January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...

Roselle, New Jersey Roselle (, ) is a borough located in Union County in the U.S. state of New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States census, the borough's population was 21,085,Thomas Edison. *

February February is the second month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years or 29 in leap years, with the 29th day being called the ''leap day''. It is the first of five months not to have 31 days (th ...

– '' The Adventures of Pinocchio'' by Carlo Collodi is first published complete in book form, in Italy. *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– Tokyo Electrical Lightning Grid, predecessor of Tokyo Electrical Power ( TEPCO), one of the largest

electrical grid An electrical grid is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids vary in size and can cover whole countries or continents. It consists of:Kaplan, S. M. (2009). Smart Grid. Electrical Power ...

s in Asia and the world, is founded in Japan. * February 16 – The ''

Ladies' Home Journal ''Ladies' Home Journal'' was an American magazine last published by the Meredith Corporation. It was first published on February 16, 1883, and eventually became one of the leading women's magazines of the 20th century in the United States. In 18 ...

'' is published for the first time, in the United States. *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...

– Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an antitrust law. *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

– The first vaudeville theater is opened, in Boston, Massachusetts. * March 2 – The Hong Kong Observatory is established. * March 20 – The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is held. * March 28 – Battle of Gia Cuc: A French force defeats the Vietnamese in northern Vietnam in the run-up to the

Sino-French War The Sino-French War (, french: Guerre franco-chinoise, vi, Chiến tranh Pháp-Thanh), also known as the Tonkin War and Tonquin War, was a limited conflict fought from August 1884 to April 1885. There was no declaration of war. The Chinese arm ...

.

April–June

*

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

– Oxygen is liquefied for the first time. * April 28 – The first rugby sevens tournament is played at Melrose RFC in Scotland. * May 23 – Robert Louis Stevenson's children's pirate adventure novel '' Treasure Island'' is first published in book format, in London. *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

–

Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/ suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing of the East River ...

is opened to traffic in New York City, after 13 years of construction. *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

– A rumor that the

Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/ suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing of the East River ...

is going to collapse causes a stampede, which crushes 12 people. * June 13 – Count Arvid Posse leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden. He is succeeded by

Carl Johan Thyselius Carl Johan Thyselius (8 June 1811 – 11 January 1891) was a politician, state official, Justice of the Supreme Court of Sweden 1856–1860, "Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs" (comparable to Minister of Education, sv, utbildningsminister) 18 ...

, the first non-aristocrat (Swedish ; "''ofrälse''") to serve as Swedish head of government, and Prime Minister. * June 16 – Victoria Hall disaster: A rush for treats results in 183 children being asphyxiated in a concert hall in

Sunderland Sunderland () is a port city in Tyne and Wear, England. It is the City of Sunderland's administrative centre and in the Historic counties of England, historic county of County of Durham, Durham. The city is from Newcastle-upon-Tyne and is on t ...

, England. *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. * 1461 – ...

– In Milan, Italy, the first central European electricity power station is inaugurated. * June 30 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novel '' The Black Arrow'' first appears as a serial in the British magazine '' Young Folks; A Boys' and Girls' Paper of Instructive and Entertaining Literature'' as by 'Captain George North'. Stevenson completes writing it at the end of the

summer Summer is the hottest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, the earliest sunrise and latest sunset occurs, daylight hours are longest and dark hours are shortest, wit ...

in France.

July–September

* July 3 – The SS ''Daphne'' sinks on launch in Glasgow, Scotland, leaving 124 dead. * July 4 – The world's first

rodeo Rodeo () is a competitive equestrian sport that arose out of the working practices of cattle herding in Spain and Mexico, expanding throughout the Americas and to other nations. It was originally based on the skills required of the working va ...

is held in Pecos, Texas. * July 22 – Zulu King Cetshwayo barely escapes a rebel attack with his life. * August – King William's College is opened on the Isle of Man. * August 12 – The last quagga dies at the Artis Magistra zoo in Amsterdam. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

–

1883 Rochester tornado Events January–March * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * Janua ...

: An F5 tornado strikes

Rochester, Minnesota Rochester is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Olmsted County. Located on rolling bluffs on the Zumbro River's south fork in Southeast Minnesota, the city is the home and birthplace of the renowned Mayo Clinic. Acco ...

