January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
* 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
* 1564 – The Council of T ...
– Polykarp Kusch, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
* January 28 – Johan van Hulst, Dutch politician, academic, author and Yad Vashem recipient (d. 2018)
* January 29 – Peter von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1986)
* January 30
** Roy Eldridge, American jazz musician (d. 1989)
** Hugh Marlowe, American film, television, stage and radio actor (d. 1982)
* January 31
** Eddie Byrne, Irish actor (d. 1981)
** Baba Vanga, blind Bulgarian mystic, clairvoyant and herbalist (d. 1996)
February
* February 5
Events Pre-1600
* 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy.
* 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion.
* 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...
– Jussi Björling, Swedish tenor (d. 1960)
* February 6 – Ronald Reagan, 40th President of the United States and actor (d. 2004)
* February 8 – Elizabeth Bishop, American poet (d. 1979)
* February 10 – Victor Guillermo Ramos Rangel, Venezuelan classical musician (d. 1986)
* February 12
** Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh (Carroll Daly), 5th President of Ireland (d. 1978)
** Stephen H. Sholes, American recording executive (d. 1968)
* February 13 – Jean Muir (actress), Jean Muir, American actress (d. 1996)
* February 14 – Willem Johan Kolff, Dutch inventor (d. 2009)
* February 17
Events Pre-1600
* 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau.
* 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of ...
– Oskar Seidlin, Silesian-born Jewish-American literary scholar (d. 1984)
* February 19
** Bill Bowerman, American track athlete, co-founder of Nike, Inc. (d. 1999)
** Merle Oberon, British actress (d. 1979)
* February 24 – Eduardo Vañó Pastor, Spanish cartoonist (d. 1993)
* February 27 – Fanny Edelman, Argentine politician (d. 2011)
* February 28 – Otakar Vávra, Czech director (d. 2011)
March
* March 1 – Mike Gilbert (rugby player), Mike Gilbert, New Zealand rugby union player (d. 2002)
* March 3 – Jean Harlow, American actress (d. 1937)
* March 5 – Wolfgang Larrazábal, 52nd President of Venezuela (d. 2003)
* March 6 – Nikolai Baibakov, Soviet statesman (d. 2008)
* March 8 – Alan Hovhaness, American composer (d. 2000)
* March 12 – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, 49th President of Mexico (d. 1979)
* March 13 – L. Ron Hubbard, American author, founder of Scientology (d. 1986)
* March 16
** Pierre Harmel, 40th Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 2009)
** Josef Mengele, German Nazi war criminal (d. 1979)
* March 18 – Al Benton, American baseball player (d. 1968)
* March 20 – Alfonso García Robles, Mexican diplomat and politician, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1991)
* March 24
** Joseph Barbera, American cartoonist (d. 2006)
** Jane Drew, English architect (d. 1996)
** Ephraim Engleman, American rheumatologist (d. 2015)
* March 25
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto.
* 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...
– Jack Ruby, American mobster, killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (d. 1967)
* March 26
** Bernard Katz, German-born biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
** Tennessee Williams, American playwright (d. 1983)
* March 27 – Erich Heller, British philosopher (d. 1990)
* March 29
Events Pre-1600
* 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.
* 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...
– Brigitte Horney, German-born actress (d. 1988)
* March 31
** Freddie Green, American jazz musician (d. 1987)
** Elisabeth Grümmer, German soprano (d. 1986)
April
* April 3
Events Pre-1600
* 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul.
* 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
* 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created ...
** Stanisława Walasiewicz, Polish-born athlete (d. 1980)
** Sir Michael Woodruff, British/Australian surgeon (d. 2001)
* April 4 – Narciso J. Alegre, Filipino civil liberties advocate (d. 1980)
* April 5 – Hédi Amara Nouira, Tunisian politician, 11th Prime Minister of Tunisia (d. 1993)
* April 6 – Feodor Lynen, German biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
* April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
*1139 – Ro ...
** Melvin Calvin, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
** Emil Cioran, Romanian philosopher and essayist (d. 1995)
** Ichirō Fujiyama, Japanese composer, singer (d. 1993)
* April 10 – Maurice Schumann, French politician (d. 1998)
* April 13
Events Pre-1600
*1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
1601–1900
*1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...
– Donald Leslie, American creator of the Leslie speaker (d. 2004)
* April 15 – Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi, Egyptian jurist (d. 1998)
* April 18
Events Pre-1600
* 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days.
* 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...
– Maurice Goldhaber, Austrian-American physicist (d. 2011)
* April 23
** Józef Cyrankiewicz, Polish communist politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Poland (d. 1989)
** Ronald Neame, British film cinematographer, producer, screenwriter and director (d. 2010)
* April 26
Events Pre-1600
*1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
* 1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 14 ...
