January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...

Roselle, New Jersey Roselle (, ) is a borough located in Union County in the U.S. state of New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States census, the borough's population was 21,085,Thomas Edison. *

February February is the second month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years or 29 in leap years, with the 29th day being called the ''leap day''. It is the first of five months not to have 31 days (th ...

– '' The Adventures of Pinocchio'' by Carlo Collodi is first published complete in book form, in Italy. *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– Tokyo Electrical Lightning Grid, predecessor of Tokyo Electrical Power ( TEPCO), one of the largest

electrical grid An electrical grid is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids vary in size and can cover whole countries or continents. It consists of:Kaplan, S. M. (2009). Smart Grid. Electrical Power ...

s in Asia and the world, is founded in Japan. * February 16 – The ''

Ladies' Home Journal ''Ladies' Home Journal'' was an American magazine last published by the Meredith Corporation. It was first published on February 16, 1883, and eventually became one of the leading women's magazines of the 20th century in the United States. In 18 ...

'' is published for the first time, in the United States. *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...

– Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an antitrust law. *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

– The first vaudeville theater is opened, in Boston, Massachusetts. * March 2 – The Hong Kong Observatory is established. * March 20 – The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is held. * March 28 – Battle of Gia Cuc: A French force defeats the Vietnamese in northern Vietnam in the run-up to the

Sino-French War The Sino-French War (, french: Guerre franco-chinoise, vi, Chiến tranh Pháp-Thanh), also known as the Tonkin War and Tonquin War, was a limited conflict fought from August 1884 to April 1885. There was no declaration of war. The Chinese arm ...

.

April–June

*

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

– Oxygen is liquefied for the first time. * April 28 – The first rugby sevens tournament is played at Melrose RFC in Scotland. * May 23 – Robert Louis Stevenson's children's pirate adventure novel '' Treasure Island'' is first published in book format, in London. *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

–

Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/ suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing of the East River ...

is opened to traffic in New York City, after 13 years of construction. *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

– A rumor that the

Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/ suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing of the East River ...

is going to collapse causes a stampede, which crushes 12 people. * June 13 – Count

Arvid Posse Count Arvid Rutger Fredriksson Posse (15 February 1820 – 24 April 1901) was the prime minister of Sweden from 1880 to 1883. Family background and education Posse was born at Rosendal manor in Malmöhus County, as the son of Governor Count Fred ...

leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden. He is succeeded by

Carl Johan Thyselius Carl Johan Thyselius (8 June 1811 – 11 January 1891) was a politician, state official, Justice of the Supreme Court of Sweden 1856–1860, "Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs" (comparable to Minister of Education, sv, utbildningsminister) 18 ...

, the first non-aristocrat (Swedish ; "''ofrälse''") to serve as Swedish head of government, and Prime Minister. * June 16 – Victoria Hall disaster: A rush for treats results in 183 children being asphyxiated in a concert hall in

Sunderland Sunderland () is a port city in Tyne and Wear, England. It is the City of Sunderland's administrative centre and in the Historic counties of England, historic county of County of Durham, Durham. The city is from Newcastle-upon-Tyne and is on t ...

, England. *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. * 1461 – ...

– In Milan, Italy, the first central European electricity power station is inaugurated. * June 30 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novel '' The Black Arrow'' first appears as a serial in the British magazine '' Young Folks; A Boys' and Girls' Paper of Instructive and Entertaining Literature'' as by 'Captain George North'. Stevenson completes writing it at the end of the

summer Summer is the hottest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, the earliest sunrise and latest sunset occurs, daylight hours are longest and dark hours are shortest, wit ...

in France.

