Events
January–March
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
–
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs:
Manhattan
Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...
,
Brooklyn
Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
,
Queens
Queens is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Queens County, in the U.S. state of New York. Located on Long Island, it is the largest New York City borough by area. It is bordered by the borough of Brooklyn at the western tip of Long ...
,
The Bronx
The Bronx () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; north and east of the New York City borough of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of the New Y ...
and
Staten Island
Staten Island ( ) is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Richmond County, in the U.S. state of New York. Located in the city's southwest portion, the borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull an ...
.
*
January 13
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years.
* 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...
– Novelist
Ămile Zola
Ămile Ădouard Charles Antoine Zola (, also , ; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of ...
's
open letter
An open letter is a Letter (message), letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally.
Open letters usually take the form of a letter (mess ...
to the President of the French Republic on the
Dreyfus affair
The Dreyfus affair (french: affaire Dreyfus, ) was a political scandal that divided the French Third Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. "L'Affaire", as it is known in French, has come to symbolise modern injustice in the Francop ...
, ''
J'AccuseâŠ!
"''J'Accuse...!''" (; "I Accuse...!") is an open letter that was published on 13 January 1898 in the newspaper ''L'Aurore'' by Ămile Zola in response to the Dreyfus affair. Zola addressed President of France FĂ©lix Faure and accused his Govern ...
'', is published on the front page of the Paris daily newspaper ''
L'Aurore
''LâAurore'' (; ) was a literary, liberal, and socialist newspaper published in Paris, France, from 1897 to 1914. Its most famous headline was Ămile Zola's '' J'Accuse...!'' leading into his article on the Dreyfus Affair.
The newspaper was ...
'', accusing the government of wrongfully imprisoning
Alfred Dreyfus
Alfred Dreyfus ( , also , ; 9 October 1859 â 12 July 1935) was a French artillery officer of Jewish ancestry whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most polarizing political dramas in modern French history. ...
and of
antisemitism
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism.
Antis ...
.
*
February 12
Events Pre-1600
*1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the HeiligenâGeist Spital in Vienna.
*1429 – English forces under ...
– The automobile belonging to Henry Lindfield of
Brighton
Brighton () is a seaside resort and one of the two main areas of the City of Brighton and Hove in the county of East Sussex, England. It is located south of London.
Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze A ...
rolls out of control down a hill in
Purley, London
Purley is an area of the London Borough of Croydon in London, England, south of Charing Cross, with a history going back at least 800 years. It was originally granted as an estate from holdings at Sanderstead and until as a district of Surrey a ...
, England, and hits a tree; thus he becomes the world's first fatality from an automobile accident on a
public highway
A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and public tracks. In some areas of the United States, it is used as an equivalent term to controlled-access ...
.
*
February 15
Events Pre-1600
* 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus
* 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.
* 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
–
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
: The
USS ''Maine'' explodes and sinks in
Havana
Havana (; Spanish: ''La Habana'' ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of the La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center. Harbor,
Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, RepĂșblica de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
, for reasons never fully established, killing 266 men. The event precipitates the United States' declaration of war on Spain, two months later.
![USS Maine h60255a](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/USS_Maine_h60255a.jpg)
*
February 23
Events Pre-1600
* 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.
* 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...
–
Ămile Zola
Ămile Ădouard Charles Antoine Zola (, also , ; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of ...
is imprisoned in France, after writing ''
J'AccuseâŠ!
"''J'Accuse...!''" (; "I Accuse...!") is an open letter that was published on 13 January 1898 in the newspaper ''L'Aurore'' by Ămile Zola in response to the Dreyfus affair. Zola addressed President of France FĂ©lix Faure and accused his Govern ...
''.
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
–
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 â 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...
creates the
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP; in , ''Rossiyskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya (RSDRP)''), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or the Russian Social Democratic Party, was a socialist pol ...
.
*
March 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1074 – Battle of MogyorĂłd: Dukes GĂ©za and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
* 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...
–
Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...
and sports club
BSC Young Boys
BSC Young Boys (YB by short abbreviation ) are a Swiss sports club based in Bern, Switzerland. Its first team has won 15 Swiss league championships and six Swiss Cups. YB is one of the most successful Swiss football clubs internationally, reac ...
is established in
Bern
german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese
, neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, MĂŒhleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen
, website ...
, Switzerland, as the ''Fussballclub Young Boys''.
*
March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.
*1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
– In
Melbourne
Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a met ...
the representatives of five colonies adopt a
constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.
When ...
, which will become the basis of the
Commonwealth of Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ...
.
*
March 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
*1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate off ...
– Robert Allison of
Port Carbon, Pennsylvania
Port Carbon is a borough of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States, located two miles (3 km) northeast of Pottsville. It is in a coal-mining area. In the past, ironworks had been a feature of the borough. In 1900, 2,168 people live ...
becomes the first person to buy an American-built automobile, when he buys a
Winton automobile
The Winton Motor Carriage Company was a pioneer United States automobile manufacturer based in Cleveland, Ohio. Winton was one of the first American companies to sell a motor car. In 1912 Winton became one of the first American manufacturers ...
that has been advertised in ''
Scientific American
''Scientific American'', informally abbreviated ''SciAm'' or sometimes ''SA'', is an American popular science magazine. Many famous scientists, including Albert Einstein and Nikola Tesla, have contributed articles to it. In print since 1845, it i ...
''.
*
March 26
Events Pre-1600
* 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
* 1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is ...
– The
Sabie Game Reserve in South Africa is created, as the first officially designated
game reserve
A game reserve (also known as a wildlife preserve or a game park) is a large area of land where wild animals live safely or are hunted in a controlled way for sport. If hunting is prohibited, a game reserve may be considered a nature reserve; ...
.
April–June
*
April 5
Events Pre-1600
* 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
* 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...
–
Annie Oakley
Annie Oakley (born Phoebe Ann Mosey; August 13, 1860 â November 3, 1926) was an American sharpshooter who starred in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show.
Oakley developed hunting skills as a child to provide for her impoverished family in western ...
promotes the service of women in combat situations, with the United States military. On this day, she writes a letter to President McKinley "offering the government the services of a company of 50 'lady sharpshooters' who would provide their own arms and ammunition should war break out with Spain." In the
history of women in the military
Women have served in the military in many different roles in various jurisdictions throughout history. Woman, Women in many countries are no longer excluded from some types of combat missions such as piloting, mechanics, and infantry officer. ...
, there are records of female U.S. Revolutionary and Civil War soldiers who enlisted using male pseudonyms, but Oakley's letter represents possibly the earliest political move towards women's rights for combat service, in the United States military.
*
April 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Ălvares Cabral lands in Brazil.
* 1519 – Spanish conquistador HernĂĄn CortĂ©s establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
* 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern ...
–
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
: The United States Navy begins a
blockade
A blockade is the act of actively preventing a country or region from receiving or sending out food, supplies, weapons, or communications, and sometimes people, by military force.
A blockade differs from an embargo or sanction, which are le ...
of
Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, RepĂșblica de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
n ports and the
USS ''Nashville'' captures a Spanish merchant ship.
*
April 23
Events Pre-1600
* 215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene.
* 599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southe ...
–
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
: A conference of senior
Spanish Navy
The Spanish Navy or officially, the Armada, is the maritime branch of the Spanish Armed Forces and one of the oldest active naval forces in the world. The Spanish Navy was responsible for a number of major historic achievements in navigation, ...
officers led by naval minister
Segismundo Bermejo
Admiral Segismundo Bermejo y Merelo (9 March 1832, San Fernando â 2 December 1899, Madrid) was a Spanish naval officer who served as chief of staff in the Spanish Navy and Minister of the Navy during the SpanishâAmerican War. He was most notab ...
decide to send Admiral
Pascual Cervera
Admiral Pascual Cervera y Topete (18 February 1839, Medina-Sidonia, CĂĄdiz, Spain â 3 April 1909, Puerto Real, CĂĄdiz, Spain) was a prominent Spanish naval officer with the rank of '' Almirante'' (admiral) who served in a number of high positio ...
's squadron to Cuba and Puerto Rico.
*
April 25
Events Pre-1600
* 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion.
* 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
–
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
: The United States declares war on Spain; the
U.S. Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is Bicameralism, bicameral, composed of a lower body, the United States House of Representatives, House of Representatives, and an upper body, ...
announces that a state of war has existed since
April 21
Events Pre-1600
*753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date).
* 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...
(later backdating this one more day to
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601â1900
* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
* 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
).
*
April 25
Events Pre-1600
* 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion.
* 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
– In
Essen
Essen (; Latin: ''Assindia'') is the central and, after Dortmund, second-largest city of the Ruhr, the largest urban area in Germany. Its population of makes it the fourth-largest city of North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne, DĂŒsseldorf and D ...
, German company Rheinisch-WestfÀlisches ElektrizitÀtswerk
RWE
RWE AG is a German multinational energy company headquartered in Essen. It generates and trades electricity in Asia-Pacific, Europe and the United States. The company is Europe's most climate threatening Company, the world's number two in offsh ...
is founded.
*
April 26
Events Pre-1600
*1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
* 1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 14 ...
– An explosion in
Santa Cruz, California
Santa Cruz (Spanish for "Holy Cross") is the county seat and largest city of Santa Cruz County, in Northern California. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 62,956. Situated on the northern edge of Monterey Bay, Santa Cruz is a pop ...
kills 13 workers, at the
California Powder Works
California Powder Works was the first American explosive powder manufacturing company west of the Rocky Mountains. When the outbreak of the Civil War cut off supplies of gunpowder to California's mining and road-building industries, a local manufac ...
.
*
April 29
Events Pre-1600
*1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
* 1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and beco ...
– A first time of large scale for
commercial vehicle exhibition show,
Paris Auto Show
The Paris Motor Show (french: Mondial de l'Automobile) is a biennial auto show in Paris. Held during October, it is one of the most important auto shows, often with many new production automobile and concept car debuts. The show presently take ...
was held in
Tuileries Garden
The Tuileries Garden (french: Jardin des Tuileries, ) is a public garden located between the Louvre and the Place de la Concorde in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. Created by Catherine de' Medici as the garden of the Tuileries Palace in ...
