Events in the year 1891 in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

Incumbents

Federal government

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

: Marshal

Deodoro da Fonseca Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca (; 5 August 1827 – 23 August 1892) was a Brazilian politician and military officer who served as the first president of Brazil. He was born in Alagoas in a military family, followed a military career, and became a n ...

(''de facto'' until 26 February, ''de jure'' from 26 February to 23 November), Marshal

Floriano Peixoto Floriano Vieira Peixoto ( 30 April 1839 – 29 June 1895), born in Ipioca (today a district of the city of Maceió in the State of Alagoas), nicknamed the "Iron Marshal", was a Brazilian soldier and politician, a veteran of the Paraguay ...

(starting 23 November) *

Vice-President A vice president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on t ...

: Marshal

(''de jure'' from 26 February to 23 November), ''vacant'' from 23 November

Governors

Alagoas Alagoas (, ) is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil and is situated in the eastern part of the Northeast Region. It borders: Pernambuco (N and NW); Sergipe (S); Bahia (SW); and the Atlantic Ocean (E). Its capital is the city of Maceió. It ...

: ** until 12 June: Manuel de Araujo Gois ** 12 June-16: Pedro Paulino de Fonseca ** 16 June-23 November: Manuel de Araujo Gois ** 23 November-28: Provisional Government ** starting 28 November: Manuel Gomes Riberio * Amazonas: ** until 5 May: Eduardo Gonçalves Ribeiro ** 5 May-25 May: Guilherme José Moreira ** 25 May-30 June: Guilherme José Moreira ** 30 June-1 September: Gregório Taumaturgo Azevedo *

Bahia Bahia ( , , ; meaning "bay") is one of the 26 Federative units of Brazil, states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast Region of the country. It is the fourth-largest Brazilian state by population (after São Paulo (sta ...

: José Gonçalves da Silva then Tude Soares Neiva then Leal Ferreira *

Ceará Ceará (, pronounced locally as or ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast. It is the eighth-largest Brazilian State by population and the 17th by area. It is also one of the ...

: ** until 22 January: Luís Antônio Ferraz ** 22 January-6 April: Benjamin Liberato Barroso ** 6 April-28 April: Feliciano Antônio Benjamim ** starting 28 April: José Clarindo de Queirós *

Goiás Goiás () is a Brazilian state located in the Center-West region. Goiás borders the Federal District and the states of (from north clockwise) Tocantins, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. The state capital is Goiânia. ...

: ** until 20 January: Rodolfo Gustavo da Paixão ** 20 January-30 March: Bernardo Albernaz ** 30 March-20 May: João Bonifácio Gomes de Siqueira ** 20 May-18 July: Constâncio Ribeiro da Maia ** 18 July-7 December: Rodolfo Gustavo da Paixão ** starting 7 December: Constâncio Ribeiro da Maia *

Maranhão Maranhão () is a state in Brazil. Located in the country's Northeast Region, it has a population of about 7 million and an area of . Clockwise from north, it borders on the Atlantic Ocean for 2,243 km and the states of Piauí, Tocantins and ...

: *

Mato Grosso Mato Grosso ( – lit. "Thick Bush") is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest by area, located in the Central-West region. The state has 1.66% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for 1.9% of the Brazilian GDP. Neighboring ...

: Antonio Maria Coelho then Frederico Solon de Sampaio Ribeiro then José da Silva Rondon then João Nepomuceno de Medeiros Mallet *

Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literally ...

: ** until 11 February: Chispim Jacques Bias Fortes ** 11 February-17 March: Frederico Augusto Álvares da Silva ** 17 March-16 June: Antônio Augusto de Lima ** 16 June-18 June:

Eduardo Ernesto da Gama Cerqueira Eduardo is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the male given name Edward. Another version is Duarte. It may refer to: Association football * Eduardo Bonvallet, Chilean football player and sports commentator * Eduardo Carvalho, Portuguese football ...

** starting 18 June:

Cesário Alvim José Cesário de Faria Alvim (7 June 1839 – 3 December 1903) was a Brazilian mayor of the Distrito Federal of Rio de Janeiro and Governor of Minas Gerais , the number of governors of Minas Gerais, Brazil, since the Proclamation o ...

Pará Pará is a Federative units of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins (state), Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas (Brazilian state) ...

: ** until 7 February: Justo Chermont ** 7 February-25 March: Gentil Bittencourt ** 25 March-24 June: Huet de Bacelar ** starting 24 June:

Lauro Sodré Lauro is a town and ''comune'' (municipality) in the province of Avellino, Campania, southern Italy. It is located in lower Irpinia, in a woody valley. Sights include the remains of a 1st-century BC Roman ''thermae In ancient Rome, (from ...

Paraíba Paraíba ( Tupi: ''pa'ra a'íba''; ) is a state of Brazil. It is located in the Brazilian Northeast, and it is bordered by Rio Grande do Norte to the north, Ceará to the west, Pernambuco to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Paraíba ...