, leading to the creation of the

Mayo Clinic The Mayo Clinic () is a nonprofit American academic medical center focused on integrated health care, education, and research. It employs over 4,500 physicians and scientists, along with another 58,400 administrative and allied health staff, ...

. * August 26– 27 –

1883 eruption of Krakatoa The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa ( id, Letusan Krakatau 1883) in the Sunda Strait occurred from 20 May until 21 October 1883, peaking in the late morning hours of 27 August when over 70% of the island of Krakatoa and its surrounding archipelago w ...

: The Volcano, volcanic island of Krakatoa erupts at 10:02 AM (local time); 163 villages are destroyed, 36,417 killed by tsunami. * August 29 – Dunfermline Carnegie Library, the first Carnegie library, is opened in Andrew Carnegie's hometown, Dunfermline, Scotland. * September 1 – Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical ''Supremi apostolatus officio'' ("On Devotion of the Rosary"). * September 11 – Major Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer, Evelyn Baring becomes List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to Egypt, Consul-General of History of Egypt under the British, Egypt under British rule. * September 15 ** The Bombay Natural History Society is founded in India. ** The University of Texas at Austin opens to students. * September 29 – A consortium of flour mill operators in Minneapolis forms the Minneapolis, Sault Ste. Marie and Atlantic Railway, as a means to get their product to the Great Lakes ports, avoiding the high tariffs of Chicago.

October–December

* October 1 ** Sydney Boys High School is founded in Sydney, Australia, the first boys' public school. ** In Amsterdam, the first International Colonial and Export Exhibition closes, having had over 1 million visitors. * October 4 ** The Boys' Brigade (the first uniformed youth organization in existence) is founded in Glasgow, Scotland. ** The Orient Express train begins to run through from Gare de Paris-Est, Paris Gare de l'Est to Giurgiu in Romania, with onward ferry and train connections to Istanbul (the train has been running since June 5 as far as Vienna). * October 15 – The Supreme Court of the United States declares part of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to be unconstitutional, allowing individuals and corporations to discriminate based on Race (classification of human beings), race. * October 20 – Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón, by which the Tarapacá Region, Tarapacá province is ceded to Chile, ending Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific. * October 22 – The Mödling and Hinterbrühl Tram in Vienna (Austria) is the first electric tram powered by overhead wire. * October 24 – Cardiff University, Wales, opens (under the name of University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire). * October 30 – Two Clan na Gael dynamite bombs explode in the London Underground, injuring several people. The next day, British Home Secretary William Vernon Harcourt (politician), Vernon Harcourt drafts 300 policemen to guard the underground, and introduces the Explosives Bill. * November 3 ** The 14th Century AH begins in the Islamic calendar on the 1st of Muharram, 1301 AH. ** American Old West: Self-described ''Black Bart (outlaw), Black Bart the Po-8'' makes his last stagecoach robbery, but leaves a handkerchief with a laundry mark that eventually leads to his capture. * November 14 – Library of Congress of Chile, Chile's National Library of Congress is founded. * November 18 – U.S. and Canadian railroads institute 5 standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times. * November 28 – Whitman College is chartered as a 4-year college in Walla Walla, Washington. * December 1 – Battleford Industrial School, the first government-operated Canadian Indian residential school system, Indian residential school opens in Canada. * December 5 – Bisbee Massacre: Five people are killed in the robbery of a general store by bandits in Bisbee, Arizona. * December 16 – Tonkin Campaign: French forces capture the Sơn Tây citadel. * December 21 – The Royal Canadian Dragoons and The Royal Canadian Regiment, the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army, are formed.