– Paul Verner, German politician (d. 1986)
* April 27
Events Pre-1600
* 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''.
* 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...
– Antonio Sastre, Argentine footballer (d. 1987)
* April 28
Events Pre-1600
* 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...
** Lee Falk, American writer, theater director and producer (d. 1999)
** Luigi Ferrando (cyclist), Luigi Ferrando, Italian bicycle racing, racing cyclist (d. 2003)
May
* May 5 – Andor Lilienthal, Hungarian chess Grandmaster (d. 2010)
* May 6 – Frank Nelson (actor), Frank Nelson, American actor (d. 1986)
* May 7 – Ishirō Honda, Japanese film director (d. 1993)
* May 8
Events Pre-1600
* 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin.
* 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...
– Robert Johnson, American guitarist, singer (d. 1938)
* May 10
Events Pre-1600
* 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China.
*1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...
– Bel Kaufman, German-born American author (d. 2014)
* May 11 – Phil Silvers, American actor, comedian (d. 1985)
* May 12 – Dorothy Rungeling, Canadian aviator (d. 2018)
* May 15
Events Pre-1600
* 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty.
* 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...
– Max Frisch, Swiss playwright and novelist (d. 1991)
* May 16 – Tunku Puan Besar Kurshiah, Malayan queen (d. 1999)
* May 17
Events Pre-1600
*1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army.
* 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
* 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
** Lisa Fonssagrives, Swedish model (d. 1992)
** André Jaunet, French-born flutist (d. 1988)
** Maureen O'Sullivan, Irish actress (d. 1998)
* May 18 – Big Joe Turner, African-American singer (d. 1985)
* May 20 – Gardner Fox, American writer (d. 1986)
* May 22 – Anatol Rapoport, Russian-born American mathematical psychologist (d. 2007)
* May 24
Events Pre-1600
* 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom.
* 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt.
* 1276 – Magnus La ...
– Carleen Hutchins, American violin maker (d. 2009)
* May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
*240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
– Eric P. Newman, American numismatist (d. 2017)
* May 27
** Hubert Humphrey, American politician, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 38th Vice President of the United States (d. 1978)
** Teddy Kollek, Austrian-born Israeli politician, mayor of Jerusalem (d. 2007)
** Vincent Price, American actor (d. 1993)
* May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
– Maurice Allais, French economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
June
* June 3 – Ellen Corby, American actress (d. 1999)
* June 4 – Milovan Đilas, Yugoslavian Marxist (d. 1995)
* June 5 – Neel E. Kearby, American fighter ace (d. 1944)
* June 9 – Hawley Pratt, American film director, animator and illustrator (d. 1999)
* June 13
** Luis Walter Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
** Prince Aly Khan, Indian-born Pakistani imam of Ismaili Shi'a Islam (d. 1960)
* June 15
Events Pre-1600
* 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.
* 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II.
* 923 – Battle of So ...
– Wilbert Awdry, English children's writer (d. 1997)
* June 16 – Paulo Gracindo, Brazilian actor (d. 1995)
* June 19 – Dudley Senanayake, 2nd Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (d. 1973)
* June 20 – Paul Pietsch, German racer, magazine magnate (d. 2012)
* June 21
Events Pre-1600
* 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
* 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...
** Irving Fein, American television, film producer (d. 2012)
** Wonderful Smith, African-American comedian (d. 2008)
* June 22
Events Pre-1600
* 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
* 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus ...
** Marie Braun, Dutch swimmer (d. 1982)
** Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark, wife of Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse, Hereditary Grand Duke Georg Donatus of Hesse and sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (d. 1937)
** Michel Dens, French baritone singer (d. 2000)
** Vernon Kirby, South African tennis player (d. 1994)
** Kenneth Mather, Sir Kenneth Mather, British geneticist and botanist (d. 1990)
* June 23
Events Pre-1600
* 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.
* 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.
* 1280 – The Spanish Re ...
** Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov, Russian aeronautical engineer (d. 1995)
** Horace Law, Admiral Sir Horace Rochfort Law, British naval officer and Commander-in-Chief, Naval Home Command (Royal Navy), Commander-in-Chief, Naval Home Command (March 1970 – May 1972) (d. 2005)
** David Ogilvy (businessman), David Ogilvy, British advertising executive (d. 1999)
** Hannah Weinstein, American journalist, publicist and left-wing political activist who became a television producer in Britain (d. 1984)
* June 24
** Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentine race car driver (d. 1995)
** Norman Lessing, American television screenwriter, producer, playwright, chess master and chess writer (d. 2001)
** Ernesto Sabato, Argentine writer (d. 2011)
** Portia White, Canadian opera singer (d. 1968)
* June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
** Reed Hadley, American actor (d. 1974)
** William Howard Stein, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
* June 26
** Toyo Shibata, Japanese poet (d. 2013)
** Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American athlete, golfer (d. 1956)
* June 27
** Ben Alexander (actor), Ben Alexander, American actor (d. 1969)
** Marion M. Magruder, American officer (d. 1997)
* June 28
Events Pre-1600
* 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch.
