Events

January–March

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...

–

Upper Burma Upper Myanmar ( my, အထက်မြန်မာပြည်, also called Upper Burma) is a geographic region of Myanmar, traditionally encompassing Mandalay and its periphery (modern Mandalay, Sagaing, Magway Regions), or more broadly speak ...

is formally annexed to British Burma, following its conquest in the

Third Anglo-Burmese War The Third Anglo-Burmese War ( my, တတိယ အင်္ဂလိပ် – မြန်မာစစ်, Tatiya Anggalip–Mran cac), also known as the Third Burma War, took place during 7–29 November 1885, with sporadic resistance conti ...

of November 1885. *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...

– 9 –

Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis Stevenson (born Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson; 13 November 1850 – 3 December 1894) was a Scottish novelist, essayist, poet and travel writer. He is best known for works such as ''Treasure Island'', ''Strange Case of Dr Jekyll a ...

's novella ''

Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde ''Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde'' is a 1886 Gothic novella by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson. It follows Gabriel John Utterson, a London-based legal practitioner who investigates a series of strange occurrences between his old ...

'' is published in New York and London. * January 16 – A resolution is passed in the German Parliament to condemn the

Prussian deportations The Prussian deportations, also known as the Prussian expulsions of Poles ( pl, rugi pruskie, german: Polenausweisungen), were the mass expulsions of Poles from the German-controlled Prussia between 1885 and 1890. More than 30,000 Poles from Aus ...

, the politically motivated mass expulsion of ethnic Poles and Jews from

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...

, initiated by Otto von Bismarck. *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...

– Modern

field hockey Field hockey is a team sport structured in standard hockey format, in which each team plays with ten outfield players and a goalkeeper. Teams must drive a round hockey ball by hitting it with a hockey stick towards the rival team's shooting ...

is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, rul ...

–

Karl Benz Carl Friedrich Benz (; 25 November 1844 – 4 April 1929), sometimes also Karl Friedrich Benz, was a German engine designer and automotive engineer. His Benz Patent Motorcar from 1885 is considered the first practical modern automobile and fir ...

patents the first successful

gasoline Gasoline (; ) or petrol (; ) (see ) is a transparent, petroleum-derived flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines (also known as petrol engines). It consists mostly of organi ...

-driven

automobile A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people instead of goods. The year 1886 is regarde ...

, the

Benz Patent-Motorwagen The Benz Patent-Motorwagen ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German Carl Benz, is widely regarded as the world's first practical modern automobile and was the first car put into series production. It was patented and unveiled in 1886. T ...

(built in 1885). * February 6– 9 –

Seattle riot of 1886 The Seattle riot of 1886 occurred on February 6–9, 1886, in Seattle, Washington, amidst rising anti-Chinese sentiment caused by intense labor competition and in the context of an ongoing struggle between labor and capital in the Western United S ...

: Anti-Chinese sentiments result in riots in Seattle, Washington. *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. *1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...

– The

West End Riots The West End Riots were disorders in the West End of London on 8 February 1886 following a counter-demonstration by the Social Democratic Federation in Trafalgar Square against a meeting of the Fair Trade League. They were also known as the Traf ...

following a popular meeting in

Trafalgar Square Trafalgar Square ( ) is a public square in the City of Westminster, Central London, laid out in the early 19th century around the area formerly known as Charing Cross. At its centre is a high column bearing a statue of Admiral Nelson comm ...

London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

. * February 14 – The first train load of

oranges An orange is a fruit of various citrus species in the family Rutaceae (see list of plants known as orange); it primarily refers to ''Citrus'' × ''sinensis'', which is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related ''Citrus × ...

leaves Los Angeles via the United States transcontinental railroad. *

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 & ...

– The Treaty of Bucharest ends the

Serbo-Bulgarian War The Serbo-Bulgarian War or the Serbian–Bulgarian War ( bg, Сръбско-българска война, ''Srăbsko-bălgarska voyna'', sr, Српско-бугарски рат, ''Srpsko-bugarski rat'') was a war between the Kingdom of Ser ...

in the Balkans. *

March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang. *1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...

– A law establishing the

Kiel Canal The Kiel Canal (german: Nord-Ostsee-Kanal, literally "North- oEast alticSea canal", formerly known as the ) is a long freshwater canal in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. The canal was finished in 1895, but later widened, and links the N ...

is adopted in the German Empire. *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ei ...

&ndash
Carrollton Massacre
20

African American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ens ...

s are killed in

Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...

. *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...

–

Wilhelm Steinitz William Steinitz (born Wilhelm Steinitz; May 14, 1836 – August 12, 1900) was an Austrian and, later, American chess player. From 1886 to 1894, he was the first official World Chess Champion. He was also a highly influential writer and c ...

becomes the first recognized World Chess Champion. * March –

Gottlieb Daimler Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (; 17 March 1834 – 6 March 1900) was a German engineer, industrial designer and industrialist born in Schorndorf ( Kingdom of Württemberg, a federal state of the German Confederation), in what is now Germany. He w ...

assembles his first automobile, in Germany.