,
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 kmÂČ (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
, France.
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
* 1169 &ndas ...
–
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
–
Battle of Manila Bay
The Battle of Manila Bay ( fil, Labanan sa Look ng Maynila; es, Batalla de BahĂa de Manila), also known as the Battle of Cavite, took place on 1 May 1898, during the SpanishâAmerican War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore ...
:
Commodore Dewey destroys the Spanish squadron, in the first battle of the war, as well as the first battle in the Philippines Campaign.
*
May 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
* 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
* 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...
– Thousands of Chinese scholars and Beijing citizens seeking reforms protest in front of the
capital control
Capital controls are residency-based measures such as transaction taxes, other limits, or outright prohibitions that a nation's government can use to regulate flows from capital markets into and out of the country's capital account. These measure ...
yuan.
*
May 7
Events Pre-1600
* 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch.
* 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...
–
9 –
Bava Beccaris massacre
The Bava Beccaris massacre, named after the Italian General Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris, was the repression of widespread food riots in Milan, Italy, on 6â10 May 1898. In Italy the suppression of these demonstrations is also known as ''Fatti di Magg ...
: Hundreds of demonstrators are killed, when General
Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris
Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris (; 17 March 1831 â 8 April 1924) was an Italian general, especially remembered for his brutal repression of riots in Milan in 1898, known as the Bava Beccaris massacre.
Biography
Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris was born in Fossa ...
orders troops to fire on a rally in
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
, Italy.
*
May 8
Events Pre-1600
* 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin.
* 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...
– The first games of the
Italian Football Federation
The Italian Football Federation ( it, Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio; FIGC), known colloquially as ''Federcalcio'', is the governing body of football in Italy. It is based in Rome and the technical department is in Coverciano, Florence.
It ...
are played, in which
Genoa
Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, ZĂȘna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the List of cities in Italy, sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian ce ...
played against
Torino
Turin ( , Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. T ...
.
*
May 12
Events Pre-1600
* 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism.
* 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...
–
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
: The
Puerto Rican Campaign begins, with the
Bombardment of San Juan
The Bombardment of San Juan, or the First Battle of San Juan, on 12 May 1898 was an engagement between United States Navy warships and the Spanish fortifications of San Juan, Puerto Rico. It was the first major action of the Puerto Rican Cam ...
.
*
May 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
* 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
* 1153 &ndash ...
– The territory of
Kwang-Chou-Wan
The Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan, officially the , was a territory on the coast of Zhanjiang in China leased to France and administered by French Indochina. The capital of the territory was Fort-Bayard, present-day Zhanjiang.
The Japan ...
is leased by China to France, according to the Treaty of
12 April
Events Pre-1600
* 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I.
* 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to ...
1892
Events
JanuaryâMarch
* January 1 â Ellis Island begins accommodating immigrants to the United States.
* February 1 - The historic Enterprise Bar and Grill was established in Rico, Colorado.
* February 27 â Rudolf Diesel applies for ...
, as the ''Territoire de Kouang-Tchéou-Wan'', forming part of
French Indochina
French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China),; vi, ÄĂŽng DÆ°ÆĄng thuá»c PhĂĄp, , lit. 'East Ocean under French Control; km, á„ááááŒá
á·ááá¶áá¶áá, ; th, àžàžŽàžàčàžàžàž”àžàžàžŁàž±àčàžàčàžšàžȘ, ...
.
*
May 28
Events Pre-1600
* 585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from w ...
–
Secondo Pia
Secondo Pia (9 September 1855 â 7 September 1941) was an Italian lawyer and amateur photographer. He is best known for taking the first photographs of the Shroud of Turin on 28 May 1898 and, when he was developing them, noticing that the phot ...
takes the first photographs of the
Shroud of Turin
The Shroud of Turin ( it, Sindone di Torino), also known as the Holy Shroud ( it, Sacra Sindone, links=no or ), is a length of linen cloth bearing the negative image of a man. Some describe the image as depicting Jesus of Nazareth and bel ...
and discovers that the image on the Shroud itself appears to be a
photographic negative
In photography, a negative is an image, usually on a strip or sheet of transparent plastic film, in which the lightest areas of the photographed subject appear darkest and the darkest areas appear lightest. This reversed order occurs because th ...
.
![Philippines Flag Original](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Philippines_Flag_Original.svg)
*
June 1
Events Pre-1600
*1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
*1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...
– The
Trans-Mississippi Exposition
The Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition was a world's fair held in Omaha, Nebraska from June 1 to November 1 of 1898. Its goal was to showcase the development of the entire West, stretching from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Coa ...
World's Fair
A world's fair, also known as a universal exhibition or an expo, is a large international exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world at a specif ...
opens, in
Omaha, Nebraska
Omaha ( ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County. Omaha is in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about north of the mouth of the Platte River. The nation's 39th-largest cit ...
.
*
June 7
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Istanbul, Constantinople (Byzantine Empire).
* 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir of Croatia, Branimir as an independent ...
–
William Ramsay
Sir William Ramsay (; 2 October 1852 â 23 July 1916) was a Scottish chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements ...
and
Morris Travers
Morris William Travers, FRS (24 January 1872 â 25 August 1961) was an English chemist who worked with Sir William Ramsay in the discovery of xenon, neon and krypton. His work on several of the rare gases earned him the name ''Rare gas T ...
discover
neon
Neon is a chemical element with the symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is a noble gas. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air. It was discovered (along with krypton ...
at their laboratory at
University College London
, mottoeng = Let all come who by merit deserve the most reward
, established =
, type = Public research university
, endowment = ÂŁ143 million (2020)
, budget = ...
, after extracting it from liquid nitrogen.
*
June 9
Events Pre-1600
* 411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy.
* 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia.
* 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending the J ...
– The British government arranges a
99-year rent of Hong Kong from China.
*
June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ćtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
–
Tuone Udaina
Tuone Udaina (1823 – 10 June 1898; Antonio Udina in Italian) was the last person to have any active knowledge of the Dalmatian language, a Romance language that had evolved from Latin along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. He was ...
, the last known speaker of the
Dalmatian language
Dalmatian () or Dalmatic (; dlm, langa dalmata, link=no or simply ; it, lingua dalmatica, dalmatico; sh, dalmatski) was a Romance language that was spoken in the Dalmatia region of present-day Croatia, and as far south as Kotor in Monteneg ...
, is killed in an explosion.
*
June 11
Events Pre-1600
* 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
– Peking Normal University Hall, as predecessor for
Peking University
Peking University (PKU; ) is a public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education.
Peking University was established as the Imperial University of Peking in 1898 when it received its royal charter ...
was founded in
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
. (present day of
People's Republic of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
)
*
June 12
Events Pre-1600
* 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
* 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...
–
Philippine Declaration of Independence
The Philippine Declaration of Independence ( fil, Pagpapahayag ng Kasarinlan ng Pilipinas; es, DeclaraciĂłn de Independencia de Filipinas); es, Acta de la proclamaciĂłn de independencia del pueblo Filipino, link=no) was proclaimed by Fili ...
: After more than 377 years of Spanish dominance, General
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (: March 22, 1869February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is the youngest president of the Philippines (1899â1901) and is recognized as the first president of the Philippine ...
declares the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, RepĂșblica de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
' independence from Spain.
*
June 13
Events Pre-1600
* 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius, Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia.
*1325 – Ib ...
–
Yukon Territory
Yukon (; ; formerly called Yukon Territory and also referred to as the Yukon) is the smallest and westernmost of Canada's three territories. It also is the second-least populated province or territory in Canada, with a population of 43,964 as ...
is formed in Canada, with
Dawson chosen as its capital.
*
June 19
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea.
*1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chang ...
– A
snack
A snack is a small portion of food generally eaten between meals. Snacks come in a variety of forms including packaged snack foods and other processed foods, as well as items made from fresh ingredients at home.
Traditionally, snacks are p ...
food processing
Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing includes many forms of processing foods, from grinding grain to make raw flour to home cooking to complex industr ...
giant
Nabisco
Nabisco (, abbreviated from the earlier name National Biscuit Company) is an American manufacturer of cookies and snacks headquartered in East Hanover, New Jersey. The company is a subsidiary of Illinois-based MondelÄz International.
Nabisco's ...
founded in
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
,
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
.
*
June 21
Events Pre-1600
* 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
* 1307 – KĂŒlĂŒg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...
–
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
: The United States
captures Guam, making it the first U.S.
overseas territory
A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal.
In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...
.
*
June 28
Events Pre-1600
* 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch.
* 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
* 1461 – ...
– Effective date of the
Curtis Act of 1898
The Curtis Act of 1898 was an amendment to the United States Dawes Act; it resulted in the break-up of tribal governments and communal lands in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indian Territory: the Choctaw, Chickasaw ...
which will lead to the dissolution of tribal and communal lands in Indian Territory and ultimately the creation of the State of
Oklahoma
Oklahoma (; Choctaw language, Choctaw: ; chr, áŁá§áłá°áč, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the nor ...
in 1907.
July–September
*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
–
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
:
Battle of San Juan Hill
The Battle of San Juan Hill, also known as the Battle for the San Juan Heights, was a major battle of the SpanishâAmerican War fought between an American force under the command of William Rufus Shafter and Joseph Wheeler against a Spanish fo ...
– United States troops (including
Buffalo Soldier
Buffalo Soldiers originally were members of the 10th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army, formed on September 21, 1866, at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. This nickname was given to the Black Cavalry by Native American tribes who fought in th ...
s and
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 â January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...
's
Rough Riders
The Rough Riders was a nickname given to the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, one of three such regiments raised in 1898 for the SpanishâAmerican War and the only one to see combat. The United States Army was small, understaffed, and diso ...
) take a strategic position close to
Santiago de Cuba
Santiago de Cuba is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province. It lies in the southeastern area of the island, some southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana.
The municipality extends over , and contains t ...
from the Spanish.
*
July 3
Events Pre-1600
* 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
* 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revol ...
