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January–March

*
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– The Covington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridge opens between
Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state line wit ...
, and
Covington, Kentucky Covington is a list of cities in Kentucky, home rule-class city in Kenton County, Kentucky, Kenton County, Kentucky, United States, located at the confluence of the Ohio River, Ohio and Licking River (Kentucky), Licking Rivers. Cincinnati, Ohio, ...
, in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It was renamed after its designer,
John A. Roebling John Augustus Roebling (born Johann August Röbling; June 12, 1806 – July 22, 1869) was a German-born American civil engineer. He designed and built wire rope suspension bridges, in particular the Brooklyn Bridge, which has been designated as ...
, in
1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP is officially completed (this is consid ...
. *
January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...
African-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American ...
men are granted the right to vote in the
District of Columbia ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
. *
January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhamma ...
Benito Juárez Benito Pablo Juárez García (; 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Liberalism in Mexico, Mexican liberal politician and lawyer who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in office in 1872. As a Zapotec peoples, Zapo ...
becomes Mexican president again. *
January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...
Emperor Kōmei was the 121st Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'')孝明天皇 (121)/ref> Kōmei's reign spanned the years from 1846 through 1867, corresponding to the final years of the ...
of Japan dies suddenly, age 36, leaving his 14-year-old son to succeed as
Emperor Meiji , also called or , was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. Reigning from 13 February 1867 to his death, he was the first monarch of the Empire of Japan and presided over the Meiji era. He was the figur ...
. *
January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...
Maronite The Maronites ( ar, الموارنة; syr, ܡܖ̈ܘܢܝܐ) are a Christian ethnoreligious group native to the Eastern Mediterranean and Levant region of the Middle East, whose members traditionally belong to the Maronite Church, with the larges ...
nationalist leader
Youssef Bey Karam Youssef Bey Karam (also Joseph Bey Karam) (May 15, 1823 – April 7, 1889) ( ar, يوسف بك كرم), was a Lebanese Maronite notable for fighting in the 1860 civil war and led a rebellion in 1866–1867 against the Ottoman Empire rule in M ...
leaves
Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus li ...
aboard a French ship for
Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...
. *
February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. *1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...
– ''
Shōgun , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...
''
Tokugawa Yoshinobu Prince was the 15th and last ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful. He resigned of his position as shogun in late 1867, while aiming ...
abdicates, and the late
Emperor Kōmei was the 121st Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'')孝明天皇 (121)/ref> Kōmei's reign spanned the years from 1846 through 1867, corresponding to the final years of the ...
's son, Prince Mutsuhito, becomes
Emperor Meiji , also called or , was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. Reigning from 13 February 1867 to his death, he was the first monarch of the Empire of Japan and presided over the Meiji era. He was the figur ...
of Japan in a brief ceremony in
Kyoto Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the ci ...
, ending the
Late Tokugawa shogunate was the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended. Between 1853 and 1867, Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the modern empire of the Meiji government. ...
. *
February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nd ...
West Virginia University West Virginia University (WVU) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Morgantown, West Virginia. Its other campuses are those of the West Virginia University Institute of Technology in Beckley, Potomac State College ...
is established in
Morgantown, West Virginia Morgantown is a city in and the county seat of Monongalia County, West Virginia, Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States, situated along the Monongahela River. The largest city in North-Central West Virginia, Morgantown is best known as th ...
. *
February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...
– The
Covering of the Senne The covering of the Senne (french: Voûtement de la Senne, nl, Overwelving van de Zenne) was the covering and later diverting of the main river of Brussels, Belgium, and the construction of public buildings and major boulevards in its place. ...
in
Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
begins. *
February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...
Augusta Institute , mottoeng = And there was light (literal translation of Latin itself translated from Hebrew: "And light was made") , type = Private historically black men's liberal arts college , academic_affiliation ...
is founded in
Augusta, Georgia Augusta ( ), officially Augusta–Richmond County, is a consolidated city-county on the central eastern border of the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. The city lies across the Savannah River from South Carolina at the head of its navig ...
, later known as