July–September

* July 3 – The SS ''Daphne'' sinks on launch in Glasgow, Scotland, leaving 124 dead. * July 4 – The world's first

rodeo Rodeo () is a competitive equestrian sport that arose out of the working practices of cattle herding in Spain and Mexico, expanding throughout the Americas and to other nations. It was originally based on the skills required of the working va ...

is held in Pecos, Texas. * July 22 – Zulu King Cetshwayo barely escapes a rebel attack with his life. * August –

King William's College King William's College (nicknamed KWC or King Bill's; gv, Colleish Ree Illiam) is an independent school for pupils aged 3 to 18, located near Castletown on the Isle of Man. It is a member of the International Baccalaureate and Headmasters' and ...

is opened on the Isle of Man. * August 12 – The last quagga dies at the

Artis Magistra zoo Artis may refer to: People Surname * Dominic Artis (born 1993), American basketball player * Jamareo Artis (born 1989), American bass guitarist * Jamel Artis (born 1993), American basketball player * Orsten Artis (1943–2017), American basketb ...

in Amsterdam. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

–

1883 Rochester tornado Events January–March * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * Janua ...

: An F5 tornado strikes

Rochester, Minnesota Rochester is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Olmsted County. Located on rolling bluffs on the Zumbro River's south fork in Southeast Minnesota, the city is the home and birthplace of the renowned Mayo Clinic. Acco ...

, leading to the creation of the

Mayo Clinic The Mayo Clinic () is a nonprofit American academic medical center focused on integrated health care, education, and research. It employs over 4,500 physicians and scientists, along with another 58,400 administrative and allied health staff, ...

. * August 26– 27 –

1883 eruption of Krakatoa The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa ( id, Letusan Krakatau 1883) in the Sunda Strait occurred from 20 May until 21 October 1883, peaking in the late morning hours of 27 August when over 70% of the island of Krakatoa and its surrounding archipelago w ...

: The volcanic island of Krakatoa erupts at 10:02 AM (local time); 163 villages are destroyed, 36,417 killed by tsunami. * August 29 –

Dunfermline Carnegie Library Dunfermline (; sco, Dunfaurlin, gd, Dùn Phàrlain) is a city, parish and former Royal Burgh, in Fife, Scotland, on high ground from the northern shore of the Firth of Forth. The city currently has an estimated population of 58,508. Accord ...

, the first Carnegie library, is opened in Andrew Carnegie's hometown,

Dunfermline Dunfermline (; sco, Dunfaurlin, gd, Dùn Phàrlain) is a city, parish and former Royal Burgh, in Fife, Scotland, on high ground from the northern shore of the Firth of Forth. The city currently has an estimated population of 58,508. Accord ...

, Scotland. *

September 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. * 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...

– Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical ''

Supremi apostolatus officio ''Supremi apostolatus officio'' (''The Supreme Apostolic Office''), commonly referred to as "On Devotion of the Rosary", is the first of a number of encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII on the Rosary. It was issued on September 1, 1883, encouraging the p ...

'' ("On Devotion of the Rosary"). * September 11 – Major Evelyn Baring becomes Consul-General of Egypt under British rule. *

September 15 Events Pre-1600 * 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes. *1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by ...

** The Bombay Natural History Society is founded in India. ** The University of Texas at Austin opens to students. * September 29 – A consortium of flour mill operators in Minneapolis forms the

Minneapolis, Sault Ste. Marie and Atlantic Railway The Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad (MStP&SSM) was a Class I railroad subsidiary of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the Midwestern United States. Commonly known since its opening in 1884 as the Soo Line after the phonetic spe ...

, as a means to get their product to the Great Lakes ports, avoiding the high tariffs of Chicago.

October–December

* October 1 ** Sydney Boys High School is founded in Sydney, Australia, the first boys' public school. ** In Amsterdam, the first

International Colonial and Export Exhibition The International Colonial and Export Exhibition (Dutch: ''Internationale Koloniale en Uitvoerhandel Tentoonstelling''; French: ''Exposition Universelle Coloniale et d'Exportation Générale'') was a colonial exhibition (a type of World's Fair) ...

closes, having had over 1 million visitors. * October 4 ** The Boys' Brigade (the first uniformed youth organization in existence) is founded in Glasgow, Scotland. ** The Orient Express train begins to run through from