April–June

* April 4 –

William Ewart Gladstone William Ewart Gladstone ( ; 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British statesman and Liberal politician. In a career lasting over 60 years, he served for 12 years as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, spread over four non-conse ...

introduces the

First Irish Home Rule Bill The Government of Ireland Bill 1886, commonly known as the First Home Rule Bill, was the first major attempt made by a British government to enact a law creating home rule for part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It was in ...

in the

Parliament of the United Kingdom The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of Westminster, London. It alone possesses legislative suprema ...

; it is defeated on

June 8 Events Pre-1600 * 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. * 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern province ...

. *

April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. *13 ...

– The settlement of

Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the ...

British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...

is incorporated. *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). *1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...

– Father Augustine Tolton, the first

Roman Catholic priest The priesthood is the office of the ministers of religion, who have been commissioned ("ordained") with the Holy orders of the Catholic Church. Technically, bishops are a priestly order as well; however, in layman's terms ''priest'' refers only ...

from the United States to identify himself publicly as

, is ordained in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

. *

April 25 Events Pre-1600 *404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...

–

Easter Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the '' Book of Common Prayer''; "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher''The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, Volume 4'') and Samuel Pepys''The Diary of Samuel ...

occurs on the latest possible date (the next time is in

1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 ...

). *

April April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. It is the first of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the second of five months to have a length of less than 31 days. April is commonly associated with ...

– The Swedish Dress Reform Society is established. *

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 – N ...

– A general strike begins in the United States, which escalates on

May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...

into the

Haymarket affair The Haymarket affair, also known as the Haymarket massacre, the Haymarket riot, the Haymarket Square riot, or the Haymarket Incident, was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square i ...

in Chicago, and eventually wins the

eight-hour day The eight-hour day movement (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement to regulate the length of a working day, preventing excesses and abuses. An eight-hour work day has its origins in the ...

for workers. *

–

Emile Berliner Emile Berliner (May 20, 1851 – August 3, 1929) originally Emil Berliner, was a German-American inventor. He is best known for inventing the lateral-cut flat disc record (called a "gramophone record" in British and American English) used with a ...

starts work that leads to the invention of the gramophone. * May 8 – American pharmacist Dr.

John Pemberton John Stith Pemberton (July 8, 1831 – August 16, 1888) was an American pharmacist and Confederate States Army veteran who is best known as the inventor of Coca-Cola. In May 1886, he developed an early version of a beverage that would later bec ...

invents a

carbonated Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid. In chemistry, the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation, which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids. In inorganic ch ...

beverage that will be named '

Coca-Cola Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company. Originally marketed as a temperance drink and intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Stith Pemberton in Atlant ...

'. *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...

– Portugal and France agree to regulate the borders of their colonies in Guinea. *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. *1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...

** ''

Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad ''Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company'', 118 U.S. 394 (1886), is a corporate law case of the United States Supreme Court concerning taxation of railroad properties. The case is most notable for a headnote stating that the Equa ...

'': The

U.S. Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...

rules that corporations have the same rights as living persons. **

Motherwell Football Club Motherwell Football Club is a Scottish professional football club based in Motherwell, North Lanarkshire, which plays in the Scottish Premiership. Motherwell have not dropped out of the top-flight of Scottish football since 1985, and have lif ...

is founded in Scotland. *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...

–

begins to advertise

(in ''

The Atlanta Journal ''The Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' is the only major daily newspaper in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia. It is the flagship publication of Cox Enterprises. The ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' is the result of the merger between ...

''). *

June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks. * 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601� ...

– U.S. President

Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. Cleveland is the only president in American ...

marries

Frances Folsom Frances Clara Cleveland Preston ( née Folsom born as Frank Clara; July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947) was an American socialite, education activist, and the first lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889, and again from 1893 to 1897 as ...

in the

White House The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in ...

(Washington, D.C.), becoming the only

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...

to wed in the executive mansion. She is 27 years his junior. *

June 3 Events Pre-1600 * 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators. * 713 – The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, depos ...

–

Uganda Martyrs The Uganda Martyrs are a group of 22 Catholic and 23 Anglican converts to Christianity in the historical kingdom of Buganda, now part of Uganda, who were executed between 31 January 1885 and 27 January 1887. They were killed on orders of Mwang ...

: Charles Lwanga, 12 other Catholic boys and men, and 9 Anglicans, are burned (and another Catholic speared) to death, at the orders of Kabaka

Mwanga II of Buganda Danieri Basammula-Ekkere Mwanga II Mukasa (1868 – 8 May 1903)D. A. Low''Fabrication of Empire: The British and the Uganda Kingdoms, 1890-1902'' Cambridge University Press, 2009, p. 210, note 196. was Kabaka of Buganda from 1884 until 1888 and fro ...

Namugongo Namugongo is a township in the Central Region of Uganda. Location Namugongo is in Kyaliwajjala Ward, in Kira Municipality, Wakiso District, approximately north-east of Uganda's capital Kampala. The township is bordered by Nsasa to the north, ...

. *

June 10 Events Pre-1600 * 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. *1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...

– The Mount Tarawera volcano erupts in

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

, resulting in the deaths of over 150 people and the destruction of the famous

Pink and White Terraces The Pink and White Terraces ( and ), were natural wonders of New Zealand. They were reportedly the largest silica sinter deposits on earth. Until recently, they were lost and thought destroyed in the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, while new hy ...

. *

June 12 Events Pre-1600 * 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors. * 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...