Date unknown

* German bacteriologist Robert Koch discovers the cholera bacillus. * Antoni Gaudí begins to work on the Sagrada Família Cathedral in Barcelona (it will be consecrated in 2010). * Construction of Speicherstadt as a List of free ports, free zone in the Port of Hamburg begins. * During construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1883, blasting and excavation reveal high concentrations of nickel–copper ore at Murray Mine, on the edge of the Sudbury Basin, located near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. * Otto von Bismarck pushes the first social security law through the Reichstag (German Empire), Reichstag. * The British Parliament considers a major bill to allow Indian judges to try Europeans in India. The British community rises in protest, and defeats the measure. * The Mexican government passes a law allowing real estate companies (controlled by General Porfirio Díaz's political associates) to survey public and "vacant" lands, and to retain one third of the land they survey. * Bernard Kroger establishes the first Kroger grocery store, in Cincinnati, Ohio. * The first purebred Percheron (horse) stud book is created in France. * ASEA is founded by Ludvig Fredholm in Sweden, predecessor of the global electronic equipment and engineering business ABB Group. * Founding of: ** Houghton College in New York State ** Wagner College in New York City ** Baltimore Polytechnic Institute in Maryland ** Raith Rovers F.C. in Scotland ** The Black Arabs F.C (later Bristol Rovers) in England ** Dunstable Town F.C. in England

Births

January–February

* January 1 – Ichirō Hatoyama, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1959) * January 3 – Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1967) *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

– Johanna Westerdijk, Dutch plant pathologist (d. 1961) * January 5 – Döme Sztójay, Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1946) * January 6 – Kahlil Gibran, Lebanese poet, painter and novelist (d. 1931) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

** Francis X. Bushman, American screen actor (d. 1966) ** Hubert Latham, pioneer French aviator of the pre-World War I era (d. 1912) ** Florence Reed, American actress (d. 1967) ** Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoy, Russian writer (d. 1945) * January 19 – Waite Phillips, American businessman, philanthropist (d. 1964) * January 20 ** Enoch L. Johnson, American political boss, racketeer (d. 1968) ** Bertram Ramsay, British admiral (d. 1945) * February 8 – Joseph Schumpeter, Austrian economist (d. 1950) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– Sax Rohmer, English author (d. 1959) * February 16 **Elizabeth Craig (writer), Elizabeth Craig, British writer (d. 1980) **Koshirō Oikawa, Japanese admiral (d. 1958) * February 22 ** Abe Attell, American boxer (d. 1970) ** Marguerite Clark, American silent film actress (d. 1940) *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...

– Karl Jaspers, German philosopher (d. 1969) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

– Gheorghe Argeșanu, Romanian general and politician, 40th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1940)

March–April

* March 2 – Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek writer (d. 1957) * March 3 ** Cyril Burt, British educational psychologist (d. 1971) ** Edwin Carewe, Native American director (d. 1940) * March 4 ** Sam Langford, Canadian boxer (d. 1956) ** Maude Fealy, American actress (d. 1971) * March 7 – Michael Somogyi, Hungarian-American biochemist (d. 1971) * March 19 ** Norman Haworth, British chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950) ** Joseph Stilwell, American general (d. 1946) * March 24 – Dorothy Campbell, Scottish golfer (d. 1945) * April 1 **Laurette Taylor, American actress (d.1946) **Lon Chaney, American actor (d. 1930) * April 3 – Henry Diesen, Norwegian admiral (d. 1953) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

– Walter Huston, Canadian-born American actor (d. 1950) * April 11 – Leonard Mudie, English actor (d. 1965) * April 12 – Dally Messenger, Australian rugby league player (d. 1959) * April 15 – Stanley Bruce, 8th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1967) * April 25 – Semyon Budyonny, Cossack cavalryman, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1973) * April 27 – Hubert Harrison, African-American writer, critic, and activist (d. 1927) * April 30 – Jaroslav Hašek, Czech writer (d. 1923)