Paris Gare de l'Est The Gare de l'Est (; English: "Station of the East" or "East station"), officially Paris-Est, is one of the six large mainline railway station termini in Paris, France. It is located in the 10th arrondissement, not far southeast from the Gare ...

to

Giurgiu Giurgiu (; bg, Гюргево) is a city in southern Romania. The seat of Giurgiu County, it lies in the historical region of Muntenia. It is situated amongst mud-flats and marshes on the left bank of the Danube facing the Bulgarian city ...

in Romania, with onward ferry and train connections to Istanbul (the train has been running since

June 5 Events Pre-1600 *1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights. *1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...

as far as Vienna). *

October 15 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later. * 1211 ...

– The

Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...

declares part of the

Civil Rights Act of 1875 The Civil Rights Act of 1875, sometimes called the Enforcement Act or the Force Act, was a United States federal law enacted during the Reconstruction era in response to civil rights violations against African Americans. The bill was passed by the ...

to be unconstitutional, allowing individuals and corporations to discriminate based on race. * October 20 – Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón, by which the

Tarapacá San Lorenzo de Tarapacá, also known simply as Tarapacá, is a town in the region of the same name in Chile. History The town has likely been inhabited since the 12th century, when it formed part of the Inca trail. When Spanish explorer Diego d ...

province is ceded to Chile, ending Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific. * October 22 – The

Mödling and Hinterbrühl Tram Mödling and Hinterbrühl Tram or ''Mödling and Hinterbrühl Local Railway'' (German: ''Lokalbahn Mödling–Hinterbrühl'') was an electric tramway in Austria, running 4.5 km (2.8 mi) from Mödling to Hinterbrühl, in the southwest ...

in Vienna (Austria) is the first

electric tram A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...

powered by overhead wire. * October 24 –

Cardiff University , latin_name = , image_name = Shield of the University of Cardiff.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of arms of Cardiff University , motto = cy, Gwirionedd, Undod a Chytgord , mottoeng = Truth, Unity and Concord , established = 1 ...

, Wales, opens (under the name of University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire). * October 30 – Two Clan na Gael

dynamite Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and Stabilizer (chemistry), stabilizers. It was invented by the Swedish people, Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Geesthacht, Northern Germa ...

bombs explode in the London Underground, injuring several people. The next day, British Home Secretary

Vernon Harcourt Vernon-Harcourt is a surname: *Augustus George Vernon Harcourt (1834–1919), English chemist *Edward Vernon Harcourt (1825–1891), English politician and naturalist * George Vernon Harcourt (1874–1934), Ontario politician * Leveson Francis Vern ...

drafts 300 policemen to guard the underground, and introduces the Explosives Bill. * November 3 ** The 14th Century AH begins in the Islamic calendar on the 1st of Muharram, 1301 AH. **

American Old West The American frontier, also known as the Old West or the Wild West, encompasses the geography, history, folklore, and culture associated with the forward wave of American expansion in mainland North America that began with European colonial ...

: Self-described '' Black Bart the Po-8'' makes his last

stagecoach A stagecoach is a four-wheeled public transport coach used to carry paying passengers and light packages on journeys long enough to need a change of horses. It is strongly sprung and generally drawn by four horses although some versions are draw ...

robbery, but leaves a handkerchief with a laundry mark that eventually leads to his capture. * November 14 – Chile's National Library of Congress is founded. * November 18 – U.S. and Canadian railroads institute 5 standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times. * November 28 – Whitman College is chartered as a 4-year college in Walla Walla, Washington. * December 1 – Battleford Industrial School, the first government-operated

Indian residential school In Canada, the Indian residential school system was a network of boarding schools for Indigenous peoples. The network was funded by the Canadian government's Department of Indian Affairs and administered by Christian churches. The school sys ...

opens in Canada. * December 5 – Bisbee Massacre: Five people are killed in the robbery of a general store by bandits in Bisbee, Arizona. *

December 16 Events Pre-1600 * 714 – Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald, while his widow Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom. * 755 ...

