Events

January

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

–

Upper Burma Upper Myanmar ( or , also called Upper Burma) is one of two geographic regions in Myanmar, the other being Lower Myanmar. Located in the country's centre and north stretches, Upper Myanmar encompasses six inland states and regions, including ...

is formally annexed to

British Burma British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and cultur ...

, following its conquest in the

Third Anglo-Burmese War The Third Anglo-Burmese War (), also known as the Third Burma War, took place during 7–29 November 1885, with sporadic resistance continuing into 1887. It was the final of three wars fought in the 19th century between the Burmese and the Br ...

November November is the eleventh and penultimate month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 30 days. November was the ninth month of the calendar of Romulus . November retained its name (from the Latin ''novem'' meaning " ...

1885 Events January * January 3– 4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force, in northern Vietnam. * January 17 – Mahdist ...

. *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...

– 9 –

Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis Stevenson (born Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson; 13 November 1850 – 3 December 1894) was a Scottish novelist, essayist, poet and travel writer. He is best known for works such as ''Treasure Island'', ''Strange Case of Dr Jekyll ...

's novella ''

Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde ''Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde'' is an 1886 Gothic horror novella by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson. It follows Gabriel John Utterson, a London-based legal practitioner who investigates a series of strange occurrences between ...

'' is published in New York and London. *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings. * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...

– A resolution is passed in the German Parliament to condemn the

Prussian deportations The Prussian deportations, also known as the Prussian expulsions of Poles (; ), were the mass expulsions of Polish people, Poles from Prussia between 1885 and 1890. More than 30,000 Poles who had immigrated to Prussia from the Polish regions of t ...

, the politically motivated mass expulsion of ethnic Poles and Jews from

Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...

, initiated by

Otto von Bismarck Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (; born ''Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck''; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898) was a German statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany and served as ...

. *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...

– Modern

field hockey Field hockey (or simply referred to as hockey in some countries where ice hockey is not popular) is a team sport structured in standard hockey format, in which each team plays with 11 players in total, made up of 10 field players and a goalk ...

is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...

–

Karl Benz Carl (or Karl) Friedrich Benz (; born Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant; 25 November 1844 – 4 April 1929) was a German engine designer and automotive engineer. His Benz Patent-Motorwagen from 1885 is considered the first practical modern automo ...

patents the first successful

gasoline Gasoline ( North American English) or petrol ( Commonwealth English) is a petrochemical product characterized as a transparent, yellowish, and flammable liquid normally used as a fuel for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. When for ...

-driven

automobile A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of cars state that they run primarily on roads, Car seat, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport private transport#Personal transport, peopl ...

, the

Benz Patent-Motorwagen The Benz Patent-Motorwagen ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German engineer Karl Benz, is widely regarded as the first practical automobile and was the first car put into production. It was patented in January 1886 and unveiled in public ...

(built in

February

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih. * 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...

– 9 –

Seattle riot of 1886 The Seattle riot of 1886 occurred on February 6–9, 1886, in Seattle, Washington, amidst rising anti-Chinese sentiment caused by intense labor competition and in the context of an ongoing struggle between labor and capital in the Western Unite ...

: Anti-Chinese sentiments result in riots in Seattle, Washington. *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...

– The

West End Riots The West End Riots were disorders in the West End of London on 8 February 1886 following a counter-demonstration by the Social Democratic Federation in Trafalgar Square against a meeting of the Fair Trade League. They were also known as the Tra ...

following a popular meeting in

Trafalgar Square Trafalgar Square ( ) is a public square in the City of Westminster in Central London. It was established in the early-19th century around the area formerly known as Charing Cross. Its name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar, the Royal Navy, ...

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

. *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 * 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his comin ...

– The Anti-Chinese League of the City of Napa is formed. *

February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...

– The first trainload of

oranges The orange, also called sweet orange to distinguish it from the bitter orange (''Citrus × aurantium''), is the fruit of a tree in the family Rutaceae. Botanically, this is the hybrid ''Citrus'' × ''sinensis'', between the pomelo (''Citrus m ...

leaves Los Angeles via the United States transcontinental railroad.

March

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...