– King

Ludwig II of Bavaria Ludwig II (Ludwig Otto Friedrich Wilhelm; 25 August 1845 – 13 June 1886) was King of Bavaria from 1864 until his death in 1886. He is sometimes called the Swan King or ('the Fairy Tale King'). He also held the titles of Count Palatine of the ...

is detained as part of a deposition, drowning the following day under mysterious circumstances. Six weeks later his unfinished

Neuschwanstein Castle Neuschwanstein Castle (german: Schloss Neuschwanstein, , Southern Bavarian: ''Schloss Neischwanstoa'') is a 19th-century historicist palace on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near Füssen in southwest Bavaria, Germany. T ...

is opened to the public. *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn Battuta ...

– The

Great Vancouver Fire The Great Vancouver Fire destroyed most of the newly incorporated city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on June 13, 1886. It started as two land clearing fires to the west of the city. The first fire was further away from the city and wa ...

devastates much of

. *

June 25 Events Pre-1600 * 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce. * 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...

– Arturo Toscanini makes his conducting debut, with an Italian opera company visiting

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...

. *

June 30 Events Pre-1600 * 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy. * 763 – The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus. *1422 – Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan ...

– The

Royal Holloway College Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL), formally incorporated as Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, is a public research university and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It has six schools, 21 academic departm ...

for women is opened by

Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days was longer than that of any previo ...

, near London, England.

July–September

July 3 Events Pre-1600 * 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. * 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revolut ...

–

officially unveils the

Benz Patent Motorwagen The Benz Patent-Motorwagen ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German Carl Benz, is widely regarded as the world's first practical modern automobile and was the first car put into series production. It was patented and unveiled in 1886. ...

. * July 9 – American inventor Charles M. Hall files a patent for his inexpensive method of refining

aluminium Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. I ...

(discovered on February 23); independently and near-simultaneously discovered in France by

Paul Héroult Paul (Louis-Toussaint) Héroult (10 April 1863 – 9 May 1914) was a French scientist. He was the inventor of the aluminium electrolysis and developed the first successful commercial electric arc furnace. He lived in Thury-Harcourt, Normandy. ...

it becomes known as the

Hall–Héroult process The Hall–Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium. It involves dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) (obtained most often from bauxite, aluminium's chief ore, through the Bayer process) in molten cryolite, and el ...

. *

July 23 Events Pre-1600 * 811 – Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury. *1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios. 1 ...

– Steve Brodie is reported to have made a jump from the Brooklyn Bridge, a claim subsequently disputed. *

July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...

–

Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (; 3 February 183022 August 1903) was a British statesman and Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times for a total of over thirteen y ...

(

Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories, is one of the two main political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Labour Party. It is the current governing party, ...

) becomes Great Britain's 30th

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...

. *

August 13 Events Pre-1600 *29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 – Emp ...

–

Nagasaki Incident The , also known as the Nagasaki―Qing Navy Incident (長崎清国水兵事件), was an August 1886 riot involving Chinese Beiyang Fleet sailors in Nagasaki. Outline On 1 August 1886 ( Meiji 19), the Qing dynasty's Beiyang Fleet, consist ...

: Chinese troops riot during shore leave in Nagasaki, Japan. *

August 19 Events Pre-1600 *295 BC – The first temple to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges during the Third Samnite War. *43 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later know ...

– The Christian Union (Church of God) is established. *

August 20 Events Pre-1600 * AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile. * 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take con ...

– A massive

hurricane A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...

demolishes the town of

Indianola, Texas Indianola is a ghost town located on Matagorda Bay in Calhoun County, Texas, United States. The community, once the county seat of Calhoun County, is a part of the Victoria, Texas, Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1875, the city had a populati ...

. *

August 31 Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. * 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year ...

– The 7.0 Charleston earthquake affects southeastern South Carolina, with a maximum

Mercalli intensity The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...

of X (''Extreme''); 60 people are killed, and damage is estimated at $5–6 million. *

September 1 Events Pre-1600 *1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. *1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancona b ...

– Grasshopper Club Zürich is founded as the first football club in the Swiss city of

Zürich , neighboring_municipalities = Adliswil, Dübendorf, Fällanden, Kilchberg, Maur, Oberengstringen, Opfikon, Regensdorf, Rümlang, Schlieren, Stallikon, Uitikon, Urdorf, Wallisellen, Zollikon , twintowns = Kunming, San Francisco Zürich ...

by English students. *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne ove ...

–

American Indian Wars The American Indian Wars, also known as the American Frontier Wars, and the Indian Wars, were fought by European governments and colonists in North America, and later by the United States and Canadian governments and American and Canadian settle ...

: After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo surrenders, with his last band of warriors, to General

Nelson Miles Nelson Appleton Miles (August 8, 1839 – May 15, 1925) was an American military general who served in the American Civil War, the American Indian Wars, and the Spanish–American War. From 1895 to 1903, Miles served as the last Commanding Gen ...

, at

Skeleton Canyon Skeleton Canyon, called Cañon Bonita by the Mexicans, is located northeast of the town of Douglas, Arizona, in the Peloncillo Mountains, which straddle the modern Arizona and New Mexico state line, in the New Mexico Bootheel region. This ...

Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...

. *

September 9 Events Pre-1600 * 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti. *1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. * 1141 – ...