Morehouse College , mottoeng = And there was light (literal translation of Latin itself translated from Hebrew: "And light was made") , type = Private historically black men's liberal arts college , academic_affiliations ...
. *
February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
Johann Strauss II Johann Baptist Strauss II (25 October 1825 – 3 June 1899), also known as Johann Strauss Jr., the Younger or the Son (german: links=no, Sohn), was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas. He composed ov ...
's
waltz The waltz ( ), meaning "to roll or revolve") is a ballroom and folk dance, normally in triple ( time), performed primarily in closed position. History There are many references to a sliding or gliding dance that would evolve into the wa ...
''
The Blue Danube "The Blue Danube" is the common English title of "An der schönen blauen Donau", Op. 314 (German for "By the Beautiful Blue Danube"), a waltz by the Austrian composer Johann Strauss II, composed in 1866. Originally performed on 15 Februa ...
'' (''An der schönen blauen Donau'') is first performed, at a concert of the Vienna Men's Choral Association. Later this year, Strauss will adapt it into its popular purely orchestral version for the Exposition Universelle in Paris. *
February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...
Battle of Inlon River: The
Qing Dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
defeats the Nien rebels in
Hubei Hubei (; ; alternately Hupeh) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Dongting Lake. The prov ...
, China. *
February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Ferdina ...
– The ''
Indiana Daily Student The ''Indiana Daily Student'' (''IDS'') is an independent, student-run newspaper that has been published for the community of Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, since 1867. The ''IDS'' is free and distributed throughout the campus and ci ...
'' is established at Indiana University in Bloomington. *
February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...
– After almost 20 years (
1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...
), the
United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
forbids taxpayer funding of diplomatic envoys to the
Holy See The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome ...
(Vatican), and breaks off relations. Funding resumes, along with relations, in
1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...
. *
March March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is the second of seven months to have a length of 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of Marc ...
– The
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U of I, Illinois, University of Illinois, or UIUC) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana. It is the flagship institution of the University ...
is established (opened one year later). *
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor ...
Nebraska Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwe ...
is admitted as the 37th
U.S. state In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its sover ...
. *
March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...
– The
Fenian Rising The Fenian Rising of 1867 ( ga, Éirí Amach na bhFíníní, 1867, ) was a rebellion against British rule in Ireland, organised by the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB). After the suppression of the ''Irish People'' newspaper in September 1865 ...
breaks out in Ireland. *
March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang. *1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
– An article by
Joseph Lister Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, (5 April 182710 February 1912) was a British surgeon, medical scientist, experimental pathologist and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery and preventative medicine. Joseph Lister revolutionised the craft of s ...
, outlining the discovery of antiseptic
surgery Surgery ''cheirourgikē'' (composed of χείρ, "hand", and ἔργον, "work"), via la, chirurgiae, meaning "hand work". is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pat ...
, is first published in ''
The Lancet ''The Lancet'' is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal and one of the oldest of its kind. It is also the world's highest-impact academic journal. It was founded in England in 1823. The journal publishes original research articles, ...
''. *
March 23 Events Pre-1600 *1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. *1540 – Waltham Abbey Church, Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of ...
William III of the Netherlands accepts an offer of 5,000,000 guilders from Napoleon III for the sale of Luxembourg, leading to the Luxembourg Crisis. * March 29 – The
British North America Act The British North America Acts 1867–1975 are a series of Acts of Parliament that were at the core of the constitution of Canada. Most were enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and some by the Parliament of Canada. In Canada, some ...
receives royal assent, forming the Dominion of Canada, in an event known as the Confederation. This unites the Province of Canada ( Quebec and Ontario), New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia on
July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
.
Ottawa Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core ...
becomes the capital, and John A. Macdonald becomes the Dominion's first prime minister. * March 30Alaska Purchase: Alaska is purchased for $7.2 million from
Alexander II of Russia Alexander II ( rus, Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, Congress Poland, King of Poland and Gra ...
, about 2 cents/acre ($4.19/km2), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward. Newspapers call this ''Seward's Folly''.