* 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
* 1461 – ...
** Donald Douglas (surgeon), Sir Donald Macleod Douglas, Scottish surgeon (d. 1993)
** Thalia Mara, American ballet dancer, educator and author (d. 2003)
** David Wanklyn, Lieutenant Commander Malcolm David Wanklyn, British naval officer (MIA 1942)
* June 29
** Bernard Herrmann, American composer (d. 1975)
** Lucien Lauk, French racing cyclist (d. 2001)
** Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, German-born Prince Consort of the Netherlands (1948–1980) (d. 2004)
* June 30
** Czesław Miłosz, Polish-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
** Nagarjun, Indian poet (d. 1998)
July
* July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
** Guy Raymond, American actor (d. 1997)
** Sergey Sokolov (commander), Sergei Sokolov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 2012)
* July 2
** Fred Beaver, Muscogee Creek-Seminole painter and muralist (d. 1980)
** Diego Fabbri, Italian playwright (d. 1980)
** Dorothy M. Horstmann, American epidemiologist, virologist and pediatrician (d. 2001)
** Reg Parnell, British racing driver and manager (d. 1964)
* July 3
** Herbert E. Grier, American electrical engineer (d. 1999)
** Joe Hardstaff Jr, English cricketer (d. 1990)
* July 4
Events Pre-1600
* 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...
** Mitch Miller, American singer, television personality (d. 2010)
** Elizabeth Peratrovich, American civil rights activist (d. 1958)
** Frederick Seitz, American scientist (d. 2008)
* July 5
** Costantino Nivola, Italian sculptor (d. 1988)
** Giorgio Borġ Olivier, 7th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1980)
** Georges Pompidou, President of France (d. 1974)
* July 6
** LaVerne Andrews, American singer (d. 1967)
** Annibale Frossi, Italian football player, manager (d. 1999)
** June Gale, American actress (d. 1996)
* July 7
** Hubert de Bèsche, Swedish fencer (d. 1997)
** Gretchen Franklin, English actress, dancer (d. 2005)
** Shunpei Hashioka, Japanese-Chinese boxer (d. 1978)
** Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-born American composer (d. 2007)
** Joan Perry, American film actress, model and singer (d. 1996)
* July 8
** John Ball (novelist), John Dudley Ball Jr., American novelist (d. 1988)
** Vicente Gómez (composer), Vincente Gomez, Spanish guitarist and composer (d. 2001)
** Fred Kohler Jr., American actor (d. 1993)
* July 9
** Aleksandrs Laime, Latvian-born explorer (d. 1994)
** Mervyn Peake, British writer, illustrator (d. 1968)
** Svetislav Valjarević, Serbian Yugoslav international football player (d. 1996)
** John Archibald Wheeler, American physicist (d. 2008)
* July 10 – Amalia Solórzano, First Lady of Mexico (d. 2008)
* July 11
** Hyacinth Gabriel Connon, American-Filipino De La Salle Brothers, Lasallian Brother, president of De La Salle University in Manila (1950–1959 and 1966–1978) (d. 1978)
** Olive Cotton, Australian photographer (d. 2003)
* July 14 – William Norris (CEO), William Norris, American business executive (d. 2006)
* July 15
** Max Seela, German lieutenant colonel in the Waffen-SS (d. 1999)
** Hans von Luck, German Nazi Wehrmacht officer (d. 1997)
** Paul Zoll, American cardiologist (d. 1999)
* July 16
** Ginger Rogers, American actress, dancer (d. 1995)
** Gabriele Wülker, German social scientist, civil servant (d. 2001)
* July 17 – Yang Jiang, Chinese playwright, author and translator (d. 2016)
* July 18
** Hume Cronyn, Canadian actor (d. 2003)
** Arch MacDonald, American broadcast journalist, television pioneer (d. 1985)
* July 19 – Ben Eastman, American middle-distance runner (d. 2002)
* July 21 – Marshall McLuhan, Canadian author (d. 1980)
* July 22 – José María Lemus, 33rd President of El Salvador (d. 1993)
* July 26 – Jerry Burke, American musician (d. 1965)
* July 28 – Ann Doran, American actress (d. 2000)
* July 29 – Ján Cikker, Slovak composer (d. 1989)
* July 31 – George Liberace, American musician (d. 1983)
August
* August 2 – Rusty Wescoatt, American actor (d. 1987)
* August 3 – Manuel Esperón, Mexican musician, composer (d. 2011)
* August 5 – Robert Taylor (American actor), Robert Taylor, American actor (d. 1969)
* August 6
** Lucille Ball, American actress, television producer and co-owner of Desilu Productions (d. 1989)
** Norman Gordon, South African cricketer (d. 2014)
** Constance Fecher Heaven, British romance writer (d. 1995)
* August 7 – Nicholas Ray, American director (d. 1979)