May–June

* May 1 – Thomas J. Moore, Tom Moore, Irish-American actor (d. 1955) * May 5 ** Eleazar López Contreras, 32nd President of Venezuela (d. 1973) ** Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, British field marshal (d. 1950) * May 9 – José Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher (d. 1955) * May 10 – Eugen Leviné, Communist leader of the Munich Soviet Republic (d. 1919) * May 16 ** Celâl Bayar, Turkish politician, statesman, 3rd President of Turkey (d. 1986) ** Solomone Ula Ata, Prime Minister of Tonga (d. 1950) * May 18 ** Walter Gropius, German architect (d. 1969) ** Hasui Kawase, Japanese painter, printmaker (d. 1957) ** Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Brazilian marshal, 16th President of Brazil (d. 1974) * May 23 – Douglas Fairbanks, American actor (d. 1939) *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

– Elsa Maxwell, American gossip columnist, international party giver (d. 1963) * May 25 – Lesley J. McNair, American general (d. 1944) * May 27 – Jessie Arms Botke, American artist (d. 1971) * May 28 – Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Indian pro-independence activist, Hindu nationalist (d. 1966) * May 31 – Lauri Kristian Relander, President of Finland (d. 1942) * June 5 ** John Maynard Keynes, English economist (d. 1946) ** Mary Helen Young, Scottish nurse and resistance fighter during World War II (died 1945) * June 7 – Sylvanus Morley, American scholar, World War I spy (d. 1948) * June 11 – Aubrey Fitch, American admiral (d. 1978) * June 18 – Mary Alden, American stage, screen actress (d. 1946) * June 20 – Royal E. Ingersoll, American admiral (d. 1976) * June 24 – Victor Francis Hess, Austrian-born American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964) *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. * 1461 – ...

– Pierre Laval, Prime Minister of France (d. 1945) * June 29 – Lothrop Stoddard, American Eugenics, eugenicist, radical scientific racist (d. 1950)

July–August

* July 1 – István Friedrich, 24th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1951) * July 3 – Franz Kafka, Austrian writer (d. 1924) * July 4 – Rube Goldberg, American cartoonist (d. 1970) * July 6 – Godfrey Huggins, English-born Rhodesian politician and physician, Prime Minister of Rhodesia (d. 1971) * July 10 – Johannes Blaskowitz, German general (d. 1948) * July 16 – Charles Sheeler, American photographer, artist (d. 1965) * July 19 ** Max Fleischer, Austrian animator, film producer (Betty Boop) (d. 1972) ** Beatrice Forbes, Countess of Granard, American-born heiress (d. 1972) * July 20 – Catherine Bramwell-Booth, English Salvation Army officer (d. 1987) * July 23 **Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, British field marshal (d. 1963) ** Oscar Westover, United States Army Air Corps general (d. 1938) * July 25 – Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (d. 1947) * July 26 – Edwin Balmer, American science fiction, mystery writer (d. 1959) * July 29 ** Henry Robertson Bowers, Scottish polar explorer (d. 1912) ** Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy (d. 1945) * July 31 – Ramón Fonst, Cuban fencer (d. 1959) * August 2 – Aurelio Mosquera, Ecuadorian politician, 25th President of Ecuador (d. 1939) * August 6 – Scott Nearing, American political activist, economist, and simple living advocate (d. 1983) * August 9 – Chester Gillette, American murderer (execution) (d. 1908) * August 12 **Pauline Frederick, American stage, screen actress (d. 1938) **Marion Lorne, American film, stage and television actress (d. 1968) * August 15 – Ivan Meštrović, Croatian sculptor and architect (d. 1962) * August 19 ** Coco Chanel, French fashion designer (d. 1971) ** Elsie Ferguson, American actress (d. 1961) ** José Mendes Cabeçadas, 9th President of Portugal and 94th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1965) ** Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp, 24th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1954) * August 23 ** Jesse Pennington, English footballer (d. 1970) ** Jonathan M. Wainwright (general), Jonathan M. Wainwright, American general (d. 1953) * August 30 – Theo van Doesburg, Dutch artist, painter, architect, and poet (d. 1931)