April–June

* April 1 – The Strait Settlement of Singapore, formerly ruled from Calcutta, becomes a
Crown colony A Crown colony or royal colony was a colony administered by The Crown within the British Empire. There was usually a Governor, appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the UK Government, with or without the assistance of a local Counci ...
, under the jurisdiction of the Colonial Office in London. * April 1November 3Exposition Universelle, an international exhibition in Paris. Among the visitors is
Abdülaziz Abdulaziz ( ota, عبد العزيز, ʿAbdü'l-ʿAzîz; tr, Abdülaziz; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the 32nd List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned from 25 June 1861 to 30 May 1876, when he was 187 ...
, making the first visit of a Sultan of the Ottoman Empire to Western Europe. * April 28 – I.C. Sorosis, the first women's fraternity (sorority) founded upon the men's fraternity model, with ''Pi Beta Phi'' as its motto, is founded at Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois. In
1888 In Germany, 1888 is known as the Year of the Three Emperors. Currently, it is the year that, when written in Roman numerals, has the most digits (13). The next year that also has 13 digits is the year 2388. The record will be surpassed as late ...
, the motto becomes the name of the organization. * May 1 – The first political May Day march takes place in Chicago. * May 7
Alfred Nobel Alfred Bernhard Nobel ( , ; 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedes, Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, and Philanthropy, philanthropist. He is best known for having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel ...
patents
dynamite Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and Stabilizer (chemistry), stabilizers. It was invented by the Swedish people, Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Geesthacht, Northern Germa ...
in the United Kingdom. *
May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...
**
Treaty of London The Treaty of London or London Convention or similar may refer to: *Treaty of London (1358), established a truce between England and France following the Battle of Poitiers *Treaty of London (1359), which ceded western France to England *Treaty of ...
: The great powers of Europe reaffirm the
neutrality Neutral or neutrality may refer to: Mathematics and natural science Biology * Neutral organisms, in ecology, those that obey the unified neutral theory of biodiversity Chemistry and physics * Neutralization (chemistry), a chemical reaction ...
of Luxembourg, ending the Luxembourg Crisis. The Duchy of Limburg is formally re-incorporated into the Kingdom of the Netherlands. ** '' Cox and Box'', by Francis Burnand and
Arthur Sullivan Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan (13 May 1842 – 22 November 1900) was an English composer. He is best known for 14 comic opera, operatic Gilbert and Sullivan, collaborations with the dramatist W. S. Gilbert, including ''H.M.S. Pinaf ...
, is first publicly performed, at the Adelphi Theatre, London. *
May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...
Robert William Keate becomes Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal. * May 29 ** The Austro-Hungarian Compromise (called ''Ausgleich'' in German or ''kiegyezés'' in Hungarian (''The Compromise'')) is born through Act 12, which establishes the
Austro-Hungarian Empire Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
; on June 8 Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria is crowned King of Hungary. ** Canadian Confederation: Queen Victoria signs the
British North America Act The British North America Acts 1867–1975 are a series of Acts of Parliament that were at the core of the constitution of Canada. Most were enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and some by the Parliament of Canada. In Canada, some ...
, creating the Dominion of Canada, effective
July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
. * June 15 – The
Atlantic Cable Quartz Lode The Atlantic Cable Quartz Lode is a gold mine in Deer Lodge County, Montana. The mine is located in the southwestern area of Montana, between Drummond and Anaconda along the Pintler Scenic Route on Montana Highway 1, east of Georgetown Lake. ...
gold mine is named in Montana. * June 19 – A firing squad executes Emperor Maximilian of Mexico and two of his lieutenants. *
June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting ...
– The first recorded association football match in Argentina took place in Buenos Aires.