* August 8 – Rosetta LeNoire, American actress (d. 2002)
* August 9 – William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
* August 10
** Leonidas Andrianopoulos, Greek footballer (d. 2011)
** A. N. Sherwin-White, English historian (d. 1993)
* August 11
** William H. Avery (politician), William H. Avery, American politician (d. 2009)
** Thanom Kittikachorn, 10th Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 2004)
* August 12 – Cantinflas, Mexican actor (d. 1993)
* August 13 – Roy Pinney, American herpetologist, photographer, war correspondent and writer (d. 2010)
* August 15 – Anthony Salerno, American gangster (d. 1992)
* August 17
** Mikhail Botvinnik, Russian chess player (d. 1995)
** Martin Sandberger, German military officer (d. 2010)
* August 18 – Amelia Boynton Robinson, African-American civil rights activist (d. 2015)
* August 23
** Betty Robinson, American Olympic athlete (d. 1999)
** Birger Ruud, Norwegian athlete (d. 1998)
* August 25 – Võ Nguyên Giáp, General of the Vietnam People's Army (d. 2013)
* August 29 – John Charnley, English orthopaedic surgeon, pioneer of hip replacement operation (d. 1982)
* August 31 – Ramón Vinay, Chilean operatic tenor (d. 1996)
September
* September 1 – Kōmei Abe, Japanese composer (d. 2006)
* September 2 – Romare Bearden, American artist (d. 1988)
* September 6 – Harry Danning, American baseball player (d. 2004)
* September 7 – Todor Zhivkov, 36th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1998)
* September 8 – Byron Morrow, American actor (d. 2006)
* September 9
** Paul Goodman, American author (d. 1972)
** John Gorton, Sir John Gorton, 19th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2002)
* September 10
** Nelly Omar, Argentine actress and singer (d. 2013)
** Renée Simonot, French actress (d. 2021)
* September 13 – Bill Monroe, American musician (d. 1996)
* September 15 – Joseph Pevney, American director (d. 2008)
* September 19 – William Golding, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
* September 24
** Konstantin Chernenko, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (d. 1985)
** Ed Kretz, American motorcycle racer (d. 1996)
* September 25 – Eric Williams, 1st Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 1981)
* September 27 – John Harvey (actor), John Harvey, American actor (d. 1982)
* September 29 – Charles Court, Australian politician (d. 2007)
* September 30
** Bernd von Brauchitsch, German air force officer (d. 1974)
** Ruth Gruber, American journalist and writer (d. 2016)
October
* October 3 – Edgar Sanabria, Venezuelan lawyer, diplomat and politician, Interim President of Venezuela (d. 1989)
* October 4 – Mary Two-Axe Earley, Canadian indigenous women's rights activist (d. 1996)
* October 5
**Pierre Dansereau, Canadian ecologist (d. 2011)
**Brian O'Nolan, Irish humorist (d. 1966)
* October 9 – Joe Rosenthal, American photographer (d. 2006)
* October 10 – Clare Hollingworth, English journalist (d. 2017)
* October 12 – Vijay Merchant, Indian cricketer (d. 1987)
* October 13
** Tadeusz Chyliński, Polish designer and constructor (d. 1978)
** Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)
* October 14 – Lê Đức Thọ, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1990)
* October 15 – James H. Schmitz, German-born American science fiction writer (d. 1981)
* October 21
** Dick Harris (Australian rules footballer), Dick Harris, Australian rules footballer (d. 1993)
** William A. Mitchell, American food chemist, inventor (d. 2004)
* October 26
** Sid Gillman, American football coach (d. 2003)
** Mahalia Jackson, African-American Gospel music, gospel singer (d. 1972)
* October 27 – Leif Erickson (actor), Leif Erickson, American actor (d. 1986)
* October 30
** Ruth Hussey, American actress (d. 2005)
** Eileen Whelan, British cricketer (d. 2021)
November
* November 1
** Henri Troyat, French writer (d. 2007)
** Sidney Wood, American tennis player (d. 2009)
* November 2 – Odysseas Elytis, Greek writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
* November 5 – Roy Rogers, American singer, actor (d. 1998)
* November 7
** Yolande Beekman, French-born World War II heroine (d. 1944)
** Ángeles Santos Torroella, Spanish painter (d. 2013)
* November 12
** Yehoshua Rabinovitz, Israeli politician (d. 1979)
** Chad Varah, British priest and humanitarian (d. 2007)
* November 13 – Buck O'Neil, American baseball player, manager (d. 2006)