– The

Anglo-Chinese School Anglo-Chinese School (ACS) is a family of Methodist schools in Singapore and Indonesia. It was founded in 1886 by Bishop William Fitzjames Oldham as an extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Its students and alumni are referred to as "ACS ...

is founded by Bishop William Fitzjames Oldham at 70 Amoy Street,

Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...

. *

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 ...

– The Treaty of Bucharest ends the

Serbo-Bulgarian War The Serbo-Bulgarian War or the Serbian–Bulgarian War (, ''Srăbsko-bălgarska voyna'', , ''Srpsko-bugarski rat''), a war between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Principality of Bulgaria, erupted on and lasted until . Despite Bulgaria's statu ...

in the Balkans. *

March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse to recant are burnt to death after the Fall of Montségur. * 1355 – Amidst the Red Turban Rebellions, Han Lin'er, ...

– A law establishing the

Kiel Canal The Kiel Canal (, until 1948 called in German the ) is a fresh water canal that links the North Sea () to the Baltic Sea (). It runs through the Germany, German states of Germany, state of Schleswig-Holstein, from Brunsbüttel to the Holtenau di ...

is adopted in the

German Empire The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperia ...

. *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ...

–

Carrollton Massacre Carrollton is the name of some places in the United States of America: *Carrollton, Alabama *Carrollton, Arkansas *Carrollton, Georgia *Carrollton, Illinois *Carrollton, Carroll County, Indiana *Carrollton, Hancock County, Indiana *Carrollton, Kentu ...

: 20

African American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from an ...

s are killed in

Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...

. *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of Venice. * 1461 – Battle of Towton: Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Edward IV of England, bringing a ...

–

Wilhelm Steinitz William Steinitz (born Wilhelm Steinitz; May 14, 1836 – August 12, 1900) was a Bohemian-Austrian, and later American, chess player. From 1886 to 1894, he was the first World Chess Champion. He was also a highly influential writer and c ...

becomes the first recognized World Chess Champion. *

March March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 2 ...

–

Gottlieb Daimler Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (; 17 March 1834 – 6 March 1900) was a German engineer, industrial designer and industrialist. He was a pioneer of internal-combustion engines and automobile development. He invented the high-speed liquid petroleum-fue ...

assembles his first automobile, in Germany.

April

April 4 Events Pre-1600 * 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines. * 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. * 611 &nd ...

–

William Ewart Gladstone William Ewart Gladstone ( ; 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British politican, starting as Conservative MP for Newark and later becoming the leader of the Liberal Party (UK), Liberal Party. In a career lasting over 60 years, he ...

introduces the

First Irish Home Rule Bill The Government of Ireland Bill 1886, commonly known as the First Home Rule Bill, was the first major attempt made by a British government to enact a law creating home rule for part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It was intr ...

in the

Parliament of the United Kingdom The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, and may also legislate for the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace ...

; it is defeated on

June 8 Events Pre-1600 * 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. * 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...

. *

April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. * ...

– The settlement of

Vancouver Vancouver is a major city in Western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the cit ...

British Columbia British Columbia is the westernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Situated in the Pacific Northwest between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, the province has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that ...

, is incorporated. *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...

– Father

Augustine Tolton John Augustus Tolton (baptized Augustine; April 1, 1854 – July 9, 1897) was an African American who served as the first Black Catholic priest in the United States, ordained in Rome in 1886. He was preceded by the Healy brothers, Catholic pri ...

, the first

Roman Catholic priest The priesthood is the office of the ministers of religion, who have been commissioned ("ordained") with the holy orders of the Catholic Church. Technically, bishops are a priestly order as well; however, in common English usage ''priest'' re ...

from the United States to identify himself publicly as

, is ordained in

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

. *

April April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. Its length is 30 days. April is commonly associated with the season of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is the ...

– The Swedish Dress Reform Society is established.

May

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. * 1169 & ...