**
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
:
Battle of Santiago de Cuba
The Battle of Santiago de Cuba was a decisive naval engagement that occurred on July 3, 1898 between an American fleet, led by William T. Sampson and Winfield Scott Schley, against a Spanish fleet led by Pascual Cervera y Topete, which occurred ...
– The
United States Navy
The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...
destroys the
Spanish Navy
The Spanish Navy or officially, the Armada, is the maritime branch of the Spanish Armed Forces and one of the oldest active naval forces in the world. The Spanish Navy was responsible for a number of major historic achievements in navigation, ...
's Caribbean Squadron.
** American adventurer
Joshua Slocum
Joshua Slocum (February 20, 1844 â on or shortly after November 14, 1909) was the first person to sail single-handedly around the world. He was a Nova Scotian-born, naturalised American seaman and adventurer, and a noted writer. In 1900 he wr ...
completes a 3-year solo
circumnavigation
Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical object, astronomical body (e.g. a planet or natural satellite, moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth.
The first recorded circ ...
of the world.
*
July 4
Events Pre-1600
* 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...
– En route from New York to
Le Havre
Le Havre (, ; nrf, LĂ© HĂąvre ) is a port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the river Seine on the Channel southwest of the Pays de Caux, very cl ...
, the ocean liner collides with another ship and sinks off the coast of
Sable Island
Sable Island (french: Ăźle de Sable, literally "island of sand") is a small Canadian island situated southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and about southeast of the closest point of mainland Nova Scotia in the North Atlantic Ocean. The island i ...
with the loss of 549 lives.
*
July 7
Events Pre-1600
* 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks.
* 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution.
* 1520 – Spanish ''conquistado ...
– The United States annexes the
Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands ( haw, NÄ Mokupuni o Hawaiâi) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kur ...
.
*
July 9
Events Pre-1600
*118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome.
* 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
– The
Nationale Tentoonstelling van Vrouwenarbeid 1898
Nationale Tentoonstelling van Vrouwenarbeid 1898 (literary: 'National Exhibition of Women's Work') was a national exhibition which took place in The Hague in The Netherlands 9 July â 21 September 1898. Maria Grever en Berteke Waaldijk: Feministi ...
took place in The Hague and becomes a milestone for the Dutch women's movement.
*
July 17
Events Pre-1600
* 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
* 1048 – Damas ...
–
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
: Battle of Santiago Bay – Troops under United States General
William R. Shafter
William Rufus Shafter (October 16, 1835 – November 12, 1906) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War who received America's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Fair Oaks. Shafter ...
take the city of
Santiago de Cuba
Santiago de Cuba is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province. It lies in the southeastern area of the island, some southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana.
The municipality extends over , and contains t ...
from the Spanish.
*
July 18
Events Pre-1600
* 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the RomanâEtruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
* 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...
– "The Adventures of
Louis de Rougemont
Louis De Rougemont (12 November 1847 â 9 June 1921) was a Swiss explorer who claimed to have had adventures in Australasia.
Personal history
"De Rougemont" was born Henri Louis Grin in 1847 in Gressy, Vaud, Switzerland. He left home at the ag ...
" first appear in ''
The Wide World Magazine
''The Wide World Magazine'' was a British monthly illustrated publication which ran from April 1898 to December 1965.[ ...](_blank)
'', as its August 1898 issue goes on sale.
*
July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
–
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
: The United States invasion of
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated ...
begins, with a landing at
GuĂĄnica Bay.
*
August 12
Events Pre-1600
* 1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade.
* 1121 – Ba ...
–
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
: Hostilities end between American and Spanish forces in Cuba.
*
August 13
Events Pre-1600
* 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.
* 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas.
* 554 – Em ...
–
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
:
Battle of Manila – By prior agreement, the Spanish commander surrenders the city of
Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
to the United States, in order to keep it out of the hands of Filipino rebels, ending hostilities in the Philippines.
*
August 20
Events Pre-1600
*AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile.
* 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arabs, Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take c ...
– The
Gornergrat railway
The Gornergrat Railway (german: Gornergrat Bahn; GGB) is a mountain rack railway, located in the Swiss canton of Valais. It links the resort village of Zermatt, situated at above mean sea level, to the summit of the Gornergrat. The Gornergr ...
opens, connecting
Zermatt
Zermatt () is a municipality in the district of Visp in the German-speaking section of the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a year-round population of about 5,800 and is classified as a town by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO).
...
to the
Gornergrat
The Gornergrat ( en, Gorner Ridge; ) is a rocky ridge of the Pennine Alps, overlooking the Gorner Glacier south-east of Zermatt in Switzerland. It can be reached from Zermatt by the Gornergrat rack railway (GGB), the highest open-air railway in ...
in Switzerland.
*
August 21
Events Pre-1600
* 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of LiĂšge.
* 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the JinâSong Wars.
*1169 – Battle o ...
–
Clube de Regatas Vasco da Gama
Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama (), commonly referred as Vasco da Gama or simply Vasco, is a professional sports club based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Originally a rowing club, Vasco is mostly known for its football team, who it currently compet ...
is founded in
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after SĂŁo Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
,
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
.
*
August 23
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Caesar ...
– The
Southern Cross Expedition
The ''Southern Cross'' Expedition, otherwise known as the British Antarctic Expedition, 1898â1900, was the first British venture of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, and the forerunner of the more celebrated journeys of Robert Falcon Sc ...
, the first British venture of the
Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration was an era in the exploration of the continent of Antarctica which began at the end of the 19th century, and ended after the First World War; the ShackletonâRowett Expedition of 1921â1922 is often cit ...
, sets sail from London.
*
August 24
Events Pre-1600
* 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father.
* 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written. ...
– Chickasaw and Choctaw tribes sign the
Atoka Agreement
The Atoka Agreement is a document signed by representatives of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indian Nations and members of the United States Dawes Commission on April 23, 1897, at Atoka, Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). It provided for the allotment ...
, a requirement of the
Curtis Act of 1898
The Curtis Act of 1898 was an amendment to the United States Dawes Act; it resulted in the break-up of tribal governments and communal lands in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indian Territory: the Choctaw, Chickasaw ...
.
*
August 25
Events Pre-1600
* 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...
– 700 Greeks and 15 Englishmen are slaughtered by the Turks in
Heraklion, Greece
Heraklion or Iraklion ( ; el, ÎÏÎŹÎșλΔÎčÎż, , ) is the largest city and the administrative capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion regional unit. It is the fourth largest city in Greece with a population of 211,370 (Urban Ar ...
, leading to the establishment of the autonomous
Cretan State
The Cretan State ( el, ÎÏηÏÎčÎșÎź ΠολÎčÏΔία, Kritiki Politeia; ota, Ù۱ÙŰŻ ŰŻÙÙŰȘÙ, Girid Devleti) was established in 1898, following the intervention by the Great Powers (United Kingdom, France, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Germany ...
.
*
August 28
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – The Roman general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city, Ravenna.
* 489 – Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way ...
– American pharmacist
Caleb Bradham
Caleb Davis Bradham (May 27, 1867 â February 19, 1934) was an American pharmacist, best known as the inventor of soft drink Pepsi.
Early life
Bradham was born Caleb Davis Bradham on May 27, 1867, in Chinquapin, North Carolina to George Washing ...
names his soft drink ''
Pepsi-Cola
Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by PepsiCo. Originally created and developed in 1893 by Caleb Bradham and introduced as Brad's Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola in 1898, and then shortened to Pepsi in 1961.
History
Pepsi was ...
''.
*
September 2
Events
Pre-1600
*44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
* 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them ...
–
Battle of Omdurman
The Battle of Omdurman was fought during the Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan between a BritishâEgyptian expeditionary force commanded by British Commander-in-Chief (sirdar) major general Horatio Herbert Kitchener and a Sudanese army of the M ...
: British and Egyptian troops led by
Horatio Kitchener
Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, (; 24 June 1850 â 5 June 1916) was a senior British Army officer and colonial administrator. Kitchener came to prominence for his imperial campaigns, his scorched earth policy against the Boers, h ...
defeat Sudanese tribesmen led by Khalifa Abdullah al-Taashi, thus establishing British dominance in the
Sudan
Sudan ( or ; ar, ۧÙŰłÙۯۧÙ, as-SĆ«dÄn, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, ŰŹÙ
ÙÙ۱ÙŰ© ۧÙŰłÙۯۧÙ, link=no, JumhĆ«riyyat as-SĆ«dÄn), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...
.
*
September 10
Events Pre-1600
* 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
*1419 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France.
* 1509 – An eart ...
– Italian anarchist
Luigi Lucheni
Luigi Lucheni (April 22, 1873 â October 19, 1910) was an Italian anarchist and the assassin of Empress Elisabeth of Austria.
Early life
Luigi Lucheni was born Louis Luccheni in Paris on April 22, 1873. His father, unknown, and his mother, ...
assassinates
Empress Elisabeth of Austria
Duchess Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie in Bavaria (24 December 1837 â 10 September 1898) was Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary from her marriage to Emperor Franz Joseph I on 24 April 1854 until her assassination in 1898.
Elisabeth was ...
in Geneva, as an act of
propaganda of the deed
Propaganda of the deed (or propaganda by the deed, from the French ) is specific political direct action meant to be exemplary to others and serve as a catalyst for revolution.
It is primarily associated with acts of violence perpetrated by pro ...
.
*
September 18
Events Pre-1600
* 96 – Domitian, who has been conducting a reign of terror for the past three years, is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects.
* 96 – Nerva is proclaimed Roman emperor a ...
–
Fashoda Incident
The Fashoda Incident, also known as the Fashoda Crisis ( French: ''Crise de Fachoda''), was an international incident and the climax of imperialist territorial disputes between Britain and France in East Africa, occurring in 1898. A French exped ...
: A powerful
flotilla
A flotilla (from Spanish, meaning a small ''flota'' (fleet) of ships), or naval flotilla, is a formation of small warships that may be part of a larger fleet.
Composition
A flotilla is usually composed of a homogeneous group of the same class ...
of British
gunboat
A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets, as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare, or for ferrying troops or supplies.