– The

Berne Convention The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, usually known as the Berne Convention, was an international assembly held in 1886 in the Swiss city of Bern by ten European countries with the goal to agree on a set of leg ...

for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is signed. *

September 21 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power. * 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders. * 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...

– American physicist William Stanley Jr. patents the first practical

alternating current Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction. Alternating current is the form in whic ...

transformer A transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits. A varying current in any coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer' ...

device, the induction coil.

October–December

October 7 Events Pre-1600 * 3761 BC – The epoch reference date (start) of the modern Hebrew calendar. * 1403 – Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Modon. * 1477 ...

– Spain abolishes

slavery in Cuba Slavery in Cuba was a portion of the larger Atlantic Slave Trade that primarily supported Spanish plantation owners engaged in the sugarcane trade. It was practised on the island of Cuba from the 16th century until it was abolished by Spanish r ...

. *

October 24 Events Pre-1600 * AD 69 – In the Second Battle of Bedriacum, troops loyal to Vespasian defeat those of Emperor Vitellius. *1260 – Chartres Cathedral is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France. * 1360 – The T ...

– The British merchant vessel ''Normanton'' sinks off the coast of Japan, triggering the Normanton incident. *

October 28 Events Pre-1600 * 97 – Roman emperor Nerva is forced by the Praetorian Guard to adopt general Marcus Ulpius Trajanus as his heir and successor. * 306 – Maxentius is proclaimed Roman emperor. * 312 – Constantine I defe ...

– In New York Harbor, U.S. President

dedicates the Statue of Liberty, a gift from France. The ensuing spontaneous celebration in New York City leads to the first

ticker tape parade A ticker-tape parade is a parade event held in an urban setting, characterized by large amounts of shredded paper thrown onto the parade route from the surrounding buildings, creating a celebratory flurry of paper. Originally, actual ticker ta ...

. * November – The extremely harsh

winter of 1886–87 in the United States Winter is the coldest season of the year in polar and temperate climates. It occurs after autumn and before spring. The tilt of Earth's axis causes seasons; winter occurs when a hemisphere is oriented away from the Sun. Different cultur ...

begins, killing tens of thousands of cattle on the Great Plains of North America. *

November 1 Events Pre-1600 *365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freisin ...

– The biggest Buddhist boys' school in Sri Lanka, Ananda College, is founded in Colombo. *

November 3 Events Pre-1600 * 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor. *1333 – The River Arno floods causing massive damage in Fl ...

– In the

British Raj The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was him ...

, what will become one of the biggest boys' schools in Pakistan, Aitchison College,

Lahore Lahore ( ; pnb, ; ur, ) is the second most populous city in Pakistan after Karachi and 26th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 13 million. It is the capital of the province of Punjab where it is the largest city ...

, is founded under the auspices of Sir

Charles Umpherston Aitchison Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison (20 May 1832 – 18 February 1896) was a Scottish colonial administrator who was Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab, then a province of British India. He founded Aitchison College, Lahore in 1886. He ...

. *

November 11 Events Pre-1600 * 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the ...

–

Heinrich Hertz Heinrich Rudolf Hertz ( ; ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism. The unit ...

verifies the existence of electromagnetic waves, at the

University of Karlsruhe The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT; german: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie) is a public research university in Karlsruhe, Germany. The institute is a national research center of the Helmholtz Association. KIT was created in 2009 w ...

. *

November 14 Events Pre-1600 1601–1900 *1680 – German astronomer Gottfried Kirch discovers the Great Comet of 1680, the first comet to be discovered by telescope. *1770 – James Bruce discovers what he believes to be the source of the Nile. ...

– German inventor

Friedrich Soennecken Friedrich Soennecken (20 September 1848 – 2 July 1919) was an entrepreneur and inventor. He was the founder of Soennecken, a German office supplier. Soennecken was born in Iserlohn-Dröschede, Sauerland in 1848, the son of a blacksmith. On ...

first develops the hole puncher, a type of office tool capable of punching small holes in paper. *

November 15 Events Pre-1600 * 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. * 1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Mo ...

– A worldwide

home appliance A home appliance, also referred to as a domestic appliance, an electric appliance or a household appliance, is a machine which assists in household functions such as cooking, cleaning and food preservation. Appliances are divided into three ...

and power tool brand, Robert Bosch GmbH was founded in

Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg (; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million inhabitants across a ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

. *

November 30 Events Pre-1600 * 978 – Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws. 1601–1900 *1707 – Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the Br ...

– The ''

Folies Bergère The Folies Bergère () is a cabaret music hall, located in Paris, France. Located at 32 Rue Richer in the 9th Arrondissement, the Folies Bergère was built as an opera house by the architect Plumeret. It opened on 2 May 1869 as the Folies Trév ...

'' stages its first revue in Paris. *

December 11 Events Pre-1600 * 220 – Emperor Xian of Han is forced to abdicate the throne by Cao Cao's son Cao Pi, ending the Han dynasty. * 361 – Julian enters Constantinople as sole Roman Emperor. * 861 – Assassination of the Abba ...

– London

Association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...

club Arsenal, founded as Dial Square by workers at the Royal Arsenal in

Woolwich Woolwich () is a district in southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The district's location on the River Thames led to its status as an important naval, military and industrial area; a role that was maintained thr ...