September–October

* September 2 – Rudolf Weigl, Polish biologist (d. 1957) * September 5 – Mel Sheppard, American Olympic athlete (d. 1942) * September 13 – August Zaleski, 6th President of Poland (d. 1972) * September 15 – Esteban Terradas i Illa, Catalan mathematician, scientist, and engineer (d. 1950) * September 28 – Berta Pīpiņa, Latvian politician (d. 1942) * October 2 – Karl von Terzaghi, Austrian civil engineer and "father of soil mechanics" (d. 1963) * October 5 – Joseph Hubert Priestley, British botanist (d. 1944) * October 8 – Otto Heinrich Warburg, German physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970) * October 15 – Robert L. Ghormley, American admiral (d. 1958) * October 21 – D. S. Senanayake, 1st Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (d. 1952) * October 26 – Paul Pilgrim, American athlete (d. 1958) * October 30 – Bob Jones Sr., American evangelist, religious broadcaster, and founder of Bob Jones University (d. 1968) * October 31 – Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player (d. 1915)

November–December

* November 4 – Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek general and politician (d. 1953) * November 8 – Arnold Bax, English composer (d. 1953) * November 9 – Edna May Oliver, American stage and film character actress (d. 1942) * November 11 – Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (d. 1969) * November 14 – Ado Birk, 3rd Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1942) * November 18 – Carl Vinson, U.S. congressman (d. 1981) * November 25 ** Harvey Spencer Lewis, American occultist (b. 1939) ** Diego Martínez Barrio, Spanish politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1962) * November 26 – Belle da Costa Greene, American librarian, bibliographer, and archivist (d. 1950) * November 29 ** Lev Galler, Soviet admiral (d. 1950) ** Max Horton, British admiral (d. 1951) * December 3 – Anton Webern, Austrian composer (d. 1945) * December 9 ** Alexander Papagos, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1955) ** Joseph Pilates, German physical culturist and developer of Pilates (d. 1967) * December 10 – Giovanni Messe, Italian field marshal and politician (d. 1968) * December 12 – Maxey Dell Moody, American businessman and founder of M. D. Moody & Sons, Inc. (d. 1949) * December 14 – Morihei Ueshiba, Japanese martial artist and founder of aikido (d. 1969) * December 16 – Max Linder, French actor (d. 1925) * December 22 – Edgard Varèse, French composer (d. 1965) * December 25 – Hugo Bergmann, German and Israeli Jewish philosopher (d. 1975) * December 26 – Maurice Utrillo, French artist and illustrator (d. 1955) * December 28 – Lloyd Fredendall, American general (d. 1963) * December 29 – Forrest Taylor, American stage, film and television actor (d. 1965)

Date unknown

* Lotte Herrlich, German photographer (d. 1956) * Constantin Noe, Megleno-Romanian editor and professor (d. 1939) * Ali Ahmad Khan, Afghan politician and emir (d. 1929) * Ernest Spybuck, Native American artist (d. 1949) * Trần Trọng Kim, Vietnamese historian and Prime Minister of the Empire of Vietnam (d. 1953)

Deaths

January–June

*

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

– Antoine Chanzy, French general and colonial governor (b. 1823) * January 8 – Miska Magyarics, Slovenes, Slovene poet in Hungary (b. 1825) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