History Pre-steam ...
s arrives at the French-occupied fort of
Fashoda
Kodok or Kothok ( ar, ÙÙŰŻÙÙ), formerly known as Fashoda, is a town in the north-eastern South Sudanese state of Upper Nile State. Kodok is the capital of Shilluk country, formally known as the Shilluk Kingdom. Shilluk had been an independe ...
on the
White Nile
The White Nile ( ar, ۧÙÙÙÙ Ű§ÙŰŁŰšÙ۶ ') is a river in Africa, one of the two main tributaries of the Nile, the other being the Blue Nile. The name comes from the clay sediment carried in the water that changes the water to a pale color. ...
, leading to a diplomatic stalemate, until French troops are ordered to withdraw on
November 3
Events Pre-1600
* 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor.
*1333 – The River Arno floods causing massive damage in F ...
.
*
September 21
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
* 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders.
* 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...
**
Empress Dowager Cixi
Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; mnc, Tsysi taiheo; formerly Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Empress Dowager T'zu-hsi; 29 November 1835 â 15 November 1908), of the Manchu people, Manchu Nara (clan)#Yehe Nara, Yehe Nara clan, was a Chinese nob ...
of China engineers a
coup d'Ă©tat
A coup d'Ă©tat (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...
, marking the end of the
Hundred Days' Reform
The Hundred Days' Reform or Wuxu Reform () was a failed 103-day national, cultural, political, and educational reform movement that occurred from 11 June to 22 September 1898 during the late Qing dynasty. It was undertaken by the young Guangxu E ...
; the
Guangxu Emperor
The Guangxu Emperor (14 August 1871 â 14 November 1908), personal name Zaitian, was the tenth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign lasted from 1875 to 1908, but in practice he ruled, wi ...
is arrested.
**
Geert Adriaans Boomgaard
Geert Adriaans Boomgaard (21 September 1788; baptized 23 September 1788[Groningen
Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of t ...]
in the Netherlands becomes the world's first validated
supercentenarian
A supercentenarian (sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian) is a person who has reached the age of 110 years. This age is achieved by about one in 1,000 centenarians. Supercentenarians typically live a life free of major age-related diseases u ...
.
October–December
*
October 1
Events Pre-1600
* 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
* 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated.
* 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadwig. ...
– The
Vienna University of Economics and Business
The Vienna University of Economics and Business (german: WirtschaftsuniversitÀt Wien, WU) is a public research university in Vienna, Austria, the largest university focusing on business, management and economics in Europe. It has been ranked a ...
is founded, under the name ''K.U.K. Exportakademie''.
*
October 3
Events Pre-1600
* 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (íì
) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day.
* 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...
–
Battle of Sugar Point
The Battle of Sugar Point, or the Battle of Leech Lake, was fought on October 5, 1898 between the 3rd U.S. Infantry and members of the Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians in a failed attempt to apprehend Pillager Ojibwe Bugonaygeshig ("Old Bug" or ...
: Ojibwe tribesmen defeat U.S. government troops, in northern
Minnesota
Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...
.
*
October 3
Events Pre-1600
* 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (íì
) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day.
* 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...
â
8 – The
Stuttgart Congress The Stuttgart Congress of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) was held between October 3âOctober 8, 1898, in Stuttgart, Kingdom of WĂŒrttemberg (now Germany).
The Stuttgart Congress was the first congress to discuss the question of revi ...
of the
Social Democratic Party of Germany
The Social Democratic Party of Germany (german: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, ; SPD, ) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Germany. It is one of the major parties of contemporary Germany.
Saskia Esken has been the ...
is held in
Stuttgart
Stuttgart (; Swabian: ; ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-WĂŒrttemberg. It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known as the ''Stuttgarter Kessel'' (Stuttgart Cauldron) and lies an hour from the ...
.
*
October 6
Events Pre-1600
* 105 BC – Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio accelerates the Marian reforms of the Roman army of the mid-Republic.
*69 BC – Third Mithridatic War: The military of the Roman Republic subdue Armenia.
*AD ...
– The Sinfonia Club, later to become the
Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia
Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity of America (colloquially known as Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, Phi Mu Alpha, or simply Sinfonia) () is an American collegiate social fraternity for men with a special interest in music. The fraternity is open to men "w ...
fraternity, is founded at the
New England Conservatory of Music
The New England Conservatory of Music (NEC) is a Private college, private music school in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the oldest independent music Music school, conservatory in the United States and among the most prestigious in the world. The ...
in
Boston
Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
, Massachusetts by
Ossian Everett Mills
Ossian Everett Mills (February 16, 1856 – December 26, 1920) was the founder of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity of America, at the New England Conservatory of Music
The New England Conservatory of Music (NEC) is a Private college, pr ...
.
*
October 12
Events Pre-1600
* 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar)
* 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance unde ...
– The first town council is established in
Mateur
Mateur ( aeb, Ù
ۧ۷۱ ') is a town in northern Tunisia. It is located at around , close to the Lac Ichkeul National Park.
Overview
Located in the southwest of the governorate of Bizerte, Mateur is the county seat of a delegation of 61,919 ...
,
Tunisia
)
, image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa
, image_map2 =
, capital = Tunis
, largest_city = capital
, ...
.
![Boston-MA-blizzard-snow-train-November-27-1898-photo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Boston-MA-blizzard-snow-train-November-27-1898-photo.jpg)
*
October 15
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ătheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later.
* 1211 ...
– The
Fork Union Military Academy
Fork Union Military Academy (abbreviated as FUMA) is a private, all-male, college preparatory military boarding school located in Fork Union, Virginia. Founded in 1898, Fork Union is considered one of the premier military boarding academies in th ...
is founded, in
Fork Union, Virginia
Fork Union is an unincorporated community in southern Fluvanna County, Virginia, along U.S. Highway 15. Its ZIP code is 23055; the population within that ZIP code was 1148 according to the 2000 Census. It is known mainly as the home of Fork Unio ...
.
*
October 31
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Romulus Augustulus is proclaimed Western Roman Emperor.
* 683 – During the Siege of Mecca, the Kaaba catches fire and is burned down.
* 802 – Empress Irene is deposed and banished to Lesbos. Conspi ...
– The
Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem
The Lutheran Church of the Redeemer ( he, ŚŚ ŚĄŚŚŚȘ ŚŚŚŚŚ, ar, ۧÙÙÙÙ۳۩ ۧÙÙÙ۫۱ÙŰ© ÙÙ Ű§ÙÙŰŻŰł, german: Erlöserkirche) is the second Protestant church in Jerusalem (the first being Christ Church near Jaffa Gate). It is ...
, is dedicated.
*
November 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1138 – LĂœ Anh TĂŽng is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
* 1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in TrĂ©guier, is published; this is the first Br ...
–
Negros Revolution
The Negros Revolution ( fil, Himagsikang Negrense; ceb, Rebolusyong Negrense; es, RevoluciĂłn negrense), commemorated and popularly known as the Fifth of November ( es, links=no, Cinco de noviembre) or Negros Day ( hil, Adlaw sang Negros; ce ...
: Filipinos on the island of
Negros
Negros is the fourth largest and third most populous island in the Philippines, with a total land area of . Negros is one of the many islands of the Visayas, in the central part of the country. The predominant inhabitants of the island region a ...
revolt against
Spanish rule and establish the short-lived
Republic of Negros
The Republic of Negros ( hil, Republika sang Negros; ceb, Republika sa Negros; es, RepĂșblica de Negros) was a short-lived revolutionary entity which had existed on the island of Negros first as a canton of the First Philippine Republic and ...
.
*
November 10
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.
* 937 – Ten Kingdoms: Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Yang ...
– The
Wilmington insurrection of 1898
The Wilmington insurrection of 1898, also known as the Wilmington massacre of 1898 or the Wilmington coup of 1898, was a coup d'Ă©tat and massacre carried out by white supremacists in Wilmington, North Carolina, United States, on Thursday, Novem ...
, a coup d'Ă©tat by the white Democratic Party of North Carolina, begins.
*
November 26
Events Pre-1600
* 783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her king from retaking the throne from Mauregatus.
*1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynasty ...
– A two-day blizzard known as the
Portland Gale
The Portland Gale was a storm that struck the coast of New England on November 26 and 27, 1898. The storm formed when two low pressure areas merged off the coast of Virginia and travelled up the coast; at its peak, it produced a storm surge of abo ...
piles snow in
Boston
Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
, severely impacting the
fishing industry and several coastal
New England
New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...
towns.
*
December 9
Events Pre-1600
* 536 – Gothic War: The Byzantine general Belisarius enters Rome unopposed; the Gothic garrison flees the capital.
* 730 – Battle of Marj Ardabil: The Khazars annihilate an Umayyad army and kill its commander, al- ...
– The first of the two
Tsavo Man-Eaters
The Tsavo Man-Eaters were a pair of man-eating male lions in the Tsavo region of Kenya, which were responsible for the deaths of many construction workers on the Kenya-Uganda Railway between March and December 1898. The lion pair was said to ha ...
is shot by
John Henry Patterson; the second is killed 3 weeks later, after 135 railway construction workers have been killed by the lions.
*
December 10
Events Pre-1600
*1317 – The "Nyköping Banquet": King Birger of Sweden treacherously seizes his two brothers Valdemar, Duke of Finland and Eric, Duke of Södermanland, who were subsequently starved to death in the dungeon of Nyköpin ...
– The
Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris may refer to one of many treaties signed in Paris, France:
Treaties
1200s and 1300s
* Treaty of Paris (1229), which ended the Albigensian Crusade
* Treaty of Paris (1259), between Henry III of England and Louis IX of France
* Trea ...
is signed, ending the
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
.
*
December 18
Events Pre-1600
* 1271 – Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (ć
yuĂĄn), officially marking the start of the Yuan dynasty of Mongolia and China.
*1499 – A rebellion breaks out in Alpujarras in response to the forced conversion ...