– A

general strike A general strike is a strike action in which participants cease all economic activity, such as working, to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. They are organised by large coalitions ...

begins in the United States, which escalates on

May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformer John Wycliffe is condemned a ...

into the

Haymarket affair The Haymarket affair, also known as the Haymarket massacre, the Haymarket riot, the Haymarket Square riot, or the Haymarket Incident, was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on May 4, 1886 at Haymarket Square (C ...

in Chicago, and eventually wins the

eight-hour day The eight-hour day movement (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement to regulate the length of a working day, preventing excesses and abuses of working time. The modern movement originated i ...

for workers. *

–

Emile Berliner Emile Berliner (May 20, 1851 – August 3, 1929) originally Emil Berliner, was a German-American inventor. He is best known for inventing the lateral-cut flat disc gramophone record, record (called a "gramophone record" in British and American En ...

starts work that leads to the invention of the

gramophone A phonograph, later called a gramophone, and since the 1940s a record player, or more recently a turntable, is a device for the mechanical and analogue reproduction of sound. The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physic ...

. *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

– American pharmacist Dr.

John Pemberton John Stith Pemberton (July 8, 1831 – August 16, 1888) was an American pharmacist and Confederate States Army veteran who is best known as the inventor of Coca-Cola. On May 8, 1886, he developed an early version of a beverage that would later ...

invents a

carbonated Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid. In chemistry, the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation, which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids. In inorganic che ...

beverage that will be named '

Coca-Cola Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a cola soft drink manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company. In 2013, Coke products were sold in over 200 countries and territories worldwide, with consumers drinking more than 1.8 billion company beverage servings ...

'. *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurpe ...

– Portugal and France agree to regulate the borders of their colonies in Guinea. *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. * 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explo ...

** ''

Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad ''Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company'', 118 U.S. 394 (1886), is a United States corporate law, corporate law case of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court concerning taxation of railroad propertie ...

'': The

U.S. Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that turn on question ...

rules that

corporations A corporation or body corporate is an individual or a group of people, such as an association or company, that has been authorized by the State (polity), state to act as a single entity (a legal entity recognized by private and public law as ...

have the same rights as living persons. ** Motherwell Football Club is founded in Scotland. *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops unde ...

–

begins to advertise

(in ''

The Atlanta Journal ''The Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' (''AJC'') is an American daily newspaper based in metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia. It is the flagship publication of Cox Enterprises. The ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' is the result of the merger ...

'').

June

June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 260 – Sima Zhao's regicide of Cao Mao: The figurehead Wei emperor Cao Mao personally leads an attempt to oust his regent, Sima Zhao; the attempted coup is crushed and the emperor killed. * 455 – Sack of Rome: ...

– U.S. President

Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, serving from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. He was the first U.S. president to serve nonconsecutive terms and the first Hist ...

marries

Frances Folsom Frances Clara Cleveland Preston (, christened Frank Clara; July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947) was the first lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and again from 1893 until 1897, as the wife of President Grover Cleveland. She was the ...

in the

White House The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest (Washington, D.C.), NW in Washington, D.C., it has served as the residence of every U.S. president ...

(Washington, D.C.), becoming the only

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...

to wed in the executive mansion. She is 27 years his junior. *

June 3 Events Pre-1600 * 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators. * 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...

–

Uganda Martyrs The Uganda Martyrs are a group of 22 Catholic Church, Catholic and 23 Anglicanism, Anglican converts to Christianity in the History of Buganda, kingdom of Buganda, now part of Uganda, who were executed between 31 January 1885 and 27 January 1887 ...

Charles Lwanga Charles Lwanga (Luganda: Kaloli Lwanga; 1 January 18603 June 1886) was a Ugandan Religious conversion, convert to the Catholic Church who was martyrdom, martyred with Uganda Martyrs, a group of his peers and is revered as a saint by both the Cat ...

, 12 other Catholic boys and men, and 9 Anglicans, are burned (and another Catholic speared) to death, at the orders of Kabaka

Mwanga II of Buganda Danieri Basammula-Ekkere Mwanga II Mukasa (3 June 1868 – 8 May 1903)D. A. Low''Fabrication of Empire: The British and the Uganda Kingdoms, 1890-1902'' Cambridge University Press, 2009, p. 210, note 196. was the 31st Kabaka of Buganda, Kabaka of ...

Namugongo Namugongo is a township in the Central Region, Uganda, Central Region of Uganda. Location Namugongo is in Kyaliwajjala, Kyaliwajjala Ward, in Kira Town, Kira Municipality, Wakiso District, approximately north-east of Uganda's capital Kampala. ...

