1892 Liverpool Everton By-election on:
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The 1892 Liverpool Everton by-election was a parliamentary
The vacancy was caused by the death on 14 January of the
The Executive Committee of the Everton Conservatives met on 22 January to consider their choice of candidate for the by-election. They decided that three names should be proposed to a meeting of the party's Divisional Council: former Liverpool MP Lord Claud Hamilton, Councillor
by-election
A by-election, also known as a special election in the United States and the Philippines, a bye-election in Ireland, a bypoll in India, or a Zimni election (Urdu: ضمنی انتخاب, supplementary election) in Pakistan, is an election used to f ...
held in England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
on 15 February 1892 for the House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. T ...
constituency of Liverpool Everton.
Vacancy
The vacancy was caused by the death on 14 January of the Conservative
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...
Member of Parliament
A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members o ...
(MP) Edward Whitley.
The 67-year-old Whitley was a former Mayor of Liverpool
The mayor of Liverpool is the executive mayor of the city of Liverpool in England. The incumbent mayor is Joanne Anderson, who was elected in May 2021.
The mayor of Liverpool was previously branded 'the most powerful politician in England outs ...
who had held the seat since its creation at the 1885 general election, and had previously been one of the three MPs for Liverpool
Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a populat ...
from 1880 to 1885.
Candidates
The Executive Committee of the Everton Conservatives met on 22 January to consider their choice of candidate for the by-election. They decided that three names should be proposed to a meeting of the party's Divisional Council: former Liverpool MP Lord Claud Hamilton, Councillor John Houlding
John Houlding ( – 17 March 1902) was an English businessman, most notable for being Lord Mayor of Liverpool, and the founder of Liverpool Football Club. In November 2018, Houlding was commemorated with a bronze bust outside Anfield to mark th ...
, and former Birkenhead MP David MacIver
David MacIver (24 August 1840 – 1 September 1907) was an English steam ship owner and a Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1874 and 1907.
MacIver was the eldest son of Charles MacIver of Calderstone ...
.
However, at the council meeting on 26 January Houlding declined the invitation to stand, and no other names were formally put to the meeting.
The Divisional Council met again on 2 February, with Houlding in the chair. Two names were proposed: MacIver, and the journalist John A. Willox
Sir John Archibald Willox (9 June 1842 – 9 June 1905) was a British journalist, newspaper owner and Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party politician from Liverpool. He rose through the ranks to become the owner of the ''Liverpool Courier ...
. The meeting unanimously chose Willox, the owner of Cope Brothers tobacco merchants (based in Liverpool and London), and also the owner and editor of the '' Liverpool Courier'' newspaper.
The Liberal Party
The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left.
__TOC__ Active liberal parties
This is a li ...
had intended to contest the election, and hoped that if the Conservatives had selected the brewer
Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. It may be done in a brewery by a commercial brewer ...
Houlding they would have gained the temperance
Temperance may refer to:
Moderation
*Temperance movement, movement to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed
*Temperance (virtue), habitual moderation in the indulgence of a natural appetite or passion
Culture
*Temperance (group), Canadian danc ...
vote.
However, in the end they did not choose a candidate.
Result
Thewrit
In common law, a writ (Anglo-Saxon ''gewrit'', Latin ''breve'') is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction; in modern usage, this body is generally a court. Warrants, prerogative writs, subpoenas, a ...
was moved in the Commons on 10 February by Aretas Akers-Douglas Aretas Akers-Douglas may refer to:
* Aretas Akers-Douglas, 1st Viscount Chilston (1851–1926), British Conservative politician
* Aretas Akers-Douglas, 2nd Viscount Chilston
Aretas Akers-Douglas, 2nd Viscount Chilston, (17 February 1876 – 25 ...
,
the MP for St Augustine's. 15 February had been selected as the day for nominations, and since Willox was the only candidate nominated, he was returned unopposed, without any need for a vote.
In honour of his election, over 100 journalists from Liverpool presented him with an illuminated
Illuminated may refer to:
* "Illuminated" (song), by Hurts
* Illuminated Film Company, a British animation house
* ''Illuminated'', alternative title of Black Sheep (Nat & Alex Wolff album)
* Illuminated manuscript
See also
* Illuminate (disambi ...
address.
Aftermath
Willox was re-elected with a large majority at the general election in July 1892, and was returned unopposed in1895
Events
January–March
* January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island.
* January 12 – The National Trust for Places of Histor ...
and 1900
As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15), 2 ...
. He was knighted in Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee Honours in 1897.
Sir John held the seat until serious illness
prompted his resignation from Parliament in February 1905 by taking the Chiltern Hundreds
The Chiltern Hundreds is an ancient administrative area in Buckinghamshire, England, composed of three " hundreds" and lying partially within the Chiltern Hills. "Taking the Chiltern Hundreds" refers to one of the legal fictions used to effect ...
, triggering another by-election.
He died in June 1905, on his 63rd birthday.
Votes
See also
* Liverpool Everton constituency * Everton *List of United Kingdom by-elections (1885–1900)
This is a list of parliamentary by-elections in the United Kingdom held between 1885 and 1900, with the names of the previous incumbent and the victor in the by-election and their respective parties. Where seats changed political party at the el ...
References
{{By-elections to the 24th UK Parliament 1892 elections in the United Kingdom Everton, 1892 1892 in England 1890s in Liverpool February 1892 events