July–September

* July – The Reverend Thomas Baker, a Wesleyan Methodist missionary (b. in Playden,
East Sussex East Sussex is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South East England on the English Channel coast. It is bordered by Kent to the north and east, West Sussex to the west, and Surrey to the north-west. The largest settlement in East Su ...
, England) is cooked and eaten by Navatusila tribespeople at Nabutautau,
Fiji Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists ...
, together with eight of his local followers, the last missionary in that country to suffer
cannibalism Cannibalism is the act of consuming another individual of the same species as food. Cannibalism is a common ecological interaction in the animal kingdom and has been recorded in more than 1,500 species. Human cannibalism is well documented, b ...
. *
July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
** Canadian Confederation: The ''
British North America Act The British North America Acts 1867–1975 are a series of Acts of Parliament that were at the core of the constitution of Canada. Most were enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and some by the Parliament of Canada. In Canada, some ...
'' of
29 March Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is Siege of Paris (845), sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. *1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II Siege of Thessalonica (14 ...
comes into force, creating the Dominion of Canada, the first independent dominion in the British Empire. ** The Constitution of the North German Confederation comes into effect, creating a confederation of states, under the leadership of Prussia and
Otto von Bismarck Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (, ; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was a conservative German statesman and diplomat. From his origins in the upper class of J ...
. *
July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
Queen's Park F.C. Queen's Park Football Club is a Scottish professional association football, football club based in Glasgow, which currently plays in the Scottish Championship, the second tier of the Scottish football pyramid. Queen's Park is the Oldest footba ...
, the oldest association football league team in Scotland, is founded. * July 15 – France declares Cambodia's independence from Siam; Cambodia becomes a protectorate of France and Britain. * July 17 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established as the first dental school in the United States. * July 18The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune: The
Serer people The Serer people are a West African ethnoreligious group.
defeat the Muslim Marabouts of
Senegambia The Senegambia (other names: Senegambia region or Senegambian zone,Barry, Boubacar, ''Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade'', (Editors: David Anderson, Carolyn Brown; trans. Ayi Kwei Armah; contributors: David Anderson, American Council of Le ...
. * August 7September 20 – The first Canadian election sees John A. Macdonald's Conservatives elected to government. * August 15
Benjamin Disraeli Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British statesman and Conservative politician who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He played a central role in the creation o ...
's
Second Reform Act The Representation of the People Act 1867, 30 & 31 Vict. c. 102 (known as the Reform Act 1867 or the Second Reform Act) was a piece of British legislation that enfranchised part of the urban male working class in England and Wales for the first ...
enfranchises many men in cities for the first time, and adds 938,000 to an electorate of 1,057,000 in England and Wales. * September 2
Emperor Meiji , also called or , was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. Reigning from 13 February 1867 to his death, he was the first monarch of the Empire of Japan and presided over the Meiji era. He was the figur ...
of Japan marries Empress Shōken (née Masako Ichijō). The Empress consort is thereafter known as ''Lady Haruko''. * September 4 – The Sheffield Wednesday F.C. is founded, at the Adelphi Hotel in Sheffield. * September 14 – The first volume of '' Das Kapital'' (later translated into English as ''Capital'') is published by Karl Marx. * September 30 – The United States takes control of Midway Island.


October–December

* October 12 – End of
penal transportation Penal transportation or transportation was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their ...
from Britain as the last convict ship, the '' Hougoumont'', departs from Portsmouth on an 89-day passage to Western Australia. 62 Fenians are among the transportees. * October 18 – Alaska is transferred from Russia to the US, becoming the Department of Alaska. * October 21 – '
Manifest destiny Manifest destiny was a cultural belief in the 19th century in the United States, 19th-century United States that American settlers were destined to expand across North America. There were three basic tenets to the concept: * The special vir ...
': Medicine Lodge Treaty – Near Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas, a landmark treaty is signed by southern
Great Plains The Great Plains (french: Grandes Plaines), sometimes simply "the Plains", is a broad expanse of flatland in North America. It is located west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains, much of it covered in prairie, steppe, an ...
Indian leaders, requiring Native American Plains tribes to relocate to a reservation in western
Oklahoma Oklahoma (; Choctaw language, Choctaw: ; chr, ᎣᎧᎳᎰᎹ, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the nor ...
. * October 27
Italian unification The unification of Italy ( it, Unità d'Italia ), also known as the ''Risorgimento'' (, ; ), was the 19th-century political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single ...
:
Giuseppe Garibaldi Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi ( , ;In his native Ligurian language, he is known as ''Gioxeppe Gaibado''. In his particular Niçard dialect of Ligurian, he was known as ''Jousé'' or ''Josep''. 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, patr ...
's troops march into Rome. * November 2 – the first issue of the women's fashion magazine ''
Harper's Bazaar ''Harper's Bazaar'' is an American monthly women's fashion magazine. It was first published in New York City on November 2, 1867, as the weekly ''Harper's Bazar''. ''Harper's Bazaar'' is published by Hearst and considers itself to be the st ...
'' is published. It was published weekly, but later monthly. *
November 9 Events Pre-1600 * 694 – At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery. * 1277 – The Treaty of Aberconwy, a humiliating settlement f ...
– The last '' shōgun'' of Japan,
Tokugawa Yoshinobu Prince was the 15th and last ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful. He resigned of his position as shogun in late 1867, while aiming ...
, tenders his resignation to
Emperor Meiji , also called or , was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. Reigning from 13 February 1867 to his death, he was the first monarch of the Empire of Japan and presided over the Meiji era. He was the figur ...
. * November 21 – American temperance crusader Carrie Nation marries Dr. Charles Gloyd. * November 23 – The three ' Manchester Martyrs' are hanged in England for the murder of a policeman whilst attempting to rescue two Irish Republican Brotherhood members from imprisonment on 18 September. * December 2 – In a New York City theater, English author Charles Dickens gives his first public reading in the United States. * December 18Angola Horror (Buffalo, New York-area train wreck): The fiery death of 49 people leads John D. Rockefeller to develop and sell his Mineral Seal 300 °F Fire-Tested Burning Oil, and George Westinghouse to invent the railway air brake, which is mandated in the United States in
1893 Events January–March * January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America. * Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson. * January 6 – Th ...
.