: Venâncio Neiva (until 27 November), Government Junta (from 27 November) * Paraná:

José Cerqueira de Aguiar Lima José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacul ...

then Generoso Marques dos Santos then Roberto Ferreira Bento/José Lamenha Lins/Joaquim Monteiro de Carvalho e Silva *

Pernambuco Pernambuco () is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9.6 million people as of 2020, making it seventh-most populous state of Brazil and with around 98,148 km², being the 19 ...

: José Antônio Correia da Silva (until 27 November); José Maria de Albuquerque Melo (from 27 November) *

Piauí Piaui (, ) is one of the states of Brazil, located in the country's Northeast Region. The state has 1.6% of the Brazilian population and produces 0.7% of the Brazilian GDP. Piaui has the shortest coastline of any coastal Brazilian state at 66&n ...

: ** until 28 May: Álvaro Moreira de Barros Oliveira Lima ** 28 May-21 December: Gabriel Luís Ferreira ** 21 December-29 December: Francisco Gomes Muniz ** starting 29 December:

Álvaro Lopes Machado Álvaro (, , ) is a Spanish, Galician and Portuguese male given name and surname (see Spanish naming customs) of Visigothic origin. Some claim it may be related to the Old Norse name Alfarr, formed of the elements ''alf'' "elf" and ''arr'' "warrior ...

Rio Grande do Norte Rio Grande do Norte (, , ) is one of the states of Brazil. It is located in the northeastern region of the country, forming the northeasternmost tip of the South American continent. The name literally translates as "Great Northern River", ref ...

: ** until 2 March: Castro and Manuel do Nascimento Silva ** 2 March-13 June: Amintas Francisco da Costa Barros ** 13 June-6 August: José Inácio Fernandes Barros ** 6 August-9 September:

Francisco Gurgel de Oliveira Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''. Nicknames In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed "Paco (name), Paco". Francis of Assisi, San Francisco de Asís was known as '' ...

** 9 September-28 November: Miguel Joaquim de Almeida Castro ** starting 12 November: Government Junta *

Rio Grande do Sul Rio Grande do Sul (, , ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative_units_of_Brazil#List, fifth-most-populous state and the List of Brazilian st ...

: ** until 16 March: Cândido José da Costa ** 16 March-15 July: Fernando Fernandes Abbott ** 15 July-12 November:

Júlio Prates de Castilhos Júlio is a Portuguese masculine given name. The equivalent in Spanish is Julio. The diminutive form is Julinho, as in Júlio César Teixeira known as Julinho, a Brazilian footballer. See also *Julio (disambiguation) *Julio (given name) *Julio ( ...

** starting 12 November: Military Junta * Santa Catarina: ** until 10 November:

Gustavo Richard Gustavo is the Latinate form of a Germanic male given name with respective prevalence in Portuguese language, Portuguese, Spanish language, Spanish, and Italian language, Italian. It has been a common name for Swedish monarchs since the reign of Gu ...

** 10 November-28 December: Lauro Miller ** starting 28 December: Government Junta *

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC a ...

: ** until 7 March:

Jorge Tibiriçá Piratininga Jorge is a Spanish and Portuguese given name. It is derived from the Greek name Γεώργιος (''Georgios'') via Latin ''Georgius''; the former is derived from (''georgos''), meaning "farmer" or "earth-worker". The Latin form ''Georgius'' ...

** 7 March-11 June:

Américo Brasiliense Américo Brasiliense is a Brazilian municipality in the state of São Paulo. The population is 41,032 (2020 est.) in an area of . This city is also known as Cidade Doçura ("sweetness city"), because its perimeter is surrounded by sugar cane plan ...

** 11 June-15 December: Sérgio Tertuliano Castelo Branco *

Sergipe Sergipe (), officially State of Sergipe, is a state of Brazil. Located in the Northeast Region along the Atlantic coast of the country, Sergipe is the smallest state in Brazil by geographical area at , larger only than the Federal District. Serg ...

: ** 26 January-27 May: Luis Mendes de Morais ** 8 June-24 November:

Vicente Ribeiro Vicente is an Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese name. Like its French variant, Vincent, it is derived from the Latin name ''Vincentius'' meaning "conquering" (from Latin ''vincere'', "to conquer"). Vicente may refer to: Location *São Vicente, Cap ...

** starting 24 November: vacant thereafter

Vice governors

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...

: Manuel Torres (until 10 May) *

: ** until 11 June: Government Junta ** 11 June-16 December: José Alves de Cerqueira César ** starting 16 December: vacant *

: ** until 9 September: vacant ** 9 September-28 November: Government Junta ** starting 28 November: vacant

Events

24 February Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. *1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * 1386 ...

– A new

constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When ...

is adopted by a Constitutional Congress. *

26 February Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

–

Presidential election A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. Elections by country Albania The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public. Chile The pre ...

: ''De facto'' President

is confirmed in post, gaining 55.61% of the vote. *

3 November Events Pre-1600 * 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is Baptism, baptised and declares his cousin Julian the Apostate, Julian rightful successor. *1333 – The Arno, River Arno f ...