–
sets the first official
land speed record
The land speed record (or absolute land speed record) is the highest speed achieved by a person using a vehicle on land. There is no single body for validation and regulation; in practice the Category C ("Special Vehicles") flying start regula ...
in an automobile, averaging 63.15 km/h (39.24 mph) over 1 km (0.62 mi) in France.
*
December 26
Events Pre-1600
* 887 – Berengar I is elected as king of Italy by the lords of Lombardy. He is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy at Pavia.
* 1481 – Battle of Westbroek: An army of 4,000 to 5,000 soldiers raised by David of Bu ...
–
Marie
Marie may refer to:
People Name
* Marie (given name)
* Marie (Japanese given name)
* Marie (murder victim), girl who was killed in Florida after being pushed in front of a moving vehicle in 1973
* Marie (died 1759), an enslaved Cree person in Tro ...
and
Pierre Curie
Pierre Curie ( , ; 15 May 1859 â 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity. In 1903, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Curie, and Henri Becqu ...
announce the discovery of an element that they name ''
radium
Radium is a chemical element with the symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals. Pure radium is silvery-white, but it readily reacts with nitrogen (rather t ...
''.
*
December 29
Events Pre-1600
*1170 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II; he subsequently becomes a saint and martyr in the Anglican Communion and the Catholic Church.
...
(December 17
Old Style
Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 158 ...
) –
The Moscow Art Theatre production of ''The Seagull'' by
Anton Chekhov
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; 29 January 1860 Old Style date 17 January. â 15 July 1904 Old Style date 2 July.) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career ...
opens.
*
December 31
It is known by a collection of names including: Saint Sylvester's Day, New Year's Eve or Old Years Day/Night, as the following day is New Year's Day. It is the last day of the year; the following day is January 1, the first day of the followin ...
– French serial killer
Joseph Vacher
Joseph Vacher (16 November 1869 â 31 December 1898) was a French serial killer and necrophile, sometimes known as "The French Ripper" or "L'Ă©ventreur du Sud-Est" ("The South-East Ripper") owing to comparisons to the more famous Jack the Ripp ...
is executed at
Bourg-en-Bresse
Bourg-en-Bresse (; frp, BĂŽrg) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Ain Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-RhĂŽne-Alpes Regions of France, region in Eastern France. Located northeast of Lyon, it is the capital of the ...
.
Unknown dates
*
North Petherton
North Petherton is a small town and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated on the edge of the eastern foothills of the Quantocks, and close to the edge of the Somerset Levels.
The town has a population of 6,730 as of 2014. The parish includ ...
becomes the first community in England to install
acetylene
Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula and structure . It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure ...
lighting.
*
Wakita is founded in the
Cherokee Strip
The Cherokee Outlet, or Cherokee Strip, was located in what is now the state of Oklahoma in the United States. It was a 60-mile-wide (97 km) parcel of land south of the Oklahoma-Kansas border between 96 and 100°W. The Cherokee Outlet wa ...
,
Oklahoma
Oklahoma (; Choctaw language, Choctaw: ; chr, áŁá§áłá°áč, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the nor ...
.
* Henry Adams Consulting Engineers founded by
Henry Adams (mechanical engineer)
Henry Adams (February 11, 1858 – December 9, 1929) was an American mechanical engineer. He emigrated at age 22 to Baltimore from Duisburg, Prussia (now Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany), having been educated as a building engineer. He later wor ...
in Baltimore, Maryland (the firm will still be in business in the 21st century).
* The first volume of the
Linguistic Survey Of India
The Linguistic Survey of India (LSI) is a comprehensive survey of the languages of British India, describing 364 languages and dialects. The Survey was first proposed by George Abraham Grierson, a member of the Indian Civil Service and a linguist w ...
is published in
Calcutta
Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, the official name until 2001) is the Capital city, capital of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal, on the eastern ba ...
.
* As a result of the merger of several small oil companies,
John D. Rockefeller
John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 â May 23, 1937) was an American business magnate and philanthropist. He has been widely considered the wealthiest American of all time and the richest person in modern history. Rockefeller was ...
's
Standard Oil Company
Standard Oil Company, Inc., was an American oil production, transportation, refining, and marketing company that operated from 1870 to 1911. At its height, Standard Oil was the largest petroleum company in the world, and its success made its co-f ...
controls 84% of the USA's oil, and most American pipelines.
* JG Palmer is established as a newspaper wholesaler in
Kent
Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north-west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west, and Essex to the north across the estuary of the River Thames; it faces ...
.
Births
January–March
![Dönges cropped](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/D%C3%B6nges_cropped.jpg)
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
**
Tony DeMarco
Tony DeMarco (January 14, 1932 â October 11, 2021), born Leonardo Liotta, was an American boxer and World Welterweight Champion. Born to Sicilian immigrants from Sciacca (AG), Vincent and Giacomina, DeMarco grew up in the North End neighborh ...
, American dancer (d.
1965
Events January–February
* January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years.
* January 20
** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
)
**
Binay Ranjan Sen
Binay Ranjan Sen, CIE, ICS (1 January 1898, Dibrugarh, India - 12 June 1993, Calcutta, India), was an Indian diplomat and Indian Civil Service officer. He served as Director General (1956â1967) of the UN's Food and Agriculture Organizatio ...
, Indian diplomat, 4th Director General of the
Food and Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)french: link=no, Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; it, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura is an intern ...
(FAO) (d.
1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the IsraeliâPalestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
)
*
January 3
Events Pre-1600
*AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor.
* 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
–
John Loder, British actor (d.
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
)
*
January 7
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting.
* 1325 – Alfonso IV ...
–
Art Baker, American actor (d.
1966
Events January
* January 1 â In a coup, Colonel Jean-BĂ©del Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko.
* January 3 â 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'Ă©tat: President Maurice YamĂ©ogo i ...
)
*
January 9
Events Pre-1600
* 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain.
*1127 – JinâSong Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...
–
Gracie Fields
Dame Gracie Fields (born Grace Stansfield; 9 January 189827 September 1979) was an English actress, singer, comedian and star of cinema and music hall who was one of the top ten film stars in Britain during the 1930s and was considered the h ...
, British singer, actress and comedian (d.
1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
)
*
January 13
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years.
* 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...
–
**
Kaj Munk
Kaj Harald Leininger Munk (commonly called Kaj Munk) (13 January 1898 – 4 January 1944) was a Danish playwright and Lutheranism, Lutheran pastor, known for his cultural engagement and his martyrdom during the Occupation of Denmark of World ...
, Danish playwright,
Lutheran
Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched th ...
pastor
A pastor (abbreviated as "Pr" or "Ptr" , or "Ps" ) is the leader of a Christian congregation who also gives advice and counsel to people from the community or congregation. In Lutheranism, Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy and ...
and martyr (d.
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
)
**
Samsa, Indian playwright, poet and novelist (d.
1939
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1
** Third Reich
*** Jews are forbidden to ...
)
*
January 16
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.
* 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...
**
Margaret Booth
Margaret Booth (January 16, 1898 â October 28, 2002) was an American film editor.
Early life and career
Born in Los Angeles, she started her Hollywood career as a "patcher", editing films by D. W. Griffith, around 1915. Her brother was acto ...
, American film editor (d.
2002
File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...
)
**
Irving Rapper
Irving Rapper (16 January 1898 â 20 December 1999) was a British-born American film director.
Biography
Born to a British Jews, Jewish family , English-born American director (d.
1999
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 Ä°zmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...
)
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
–
Margaret Irving
Margaret Irving (January 18, 1898 â March 5, 1988) was an American stage and film actress.
Biography
Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1898, Irving is best remembered today for her roles as Aunt Gus in the 1950s sitcom '' The People's Choic ...
, American actress (d.
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
)
*
January 20
Events Pre-1600
* 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution.
* 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom.
* 1156 &ndas ...
**
John George, Ottoman-born American actor (d.
1968
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 â "Prague Spring": Alexander DubÄek is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
* Januar ...
)
**
Tudor Owen, Welsh-American actor (d.
1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
)
**
Norma Varden
Norma Varden Shackleton (20 January 1898 – 19 January 1989), known professionally as Norma Varden, was an English-American actress with a long film career.
Life and career Early life
Born in London, the daughter of a retired sea captain ...
, British-born American actress (d.
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
)
*
January 21
Events Pre-1600
* 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
* 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Co ...
**
Rudolph Maté
Rudolph MatĂ© (born Rudolf Mayer; 21 January 1898 â 27 October 1964) was a Polish-Hungarian-American cinematographer, film director and film producer who worked as cameraman and cinematographer in Hungary, Austria, Germany, France and the Unite ...
, Polish-born American cinematographer, film director (d.
1964
Events January
* January 1 â The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved.
* January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch ...
)
** Shah
Ahmad Shah Qajar
Ahmad Shah Qajar ( fa, ۧŰÙ
ŰŻ ŰŽŰ§Ù Ùۧۏۧ۱; 21 January 1898 â 21 February 1930) was Shah of Persia (Iran) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.
Ahmad Shah was born in Tabriz on 21 Janu ...
of Persia (d.
1930
Events
January
* January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...
)
*
January 22
Events Pre-1600
* 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople.
* 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Ăthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...
**
Sergei Eisenstein
Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (russian: ĐĄĐ”ŃгДĐč ĐĐžŃ
Đ°ĐčĐ»ĐŸĐČĐžŃ ĐĐčĐ·Đ”ĐœŃŃĐ”ĐčĐœ, p=sÊČÉȘrËÉĄÊČej mÊČÉȘËxajlÉvÊČÉȘtÉ ÉȘjzÊČÉȘnËÊtÊČejn, 2=Sergey Mikhaylovich Eyzenshteyn; 11 February 1948) was a Soviet film director, screenw ...
, Russian and Soviet film director (d.
1948
Events January
* January 1
** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated.
** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect.
** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
)
**
Elazar Shach
Elazar Menachem Man Shach ( he, ŚŚŚąŚŚš ŚŚ ŚŚ ŚŚ Ś©Ś, Elazar Shach; January 1, 1899 O.S. â November 2, 2001) was a prominent ultra-Orthodox rabbi, heading the non-Hasidic ''Litvak'' Orthodox from the early 1970s until his death. He ...