Date unknown

* Pierre Michaux invents the front wheel-driven velocipede, the first mass-produced bicycle. * South African diamond fields are discovered. * The
Prohibition National Committee The Prohibition Party (PRO) is a political party in the United States known for its historic opposition to the sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages and as an integral part of the temperance movement. It is the oldest existing third party ...
is formed in the United States. * Clarke School for the Deaf in Western Massachusetts opens its doors for the first time, becoming the first school for the deaf in the United States to teach its children how to communicate using the ''oral method''. * At
Fountain Point Fountain Point is a geographic landmark located on the eastern shore of South Lake Leelanau in Suttons Bay Township, Michigan. Its name is derived from a fountain of sparkling artesian spring water, situated on a large point on Lake Leelanau ...
, Michigan, an artesian water spring begins to gush continuously. * The modern rose is born, with the introduction of Rosa 'La France' by Jean-Baptiste André Guillot. *
Gorse ''Ulex'' (commonly known as gorse, furze, or whin) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. The genus comprises about 20 species of thorny evergreen shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. The species are n ...
is naturalised in New Zealand, where it soon becomes the worst invasive weed. * The
Swedish famine of 1867–1869 The Famine of 1867–1869 was the last famine in Sweden, and (together with the Finnish famine of 1866–1868) the last major famine in Northern Europe. In Sweden, the year 1867 was known as ''Storsvagåret'' ('Year of Great Weakness') and, in ...
begins. * Yellow fever kills 3,093 in New Orleans. * The Wasps Rugby Football Club is formed in Middlesex, England. * Margarine Unie, as predecessor of Unilever, worldwide toiletries, beauty care, beverage brand, founded in Netherlands. * Delhaize, as predecessor for Ahold Delhaize, a major retail group of Europe, founded in Belgium. * The game Parcheesi is introduced.


Ongoing

* Paraguayan War * 1867–1873 – Chinese, Scandinavian and Irish immigrants lay of railroad tracks in the USA.


Births


January–March

* January 5Dimitrios Gounaris, 94th Prime Minister of Greece (d.
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic), Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éirean ...
) *
January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...
Takejirō Tokonami, Japanese politician, Home Minister, Railway Minister and Minister of Communication (d.
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935, an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * ...
) *
January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...
** Emily Greene Balch, American writer, pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 ...
) ** Thomas Coward, English ornithologist (d.
1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...
) * January 17Carl Laemmle, German-born film executive (d.
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...
) * January 18 – Rubén Darío, Nicaraguan poet (d. 1916) * January 20 – Yvette Guilbert, French singer, actress (d. 1944) * January 21 ** James Marcus (American actor), James Marcus, American actor (d. 1937) ** Maxime Weygand, French general (d. 1965) * January 29 – Carl L. Boeckmann, Norwegian-American artist (d. 1923) * February 4 – Alexander Godley, British general (d. 1957) *
February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nd ...
– Laura Ingalls Wilder, Laura Elizabeth Wilder, née Ingalls, American children's author (d. 1957) * February 8 – William Michael Crose, United States Navy Commander (United States), Commander and the seventh List of governors of American Samoa, Naval Governor of American Samoa (d. 1929) * February 10 – Charles W. Bryan, American politician (d. 1945) * February 21 – Otto Hermann Kahn, German-born American millionaire, philanthropist (d. 1934) * February 27 – Irving Fisher, American economist (d. 1947) * March 4 – Charles Pelot Summerall, American general (d. 1955) * March 6 – Samuel Franklin Cody, American aviation pioneer (d. 1913) * March 19 – Sakichi Toyoda, Japanese inventor, industrialist (d. 1930) * March 21 – Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., American theatrical producer (d. 1932) * March 25 ** Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor (d. 1957) ** Gutzon Borglum, American artist and sculptor (Mount Rushmore) (d. 1941) * March 26 – Arnold Theiler, founder of the Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute in South Africa (d. 1936) * March 29 – Cy Young, American baseball player (d. 1955)