– President Fonseca dissolves the National Congress and declares a "state of emergency". *

23 November Events Pre-1600 *534 BC – Thespis of Icaria becomes the first recorded actor to portray a character on stage. *1248 – Conquest of Seville by Christian troops under King Ferdinand III of Castile. *1499 – Pretender to the thr ...

** President Fonseca resigns from office, handing the position to Floriano Peixoto. ** Exiled Emperor Pedro II appears at the

French Academy of Sciences The French Academy of Sciences (French: ''Académie des sciences'') is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French Scientific me ...

for the last time to participate in an election. *

3 December Events Pre-1600 * 915 – Pope John X crowns Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor (probable date). 1601–1900 *1775 – American Revolutionary War: becomes the first vessel to fly the Grand Union Flag (the precursor to the St ...

– A sudden deterioration is noted in the health of Pedro II. *

9 December Events Pre-1600 * 536 – Gothic War: The Byzantine general Belisarius enters Rome unopposed; the Gothic garrison flees the capital. * 730 – Battle of Marj Ardabil: The Khazars annihilate an Umayyad army and kill its commander, al ...

– Despite government repression, a popular gathering in memory of the deceased emperor occurred takes place, organized by the Marquis of Tamandaré, Viscount of Ouro Preto, Viscount of Sinimbu, Baron of Ladário, Carlos de Laet, Alfredo d' Escragnolle Taunay, Rodolfo Dantas, Afonso Celso and Joaquim Nabuco. * ''date unknown'' – The daily newspaper ''

Jornal do Brasil ''Jornal do Brasil'', widely known as ''JB'', is a daily newspaper published by Editora JB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The paper was founded in 1891 and is the third oldest extant Brazilian paper, after the ''Diário de Pernambuco'' and ''O Esta ...

'' is founded.

Arts and culture

Books

* Adolfo Caminha – '' A normalista''

Births

10 April Events Pre-1600 * 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople. * 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles). *1407 ...

–

Zélio Fernandino de Moraes Zélio Fernandino de Moraes (10 April 1892– 3 October 1975) was a Brazilian medium who is considered the founder of the Umbanda religion. Biography He was born on 10 April 1892 in São Gonçalo. At the age of 17, Zélio joined the Brazilian Na ...

, founder of the Umbanda Branca religion (d.

1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...

) *

21 July Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the ...

–

Lasar Segall Lasar Segall (July 21, 1889 – August 2, 1957) was a Lithuanian Jewish and Brazilian painter, engraver and sculptor. Segall's work is derived from impressionism, expressionism and modernism. His most significant themes were depictions of hum ...

, Jewish painter, engraver and sculptor, died in

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

(d.

1957 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th y ...

) *

20 September Events Pre-1600 * 1058 – Agnes of Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border territory of Burgenland. *1066 – At the Battle of Fulford, Harald Hardrada defeats earls Morcar and Edwin. * 1187 – Saladin ...

–

Maria José de Castro Rebello Mendes Maria José de Castro Rebello Mendes ( Salvador, September 20, 1891 – Rio de Janeiro, October 29, 1936) was the first Brazilian woman to be accepted to work for the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a controversial event back when women w ...

, diplomat (d.

1936 Events January–February * January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...

) *

23 October Events Pre-1600 * 4004 BC – James Ussher's proposed creation date of the world according to the Bible. *42 BC – Liberators' civil war: Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat an army under Brutus in the second part of the Battl ...

–

Pedro Ludovico Pedro Ludovico (23 October 1891 – 16 August 1979) was the founder of Goiânia, Brazil, and one of the most important figures in the history of the state of Goiás. Ludovico was born in Goiás. He went to Rio de Janeiro where he finished Med ...

, founder of

Goiânia Goiânia (; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Goiás. With a population of 1,536,097, it is the second-largest city in the Central-West Region and the 10th-largest in the country. Its metropolitan area has a population ...

(d.

1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...

)

Deaths

* 22 January –

Benjamin Constant Botelho de Magalhães Benjamin Constant Botelho de Magalhães (18 October 1836 – 22 January 1891) was a Brazilian military officer and political thinker. Primarily a Positivism, positivist, influenced heavily by Auguste Comte, he was the founder of the positivist mo ...

, soldier, and politician (b.

1836 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. * January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas. * January 12 ** , with Charles Darwin on board, r ...

) *

5 December Events Pre-1600 *63 BC – Cicero gives the fourth and final of the Catiline Orations. * 633 – Fourth Council of Toledo opens, presided over by Isidore of Seville. * 1033 – The Jordan Rift Valley earthquake destroys multiple ...

–

Pedro II of Brazil Don (honorific), Dom PedroII (2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed "the Magnanimity, Magnanimous" ( pt, O Magnânimo), was the List of monarchs of Brazil, second and last monarch of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. ...

, exiled Emperor of Brazil (b.

1825 Events January–March * January 4 – King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies in Naples and is succeeded by his son, Francis. * February 3 – Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula forming westernmost Denmark, becomes a ...

)

References

{{Latin America topic, 1891 in 1890s in Brazil Years of the 19th century in Brazil