– Tonkin Campaign: French forces capture the

Sơn Tây ''Toxicodendron succedaneum'', the wax tree, Japanese Hazenoki tree (Sumac or wax tree), sơn in Vietnam or charão in Portuguese, is a flowering plant species in the genus ''Toxicodendron'' found in Asia, although it has been planted elsewhere, ...

citadel. * December 21 – The Royal Canadian Dragoons and The Royal Canadian Regiment, the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army, are formed.

Date unknown

* German bacteriologist

Robert Koch Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch ( , ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist. As the discoverer of the specific causative agents of deadly infectious diseases including tuberculosis, cholera (though the Vibrio ...

discovers the

cholera Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting and ...

bacillus. *

Antoni Gaudí Antoni Gaudí i Cornet (; ; 25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926) was a Catalan architect from Spain known as the greatest exponent of Catalan Modernism. Gaudí's works have a highly individualized, ''sui generis'' style. Most are located in Barcel ...

begins to work on the Sagrada Família Cathedral in Barcelona (it will be

consecrated Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service. The word ''consecration'' literally means "association with the sacred". Persons, places, or things can be consecrated, and the term is used in various ways by different grou ...

in

2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...

). * Construction of Speicherstadt as a free zone in the

Port of Hamburg The Port of Hamburg (german: Hamburger Hafen, ) is a seaport on the river Elbe in Hamburg, Germany, from its mouth on the North Sea. Known as Germany's "Gateway to the World" (''Tor zur Welt''), it is the country's largest seaport by volume ...

begins. * During construction of the

Canadian Pacific Railway The Canadian Pacific Railway (french: Chemin de fer Canadien Pacifique) , also known simply as CPR or Canadian Pacific and formerly as CP Rail (1968–1996), is a Canadian Class I railway incorporated in 1881. The railway is owned by Canadi ...

in 1883, blasting and excavation reveal high concentrations of nickel– copper ore at Murray Mine, on the edge of the

Sudbury Basin The Sudbury Basin (), also known as Sudbury Structure or the Sudbury Nickel Irruptive, is a major geological structure in Ontario, Canada. It is the third-largest known impact crater or astrobleme on Earth, as well as one of the oldest. The cra ...

, located near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. *

Otto von Bismarck Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (, ; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was a conservative German statesman and diplomat. From his origins in the upper class of J ...

pushes the first social security law through the Reichstag. * The British Parliament considers a major bill to allow Indian judges to try Europeans in India. The British community rises in protest, and defeats the measure. * The Mexican government passes a law allowing real estate companies (controlled by General

Porfirio Díaz José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; ; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), known as Porfirio Díaz, was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 28 November 1876 to 6 Decem ...

's political associates) to survey public and "vacant" lands, and to retain one third of the land they survey. * Bernard Kroger establishes the first Kroger grocery store, in Cincinnati, Ohio. * The first purebred

Percheron The Percheron is a breed of draft horse that originated in the Huisne river valley in western France, part of the former Perche province from which the breed takes its name. Usually gray or black in color, Percherons are well muscled, and k ...

(horse) stud book is created in France. * ASEA is founded by Ludvig Fredholm in

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

, predecessor of the global electronic equipment and engineering business ABB Group. * Founding of: ** Houghton College in New York State ** Wagner College in New York City ** Baltimore Polytechnic Institute in Maryland **

Raith Rovers F.C. Raith Rovers Football Club is a Scottish professional football club based in the town of Kirkcaldy, Fife. The club was founded in 1883 and currently competes in the Scottish Championship as a member of the Scottish Professional Football L ...

in Scotland ** The Black Arabs F.C (later Bristol Rovers) in England **

Dunstable Town F.C. Dunstable Town Football Club is a football club based in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, England. Affiliated with the Bedfordshire County Football Association, they are currently members of the and play at Creasey Park. History The club was estab ...

in England

Births

January–February

* January 1 – Ichirō Hatoyama, Prime Minister of Japan (d.