, play their first match (on the

Isle of Dogs The Isle of Dogs is a large peninsula bounded on three sides by a large meander in the River Thames in East London, England, which includes the Cubitt Town, Millwall and Canary Wharf districts. The area was historically part of the Manor, Ha ...

). The club is renamed Royal Arsenal soon afterwards, supposedly on

December 25 Events Pre-1600 * 36 – Forces of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han, under the command of Wu Han, conquer the separatist Chengjia empire, reuniting China. * 274 – A temple to Sol Invictus is dedicated in Rome by Emperor Aureli ...

. *

December 17 Events Pre-1600 * 497 BC – The first Saturnalia festival was celebrated in ancient Rome. * 546 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths under king Totila plunder the city, by bribing the Byzantine garrison. * 920 – Romanos I Lekap ...

– English adventurer Thomas Stevens concludes the first

circumnavigation Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth. The first recorded circumnavigation of the Earth was the Mage ...

by bicycle in

Yokohama is the second-largest city in Japan by population and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city and the most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a 2020 population of 3.8 million. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of T ...

, having set out on his penny-farthing from

San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17th ...

1884 Events January–March * January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London. * January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan's '' Princess Ida'' premières at the Savoy Theatre, London. * January 18 – Dr. William Price at ...

Date unknown

Addis Ababa Addis Ababa (; am, አዲስ አበባ, , new flower ; also known as , lit. "natural spring" in Oromo), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It is also served as major administrative center of the Oromia Region. In the 2007 census, t ...

is founded in the

Ethiopian Empire The Ethiopian Empire (), also formerly known by the exonym Abyssinia, or just simply known as Ethiopia (; Amharic and Tigrinya: ኢትዮጵያ , , Oromo: Itoophiyaa, Somali: Itoobiya, Afar: ''Itiyoophiyaa''), was an empire that histori ...

. * The village of

Skorenovac Skorenovac (Serbian language, Serbian: Скореновац; Hungarian language, Hungarian: ''Székelykeve''; German language, German: ''Skorenowatz,''; Banat Bulgarian language, Banat Bulgarian: ''Gjurgevo'') is a village located in the Kovin ...

is founded, mostly by Székely

Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...

. * Scotch whisky distiller

William Grant & Sons William Grant & Sons Ltd is an independent, family-owned Scottish company that distills Scotch whisky and other selected categories of spirits. It was established in 1887 by William Grant, and is run by Grant's descendants as of 2018. It is th ...

is founded. *

Yorkshire Tea Yorkshire Tea is a black tea Tea blending and additives, blend produced by the Bettys and Taylors of Harrogate, Bettys & Taylors Group since 1977. It is the most popular traditional black tea brand sold in the UK. In 1886 Charles Edward Taylor F ...

is established in

Harrogate Harrogate ( ) is a spa town and the administrative centre of the Borough of Harrogate in North Yorkshire, England. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the town is a tourist destination and its visitor attractions include its spa w ...

, England. * Johnson & Johnson, which becomes a multinational brand, begins manufacturing healthcare products in

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

, United States. *

Emily Ruete Emily Ruete (30 August 1844 – 29 February 1924), born in Zanzibar as Sayyida Salama bint Said (), also called Salme, was a Princess of Zanzibar and Oman. She was the youngest of the 36 children of Said bin Sultan, Sultan of the Omani Empire. She ...

publishes her landmark

memoir A memoir (; , ) is any nonfiction narrative writing based in the author's personal memories. The assertions made in the work are thus understood to be factual. While memoir has historically been defined as a subcategory of biography or autobiog ...

, ''Memoirs of an Arabian Princess: An Autobiography''. * Bedford Rugby Club is formed in England. * Horse-drawn streetcars in

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

, France, Germany and Great Britain are carrying c. 900 million riders per year. * Avon Products, a

cosmetics Cosmetics are constituted mixtures of chemical compounds derived from either natural sources, or synthetically created ones. Cosmetics have various purposes. Those designed for personal care and skin care can be used to cleanse or protect ...

and

household A household consists of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling. It may be of a single family or another type of person group. The household is the basic unit of analysis in many social, microeconomic and government models, and is i ...

brand on worldwide, founded in

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...

, United States. *Food product and Food processing, processing brand, Del Monte Foods was founded in California, United States.

Births

January–February

Aeneas Francon Williams (right, holding a hat) standing on the steps of Wolseley House, Kalimpong 1914

Oskar Kokoschka (1963) by Erling Mandelmann

* January 2 –Florence Lawrence, Canadian-born actress (d. 1938) *

–Markus Reiner, Israeli scientist (d. 1976) * January 7 –Amedeo Maiuri, Neapolitan archaeologist (d. 1963) * January 11 ** George Zucco, English–born character actor (d. 1960) ** Chester Conklin, American actor (d. 1971) * January 13 – Sophie Tucker, Russian-born singer, comedian (d. 1966) * January 14 –Hugh Lofting, English-born author (d. 1947) * January 17 –Joe Masseria, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1931) *

–Clara Nordström, German writer, translator (d. 1962) * January 25 – Wilhelm Furtwängler, German conductor (d. 1954) * January 27 – Frank Nitti, Italian-born American gangster (d.