, Lithuanian-born Israeli Haredi rabbi (d.
2001
The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a Participants in ...
)
* January 23
** Randolph Scott, American film actor (d. 1987)
* January 24 – Karl Hermann Frank, German Nazi official, war criminal (d. 1946)
* January 25 – Hymie Weiss, American gangster (d. 1926)
* January 26 – Katarzyna Kobro, Polish sculptor (d. 1951)
* February 1 – Leila Denmark, American pediatrician, supercentenarian (d. 2012)
* February 2 – William "Billy" Costello, American voice actor, the original voice of Popeye (d. 1971)
* February 3 – Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect (d. 1976)
* February 5
** Sidney Fields, American actor (d. 1975)
** DenjirĆ ĆkĆchi, Japanese actor (d. 1962)
* February 10
** Bertolt Brecht, German writer (d. 1956)
** Robert Keith (actor), Robert Keith, American actor (d.
1966
Events January
* January 1 â In a coup, Colonel Jean-BĂ©del Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko.
* January 3 â 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'Ă©tat: President Maurice YamĂ©ogo i ...
)
** Joseph Kessel, French journalist, author (d.
1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
)
* February 11
** Henry de La Falaise, French film director, Croix de guerre 1914â1918 (France), Croix de guerre recipient (d. 1972)
** LeĂł SzilĂĄrd, Hungarian-American physicist (d.
1964
Events January
* January 1 â The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved.
* January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch ...
)
*
February 12
Events Pre-1600
*1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the HeiligenâGeist Spital in Vienna.
*1429 – English forces under ...
** Wallace Ford, British actor (d.
1966
Events January
* January 1 â In a coup, Colonel Jean-BĂ©del Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko.
* January 3 â 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'Ă©tat: President Maurice YamĂ©ogo i ...
)
** Roy Harris, American composer (d.
1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
)
** Audrey Jeffers, Trinidadian social worker, politician (d.
1968
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 â "Prague Spring": Alexander DubÄek is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
* Januar ...
)
** Blue Washington, American actor, Negro league baseball player (d. 1970)
* February 14
**Eva Novak, American actress (d.
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
)
** RaĂșl Scalabrini Ortiz, Argentine writer, journalist, essayist and poet (d. 1959)
** Fritz Zwicky, Swiss physicist, astronomer (d. 1974)
*
February 15
Events Pre-1600
* 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus
* 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.
* 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
** Bud Geary, American actor (d. 1946)
** TotĂČ, Italian comedian, actor, poet, and songwriter (d. 1967)
** Allen Woodring, American runner (d. 1982)
* February 18
** Enzo Ferrari, Italian race car driver, automobile manufacturer (d.
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
)
** Luis Muñoz MarĂn, Puerto Rican poet, journalist and politician (d. 1980)
* February 20 – Semyon Davidovich Kirlian, Russian inventor (d. 1978)
* February 25 – William Astbury, English physicist, molecular biologist (d. 1961)
* February 24 – Kurt Tank, German aeronautical engineer (d. 1983)
* February 27 – Otto Hulett, American actor (d. 1983)
* February 28
**Hugh O'Flaherty, Irish Catholic priest (d. 1963)
**Molly Picon, American actress, lyricist (d. 1992)
* March 3 – Emil Artin, Austrian mathematician (d. 1962)
* March 4 – Georges DumĂ©zil, French philologist (d. 1986)
* March 5
** Misao Okawa, Japanese supercentenarian (d. 2015)
** Zhou Enlai, Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 1976)
** Soong Mei-ling, First Lady of China (d. 2003)
* March 6 – Therese Giehse, German actress (d. 1975)
* March 8 – Eben Dönges, acting Prime Minister of South Africa and elected President of South Africa (d.
1968
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 â "Prague Spring": Alexander DubÄek is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
* Januar ...
)
* March 10 – Cy Kendall, American actor (d. 1953)
* March 11 – Dorothy Gish, American actress (d.
1968
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 â "Prague Spring": Alexander DubÄek is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
* Januar ...
)
* March 13 – Henry Hathaway, American film director, producer (d. 1985)
*
March 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1074 – Battle of MogyorĂłd: Dukes GĂ©za and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
* 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...
– Arnold Chikobava, Georgian linguist (d. 1985)
* March 15 – Gardner Dow, American college football player (d. 1919)
* March 21 – Paul Alfred Weiss, Austrian biologist (d.
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
)
* March 23
** Erich Bey, German admiral (d. 1943)
** Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset, Duchess of Parma (d. 1984)
* March 25 – Marcelle Narbonne, French supercentenarian, oldest European living person (d. 2012)
* March 30 – Joyce Carey, English actress (d.
1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the IsraeliâPalestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
)
* March 31 – Hermann van Pels, German-Dutch father of Peter van Pels, housemate of Anne Frank (d.
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
)
April–June
![Jacobus Johannes Fouché 1968](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Jacobus_Johannes_Fouch%C3%A9_1968.jpg)
* April 1 – William James Sidis, American mathematician (d.
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
)
* April 2 – Harindranath Chattopadhyay, Indian poet, actor and politician (d. 1990)
* April 3 – George Jessel (actor), George Jessel, American comedian (d. 1981)
* April 4 – Agnes Ayres, American actress (d. 1940)
* April 6 – Jeanne HĂ©buterne, French painter (d. 1920)
* April 9 – Paul Robeson, African-American actor, singer and political activist (d. 1976)
* April 12 – Lily Pons, French-American opera singer, actress (d. 1976)
* April 14 – Lee Tracy, American actor (d.
1968
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 â "Prague Spring": Alexander DubÄek is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
* Januar ...
)
* April 15 – Marian Driscoll Jordan, American actress (d. 1961)
* April 19 – Constance Talmadge, American actress (d. 1973)
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601â1900
* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
* 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
– Sidney Lanfield, American film director (d. 1972)
*
April 21
Events Pre-1600
*753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date).
* 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...
– Walter Forde, British actor, screenwriter and film director (d. 1984)
*
April 23
Events Pre-1600
* 215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene.
* 599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southe ...
– Ernest Laszlo, Hungarian-American cinematographer (d. 1984)
*
April 26
Events Pre-1600
*1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.
* 1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe.
* 14 ...
** Vicente Aleixandre, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984)
** John Grierson, Scottish documentary filmmaker (d. 1972)
** Tomu Uchida, Japanese film director (d. 1970)
*
May 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
* 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
* 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...
– Henry Hall (bandleader), Henry Hall, British bandleader (d.
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
)
* May 3
** Golda Meir, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1978)
** Septima Poinsette Clark, American educator and civil rights activist (d. 1987)
* May 5
** Elsie Eaves, American civil engineer (d. 1983)
** Blind Willie McTell, American singer (d. 1959)
** Hans Heinrich von Twardowski, German actor (d. 1958)
* May 6 – Konrad Henlein, Sudeten German Nazi leader (d. 1945)
* May 13
** Hisamuddin of Selangor, King of Malaysia (d. 1960)
** Justin Tuveri, Italian World War I veteran (d. 2007)
* May 14
** Hastings Banda, 1st President of Malawi (d. 1997)
** Betty Farrington, American actress (d.
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
)
* May 15 – Arletty, French model, actress (d. 1992)
* May 16
** Tamara de Lempicka, Polish Art Deco painter (d. 1980)
** Kenji Mizoguchi, Japanese film director (d. 1956)
* May 17
** Anagarika Govinda, German buddhist lama (d. 1985)
** Alfred Joseph Casson, Canadian painter (d. 1992)
* May 19 – Julius Evola, Italian philosopher (d. 1974)
* May 21 – Armand Hammer, American entrepreneur, art collector (d. 1990)
* May 23
** Frank McHugh, American actor (d. 1981)
** Scott O'Dell, American author (d.
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
)
* May 24 – Helen B. Taussig, American cardiologist (d. 1986)
* May 25 – Bennett Cerf, American publisher (d. 1971)
*
May 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
* 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
* 1153 &ndash ...
– Lee Garmes, American cinematographer (d. 1978)
* May 31
** Ernest Haller, American cinematographer (d. 1974)
** Dr. Norman Vincent Peale, American clergyman (d.
1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the IsraeliâPalestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
)
* June 3 – Stuart H. Ingersoll, American admiral (d. 1983)
* June 4 – Harry Crosby, American publisher, poet (d. 1929)
* June 5
** Federico GarcĂa Lorca, Spanish poet, playwright (d. 1936)
** Guy La Chambre, French politician (d. 1975)
* June 6
** Walter Abel, American actor (d. 1987)
** Ninette de Valois, Irish dancer, founder of The Royal Ballet, London (d.
2001
The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a Participants in ...
)
** Jim Fouché, 5th President of South Africa (d. 1980)
*
June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ćtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
** Michel Hollard, French Resistance hero (d.
1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the IsraeliâPalestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
)
** Virginia Valli, American film actress (d.
1968
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 â "Prague Spring": Alexander DubÄek is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
* Januar ...
)
*
June 11
Events Pre-1600
* 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
– Lionel Penrose, English geneticist (d. 1972)
*
June 12
Events Pre-1600
* 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
* 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...
– Charley Foy, American actor (d. 1984)
* June 17
** M. C. Escher, Dutch artist (d. 1972)
** Harry Patch, British World War I soldier, the last Tommy Atkins, Tommy (d. 2009)
* June 18
** Carleton Hobbs, English actor who played Sherlock Holmes for two decades (d. 1978)
** Dink Trout, American actor (d. 1950)
* June 22
** Weeratunge Edward Perera, Malaysian educator, businessman and social entrepreneur (d. 1982)
** Erich Maria Remarque, German writer (d. 1970)
* June 23 – Lillian Hall-Davis, English actress (d. 1933)
* June 25 – Buddy Roosevelt, American actor, stunt performer (d. 1973)
* June 26
** Sa`id Al-Mufti, 3-time prime minister of Jordan (d.
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
)
** Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer, manufacturer (d. 1978)
*
June 28
Events Pre-1600
* 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch.
* 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
* 1461 – ...