1959 Events January * January 1 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance. * January 2 - Lunar probe Luna 1 was the first man-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reached the vicinity of E ...

) *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

–

Clement Attlee Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, (3 January 18838 October 1967) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. He was Deputy Prime Mini ...

, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.

1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...

) *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

–

Johanna Westerdijk Johanna Westerdijk (; 4 January 1883 – 15 November 1961) was a Dutch plant pathologist and the first female professor in the Netherlands. Early life Johanna Westerdijk, called "Hans" () by friends, was born on 4 January 1883 in Nieuwer-Amste ...

, Dutch plant pathologist (d.

1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 ...

) * January 5 – Döme Sztójay, Prime Minister of Hungary (d.

1946 Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into f ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

– Kahlil Gibran, Lebanese poet, painter and novelist (d.

1931 Events January * January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics. * January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa. * January 22 – Sir I ...

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

**

Francis X. Bushman Francis Xavier Bushman (January 10, 1883 – August 23, 1966) was an American film actor and director. His career as a matinee idol started in 1911 in the silent film ''His Friend's Wife.'' He gained a large female following and was one of the ...

, American screen actor (d.

1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...

) ** Hubert Latham, pioneer French aviator of the pre- World War I era (d.

1912 Events January * January 1 – The Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China is established. * January 5 – The Prague Conference (6th All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) opens. * January 6 ...

) ** Florence Reed, American actress (d.

1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...

) ** Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoy, Russian writer (d. 1945) * January 19 – Waite Phillips, American businessman, philanthropist (d. 1964) * January 20 ** Enoch L. Johnson, American political boss, racketeer (d. 1968) ** Bertram Ramsay, British admiral (d. 1945) * February 8 – Joseph Schumpeter, Austrian economist (d. 1950) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– Sax Rohmer, English author (d.

1959 Events January * January 1 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance. * January 2 - Lunar probe Luna 1 was the first man-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reached the vicinity of E ...

) * February 16 **Elizabeth Craig (writer), Elizabeth Craig, British writer (d. 1980) **Koshirō Oikawa, Japanese admiral (d. 1958) * February 22 ** Abe Attell, American boxer (d. 1970) ** Marguerite Clark, American silent film actress (d. 1940) *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...

– Karl Jaspers, German philosopher (d. 1969) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

– Gheorghe Argeșanu, Romanian general and politician, 40th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1940)

March–April

* March 2 – Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek writer (d. 1957) * March 3 ** Cyril Burt, British educational psychologist (d. 1971) ** Edwin Carewe, Native American director (d. 1940) * March 4 ** Sam Langford, Canadian boxer (d. 1956) ** Maude Fealy, American actress (d. 1971) * March 7 – Michael Somogyi, Hungarian-American biochemist (d. 1971) * March 19 ** Norman Haworth, British chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950) ** Joseph Stilwell, American general (d.

1946 Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into f ...

) * March 24 – Dorothy Campbell, Scottish golfer (d. 1945) * April 1 **Laurette Taylor, American actress (d.

1946 Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into f ...

) **Lon Chaney, American actor (d. 1930) * April 3 – Henry Diesen, Norwegian admiral (d. 1953) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

– Walter Huston, Canadian-born American actor (d. 1950) * April 11 – Leonard Mudie, English actor (d. 1965) * April 12 – Dally Messenger, Australian rugby league player (d.

1959 Events January * January 1 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance. * January 2 - Lunar probe Luna 1 was the first man-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reached the vicinity of E ...

) * April 15 – Stanley Bruce, 8th Prime Minister of Australia (d.

1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...