) * January 28 ** Hidetsugu Yagi, Japanese electrical engineer (d. 1976) ** Sam McDaniel, African-American actor (d. 1962) * January 31 – Alfonso López Pumarejo, 14th and 16th President of Colombia (d. 1959) * February 2 – Frank Lloyd, English-born film director, scriptwriter and producer (d. 1960) * February 4 – Edward Sheldon, American playwright (d. 1946) * February 7 – Yehezkel Abramsky, eminent Russian-born rabbi, head of the London Beth Din for 17 years (d. 1976) *

– Charles Ruggles, American actor (d. 1970) * February 9 – Edwin Maxwell (actor), Edwin Maxwell, Irish actor (d. 1948) * February 12 – Margarita Fischer, American silent film actress (d. 1975) * February 17 – Aeneas Francon Williams, English-born missionary, Church of Scotland minister, writer and poet (d. 1971) * February 19 – José Abad Santos, Filipino jurist, lawyer (d. 1942) * February 22 – Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian artist and poet (d. 1980) * February 27 – Hugo Black, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1971)

March–April

Bundesarchiv Bild 183-E05367A, Johann von Daranyi

* March 2 ** Willis H. O'Brien, American stop motion animator (d. 1962) ** Vittorio Pozzo, Italian football player and manager (d. 1968) ** Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg, German general (d. 1974) *

– Tore Ørjasæter, Norwegian poet (d. 1968) * March 4 – Kazimierz Świtalski, Polish diplomat, politician, soldier and military officer, 18th Prime Minister of Poland (d. 1962) * March 6 ** Saburō Kurusu, Japanese diplomat (d. 1954) ** Ola Solberg, Norwegian newspaper editor, politician (d. 1977) ** Nella Walker, American actress, vaudevillian (d. 1971) * March 7 **Virginia Pearson, American silent film actress (d. 1958) **Jacques Majorelle, French painter (d. 1962) * March 8 – Edward Calvin Kendall, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1972) * March 9 – Robert L. Eichelberger, American general (d. 1961) * March 11 – Edward Rydz-Śmigły, Polish politician, Marshal of Poland (d. 1941) * March 15 – Sergey Kirov, Soviet revolutionary (d. 1934) * March 18 ** Edward Everett Horton, American actor (d. 1970) ** Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, German U-boat ace (d. 1941) * March 19 – Giuseppe Mario Bellanca, Giuseppe Bellanca, Italian-born American airplane designer, manufacturer (d. 1960) * March 20 – Murder of Grace Brown, Grace Brown, American murder victim whose story became a famous court case (d. 1906) * March 22 – Kálmán Darányi, 31st Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1939) * March 24 – Edward Weston, American photographer (d. 1958) * March 25 – Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople (d. 1972) * March 27 ** Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, German architect (d. 1969) ** Wladimir Burliuk, Ukrainian artist (d. 1917) * April 2 – Reginald Barker, American film director (d. 1945) * April 4 – William R. Munroe, American admiral (d. 1966) * April 8 – Margaret Ayer Barnes, American playwright, novelist, and short-story writer (d. 1967) * April 5 – Gustavo Jiménez, President of Peru (d. 1933) * April 14 – Ernst Robert Curtius, Alsatian philologist (d. 1956) * April 15 – Tadeusz Kutrzeba, Polish general (d. 1947) * April 16 ** Ernst Thälmann, German Communist Leader (d. 1944) ** Margaret Woodrow Wilson, American singer; Woodrow Wilson, Presidential daughter (d. 1944) * April 21 – Gheorghe Cialâk, Romanian general (d. 1977) *

** Marie Brémont, French supercentenarian, last surviving person born in 1886 (d. 2001) ** Vasile Atanasiu, Romanian general (d. 1964) * April 26 – Ma Rainey, American singer (d. 1939) * April 30 – Dick Elliott, American actor (d. 1961)

May–June

* May 2 – Gottfried Benn, German poet (d. 1956) * May 3 – Marcel Dupré, French composer (d. 1971) *

– Aubrey Abbott, Australian politician and administrator of the Northern Territory (d. 1975) * May 10 ** Karl Barth, Swiss Protestant theologian (d. 1968) ** Felix Ysagun Manalo, first Executive Minister (''Tagapamahalang Pangkalahatan'') of the ''Iglesia ni Cristo'' (d. 1963) ** Olaf Stapledon, British author, philosopher (d. 1950) *

– King Alfonso XIII of Spain (d. 1941) * May 18 – Ture Nerman, Swedish communist leader (d. 1969) * May 20 – John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever, British businessman (d. 1971) * May 26 – Al Jolson, American entertainer (d. 1950) *

– Grover Whalen, American politician (d. 1962) *

– Benjamin McCandlish, Governor of Guam (d. 1975) * June 6 – William A. Glassford, American admiral (d. 1958) * June 7 – Henri Coandă, Romanian aerodynamics pioneer (d. 1972) * June 9 – Kosaku Yamada, Japanese composer, conductor (d. 1965) * June 18 – George Mallory, English climber (d. 1924) * June 21 – William Ibbett, English submariner (d. 1975) * June 23 – Olaf M. Hustvedt, American admiral (d. 1978) * June 24 ** Ion Gigurtu, 42nd Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1959) ** George Shiels, Northern Irish dramatist (d. 1949) *