– Louis King, American film director (d. 1962)
* June 30
** George Chandler, American actor (d. 1985)
** Alfredo Duhalde, Chilean politician (d. 1985)
July–September
![George Gershwin 1937](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/George_Gershwin_1937.jpg)
*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
– Charles Hartmann, American jazz trombonist (d. 1982)
* July 2
** George J. Folsey, American cinematographer (d.
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
)
** Anthony McAuliffe, American general (d. 1975)
*
July 3
Events Pre-1600
* 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
* 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revol ...
** Donald Healey, English motor engineer, race car driver (d.
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
)
** Stefanos Stefanopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1982)
*
July 4
Events Pre-1600
* 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...
** Gertrude Weaver, American supercentenarian, last surviving person born in 1898 (d. 2015)
** Gulzarilal Nanda, Indian politician, economist (d. 1998)
** Gertrude Lawrence, English actress, singer (d. 1952)
** Johnny Lee (actor), Johnny Lee, American singer, dancer, and actor (d.
1965
Events January–February
* January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years.
* January 20
** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
)
* July 5 – Richard P. Condie, American conductor of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir (d. 1985)
* July 6
** Bill Amos, American college football player, coach (d. 1987)
** Hanns Eisler, German composer (d. 1962)
*
July 7
Events Pre-1600
* 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks.
* 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution.
* 1520 – Spanish ''conquistado ...
** List of Portuguese supercentenarians#Maria Nunes da Silva, Maria Nunes da Silva, Portuguese supercentenarian (d. 2011)
** Teresa Hsu Chih, Chinese-born Singaporean social worker, supercentenarian (d. 2011)
** Arnold Horween, American Harvard Crimson, NFL football player (d. 1985)
** Hugh Llewellyn Keenleyside, Canadian university professor, diplomat, and civil servant (d. 1992)
*
July 9
Events Pre-1600
*118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome.
* 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
** Gerard Walschap, Belgian writer (d.
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
)
** Al Bedner, American football player (d.
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
)
* July 10 – Theodore Miller Edison, American businessman, inventor, and environmentalist (d. 1992)
* July 13 – Ivan Triesault, Estonian-born American actor (d. 1980)
* July 14
** David Horne (actor), David Horne, English actor (d. 1970)
** John Twist, American screenwriter (d. 1976)
** Happy Chandler, American politician (d. 1991)
** Youssef Wahbi, Egyptian actor, film director (d. 1982)
* July 15
** Howard Graham (Canadian Army officer), Howard Graham, Canadian Army Officer (d. 1986)
** Erik Wilén, Finnish sprinter (d. 1982)
*
July 17
Events Pre-1600
* 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
* 1048 – Damas ...
** Osmond Borradaile, Canadian cameraman, cinematographer and veteran of the First and Second World Wars (d.
1999
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 Ä°zmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...
)
** Berenice Abbott, American photographer (d. 1991)
** George Robert Vincent, American sound recording pioneer (d. 1985)
** Benito DĂaz, Spanish football manager, player (d. 1990)
*
July 18
Events Pre-1600
* 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the RomanâEtruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
* 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...
– John Stuart (actor), John Stuart, Scottish actor (d.
1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
)
* July 19 – Gustavo Machado Morales, Venezuelan politician and journalist (d. 1983)
* July 21 – Sara Carter, American country music singer, musician, and songwriter (d.
1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
)
* July 22
** Stephen Vincent Benét, American writer (d. 1943)
** Alexander Calder, American artist (d. 1976)
* July 23 – Walter L. Morgan, American banker (d. 1998)
*
July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
– Arthur Lubin, American film director (d. 1995)
* July 28 – Lawrence Gray, American actor (d. 1970)
* July 29 – Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
)
* July 30 – Henry Moore, English sculptor (d. 1986)
* July 31 – Ken Harris, American animator (d. 1982)
* August 2 – Glenn Tryon, American actor, screenwriter, and film director (d. 1970)
* August 5
**Lewis R. Foster, American film director, screenwriter (d. 1974)
**Kumbakonam Rajamanickam Pillai, Indian Tamil Carnatic music violinist (d. 1970)
* August 11 – Peter Mohr Dam, 2-time prime minister of the Faroe Islands (d.
1968
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 â "Prague Spring": Alexander DubÄek is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
* Januar ...
)
*
August 12
Events Pre-1600
* 1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade.
* 1121 – Ba ...
** Kenneth Hawks, American film director (d.
1930
Events
January
* January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...
)
** Maria Klenova, Russian marine geologist (d. 1976)
** Oskar Homolka, Austrian actor (d. 1978)
*
August 13
Events Pre-1600
* 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.
* 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas.
* 554 – Em ...
** Mohamad Noah Omar, Malaysian politician (d. 1991)
** Regis Toomey, American actor (d. 1991)
* August 15 – Jan Brzechwa, Polish poet (d.
1966
Events January
* January 1 â In a coup, Colonel Jean-BĂ©del Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko.
* January 3 â 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'Ă©tat: President Maurice YamĂ©ogo i ...
)
* August 17 – Dewey Robinson, American actor (d. 1950)
* August 18
** Lance Sharkey, Australian Communist Leader (d. 1967)
** Tsola Dragoycheva, Bulgarian politician (d.
1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the IsraeliâPalestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
)
* August 19 – Eleanor Boardman, American actress (d. 1991)
*
August 20
Events Pre-1600
*AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile.
* 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arabs, Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take c ...
** Leopold Infeld, Polish physicist (d.
1968
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 â "Prague Spring": Alexander DubÄek is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
* Januar ...
)
** Vilhelm Moberg, Swedish novelist, historian (d. 1973)
*
August 21
Events Pre-1600
* 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of LiĂšge.
* 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the JinâSong Wars.
*1169 – Battle o ...
– Herbert Mundin, English actor (d.
1939
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1
** Third Reich
*** Jews are forbidden to ...
)
*
August 23
Events Pre-1600
*30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Caesar ...
– W. E. Butler, British occultist (d. 1978)
*
August 25
Events Pre-1600
* 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...
– Van Nest Polglase, American art director, design department head at RKO Pictures (d.
1968
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 â "Prague Spring": Alexander DubÄek is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
* Januar ...
)
* August 26 – Peggy Guggenheim, American art collector (d.
1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
)
* August 27 – John Hamilton (gangster), John Hamilton, Canadian criminal, bank robber (d. 1934)
* August 29 – Preston Sturges, American director, writer (d. 1959)
* August 30 – Shirley Booth, American actress (d. 1992)
* September 1
** Violet Carson, British actress (d. 1983)
** Marilyn Miller, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1936)
*
September 2
Events
Pre-1600
*44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
* 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them ...
** Alfons Gorbach, 15th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1972)
** Arthur Young (actor), Arthur Young, English actor (d. 1959)
* September 8 – Queenie Smith, American actress (d. 1978)
*
September 10
Events Pre-1600
* 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
*1419 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France.
* 1509 – An eart ...
** George Eldredge, American actor (d. 1977)
** Bessie Love, American actress (d. 1986)
* September 13
** Roger DĂ©sormiĂšre, French conductor (d. 1963)
** Emilio NĂșñez Portuondo, Cuban diplomat, lawyer and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Cuba (d. 1978)
* September 16 – Baruch Lumet, Polish-born American actor (d. 1992)
* September 19 – Giuseppe Saragat, President of Italy (d.
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
)
* September 22 – Katharine Alexander, American actress (d. 1981)
* September 24 – Howard Florey, Australian-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1968
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 â "Prague Spring": Alexander DubÄek is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
* Januar ...
)
* September 25 – Robert Brackman, American artist (d. 1980)
* September 26 – George Gershwin, American composer (d. 1937)
* September 29 – Trofim Lysenko, Russian biologist (d. 1976)
* September 30
** Renée Adorée, French actress (d. 1933)
** Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois, Princess Charlotte of Monaco (d. 1977)
October–December
![Baby Dodds (Gottlieb 02051)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Baby_Dodds_%28Gottlieb_02051%29.jpg)
*
October 3
Events Pre-1600
* 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (íì
) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day.
* 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...
– Morgan Farley, American actor (d.
1988
File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
)
*
October 6
Events Pre-1600
* 105 BC – Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio accelerates the Marian reforms of the Roman army of the mid-Republic.
*69 BC – Third Mithridatic War: The military of the Roman Republic subdue Armenia.
*AD ...
** Arthur G. Jones-Williams, British aviator (d. 1929)
** Mitchell Leisen, American film director (d. 1972)
** Clarence Williams (musician), Clarence Williams, American jazz pianist, composer (d.
1965
Events January–February
* January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years.
* January 20
** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
) (some sources give his year of birth as 1893)
* October 7 – Joe Giard, American baseball player (d. 1956)
* October 10
** Lilly Daché, French milliner (d.
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
)
** Marie-Pierre KĆnig, French general, politician (d. 1970)
*
October 15
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ătheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later.
* 1211 ...
– Boughera El Ouafi, Algerian athlete (d. 1959)
* October 16 – William O. Douglas, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1980)
* October 17 – Shinichi Suzuki (violinist), Shinichi Suzuki, Japanese musician, educator (d. 1998)
* October 18
** George Curzon (actor), George Curzon, English actor (d. 1976)
** Lotte Lenya, Austrian actress, singer (d. 1981)
* October 20 – Sergi Jikia, Georgian historian and orientalist (d.
1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the IsraeliâPalestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
)
* October 22 – DĂĄmaso Alonso, Spanish poet (d. 1990)
* October 28 – Abdul Khalek Hassouna, Egyptian diplomat, 2nd Secretary-General of the Arab League (d. 1992)
* November 1 – Philip Ray, British actor (d. 1978)
* November 4 – Joe Dougherty, first voice of Porky Pig (d. 1978)
* November 11 – RenĂ© Clair, French filmmaker, novelist, and non-fiction writer (d. 1981)
* November 12 – Leon Ć tukelj, Slovene gymnast (d.
1999
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 Ä°zmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...
)
* November 14 – Benjamin Fondane (nĂ©e Wechsler), Romanian-French Symbolist poet, critic and existentialist philosopher (d.