* November 15 – Kay Walsh, British actress (d. 2005)
* November 24 – Erik Bergman, Finnish composer (d. 2006)
* November 25 – Roelof Frankot, Dutch painter (d. 1984)
* November 26 – Robert Marchand (cyclist), Robert Marchand, French cyclist (d. 2021)
* November 27
** David Merrick, American theater producer (d. 2000)
** Fe del Mundo, Filipino paediatrician (d. 2011)
* November 28 – Václav Renč, Czech poet, dramatist and translator (d. 1973)
* November 30 – Jorge Negrete, Mexican singer and actor (d. 1953)
December
* December 1 – Walter Alston, American baseball player, manager (d. 1984)
* December 3 – Nino Rota, Italian composer (d. 1979)
* December 5 – Władysław Szpilman, Polish pianist, memoirist (d. 2000)
* December 8 – Lee J. Cobb, American actor (d. 1976)
* December 9 – Broderick Crawford, American actor (d. 1986)
* December 10 – Chet Huntley, American television reporter (d. 1974)
* December 11
** Val Guest, British film director (d. 2006)
** Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
** Qian Xuesen, Chinese scientist (d. 2009)
* December 13
** Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
** Kenneth Patchen, American poet and painter (d. 1972)
* December 14
** Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz, Greek-Polish athlete, Resistance member (d. 1943)
** Spike Jones, American musician (d. 1965)
** Hans von Ohain, German physicist, designer of the first operational jet engine (d. 1998)
* December 15 – Stan Kenton, American jazz pianist, composer and arranger (d. 1979)
* December 17 – André Claveau, French singer, Eurovision Song Contest 1958 winner (d. 2003)
* December 18 – Jules Dassin, American director (d. 2008)
* December 20 – Hortense Calisher, American author (d. 2009)
* December 21 – Josh Gibson, African-American baseball player (d. 1947)
* December 23 – Niels Kaj Jerne, English-born immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
* December 25 – Louise Bourgeois, French-born American artist (d. 2010)
* December 26
** Steve Kordek, American pinball innovator (d. 2012)
** Kikuko, Princess Takamatsu of Japan (d. 2004)
* December 27
** Abdul Halim (Indonesia), Abdul Halim, Indonesian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Indonesia (d. 1987)
** Anna Russell, British comedian and singer (d. 2006)
* December 28 – Sam Levenson, American humorist and author (d. 1980)
* December 29 – Klaus Fuchs, German theoretical physicist, spy (d. 1988)
Deaths
January
* January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the ye ...
– John I. Curtin, American general (b. 1837)
* January 3
Events Pre-1600
*AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor.
* 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
** 'Abd al-Ahad Khan, Emir of Bukhara (b. 1859)
** Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek poet (b. 1851)
* January 4
** Stefano Bruzzi, Italian painter (b. 1835)
** Francesco Segna, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1836)
* January 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
** Walter Beatty, Canadian political figure (b. 1836)
** Marcelina Darowska, Polish Roman Catholic nun, saint (b. 1827)
* January 6 – Sir John Aird, 1st Baronet, English civil engineer (b. 1833)
* January 8 – Pietro Gori, Italian lawyer, journalist and poet (b. 1865)
* January 12 – Georg Jellinek, Austrian legal philosopher (b. 1851)
* January 13 – Władysław Czachórski, Polish painter (b. 1850)
* January 15 – Carolina Coronado, Spanish poet (b. 1820)
* January 17 – Sir Francis Galton, British explorer, biologist (b. 1822)
* January 23 – Edmund Beswick, English rugby football player (b. 1858)
February
* February 1 – Charles Stillman Sperry, American admiral (b. 1847)
* February 2 – Archduke Johann Salvator of Austria (b. 1852)
* February 4 – Piet Cronjé, Boer general (b. 1836)
* February 8 – Joaquín Costa, Spanish politician, lawyer, economist and historian (b. 1846)
* February 10 – Gustavo Maria Bruni, Italian childhood Roman Catholic servant of God (b. 1903)
* February 14 – David Boyle (archaeologist), David Boyle, Canadian archaeologist (b. 1842)
* February 15
** Theodor Escherich, German-born Austrian pediatrician (b. 1857)
** Pavel Grigorievich Dukmasov, Russian general (b. 1838)
* February 16 – Alice Morse Earle, American historian (b. 1851)
* February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
* 1268 &ndas ...