** Alimihan Seyiti, Chinese supercentenarian ** Henry H. Arnold, Henry "Hap" Arnold, American general, aviation pioneer (d. 1950) * June 27 ** Sally Crute, American actress (d. 1971) ** Carroll McComas, American actress (d. 1962) * June 28 – Hitoshi Imamura, Japanese general (d. 1968) * June 29 ** Robert C. Giffen, American admiral (d. 1962) ** Robert Schuman, German-French politician, a Founding fathers of the European Union, founding father of the European Union (d. 1963)

July–August

** Giovanni Battista Caproni, Italian aeronautical, civil, and electrical engineer, aircraft designer, and industrialist (d. 1957) ** Raymond A. Spruance, American admiral, ambassador (d. 1969) * July 5 ** Willem Drees, Dutch politician, prime minister, and centenarian (d. 1988) ** Oskar Leimgruber, Swiss politician (d. 1976) * July 6 – Lou Skuce, Canadian cartoonist (d. 1951) * July 12 – Jean Hersholt, Danish-born actor (d. 1956) * July 15 **Arthur L. Bristol, American admiral (d. 1942) **William Edmunds (actor), William Edmunds, Italian stage, screen character actor (d. 1981) * July 16 – Frank Hastings Griffin, American engineer (d. 1974) * July 18 – Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., American general (d. 1945) * July 19 ** Edward Sloman, English silent film director, actor, screenwriter and radio broadcaster (d. 1972) ** Michael Fekete, Hungarian-born Israeli mathematician (d. 1957) * July 21 – Masaomi Yasuoka, Japanese general (d. 1948) *

– Walter H. Schottky, German physicist (d. 1976) * July 24 – Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Japanese writer (d. 1965) *

– Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Danish big-game hunter (d. 1946) * July 31 – Fred Quimby, American film producer (d. 1965) * August 2 – John Alexander Douglas McCurdy, John A.D. McCurdy, Canadian aviation pioneer, Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (d. 1961) * August 6 – Inez Milholland, American suffragist, labor lawyer, World War I correspondent and public speaker (d. 1916) * August 12 – Campbell Tait, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d. 1946) *

– Paul Tillich, German-American Christian existentialist philosopher, theologian (d. 1965) * August 26 – Ceferino Namuncurá, Argentine Roman Catholic lay brother and blessed (d. 1905) * August 27 ** Nicolette Bruining, Dutch theologian, humanitarian (d. 1963) ** Rebecca Helferich Clarke, English composer, violist (d. 1979) ** Eric Coates, English composer (d. 1957) * August 28 – Andrew Higgins, American boatbuilder, industrialist (d. 1952)

September–October

** Tarsila do Amaral, Brazilian painter, considered to be one of the leading Latin American modernist artists (d. 1973) ** Othmar Schoeck, Swiss composer (d. 1957) *

– Albert Orsborn, the 6th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1967) * September 5 – Nell Brinkley, American illustrator, comic artist (d. 1944) * September 8 – Siegfried Sassoon, British poet (d. 1967) * September 11 – John H. Hester, American general (d. 1976) * September 13 – Robert Robinson (organic chemist), Robert Robinson, British chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975) * September 14 – Jan Masaryk, Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia (d. 1948) * September 16 – Jean Arp, Alsatian sculptor, painter, and poet (d. 1966) * September 20 **Charles Williams (UK writer), Charles Williams, British author (d. 1945) **John Murray Anderson, American actor, dancer, theatre director (d. 1954) * September 24 ** Roberto María Ortiz, President of Argentina (d. 1942) ** Edward Bach, English metaphysician, homeopath (d. 1936) * September 25 – Nobutake Kondō, Japanese admiral (d. 1953) * September 26 – Archibald Hill, English physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1977) * September 28 – Alice Hollister, American silent film actress (d. 1973) * October 2 – Jisaburō Ozawa, Japanese admiral (d. 1966) * October 3 – Alain-Fournier, Henri Alban-Fournier, French author of ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' (d. 1914) * October 6 – Edwin Fischer, Swiss pianist, conductor (d. 1960) * October 11 – Conrad Helfrich, Dutch admiral (d. 1962) * October 15 – Jonas H. Ingram, American admiral (d. 1952) * October 16 – David Ben-Gurion, first Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1973) * October 17 **Andrej Bicenko, Russian fresco painter, muralist (d. 1985) **Spring Byington, American actress (d. 1971) * October 22 – Oscar Griswold, American general (d. 1959) * October 30 – Zoë Akins, American playwright, poet, and author (d. 1958)

November–December

**Gheorghe Băgulescu, Romanian general and diplomat (d. 1963) **Hermann Broch, Austrian author (d. 1951) * November 2 – Gheorghe Tătărescu, 2-time prime minister of Romania (d. 1957) * November 6 – André Marty, French Communist Party leader (d. 1956) * November 9 ** Edward Lindberg, American Olympic athlete (d. 1978) ** Ed Wynn, American actor (d. 1966) * November 10 – Walden L. Ainsworth, Walden L. "Pug" Ainsworth, American admiral (d. 1960) *

– Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, 11th Prime Minister of Iraq (d. 1969) * November 12 – Alfonso de Orleans y Borbón, Spanish prince, military aviator (d. 1975) *

– René Guénon, French-Egyptian author (d. 1951) * November 17 – Walter Terence Stace, British philosopher (d. 1967) * November 18 – Ferenc Münnich, 47th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1967) * November 20 – Karl von Frisch, Austrian zoologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1982) * November 26 – Margaret Caroline Anderson, American publisher, editor (d. 1973) * December 3 – Manne Siegbahn, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1978) * December 5 – Rose Wilder Lane, American author (d. 1968) * December 8 – Diego Rivera, Mexican painter (d. 1957) * December 10 – Victor McLaglen, English actor, boxer (d. 1959) * December 12 – Owen Moore, Irish actor (d. 1939) * December 18 ** Heisuke Abe, Japanese general (d.