April–June

* April 2 – Eugen Sandow, German-born body builder, circus performer (d. 1925) * April 7 – Holger Pedersen (linguist), Holger Pedersen, Danish linguist (d. 1953) * April 9 – Chris Watson, 3rd Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1941) * April 10 – George William Russell, Irish nationalist, poet and artist (d.
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935, an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * ...
) * April 13 – Sammy Woods, English cricketer (d. 1931) * April 16 – Wilbur Wright, American aviation pioneer, co-inventor of the airplane with brother Orville (d. 1912) * April 23 – Johannes Fibiger, Danish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1928) * May 3 – J. T. Hearne, English cricketer (d. 1944) * May 7 – Władysław Reymont, Polish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1925) * May 14 – Kurt Eisner, German politician, publicist (d. 1919) * May 26 – Mary of Teck, Queen Mary, wife of George V of Great Britain (d. 1953) * June 2 – William Goodenough, British admiral (d. 1945) * June 4 – Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, 6th President of Finland (d. 1951) * June 8 – Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect (d. 1959) * June 9 – Clarence Geldart, Canadian-American actor (d.
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935, an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * ...
) * June 17 – Flora Finch, British-American silent film comedian (d. 1940) *
June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting ...
– Leon Wachholz, Polish scientist and medical examiner (d. 1942) * June 24 – J. Gordon Edwards, American film director (d. 1925) * June 28 – Luigi Pirandello, Italian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936) * June 30 – Edward L. Beach, Sr., American naval officer, author (d. 1943)


July–September

* July 8 – Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (d. 1945) * July 10 – Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany (German Reich), Chancellor of Germany (d. 1929) * July 24 – E. F. Benson, English writer (d. 1940) * July 27 – Enrique Granados, Spanish composer (d. 1916) * July 28 – Charles Dillon Perrine, American-born astronomer (d. 1951) * July 29 – Berthold Oppenheim, Moravian rabbi (d. 1942) * August 3 – Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1947) * August 9 – Evelina Haverfield, British suffragette (d. 1920) * August 11 – Hobart Bosworth, American film actor, director, writer and producer (d. 1943) * August 12 – Edith Hamilton, German-born American educator, author (d. 1963) * August 14 – John Galsworthy, English writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...
) * August 22 – Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician, nutritionist (d.
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...
) * August 28 – Umberto Giordano, Italian opera composer (d. 1948) * September 5 – Amy Beach, American pianist, composer (d. 1944) * September 7 – Albert Bassermann, German actor (d. 1952) * September 16 – Vintilă Brătianu, 31st Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1930) * September 17 – W. H. Ellis, American attorney and politician (d. 1948) * September 21 – Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe, English politician, 4th Governor-General of New Zealand (d. 1958) * September 28 – Hiranuma Kiichirō, 24th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1952) * September 29 – Walter Rathenau, German statesman, Weimar Republic foreign minister (d.
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic), Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éirean ...
)


October–December

* October 2 – James Stevenson-Hamilton, 1st warden of South Africa's Kruger National Park (d. 1957) * October 12 – Lyn Harding, Welsh actor (d. 1952) * October 14 – Masaoka Shiki, Japanese haiku poet (d. 1902) * October 16 – Mario Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Poggio Suasa (d. 1963) * October 25 ** Hiranuma Kiichirō, 35th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1952) ** Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki, Polish general (d. 1937) * October 27 – Viola Allen, American actress (d. 1948) * November 7 ** Marie Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Nobel Prize in Physics, physics (d. 1934) ** George Paish, English economist (d. 1957) * November 8 – Sadakichi Hartmann, German/Japanese critic, poet (d. 1944) *
November 9 Events Pre-1600 * 694 – At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery. * 1277 – The Treaty of Aberconwy, a humiliating settlement f ...
– Shrimad Rajchandra, prominent Indian Jainism, Jain philosopher, scholar, poet & spiritual mentor of Mahatma Gandhi (d. 1901) * November 17 – Henri Gouraud (general), Henri Gouraud, French general (d. 1946) * November 30 – János Vaszary, Hungarian painter and graphic artist (d.
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...
) * December 1 – Ignacy Mościcki, President of Poland (d. 1946) * December 2 – Alec B. Francis, English actor (d. 1934) * December 5 – Józef Piłsudski, Polish statesman, field marshal (d.
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935, an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * ...
) * December 13 – Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian physicist (d. 1917) * December 16 – Amy Carmichael, Irish Protestant missionary (d. 1951) * December 18 – Nakamura Yoshikoto, Japanese entrepreneur and politician, Mayor of Tokyo (d. 1927) * December 23 – Madam C. J. Walker, first African-American millionaire (d. 1919) * December 23 – Clotilde Apponyi, Hungarian women's rights activist, diplomat (d. 1942) * December 26 – Yordan Milanov, Bulgarian architect (d. 1932)