. *

June 10 Events Pre-1600 * 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. * 1190 – Third Crusade: Frederic ...

– The Mount Tarawera volcano erupts in

New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...

, resulting in the deaths of over 150 people and the destruction of the famous

Pink and White Terraces The Pink and White Terraces ( and ), were natural wonders of New Zealand. They were reportedly the largest silica sinter deposits on Earth. They disappeared in the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera and were generally thought to have been destroyed ...

. *

June 12 Events Pre-1600 * 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors. *1206 – The Ghurid general Qutb ud-Din Aib ...

– King

Ludwig II of Bavaria Ludwig II (Ludwig Otto Friedrich Wilhelm; 25 August 1845 – 13 June 1886), also called the Swan King or the Fairy Tale King (), was King of Bavaria from 1864 until his death in 1886. He also held the titles of Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke ...

is detained as part of a deposition, drowning the following day under mysterious circumstances. Six weeks later his unfinished

Neuschwanstein Castle Neuschwanstein Castle (, ; ) is a 19th-century Historicism (art), historicist palace on a rugged hill of the foothills of the Alps in the very south of Germany, near the border with Austria. It is located in the Swabia (Bavaria), Swabia regio ...

is opened to the public. *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn ...

** The

Great Vancouver Fire The Great Vancouver Fire destroyed most of the newly incorporated city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on June 13, 1886. It started as two land-clearing fires to the west of the city. The first fire was farther away from the city and wa ...

devastates much of

. ** A large

log jam A log jam is a naturally occurring phenomenon characterized by a dense accumulation of tree trunks and pieces of large wood across a vast section of a river, stream, or lake. ("Large wood" is commonly defined to be pieces of wood more than in di ...

forms on the St. Croix River near Taylors Falls,

Minnesota Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the so ...

June 25 Events Pre-1600 * 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce. * 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...

–

Arturo Toscanini Arturo Toscanini (; ; March 25, 1867January 16, 1957) was an Italian conductor. He was one of the most acclaimed and influential musicians of the late 19th and early 20th century, renowned for his intensity, his perfectionism, his ear for orche ...

makes his conducting debut, with an Italian opera company visiting

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...

. *

June 30 Events Pre-1600 * 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy. * 763 – The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus. * 1422 – Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Mil ...

– The Royal Holloway, University of London, Royal Holloway College for women is opened by Queen Victoria, near London, England.

July

* July 3 –

officially unveils the Benz Patent Motorwagen. * July 9 – American inventor Charles Martin Hall files a patent for his inexpensive method of refining aluminium (discovered on February 23); independently and near-simultaneously discovered in France by Paul Héroult it becomes known as the Hall–Héroult process. * July 23 – Steve Brodie (bridge jumper), Steve Brodie is reported to have made a jump from the Brooklyn Bridge, a claim subsequently disputed. * July 25 – Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

August

* August 13 – Nagasaki Incident: Chinese troops riot during shore leave in Nagasaki, Japan. * August 19 – Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee), The Christian Union (Church of God) is established in Monroe County, Tennessee * August 20 – A massive hurricane demolishes the town of Indianola, Texas. * August 31 – The 7.0 1886 Charleston earthquake, Charleston earthquake affects southeastern South Carolina, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''); 60 people are killed, and damage is estimated at United States dollar, $5–6 million.

September

* September 1 – Grasshopper Club Zürich is founded as the first football club in the Swiss city of Zürich by English students. * September 4 – American Indian Wars: After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo surrenders, with his last band of warriors, to General Nelson Miles, at Skeleton Canyon in Arizona. * September 9 – The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is signed. * September 21 – American physicist William Stanley Jr. patents the first practical alternating current transformer device, the induction coil.

October

* October 7 – Spain abolishes slavery in Cuba. * October 24 – The British merchant vessel ''Normanton'' sinks off the coast of Japan, triggering the Normanton incident. * October 28 – U.S. President

dedicates the Statue of Liberty, a gift from France, in New York Harbor. The ensuing spontaneous celebration in New York City leads to the first ticker tape parade.