) ** Ty Cobb, American baseball player and a member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Baseball Hall of Fame (d. 1961) * December 19 – Charles M. Cooke Jr., American admiral (d. 1970) *

**Gotthard Heinrici, German general (d. 1971) **Kid Ory, American jazz musician (d. 1973) * December 26 – Gyula Gömbös, 30th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1936) * December 30 – Austin Osman Spare, English artist, magician (d. 1956)

Date unknown

* Khaled Chehab, 2-Time Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 1978) * Émile Eddé, 4th Prime Minister and 3rd President of Lebanon (d. 1949) * Abdur Rahim Khan (governor), Abdur Rahim Khan, Afghan governor of Herat (d. unknown)

Deaths

January–June

* January 16 – Amilcare Ponchielli, Italian composer (b. 1834) *

– Baldassare Verazzi, Italian painter (b. 1819) * January 26 – David Rice Atchison, American politician (b. 1807) * February 9 – Winfield Scott Hancock, Union general of the American Civil War, Democratic political candidate (b. 1824) * February 10 – Laura Don, American actress (b. 1852) * February 12 – Horatio Seymour, List of Governors of New York, 18th Governor of New York, 1868 United States presidential election, 1868 Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party presidential nominee (b. 1810) * February 15 – Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell, British politician (b. 1813) * February 18 – Dave Rudabaugh, American outlaw, gunfighter (b. 1854) * February 24 – Hugh Stowell Brown, Manx people, Manx preacher (b. 1823) * March 9 – William S. Clark, American chemist (b. 1826) *

– Pierre-Jules Hetzel, French editor, publisher (b. 1814) * April 9 – Joseph Victor von Scheffel, German poet (b. 1826) * April 16 – Andrew Nicholl, Northern Irish painter (b. 1804) * April 20 – Louis Melsens, Belgian chemist and physicist (b. 1814) * April 27 – Henry Hobson Richardson, American architect (b. 1838) * May 9 – Facundo Bacardí, Cuban rum manufacturer (b. 1814) *

– Emily Dickinson, American poet (b. 1830) *

– John Deere (inventor), John Deere, American inventor (b. 1804) * May 23 – Leopold von Ranke, German historian (b. 1795) *

** Bernhard von Gudden, German neuroanatomist and psychiatrist (b. 1824) ** King

(b. 1845) * June 19 – Sir Charles Trevelyan, British civil servant and colonial administrator (b. 1807) * June 21 – Daniel Dunglas Home, Scottish medium (b. 1833)

July–December

* July 1 – Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich, German geologist (b. 1806) * July 4 ** Poundmaker, Aboriginal Canadian leader (b. c. 1842) ** Prince Arisugawa Takahito, Japanese Prince (b. 1813) * July 16 – Ned Buntline (Edward Zane Carroll Judson Sr.), American publisher, dime novelist and publicist (b. 1821) *

– Eliza Lynch, First Lady of Paraguay (b. 1833) * July 31 – Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist, composer (b. 1811) * August 4 – Samuel J. Tilden, List of Governors of New York, 25th Governor of New York, 1876 United States presidential election, 1876 Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party presidential nominee (b. 1814) * August 9 ** Samuel Ferguson, Sir Samuel Ferguson, Northern Irish poet, artist (b. 1810) ** Bill Smith (outfielder), Bill Smith, Major League Baseball player (b. 1865) * August 11 – Lydia Koidula, Estonian poet (b. 1843) * August 16 – Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Indian spiritual figure (b. 1836) * August 30 – Ferris Jacobs Jr., American politician (b. 1836) * September 3 – William W. Snow, American politician (b. 1812) *

– Benjamin F. Cheatham, Confederate general (b. 1820) * September 14 – Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard, American land speculator (b. 1802) * September 25 – Hannah T. King, British-born American writer and pioneer (b. 1808) * October 6 – Edward William Godwin, English architect (b. 1833) * October 8 – Austin F. Pike, American politician from New Hampshire (b. 1819) * October 9 – Jean-Jacques Uhrich, French general (b. 1802) * November 4 – James Martin (premier), Sir James Martin, 4th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1820) Chester Alan Arthur

* November 18 – Chester A. Arthur, 21st

(b. 1829) * November 20 – William Bliss Baker, American painter (b. 1859) * November 21 – Charles Francis Adams Sr., American historical editor, politician and diplomat (b. 1807) * December 8 ** Isaac Lea, American conchologist, geologist and publisher (b. 1792) ** William Fraser Tolmie, Scottish-Canadian scientist, politician (b. 1812) * December 26 – John A. Logan, American soldier, political leader (b. 1826)

Date unknown

* Harriet Bates, American author (b. 1856)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1886 1886,