) * April 25 – Semyon Budyonny, Cossack cavalryman, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1973) * April 27 – Hubert Harrison, African-American writer, critic, and activist (d. 1927) * April 30 – Jaroslav Hašek, Czech writer (d. 1923)

May–June

* May 1 – Thomas J. Moore, Tom Moore, Irish-American actor (d. 1955) * May 5 ** Eleazar López Contreras, 32nd President of Venezuela (d. 1973) ** Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, British field marshal (d. 1950) * May 9 – José Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher (d. 1955) * May 10 – Eugen Leviné, Communist leader of the Munich Soviet Republic (d. 1919) * May 16 ** Celâl Bayar, Turkish politician, statesman, 3rd President of Turkey (d. 1986) ** Solomone Ula Ata, Prime Minister of Tonga (d. 1950) * May 18 ** Walter Gropius, German architect (d. 1969) ** Hasui Kawase, Japanese painter, printmaker (d. 1957) ** Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Brazilian marshal, 16th President of Brazil (d. 1974) * May 23 – Douglas Fairbanks, American actor (d. 1939) *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

– Elsa Maxwell, American gossip columnist, international party giver (d. 1963) * May 25 – Lesley J. McNair, American general (d. 1944) * May 27 – Jessie Arms Botke, American artist (d. 1971) * May 28 – Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Indian pro-independence activist, Hindu nationalist (d.

1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...

) * May 31 – Lauri Kristian Relander, President of Finland (d. 1942) *

June 5 Events Pre-1600 *1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights. *1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...

** John Maynard Keynes, English economist (d.

1946 Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into f ...

) ** Mary Helen Young, Scottish nurse and resistance fighter during World War II (died 1945) * June 7 – Sylvanus Morley, American scholar, World War I spy (d. 1948) * June 11 – Aubrey Fitch, American admiral (d. 1978) * June 18 – Mary Alden, American stage, screen actress (d.

1946 Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into f ...

) * June 20 – Royal E. Ingersoll, American admiral (d. 1976) * June 24 – Victor Francis Hess, Austrian-born American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964) *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. * 1461 – ...

– Pierre Laval, Prime Minister of France (d. 1945) * June 29 – Lothrop Stoddard, American Eugenics, eugenicist, radical scientific racist (d. 1950)

July–August

* July 1 – István Friedrich, 24th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1951) * July 3 – Franz Kafka, Austrian writer (d. 1924) * July 4 – Rube Goldberg, American cartoonist (d. 1970) * July 6 – Godfrey Huggins, English-born Rhodesian politician and physician, Prime Minister of Rhodesia (d. 1971) * July 10 – Johannes Blaskowitz, German general (d. 1948) * July 16 – Charles Sheeler, American photographer, artist (d. 1965) * July 19 ** Max Fleischer, Austrian animator, film producer (Betty Boop) (d. 1972) ** Beatrice Forbes, Countess of Granard, American-born heiress (d. 1972) * July 20 – Catherine Bramwell-Booth, English Salvation Army officer (d. 1987) * July 23 **Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, British field marshal (d. 1963) ** Oscar Westover, United States Army Air Corps general (d. 1938) * July 25 – Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (d. 1947) * July 26 – Edwin Balmer, American science fiction, mystery writer (d.

1959 Events January * January 1 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance. * January 2 - Lunar probe Luna 1 was the first man-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reached the vicinity of E ...

) * July 29 ** Henry Robertson Bowers, Scottish polar explorer (d.

1912 Events January * January 1 – The Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China is established. * January 5 – The Prague Conference (6th All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) opens. * January 6 ...

) ** Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy (d. 1945) * July 31 – Ramón Fonst, Cuban fencer (d. 1959) * August 2 – Aurelio Mosquera, Ecuadorian politician, 25th President of Ecuador (d. 1939) * August 6 – Scott Nearing, American political activist, economist, and simple living advocate (d. 1983) * August 9 – Chester Gillette, American murderer (execution) (d. 1908) * August 12 **Pauline Frederick, American stage, screen actress (d. 1938) **Marion Lorne, American film, stage and television actress (d. 1968) * August 15 – Ivan Meštrović, Croatian sculptor and architect (d. 1962) * August 19 ** Coco Chanel, French fashion designer (d. 1971) ** Elsie Ferguson, American actress (d.

1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 ...