November

* November 1 – The biggest Buddhist boys' school in Sri Lanka, Ananda College, is founded in Colombo. * November 3 – In the British Raj, what will become one of the biggest boys' schools in Pakistan, Aitchison College, Lahore, is founded under the auspices of Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison. * November 11 – Heinrich Hertz verifies the existence of electromagnetic waves, at the University of Karlsruhe. * November 14 – German inventor Friedrich Soennecken first develops the hole puncher, a type of office tool capable of punching small holes in paper. * November 15 – The ''Werkstätte für Feinmechanik und Elektrotechnik'' (''Workshop for Fine Mechanics and Electronics'') is founded in Baden-Württemberg, Germany by Robert Bosch. The company will later become the home appliance and Power tool, power tool brand, Robert Bosch GmbH. * November 30 – The ''Folies Bergère'' stages its first revue in Paris. *

– The extremely harsh winter of 1886–87 in the United States begins, killing tens of thousands of cattle on the Great Plains of North America.

December

* December 11 – London Association football club Arsenal F.C., Arsenal, founded as Dial Square by workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, History of Arsenal F.C. (1886–1966), play their first match (on the Isle of Dogs). The club is renamed Royal Arsenal soon afterwards, supposedly on December 25. * December 17 – English adventurer Thomas Stevens (cyclist), Thomas Stevens concludes the first circumnavigation by bicycle in Yokohama, having set out on his penny-farthing from San Francisco in 1884.

Date unknown

* Addis Ababa is founded in the Ethiopian Empire. * The village of Skorenovac is founded in Serbia, mostly by Székelys, Székely Hungarians. * Scotch whisky distiller William Grant & Sons is founded. * Yorkshire Tea is established in Harrogate, England. * Johnson & Johnson, which becomes a multinational brand, begins manufacturing healthcare products in New Jersey, United States. *Avon Products, a worldwide cosmetics and household brand is founded in New York City, United States. *Food product and Food processing, processing brand Del Monte Foods is founded in California, United States. * Emily Ruete publishes her landmark memoir, ''Memoirs of an Arabian Princess: An Autobiography''. * Bedford Blues, Bedford Rugby Club is formed in England.

Births

January–February

* January 2 – Apsley Cherry-Garrard, English polar explorer with the Terra Nova expedition and author of The Worst Journey in the World * January 2 – Florence Lawrence, Canadian-born American actress (d. 1938) * January 2 – Elise Ottesen-Jensen, Norwegian-Swedish feminist (d. 1973) *

– Markus Reiner, Israeli scientist (d. 1976) * January 7 – Amedeo Maiuri, Italian archaeologist (d. 1963) * January 11 ** George Zucco, English–born American character actor (d. 1960) ** Chester Conklin, American actor (d. 1971) * January 13 – Sophie Tucker, Russian-born American singer, comedian (d. 1966) * January 14 – Hugh Lofting, English-born American author (d. 1947) * January 17 – Joe Masseria, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1931) * January 25 – Wilhelm Furtwängler, German conductor (d. 1954) * January 27 – Frank Nitti, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1943) * January 28 – Hidetsugu Yagi, Japanese electrical engineer (d. 1976) * January 31 – Alfonso López Pumarejo, 14th and 16th President of Colombia (d. 1959) * February 2 – Frank Lloyd, English-born American film director, scriptwriter and producer (d. 1960) * February 4 – Edward Sheldon, American playwright (d. 1946) * February 7 – Yehezkel Abramsky, Russian-born British rabbi (d. 1976) *

– Charlie Ruggles, American actor (d. 1970) * February 9 – Edwin Maxwell (actor), Edwin Maxwell, Irish actor (d. 1948) * February 12 – Margarita Fischer, American silent film actress (d. 1975) * February 17 – Aeneas Francon Williams, English missionary, Church of Scotland minister, writer and poet (d. 1971) * February 19 – José Abad Santos, Filipino jurist, lawyer (d. 1942) * February 22 – Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian artist and poet (d. 1980) * February 27 – Hugo Black, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1971)