– Buttons Briggs, American baseball player (b. 1875)
* February 21 – Isidre Nonell, Spanish painter (b. 1873)
* February 23
** Richard Henry Beddome, British military officer, naturalist (b. 1830)
** Giuditta Vannini, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed, blessed (b. 1859)
* February 25 – Fritz von Uhde, German painter (b. 1848)
March
* March 1 – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
* March 6
** Mary Anne Barker, English author (b. 1831)
** Thierry, Count of Limburg Stirum, Belgian historian (b. 1827)
* March 11 – Théotime Blanchard, Canadian farmer, teacher, merchant and politician (b. 1844)
* March 18
** Richard Chaffey Baker, Richard Baker, Australian politician (b. 1842)
** Anna Brackett, American feminist, educator (b. 1836)
* March 21 – Shams-ul-haq Azeemabadi, Indian Islamic scholar (b. 1857)
* March 22 – William Collins (bishop), William Collins, British Anglican bishop (b. 1867)
* March 24
** Rodolphe-Madeleine Cleophas Dareste de La Chavanne, French jurist (b. 1824)
** Dragan Tsankov, Bulgarian politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1828)
* March 27 – Margarita Savitskaya, Russian actress (b. 1868)
* March 28 – Samuel Franklin Emmons, American geologist (b. 1841)
* March 30
** Pellegrino Artusi, Italian businessman (b. 1820)
** Ellen Swallow Richards, American chemist (b. 1842)
April
* April 5 – Charles Frederic Moberly Bell, British journalist and newspaper editor (b. 1847)
* April 9 – Manuel Aguirre de Tejada, Spanish politician and lawyer (b. 1827)
* April 10 – Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Lithuanian artist and composer (b. 1875)
* April 12 – James Mathers (missionary), James Mathers, Irish missionary (b. 1854)
* April 14
** Addie Joss, American baseball player, National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Major League Baseball Hall of Fame member (b. 1880)
** Denman Thompson, American actor, playwright (b. 1833)
* April 25 – Emilio Salgari, Italian writer (b. 1862)
* April 26
Events Pre-1600
*1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
* 1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 14 ...
– Pedro Paterno, Filipino politician (b. 1857)
* April 29 – Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (b. 1846)
May
* May 6 – Robert Alden, American author (b. 1836)
* May 9 – Thomas Wentworth Higginson, American Unitarian minister and abolitionist (b. 1823)
* May 16 – Gheorghe Manu, 17th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1833)
* May 18 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (b. 1860)
* May 21
Events Pre-1600
* 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as ''Caesar (title), Caesar'' to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy.
* 878 – Syracuse, Sicily, is Siege of Syracuse ...
– Williamina Fleming, Scottish astronomer (b. 1857)
* May 23 – John Douglas (English architect), John Douglas, English architect (b. 1830)
* May 24
Events Pre-1600
* 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom.
* 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt.
* 1276 – Magnus La ...
– Dezső Bánffy, 12th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1843)
* May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
*240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
** Vasily Klyuchevsky, Russian historian (b. 1841)
** William Ridley (bishop), William Ridley, British missionary (b. 1836)
* May 27 – Thursday October Christian II, Pitcairn Islands leader (b. 1820)
* May 29
** Benjamin Broomhall, British advocate (b. 1829)
** Daniel W. Burke, American soldier (b. 1841)
** Stephanus Jacobus du Toit, South African nationalist, theologian, journalist and politician (b. 1847)
** W. S. Gilbert, English dramatist (b. 1836)
* May 30
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...
– Milton Bradley, American businessman and board game pioneer (b. 1836)
June
* June 1 – Claudio Brindis de Salas Garrido, Cuban violinist (b. 1852)
* June 2 – Axel Olof Freudenthal, Finnish philologist, politician (b. 1836)
* June 5 – Édouard Bague, French aviator (b. 1879)
* June 7
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Istanbul, Constantinople (Byzantine Empire).
* 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir of Croatia, Branimir as an independent ...
** William Gordon (bishop of Leeds), William Gordon, British Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1831)
** Maurice Rouvier, French statesman, Prime Minister of France (b. 1842)
* June 9 – Carrie Nation, American temperance activist (b. 1846)
* June 16 – Joshua H. Berkey, American publisher, minister and political activist (b. 1852)
* June 20 – Ghazaros Aghayan, Armenian writer, educator, folklorist, historian, linguist and public figure (b. 1840)
* June 23
Events Pre-1600
* 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.