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
)
* November 17
** Colleen Clifford, Australian actress (d. 1996)
** Maurice Journeau, French composer (d.
1999
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 Ä°zmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...
)
* November 18
** Joris Ivens, Dutch director (d.
1989
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
)
** Andrés Soler, Mexican actor (d. 1969)
* November 19 – Arthur R. von Hippel, German-born physicist (d. 2003)
* November 21 – RenĂ© Magritte, Belgian artist (d. 1967)
* November 22 – Gabriel GonzĂĄlez Videla, Chilean politician (d. 1980)
* November 23 – Bess Flowers, American actress (d. 1984)
* November 24 – Liu Shaoqi, President of the People's Republic of China (d. 1969)
* November 25 – Debaki Bose, Indian actor, director and writer (d. 1971)
*
November 26
Events Pre-1600
* 783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her king from retaking the throne from Mauregatus.
*1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynasty ...
– Karl Ziegler, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
* November 29
** Rod La Rocque, American actor (d. 1969)
** C. S. Lewis, British author (d. 1963)
* November 30 – Firpo Marberry, American baseball pitcher (d. 1976)
* December 2 – Indra Lal Roy, Indian World War I pilot (d. 1918)
* December 3 – Monte Collins, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1951)
* December 5 – Grace Moore, American opera singer, actress (d. 1947)
* December 6
** Alfred Eisenstaedt, American photojournalist (d. 1995)
** Gunnar Myrdal, Swedish sociologist, economist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
*
December 9
Events Pre-1600
* 536 – Gothic War: The Byzantine general Belisarius enters Rome unopposed; the Gothic garrison flees the capital.
* 730 – Battle of Marj Ardabil: The Khazars annihilate an Umayyad army and kill its commander, al- ...
** Emmett Kelly, American circus clown (d.
1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
)
** Clarine Seymour, American actress (d. 1920)
* December 11
** Benno Mengele, Austrian electrical engineer (d. 1971)
** Taro Shoji, Japanese singer (d. 1972)
* December 14 – Lillian Randolph, American actress, singer (d. 1980)
* December 19 – Zheng Zhenduo, Chinese author, translator (d. 1958)
* December 20 – Irene Dunne, American actress (d. 1990)
* December 24 – Baby Dodds, American jazz drummer (d. 1959)
* December 27
** Hilda Vaughn, American actress (d. 1957)
** Inejiro Asanuma, Japanese politician (d. 1960)
* December 28 – Shigematsu Sakaibara, Japanese admiral and war criminal (d. 1947)
*
December 29
Events Pre-1600
*1170 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II; he subsequently becomes a saint and martyr in the Anglican Communion and the Catholic Church.
...
– Randi Anda, Norwegian politician (d.
1999
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 Ä°zmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...
)
* December 30
**Umm Kulthum, Egyptian singer and actress (d. 1975)
**Claire Huchet Bishop, author of ''The Five Chinese Brothers'' (with illustrator Kurt Wiese) and ''The Man Who Lost His Head'' (with illustrator Robert McCloskey) (d.
1993
File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the IsraeliâPalestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
)
*
December 31
It is known by a collection of names including: Saint Sylvester's Day, New Year's Eve or Old Years Day/Night, as the following day is New Year's Day. It is the last day of the year; the following day is January 1, the first day of the followin ...
– IstvĂĄn Dobi, Hungarian leader (d.
1968
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 â "Prague Spring": Alexander DubÄek is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
* Januar ...
)
Date unknown
* I. K. Taimni, Indian chemist (d. 1978)
* William Wardsworth, Liberian politician (d. 1977)
Deaths
January–June
![MatildaJoslynGage](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/MatildaJoslynGage.jpeg)
*
January 3
Events Pre-1600
*AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor.
* 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
– Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Confederate States Army, Confederate brigadier general, Texas governor, and president of Texas A&M University (b. 1838)
* January 14 – Lewis Carroll, British writer, mathematician (''Alice in Wonderland'') (b. 1832)
*
January 16
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.
* 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...
– Charles Pelham Villiers, longest-serving MP in the British House of Commons (b. 1802)
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
– Henry Liddell, English Dean of Christ Church, Oxford (b. 1811)
* January 26 – Cornelia J. M. Jordan, American lyricist (b. 1830)
* February 1 – Tsuboi KĆzĆ, Japanese admiral (b. 1843)
* February 6 – Abdul Samad of Selangor, Malaysian ruler, 4th Sultan of Selangor (b. 1804)
* February 16 – Thomas Bracken, author of the official national anthem of New Zealand (''God Defend New Zealand'') (b. 1843)
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
– George Bruce Malleson, Indian officer, author (b. 1825)
* March 6 – Andrei Alexandrovich Popov, Russian admiral (b. 1821)
* March 10
** Marie-Eugénie de Jésus, French religious (b. 1817)
** George MĂŒller, Prussian evangelist, founder of the New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, Bristol, Ashley Down orphanage (b. 1805)
* March 11 – William Rosecrans, California congressman, Register of the Treasury, Register of the U.S. Treasury (b. 1819)
* March 15 – Henry Bessemer, Sir Henry Bessemer, British engineer, inventor (b. 1813)
*
March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.
*1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
– Aubrey Beardsley, British artist (b. 1872)
* March 18 – Matilda Joslyn Gage, American feminist (b. 1826)
* March 27 – Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Indian university founder (b. 1817)
* March 28 – Anton Seidl, Hungarian conductor (b. 1850)
* April 13 – Aurilla Furber, American author (b. 1847)
* April 15 – Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui, Maori military leader
* April 18 – Gustave Moreau, French painter (b. 1826)
*
April 29
Events Pre-1600
*1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
* 1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and beco ...
– Mary Towne Burt, American benefactor (b. 1842)
* May 19 – William Ewart Gladstone, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1809)
* May 22 – Edward Bellamy, American author (b. 1850)
* May 29 – Theodor Eimer, German zoologist (b. 1843)
* June 4 – Rosalie Olivecrona, Swedish feminist activist (b. 1823)
*
June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ćtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
–
Tuone Udaina
Tuone Udaina (1823 – 10 June 1898; Antonio Udina in Italian) was the last person to have any active knowledge of the Dalmatian language, a Romance language that had evolved from Latin along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. He was ...
, Croatian-Italian last speaker of the
Dalmatian language
Dalmatian () or Dalmatic (; dlm, langa dalmata, link=no or simply ; it, lingua dalmatica, dalmatico; sh, dalmatski) was a Romance language that was spoken in the Dalmatia region of present-day Croatia, and as far south as Kotor in Monteneg ...
(b. 1821)
* June 14 – Dewitt Clinton Senter, American politician, 18th Governor of Tennessee (b. 1830)
* June 25 – Ferdinand Cohn, German biologist, bacteriologist and microbiologist (b. 1828)
July–December
![Charbel](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Charbel.jpg)
*
July 1
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
* 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
**Siegfried Marcus, Austrian automobile pioneer (b. 1831)
**JoaquĂn Vara de Rey y Rubio, Spanish general (killed in action) (b. 1841)
* July 5 – Richard Pankhurst, English lawyer, radical and supporter of women's rights (b. 1834)
* July 8 – Soapy Smith, American con artist and gangster (b. 1860)
* July 14 – Louis-François Richer LaflĂšche, Roman Catholic Bishop of Trois-RiviĂšres, Native American missionary (b. 1818)
* July 30 – Otto von Bismarck, German statesman (b. 1815)
* August 8 – EugĂšne Boudin, French painter (b. 1824)
* August 11 – Sophia Braeunlich, American business manager (b. 1854)
*
September 2
Events
Pre-1600
*44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
* 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them ...
– Wilford Woodruff, fourth president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1807)
* September 5 – Sarah Emma Edmonds, Canadian nurse, spy (b. 1841)
* September 9 – StĂ©phane MallarmĂ©, French poet (b. 1842)
*
September 10
Events Pre-1600
* 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
*1419 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France.
* 1509 – An eart ...
–
Empress Elisabeth of Austria
Duchess Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie in Bavaria (24 December 1837 â 10 September 1898) was Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary from her marriage to Emperor Franz Joseph I on 24 April 1854 until her assassination in 1898.
Elisabeth was ...
, empress consort of Austria, queen consort of Hungary (assassinated) (b. 1837)
* September 16 – RamĂłn Emeterio Betances, Puerto Rican politician, medical doctor and diplomat (b. 1827)
* September 19 – George Grey, Sir George Grey, 11th Premier of New Zealand (b. 1812)
* September 20 – Theodor Fontane, German writer (b. 1819)
* September 26 – Fanny Davenport, American actress (b. 1850)
* September 28 – Tan Sitong, Chinese revolutionary (executed) (b. 1865)
* September 29 – Louise of Hesse-Kassel, German princess, queen consort of Christian IX of Denmark (b. 1817)
* October 24 – Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, French painter (b. 1824)
* November 2 – George Goyder, surveyor-general of South Australia (b. 1826)
* November 20 – Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet, Sir John Fowler, British people, British civil engineer (b. 1817)
* December 24 – Charbel Makhluf, Lebanese Maronite, Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic monk, priest and saint (b. 1828)
* December 25 – Laura Gundersen, Norwegian actress (b. 1832)
Date unknown
* Sotirios Sotiropoulos, Greek economist, politician (b. 1831)
References
Sources
* Morro Castle (Havana), Morro Castle (fortress) downloadable videos. ( needs Flash)
* view of USS Indiana (BB-1) (needs Flash)
* (needs Flash)
* view of 10th Infantry Regiment (United States)#2nd Battalion, 10th U.S. Infantry, 2nd Battalion (needs Flash)
* view of Tampa, Florida (needs Flash)
* view of Tampa, Florida (needs Flash)
* (needs Flash)
* (needs Flash)
* (needs Flash)
* view of DaiquirĂ after the United States invasion of Cuba in the
SpanishâAmerican War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
(needs Flash)
* view of William Rufus Shafter, Major General Shafter (needs Flash)
* view of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago (needs Flash)
{{DEFAULTSORT:1898
1898,