March–April

* March 2 ** Willis H. O'Brien, American stop motion animator (d. 1962) ** Vittorio Pozzo, Italian football player and manager (d. 1968) ** Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg, German general (d. 1974) * March 4 – Kazimierz Świtalski, Polish diplomat, politician, soldier and military officer, 18th Prime Minister of Poland (d. 1962) * March 6 ** Saburō Kurusu, Japanese diplomat (d. 1954) ** Nella Walker, American actress, vaudevillian (d. 1971) * March 7 – Virginia Pearson, American silent film actress (d. 1958) * March 8 – Edward Calvin Kendall, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1972) * March 9 – Robert L. Eichelberger, American general (d. 1961) * March 11 – Edward Rydz-Śmigły, Polish politician, Marshal of Poland (d. 1941) * March 15 – Sergey Kirov, Soviet revolutionary (d. 1934) * March 18 ** Edward Everett Horton, American actor (d. 1970) ** Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, German U-boat ace (d. 1941) * March 19 – Giuseppe Mario Bellanca, Italian-born American airplane designer, manufacturer (d. 1960) * March 20 – Murder of Grace Brown, Grace Brown, American murder victim whose story became a famous court case (d. 1906) * March 22 – Kálmán Darányi, 31st Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1939) * March 24 – Edward Weston, American photographer (d. 1958) * March 25 – Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople (d. 1972) * March 27 – Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, German architect (d. 1969) *

– William R. Munroe, American admiral (d. 1966) * April 5 – Gustavo Jiménez, President of Peru (d. 1933) * April 14 – Ernst Robert Curtius, Alsatian philologist (d. 1956) * April 16 ** Ernst Thälmann, German Communist leader (d. 1944) ** Margaret Woodrow Wilson, American singer; Woodrow Wilson, Presidential daughter (d. 1944) * April 26 – Ma Rainey, American singer (d. 1939) * April 30 – Dick Elliott, American actor (d. 1961)

May–June

* May 2 – Gottfried Benn, German poet (d. 1956) * May 3 – Marcel Dupré, French composer (d. 1971) * May 5 – Émile Eddé, 4th Prime Minister and 3rd President of Lebanon (d. 1949) * May 10 ** Karl Barth, Swiss Protestant theologian (d. 1968) ** Felix Manalo, Filipino Executive Minister (''Tagapamahalang Pangkalahatan'') of the (d. 1963) ** Olaf Stapledon, British author, philosopher (d. 1950) *

– King Alfonso XIII of Spain (d. 1941) * May 18 – Ture Nerman, Swedish communist leader (d. 1969) * May 20 – John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever, American-born British businessman (d. 1971) * May 26 – Al Jolson, American entertainer (d. 1950) * June 6 – William A. Glassford, American admiral (d. 1958) * June 7 – Henri Coandă, Romanian aerodynamics pioneer (d. 1972) * June 9 – Kosaku Yamada, Japanese composer, conductor (d. 1965) * June 18 – George Mallory, English climber (d. 1924) * June 23 – Olaf M. Hustvedt, American admiral (d. 1978) * June 24 – Ion Gigurtu, 42nd Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1959) *

– Henry H. Arnold, American general, aviation pioneer (d. 1950) * June 28 – Hitoshi Imamura, Japanese general (d. 1968) * June 29 – Robert Schuman, German-French politician, a Founding fathers of the European Union, founding father of the European Union (d. 1963)

July–August

* July 3 ** Giovanni Battista Caproni, Italian aeronautical, civil, and electrical engineer, aircraft designer, and industrialist (d. 1957) ** Raymond A. Spruance, American admiral, ambassador (d. 1969) * July 5 – Willem Drees, Dutch politician and historian, 30th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1988) * July 6 – Lou Skuce, Canadian cartoonist (d. 1951) * July 12 – Jean Hersholt, Danish-born American actor (d. 1956) * July 15 – William Edmunds (actor), William Edmunds, Italian stage, screen character actor (d. 1981) * July 18 – Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., American general (d. 1945) * July 23 – Walter H. Schottky, German physicist (d. 1976) * July 24 – Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Japanese writer (d. 1965) * July 25 – Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Swedish big-game hunter (d. 1946) * July 31 – Fred Quimby, American film producer (d. 1965) * August 2 – John Alexander Douglas McCurdy, Canadian aviation pioneer, Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (d. 1961) * August 6 – Inez Milholland, American suffragist, labor lawyer, World War I correspondent and public speaker (d. 1916) * August 12 – Campbell Tait, British admiral and Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d. 1946) * August 20 – Paul Tillich, German-American Christian existentialist philosopher, theologian (d. 1965) * August 26 – Ceferino Namuncurá, Argentine Roman Catholic lay brother and blessed (d. 1905) * August 27 ** Nicolette Bruining, Dutch theologian, humanitarian (d. 1963) ** Rebecca Clarke (composer), Rebecca Clarke, English composer, violist (d. 1979) ** Eric Coates, English composer (d. 1957) * August 28 – Andrew Higgins, American boatbuilder, industrialist (d. 1952)