* 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.
* 1280 – The Spanish Re ...
– Cecrope Barilli, Italian painter (b. 1839)
* June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
– Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy (b. 1843)
* June 26 – Lucy Hughes Brown, American physician (b. 1863)
July
* July 2
** José Dias Correia de Carvalho, Portuguese Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1830)
** Mary M. Cohen, American social economist (b. 1854)
** Clement A. Evans, American Confederate general (b. 1833)
* July 5
** Maria Pia of Savoy, Queen consort of Portugal (b. 1847)
** George Johnstone Stoney, Irish physicist (b. 1826)
* July 6 – Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg (b. 1830)
* July 8 – Henry Perrine Baldwin, American businessman (b. 1842)
* July 11 – Laura Jacinta Rittenhouse, American temperance activist and juvenile literature author (b. 1841)
* July 14 – Ignaz von Peczely, Hungarian scientist, physician and homeopath (b. 1826)
* July 15
** Carlo Ademollo, Italian painter (b. 1824)
** Louisa Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (b. 1832)
* July 16 – August Harambašić, Croatian writer (b. 1861)
* July 17 – Rufino José Cuervo, Colombian linguist, philologist and writer (b. 1844)
* July 19 – Manuel Iradier, Spanish explorer and Africanist (b. 1854)
* July 20 – Caleb Cook Baldwin, American Presbyterian missionary (b. 1820)
* July 25
** Edmund Bogdanowicz, Polish poet, writer and journalist (b. 1857)
** Carmen Salles y Barangueras, Spanish Roman Catholic religious professed and saint (b. 1848)
* July 26 – José Alves de Cerqueira César, Brazilian politician (b. 1835)
August
* August 1
** Edwin Austin Abbey, American painter (b. 1852)
** Konrad Duden, German philologist (b. 1829)
* August 6 – Florentino Ameghino, Argentine naturalist, paleontologist, anthropologist and zoologist (b. 1853)
* August 7
** Elizabeth Akers Allen, American poet and journalist (b. 1832)
** José Rafael Balmaceda, Chilean politician, diplomat (b. 1850)
* August 11
** Isabela de Rosis, Italian Roman Catholic religious sister, servant of God and Venerable (b. 1842)
** Albert Ladenburg, German chemist (b. 1842)
* August 12 – Jules Brunet, French military leader (b. 1838)
* August 14 – Henry Rathbone, Union Army officer and diplomat (b. 1837)
* August 15 – William R. Badger, American pioneer aviator (b. 1886)
* August 16 – Patrick Francis Moran, Australian cardinal, Catholic Bishops and Archbishops of Sydney, Archbishop of Sydney (b. 1830)
* August 17 – Petro Nini Luarasi, Albanian activist (b. 1854)
* August 29 – Mahbub Ali Khan of Hyderabad (b. 1886)
* August 31 – Benjamin Grierson, American Civil War general (b. 1826)
September
* September 4 – John Francon Williams, Welsh-born journalist, writer, geographer, historian, cartographer and inventor (b. 1854)
* September 7 – Friedrich Breitfuss, Russian philatelist (b. 1851)
* September 12 – William Alexander (bishop), William Alexander, Irish Anglican bishop, Primate of All Ireland (b. 1824)
* September 15 – Joel Benton, American writer, poet and lecturer (b. 1832)
* September 16 – Edward Whymper, British explorer, mountaineer (b. 1840)
* September 18 – Pyotr Stolypin, 3rd Prime Minister of Russia (assassinated) (b. 1862)
* September 20 – Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet, British diplomat (b. 1835)
* September 23 – John Arthur Barry, British-born Australian journalist, author (b. 1850)
* September 25 – Emma Helen Blair, American journalist, editor (b. 1851)
* September 29 – Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote, 3rd Governor-General of Australia (b. 1846)
* September 30 – Herbert Hope Risley, Sir Herbert Risley, British ethnographer and colonial administrator (b. 1851)
October
* October – Blanche Atkinson, British novelist (b. 1847)
* October 1 – Wilhelm Dilthey, German psychologist, sociologist and philosopher (b. 1833)
* October 2 – Winfield Scott Schley, American admiral (b. 1839)
* October 3 – Carolina Beatriz Ângelo, Portuguese physician (b. 1878)
* October 5 – William Astley, Australian writer (b. 1855)
* October 7
** John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (b. 1835)
** Elmer McCurdy, American outlaw (b. 1880)
* October 8 – Lee Batchelor, Australian politician (b. 1865)
* October 9
** Cornelius Newton Bliss, American merchant, politician and collector (b. 1833)
** Antonio Borrero, 10th President of Ecuador (b. 1827)
* October 11
** Dimitar Agura, Bulgarian historian (b. 1849)
** Henry Broadhurst, British trade unionist, politician (b. 1840)
** Elena Arellano Chamorro, Nicaraguan pioneer educator (b. 1836)
* October 13 – Miguel Malvar, Filipino general (b. 1865)