) ** José Mendes Cabeçadas, 9th President of Portugal and 94th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1965) ** Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp, 24th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1954) * August 23 ** Jesse Pennington, English footballer (d. 1970) ** Jonathan M. Wainwright (general), Jonathan M. Wainwright, American general (d. 1953) * August 30 – Theo van Doesburg, Dutch artist, painter, architect, and poet (d.

1931 Events January * January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics. * January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa. * January 22 – Sir I ...

)

September–October

* September 2 – Rudolf Weigl, Polish biologist (d. 1957) * September 5 – Mel Sheppard, American Olympic athlete (d. 1942) * September 13 – August Zaleski, 6th President of Poland (d. 1972) *

September 15 Events Pre-1600 * 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes. *1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by ...

– Esteban Terradas i Illa, Catalan mathematician, scientist, and engineer (d. 1950) * September 28 – Berta Pīpiņa, Latvian politician (d. 1942) * October 2 – Karl von Terzaghi, Austrian civil engineer and "father of soil mechanics" (d. 1963) * October 5 – Joseph Hubert Priestley, British botanist (d. 1944) * October 8 – Otto Heinrich Warburg, German physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970) *

October 15 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later. * 1211 ...

– Robert L. Ghormley, American admiral (d. 1958) * October 21 – D. S. Senanayake, 1st Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (d. 1952) * October 26 – Paul Pilgrim, American athlete (d. 1958) * October 30 – Bob Jones Sr., American evangelist, religious broadcaster, and founder of Bob Jones University (d. 1968) * October 31 – Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player (d. 1915)

November–December

* November 4 – Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek general and politician (d. 1953) * November 8 – Arnold Bax, English composer (d. 1953) * November 9 – Edna May Oliver, American stage and film character actress (d. 1942) * November 11 – Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (d. 1969) * November 14 – Ado Birk, 3rd Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1942) * November 18 – Carl Vinson, U.S. congressman (d. 1981) * November 25 ** Harvey Spencer Lewis, American occultist (b. 1939) ** Diego Martínez Barrio, Spanish politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1962) * November 26 – Belle da Costa Greene, American librarian, bibliographer, and archivist (d. 1950) * November 29 ** Lev Galler, Soviet admiral (d. 1950) ** Max Horton, British admiral (d. 1951) * December 3 – Anton Webern, Austrian composer (d. 1945) * December 9 ** Alexander Papagos, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1955) ** Joseph Pilates, German physical culturist and developer of Pilates (d.

1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...

) * December 10 – Giovanni Messe, Italian field marshal and politician (d. 1968) * December 12 – Maxey Dell Moody, American businessman and founder of M. D. Moody & Sons, Inc. (d. 1949) * December 14 – Morihei Ueshiba, Japanese martial artist and founder of aikido (d. 1969) *

December 16 Events Pre-1600 * 714 – Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald, while his widow Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom. * 755 ...

– Max Linder, French actor (d. 1925) * December 22 – Edgard Varèse, French composer (d. 1965) * December 25 – Hugo Bergmann, German and Israeli Jewish philosopher (d. 1975) * December 26 – Maurice Utrillo, French artist and illustrator (d. 1955) * December 28 – Lloyd Fredendall, American general (d. 1963) * December 29 – Forrest Taylor, American stage, film and television actor (d. 1965)

Date unknown

* Lotte Herrlich, German photographer (d. 1956) * Constantin Noe, Megleno-Romanian editor and professor (d. 1939) * Ali Ahmad Khan, Afghan politician and emir (d. 1929) * Ernest Spybuck, Native American artist (d. 1949) * Trần Trọng Kim, Vietnamese historian and Prime Minister of the Empire of Vietnam (d. 1953)

Deaths

January–June

*

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

– Antoine Chanzy, French general and colonial governor (b. 1823) * January 8 – Miska Magyarics, Slovenes, Slovene poet in Hungary (b. 1825) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

