Events from the year 1905 in Italy.

Kingdom of Italy

*Monarch –

Victor Emmanuel III The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * ''Victor'' (1993 film), a French shor ...

(1900–1946) *

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

– *#

Giovanni Giolitti Giovanni Giolitti (; 27 October 1842 – 17 July 1928) was an Italian statesman. He was the Prime Minister of Italy five times between 1892 and 1921. After Benito Mussolini, he is the second-longest serving Prime Minister in Italian history. A pr ...

(1903–1905) *#

Tommaso Tittoni Tommaso Tittoni (16 November 1855 – 7 February 1931) was an Italian diplomat, politician and Knight of the Annunziata. He was Italy's foreign minister from 1903 until 1909, except for a five-month period. He also was interim prime minister for ...

(1905) *#

Alessandro Fortis Alessandro Fortis (16 September 1842 – 4 December 1909) was an Italian politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Italy from 1905 to 1906. Early career Fortis was born in Forlì, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, and became a lawyer. A repu ...

(1905–1906) *

Population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...

– 33,489,000

Events

February

* February – Prime Minister

brings a bill to the Chamber of Deputies for the nationalization of the railways that makes it a crime to stop or disturb railway service. The railway unions order a slowdown.Ashley, ''Making Liberalism Work''
p. 65
/ref>

March

* March 5 – Pleading illness Giolitti resigns over the issue of national railways.Italian Ministry Out; Whole Cabinet Resigns Owing to the Illness of Premier Giolitti
The New York Times, March 5, 1905 * March 12 – An interim government under

takes over. * March 28 – On the recommendation of Giolitti,

forms a new government, he is the first Jewish Prime Minister of Italy. The government undertakes the nationalization of the railways, after confronting a railroad strike in April that could have paralyzed transportation in the country. Railroad workers became public employees, which deprives them of the right to strike.

April

* April – The Italian government acquired control (from a private Italian company called ''SACI'') of the coastal area around

Mogadishu Mogadishu (, also ; so, Muqdisho or ; ar, مقديشو ; it, Mogadiscio ), locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and List of cities in Somalia by population, most populous city of Somalia. The city has served as an important port ...

, and creates the colony of

Italian Somaliland Italian Somalia ( it, Somalia Italiana; ar, الصومال الإيطالي, Al-Sumal Al-Italiy; so, Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaalida), was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia. Ruled in the 19th centur ...

. * April 17 – Railroad workers go on strike on the eve of the presentation of the new railway bill to the

Italian Chamber of Deputies The Chamber of Deputies ( it, Camera dei deputati) is the lower house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Senate of the Republic). The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical funct ...

.Italian Railroad Men To Begin Strike To-Day; Trains to be Run by Soldiers and Navy Engineers
The New York Times, April 17, 1905 * April 22 – The strike of railway workers ends with an agreement over arbitration between the government and railroad men.Italian Strike Ended; Arbitration Between Government and Railroad Men Planned
The New York Times, April 22, 1905 The

Ferrovie dello Stato Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. ( "Italian Railways of the State"; previously only Ferrovie dello Stato, hence the abbreviation FS) is Italy's national state-owned railway holding company that manages transport, infrastructure, real estat ...

(State Railways) is instituted, taking control over the majority of the national railways, which were private until then, with a total of of lines.

June

* June 11 –

Pope Pius X Pope Pius X ( it, Pio X; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death in August 1914. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing modernist interpretations of C ...

promulgates the encyclical '' Il fermo proposito'', which establishes

Azione Cattolica The Azione Cattolica Italiana, or Azione Cattolica (Catholic Action) for short, is a widespread Roman Catholic lay association in Italy. History In Italy in 1905, Azione Cattolica was established as a non-political lay organization under the dir ...

as a non-political lay organization under the direct control of bishops. It was established after an earlier similar organization,

Opera dei Congressi The Opera dei Congressi or Work of the Congress was a Roman Catholic organisation that promoted Catholic ideas and culture. It was created in 1874, and observed the positions of the Catholic Church, in particular ''Non Expedit''.Helena Dawes (2011) ...

was disbanded in 1904 because many of its members were siding with

modernism Modernism is both a philosophy, philosophical and arts movement that arose from broad transformations in Western world, Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new fo ...