September–October

* September 1 ** Tarsila do Amaral, Brazilian modernist painter (d. 1973) ** Othmar Schoeck, Swiss composer (d. 1957) * September 5 – Nell Brinkley, American illustrator, comic artist (d. 1944) * September 8 – Siegfried Sassoon, British poet (d. 1967) * September 11 – Khaled Chehab, 2-Time Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 1978) * September 13 – Robert Robinson (organic chemist), Robert Robinson, British chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975) * September 14 – Jan Masaryk, Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia (d. 1948) * September 16 – Jean Arp, Alsatian sculptor, painter and poet (d. 1966) * September 20 – Charles Williams (British writer), Charles Williams, English novelist, playwright, poet, theologian and critic (d. 1945) * September 24 ** Edward Bach, English metaphysician, homeopath (d. 1936) ** Roberto María Ortiz, President of Argentina (d. 1942) * September 25 – Nobutake Kondō, Japanese admiral (d. 1953) * September 26 – Archibald Hill, English physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1977) * October 3 – Alain-Fournier, French writer (killed in action 1914) * October 6 – Edwin Fischer, Swiss pianist, conductor (d. 1960) * October 11 – Conrad Helfrich, Dutch admiral (d. 1962) * October 15 – Jonas H. Ingram, American admiral (d. 1952) * October 16 – David Ben-Gurion, Polish-born first Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1973) * October 17 – Spring Byington, American actress (d. 1971) * October 22 – Oscar Griswold, American general (d. 1959) * October 30 – Zoë Akins, American playwright, poet and author (d. 1958)

November–December

* November 1 – Hermann Broch, Austrian author (d. 1951) * November 2 – Gheorghe Tătărescu, 2-time prime minister of Romania (d. 1957) * November 6 – André Marty, French Communist Party leader (d. 1956) * November 9 – Ed Wynn, American actor (d. 1966) * November 10 – Walden L. Ainsworth, American admiral (d. 1960) * November 11 – Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, 11th Prime Minister of Iraq (d. 1969) * November 12 – Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera, Spanish prince, military aviator (d. 1975) * November 15 – René Guénon, French-Egyptian author (d. 1951) * November 17 – Walter Terence Stace, British philosopher (d. 1967) * November 18 – Ferenc Münnich, 47th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1967) * November 20 – Karl von Frisch, Austrian zoologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1982) * November 26 – Margaret C. Anderson, American publisher, editor (d. 1973) * December 2 – Lester P. Barlow, American inventor and engineer (d. 1967) * December 3 – Manne Siegbahn, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1978) * December 5 – Rose Wilder Lane, American author (d. 1968) * December 8 – Diego Rivera, Mexican painter (d. 1957) * December 10 – Victor McLaglen, English actor, boxer (d. 1959) * December 12 – Owen Moore, Irish-born American actor (d. 1939) * December 18 – Ty Cobb, American baseball player and a member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Baseball Hall of Fame (d. 1961) * December 25 **Gotthard Heinrici, German general (d. 1971) **Kid Ory, American jazz musician (d. 1973) * December 26 – Gyula Gömbös, 30th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1936) * December 30 – Austin Osman Spare, English artist, magician (d. 1956)

Unknown

* Gabriel of Dionysiou -Greek Orthodod Archimandrite in Mount Athos (d. 1983) * Cola Nicea, Aromanian soldier (d. unknown)