* October 14 – John Marshall Harlan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1833)
* October 17 – José López Domínguez, Spanish military officer, politician and 24th Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1829)
* October 18 – Alfred Binet, French psychologist (b. 1857)
* October 19 – Eugene Burton Ely, American aviation pioneer (b. 1886)
* October 24 – Ida Lewis (lighthouse keeper), Ida Lewis, American lighthouse keeper (b. 1842)
* October 27 – Arthur Lloyd (missionary), Arthur Lloyd, British Anglican missionary (b. 1852)
* October 28 – Clement V. Rogers, Cherokee politician, father of Will Rogers (b. 1839)
* October 29 – Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian-born newspaper publisher, journalist (b. 1847)"Joseph Pulitzer Dies Here," ''Charleston [S.C.] News & Courier'', October 30, 1911, p. 1
* October 30 – Elizabeth Herbert, Baroness Herbert of Lea, English Catholic writer, translator, philanthropist and social figure (b. 1822)
* October 31 – John Joseph Montgomery, American glider pioneer (b. 1858)
November
* November 2 – Kyrle Bellew, English actor (b. 1850)
* November 3 – George Chrystal, British mathematician (b. 1851)
* November 7
** Constantin Budisteanu, Romanian soldier, politician (b. 1838)
** Nathaniel Bull, Australian politician (b. 1842)
* November 8 – Oscar Bielaski, American baseball player (b. 1847)
* November 9 – Howard Pyle, American artist and fiction writer (b. 1853)
* November 10 – Christian Lundeberg, Swedish politician, 10th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1842)
* November 11 – Josef Roman Lorenz, Austrian naturalist (b. 1825)
* November 14 – Francis Buxton, British barrister and politician (b. 1847)
* November 19
** Billy Beaumont, English football player (b. 1883)
** Ramón Cáceres, 31st President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1866)
* November 20 – Sophia Frances Anne Caulfeild, British needlework artist (b. 1824)
* November 22
** William George Aston, British consular official (b. 1841)
** John Sanford Barnes, American businessman (b. 1836)
* November 23
** James George Bell, American businessman, settler (b. 1831)
** Bernard Tancred, South African cricketer (b. 1865)
* November 25 – Paul Lafargue, French Marxist theorist, activist (b. 1842)
* November 26
** Komura Jutarō, Japanese statesman (b. 1855)
** Nikola Hristić, Prime Minister of Serbia (b. 1818)
* November 28 – Preston Jacobus, American developer, businessman and politician (b. 1864)
* November 29 – Stanley Calvert Clarke, British army officer, courtier
December
* December 1 – Vassily Maximov, Russian painter (b. 1844)
* December 2
** George Davidson (geographer), George Davidson, English-born American geodesist, astronomer, geographer, surveyor and engineer (b. 1825)
** Eugène Alphonse Dyer, Canadian merchant, farmer and political figure (b. 1838)
* December 7 – Robert Maitland Brereton, English railway engineer (b. 1834)
* December 9 – Blessed Bernard Mary of Jesus, Italian Roman Catholic priest, blessed (b. 1831)
* December 10 – Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist (b. 1817)
* December 11 – Thomas Ball (artist), Thomas Ball, American sculptor, musician (b. 1819)
* December 13 – Nikolay Beketov, Russian chemist (b. 1827)
* December 19 – John Bigelow, American lawyer, statesman (b. 1817)
* December 20 – Rose Eytinge, American actress (b. 1835)
* December 21
** Catharine H. T. Avery, American author and editor (b. 1844)
** Emilio Estrada Carmona, 18th President of Ecuador (b. 1855)
* December 22
** Mary Jane Coggeshall, American suffragist (b. 1836)
** Odilon Lannelongue, French surgeon (b. 1840)
* December 24 – Hyacinth (Jacek) Gulski, American Roman Catholic priest (b. 1847)
* December 25 – Arthur F. Griffith, American calculating prodigy (b. 1880)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Wilhelm Wien * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Marie Curie * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Allvar Gullstrand * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Maurice Maeterlinck * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Tobias AsserReferences
Further reading
''New International year book: 1911'' comprehensive, global coverage online
''Britannica year-book, 1913'' (1913) covers 1911 and 1912, global coverage
* Gilbert, Martin. ''A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900-1933'' (1997); global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare; pp 225–44. {{DEFAULTSORT:1911 1911,