. Catholics were allowed by the Pope to vote "to help the maintenance of the social order".Clark, ''Modern Italy: 1871 to the present''
p. 176
/ref>

July

* July 1 – The three principal railway companies in Italy are brought together with a number of private operators into the nationalised Ferrovie dello Stato.

September

* September 8 – An

earthquake An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from ...

strikes southern Italy with a magnitude of 7.2, damaging parts of Lipari Island and

Messina Province Messina (, ) was a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily in Italy. Its capital was the city of Messina. It was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Messina. Geography Territory It had an area of , which amounts to 12.6 percent ...

, and killing between 557 and 2,500 people. The earthquake particularly affects the

Calabria , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...

region, destroying as many as 25 villages, and 14,000 homes. Fortis visited the area and introduced a special law to aid these southern regions. This measure was the first real acknowledgment by the Italian state of the fundamental problems underlying southern underdevelopment.Fortis, Alessandro
, Historical Dictionary of modern Italy

December

* December 3 – Foreign Minister Tittoni resigns over his proposal to reduce the duty on Spanish wine in connection with an Italo-Spanish commercial treaty that created turmoil among the rural classes.Italian Ministers Resign; Premier Fortis Asks for Resignation of the Entire Cabinet
The New York Times, December 4, 1905 * December 17 – The government of Prime Minister Fortis resigns the proposal to reduce the duty on Spanish wine in connection with an Italo-Spanish commercial treaty.Three Cabinets Resign; Italian, Greek, and Montenegrin - Italy's Modus with Spain Rejected
The New York Times, December 18, 1905 * December 23 – Fortis forms a new government, without Tittoni.New Italian Cabinet; Fortis Again Premier
The New York Times, December 24, 1905

Births

* January 8 –

Giacinto Scelsi Giacinto Francesco Maria Scelsi (; 8 January 1905 – 9 August 1988, sometimes cited as 8 August 1988) was an Italian composer who also wrote surrealist poetry in French. He is best known for having composed music based around only one pitch, ...

, Italian composer (d. 1988) * February 1 –

Emilio G. Segrè Emilio may refer to: * Emilio Navaira, a Mexican-American singer often called "Emilio" * Emilio Piazza Memorial School, in Port Harcourt, Rivers State * Emilio (given name) * ''Emilio'' (film), a 2008 film by Kim Jorgensen See also * Emílio (dis ...

, Italian physicist,

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...

laureate (d. 1989) * April 13 –

Bruno Rossi Bruno Benedetto Rossi (; ; 13 April 1905 – 21 November 1993) was an Italian experimental physicist. He made major contributions to particle physics and the study of cosmic rays. A 1927 graduate of the University of Bologna, he became in ...

, Italian

experimental physicist Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and o ...

(d. 1993) * September 15 –

Bernardo Mattarella Bernardo Mattarella (15 September 1905 – 1 March 1971) was an Italian politician for the Christian Democrat party (''Democrazia Cristiana'', DC). He was a cabinet minister of Italy several times, becoming one of the most important politicians o ...

, Italian politician (d. 1971)

Deaths

* June 18 –

Carmine Crocco Carmine Crocco, known as Donatello or sometimes Donatelli (Rionero in Vulture, 5 June 1830 – Portoferraio, 18 June 1905), was an Italian brigand. Initially a soldier for the Bourbons, he later fought in the service of Giuseppe Garibaldi. ...

, Italian brigand and folk hero (b. 1830) * August 31 –

Francesco Tamagno Francesco Tamagno (28 December 1850 – 31 August 1905) was an Italian operatic tenor who sang with enormous success throughout Europe and America.Warrack, John and West, Ewan (1992), ''The Oxford Dictionary of Opera'', 782 pages, On 5 February ...

, Italian opera singer (b. 1850) * September 14 –

Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazzà, later known as Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de Brazza; 26 January 1852 – 14 September 1905), was an Italian-born, naturalized French explorer. With his family's financial help, he explored the Ogoou� ...

, Franco-Italian explorer (b. 1852)

References

* Ashley, Susan A. (2003).
Making Liberalism Work: The Italian Experience, 1860-1914
', Westport (CT): Praeger Publishers, * Clark, Martin (2008).
Modern Italy: 1871 to the present
', Harlow: Pearson Education, {{DEFAULTSORT:1905 in Italy

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

Years of the 20th century in Italy