Deaths

January–June

– Amilcare Ponchielli, Italian composer (b. 1834) *

– Baldassare Verazzi, Italian painter (b. 1819) * January 26 – David Rice Atchison, American politician (b. 1807) * February 9 – Winfield Scott Hancock, Union general of the American Civil War, Democratic political candidate (b. 1824) * February 10 – Laura Don, American actress (b. 1852) * February 12 – Horatio Seymour, List of Governors of New York, 18th Governor of New York, 1868 United States presidential election, 1868 Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party presidential nominee (b. 1810) * February 15 – Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell, British politician (b. 1813) * February 18 – Dave Rudabaugh, American outlaw, gunfighter (b. 1854) * February 24 – Hugh Stowell Brown, Manx people, Manx preacher (b. 1823) * March 9 – William S. Clark, American chemist (b. 1826) *

– Pierre-Jules Hetzel, French editor, publisher (b. 1814) * April 9 – Joseph Victor von Scheffel, German poet (b. 1826) * April 16 – Andrew Nicholl, Northern Irish painter (b. 1804) * April 20 – Louis Melsens, Belgian chemist and physicist (b. 1814) * April 27 – Henry Hobson Richardson, American architect (b. 1838) * May 9 – Facundo Bacardí, Cuban rum manufacturer (b. 1814) *

– Emily Dickinson, American poet (b. 1830) *

– John Deere (inventor), John Deere, American inventor (b. 1804) * May 23 – Leopold von Ranke, German historian (b. 1795) *

** Bernhard von Gudden, German neuroanatomist and psychiatrist (b. 1824) ** King

(b. 1845) * June 19 – Sir Charles Trevelyan, British civil servant and colonial administrator (b. 1807) * June 21 – Daniel Dunglas Home, Scottish medium (b. 1833)

July–December

* July 1 – Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich, German geologist (b. 1806) * July 4 ** Poundmaker, Aboriginal Canadian leader (b. c. 1842) ** Prince Arisugawa Takahito, Japanese Prince (b. 1813) * July 16 – Ned Buntline (Edward Zane Carroll Judson Sr.), American publisher, dime novelist and publicist (b. 1821) * July 25 – Eliza Lynch, First Lady of Paraguay (b. 1833) * July 31 – Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist, composer (b. 1811) * August 4 – Samuel J. Tilden, List of Governors of New York, 25th Governor of New York, 1876 United States presidential election, 1876 Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party presidential nominee (b. 1814) * August 9 ** Samuel Ferguson, Sir Samuel Ferguson, Northern Irish poet, artist (b. 1810) ** Bill Smith (outfielder), Bill Smith, Major League Baseball player (b. 1865) * August 11 – Lydia Koidula, Estonian poet (b. 1843) * August 16 – Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Indian spiritual figure (b. 1836) * August 30 – Ferris Jacobs Jr., American politician (b. 1836) * September 3 – William W. Snow, American politician (b. 1812) * September 4 – Benjamin F. Cheatham, Confederate general (b. 1820) * September 14 – Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard, American land speculator (b. 1802) * September 25 – Hannah T. King, British-born American writer and pioneer (b. 1808) * October 6 – Edward William Godwin, English architect (b. 1833) * October 8 – Austin F. Pike, American politician from New Hampshire (b. 1819) * October 9 – Jean-Jacques Uhrich, French general (b. 1802) *October 10 – David Levy Yulee, American politician, US Senator from Florida (b. 1810) * November 4 – James Martin (premier), Sir James Martin, 4th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1820) * November 18 – Chester A. Arthur, 21st

(b. 1829) * November 20 – William Bliss Baker, American painter (b. 1859) * November 21 – Charles Francis Adams Sr., American historical editor, politician and diplomat (b. 1807) * December 8 ** Isaac Lea, American conchologist, geologist and publisher (b. 1792) ** William Fraser Tolmie, Scottish-Canadian scientist, politician (b. 1812) * December 16 – Josef Drásal, the tallest Czech (b. 1841) * December 26 – John A. Logan, American soldier, political leader (b. 1826)

Date unknown

* Harriet Bates, American author (b. 1856)

References

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