Date unknown

* Lilian Bell, American novelist and travel writer (d. 1929) * Habib Pacha Es-Saad, 3rd Prime Minister and 2nd President of Lebanon (d. 1942) * Florence Fuller, South African-born Australian artist (d. 1946) * Zhang Haipeng, Chinese and Manchukuoan general (d. 1949) *Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri, Indian Islamic scholar and author (d. 1921) * Elena Meissner, Romanian women's rights activist (d. 1940)


Deaths


January–June

* January 14 – Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, French painter (b. 1780) *
January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...
Emperor Kōmei was the 121st Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'')孝明天皇 (121)/ref> Kōmei's reign spanned the years from 1846 through 1867, corresponding to the final years of the ...
, 121st Emperor of Japan (b. 1831) * March 6 – Charles Farrar Browne, Artemus Ward, American humorist (b. 1834) (tuberculosis) * March 25 – Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, German chemist (b. 1795) * April 1 – Louis du Couret, French explorer, writer and military officer (b. 1812) * April 12 – David Canabarro, Brazilian general, Gaúcho revolutionary (b. 1796) * April 18 – Robert Smirke (architect), Robert Smirke, British architect (b. 1780) * April 27 – Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover, after whom Big Ben may be named (b. 1802) * May 12 – Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard Gerhard, German archaeologist (b. 1795) * May 23 – William Crawshay II, Welsh industrialist (b. 1788) * May 29 – Margaretta Morris, American entomologist (b. 1797) * June 19 – Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico (executed) (b. 1832)


July–December

* JulyThomas Baker, Methodist missionary to Fiji (b. 1832) *
July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...
– Thomas Francis Meagher, American Civil War general (b. 1823) * July 26 – King Otto of Greece (b. 1815) * July 31 ** Benoît Fourneyron, French engineer, inventor of the turbine (b. 1802) ** Catharine Maria Sedgwick, American "domestic fiction" novelist (b. 1789) * August 3 – August Böckh, German scholar and antiquarian (b. 1785) * August 6 – David R. Porter, American politician (b. 1788) * August 8 – Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867), Maria Theresa of Austria, second Queen consort of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies (b. 1816) * August 21 – Juan Álvarez, interim president of Mexico in 1855 (b. 1790) * August 25 – Michael Faraday, English chemist, physicist (b. 1791) * August 31 – Charles Baudelaire, French writer (b. 1821) * September 10 – Simon Sechter, Austrian music teacher (b. 1788) * September 26 – James Ferguson (American astronomer), James Ferguson, Scotland-born American astronomer (b. 1797) * October 9 – Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński, Polish composer (b. 1807) * October 11 – Gunatitanand Swami, Indian paramahamsa of the Hindu Swaminarayan Sampraday sect (b. 1785) * October 23 – Franz Bopp, German linguist (b. 1791) * October 25 – Abuna Salama III, metropolitan of the Ethiopian Church * October 31 – William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, Irish astronomer (b. 1800) * November 19 – Fitz-Greene Halleck, American poet (b. 1790) * November 19 – Ren Zhu, Chinese leader of the Nian Rebellion (b. 1830?) * December 1 – Filaret, Metropolitan of Moscow, Russian Orthodox leader (b. 1782) * December 10 – Sakamoto Ryōma, Japanese samurai, politician and businessman (b. 1836) * December 26 – József Kossics, Hungarian-Slovenian Catholic priest, writer and ethnologist (b. 1788) * December 30 – Sarah Booth, English actress (b. 1793)


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1867 1867,