** Samuel Mudd, American doctor to John Wilkes Booth (b. 1833) ** Elling Eielsen, Norwegian Lutheran leader (b. 1804) * January 23 – Gustave Doré, French artist (b. 1832) * January 24 – Friedrich von Flotow, German composer (b. 1812) * February 13 – Richard Wagner, German composer (b. 1813) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– Prince Kachō Hiroatsu of Japan (b. 1875) * February 17 ** Napoléon Coste, French guitarist and composer (b. 1806) ** Vasudev Balwant Phadke, Indian revolutionary (b. 1845) * February 18 – Francis Abbott, Australian astronomer (b. 1799) * March 4 – Alexander Hamilton Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1812) * March 14 – Karl Marx, German communist philosopher (b. 1818) * March 20 – Charles Lasègue, French physician (b. 1816) * March 21 – Grigol Orbeliani, Georgian poet and soldier (b. 1804) *March 27 - John Brown (servant), John Brown, Scottish personal servant and favourite of Queen Victoria (b. 1826) * March 28 – Napoleon Bonaparte Buford, American general and railroad executive (b. 1807) * April 4 – Peter Cooper, American industrialist, inventor and philanthropist (b. 1791) * April 15 – Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1823) * April 16 – Charles II, Duke of Parma (b. 1799) * April 26 – Napoleon Orda, Belarusian composer and artist (b. 1807) * April 30 – Édouard Manet, French painter (b. 1832) *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

– Keʻelikōlani, princess of Hawaii (b. 1826) * May 26 – Abdelkader El Djezairi, Algerian leader (b. 1808) * June 6 – Ciprian Porumbescu, Romanian composer (b. 1853) * June 11 – Caroline Leigh Gascoigne, English writer (b. 1813) * June 20 – John Colenso, English-born mathematician and theologian, Bishop of Natal (b. 1814) * June 26 – Edward Sabine, Irish astronomer (b. 1788)

July–December

* July 15 – General Tom Thumb, American circus performer and entertainer (b. 1838) * July 22 – Edward Ord, U.S. Army officer (b. 1818) * July 23 – Rose Massey, English actress (b. 1851?) * July 24 – Matthew Webb, English sailor, first recorded person to swim the English Channel without the use of artificial aids (b. 1848) * July 27 – Montgomery Blair, American politician (b. 1813) * July 28 – Carlo Pellion di Persano, Italian admiral and politician (b. 1806) * August 24 – Henri, Count of Chambord, pretender to the French throne (b. 1820) * August 25 – Louise Lateau, Belgian mystic and stigmatist (b. 1850) * September 3 – Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer (b. 1818) * September 10 – Otto Pius Hippius, Baltic German architect (b. 1826) * September 17 – Junius Brutus Booth Jr., American actor and theatre manager (b. 1821) * October 5 – Joachim Barrande, French palaeontologist (b. 1799) * October 14 – Sir Arthur Elton, 7th Baronet, English writer and Liberal Party politician (b. 1818) * October 20 – George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall, Anglo-Irish landowner, courtier and politician (b. 1797) * October 22 – Thomas Mayne Reid, Irish-American novelist (b. 1818) * October 30 ** Dayananda Saraswati, Hindu religious leader (b. 1824) ** Robert Volkmann, German composer (b. 1815) * November 19 – Carl Wilhelm Siemens, German engineer (b. 1823) * November 20 – Tenshoin, wife of 13th Shōgun of Japan, Tokugawa Iesada (b.1836) *November 29 – Elisabeth Dieudonné Vincent, Haitian-born migrant and free woman of colour (b. 1798) * December 13 – Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (b. 1812) * December 27 – Andrew A. Humphreys, American general and civil engineer (b. 1810)

Dates unknown

*Margaret Agnes Bunn, British actress (b. 1799) *Jules Miot, French republican socialist (b. 1809) *Mary S. B. Shindler, American poet (b. 1810)

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

January–February

March–April

May–June

July–August

September–October

November–December

Date unknown

Deaths

January–June

July–December

Dates unknown

References

Further reading and year books