** Samuel Mudd, American doctor to John Wilkes Booth (b. 1833) ** Elling Eielsen, Norwegian Lutheran leader (b. 1804) * January 23 – Gustave Doré, French artist (b. 1832) * January 24 – Friedrich von Flotow, German composer (b. 1812) * February 13 – Richard Wagner, German composer (b. 1813) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– Prince Kachō Hiroatsu of Japan (b. 1875) * February 17 ** Napoléon Coste, French guitarist and composer (b. 1806) ** Vasudev Balwant Phadke, Indian revolutionary (b. 1845) * February 18 – Francis Abbott, Australian astronomer (b. 1799) * March 4 – Alexander Hamilton Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1812) * March 14 – Karl Marx, German communist philosopher (b. 1818) * March 20 – Charles Lasègue, French physician (b. 1816) * March 21 – Grigol Orbeliani, Georgian poet and soldier (b. 1804) *March 27 - John Brown (servant), John Brown, Scottish personal servant and favourite of Queen Victoria (b. 1826) * March 28 – Napoleon Bonaparte Buford, American general and railroad executive (b. 1807) * April 4 – Peter Cooper, American industrialist, inventor and philanthropist (b. 1791) * April 15 – Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1823) * April 16 – Charles II, Duke of Parma (b. 1799) * April 26 – Napoleon Orda, Belarusian composer and artist (b. 1807) * April 30 – Édouard Manet, French painter (b. 1832) *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

– Keʻelikōlani, princess of Hawaii (b. 1826) * May 26 – Abdelkader El Djezairi, Algerian leader (b. 1808) * June 6 – Ciprian Porumbescu, Romanian composer (b. 1853) * June 11 – Caroline Leigh Gascoigne, English writer (b. 1813) * June 20 – John Colenso, English-born mathematician and theologian, Bishop of Natal (b. 1814) * June 26 – Edward Sabine, Irish astronomer (b. 1788)

July–December

* July 15 – General Tom Thumb, American circus performer and entertainer (b. 1838) * July 22 – Edward Ord, U.S. Army officer (b. 1818) * July 23 – Rose Massey, English actress (b. 1851?) * July 24 – Matthew Webb, English sailor, first recorded person to swim the English Channel without the use of artificial aids (b. 1848) * July 27 – Montgomery Blair, American politician (b. 1813) * July 28 – Carlo Pellion di Persano, Italian admiral and politician (b. 1806) * August 24 – Henri, Count of Chambord, pretender to the French throne (b. 1820) * August 25 – Louise Lateau, Belgian mystic and stigmatist (b. 1850) * September 3 – Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer (b. 1818) * September 10 – Otto Pius Hippius, Baltic German architect (b. 1826) * September 17 – Junius Brutus Booth Jr., American actor and theatre manager (b. 1821) * October 5 – Joachim Barrande, French palaeontologist (b. 1799) * October 14 – Sir Arthur Elton, 7th Baronet, English writer and Liberal Party politician (b. 1818) * October 20 – George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall, Anglo-Irish landowner, courtier and politician (b. 1797) * October 22 – Thomas Mayne Reid, Irish-American novelist (b. 1818) * October 30 ** Dayananda Saraswati, Hindu religious leader (b. 1824) ** Robert Volkmann, German composer (b. 1815) * November 19 – Carl Wilhelm Siemens, German engineer (b. 1823) * November 20 – Tenshoin, wife of 13th Shōgun of Japan, Tokugawa Iesada (b.1836) *November 29 – Elisabeth Dieudonné Vincent, Haitian-born migrant and free woman of colour (b. 1798) * December 13 – Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (b. 1812) * December 27 – Andrew A. Humphreys, American general and civil engineer (b. 1810)

Dates unknown

*Margaret Agnes Bunn, British actress (b. 1799) *Jules Miot, French republican socialist (b. 1809) *Mary S. B. Shindler, American poet (b. 1810)

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

January–February

March–April

May–June

July–August

September–October

November–December

Date unknown

Deaths

January–June

July–December

Dates unknown

References

Further reading and year books