Events from the year 1853 in France.
Incumbents
*
Monarch –
Napoleon III
Events
*30 June -
Georges-Eugène Haussmann is selected as ''
préfect'' of the
Seine (department) to begin the re-planning of Paris.
*6 December -
Taiping Rebellion: French
minister
Minister may refer to:
* Minister (Christianity), a Christian cleric
** Minister (Catholic Church)
* Minister (government), a member of government who heads a ministry (government department)
** Minister without portfolio, a member of government w ...
de Bourboulon arrives at the
Heavenly Capital aboard the ''Cassini''.
*14 December -
Compagnie Générale des Eaux established by imperial decree.
*
Arthur de Gobineau begins publication of his ''
An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races'' (''Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines'').
Births
*20 January -
Marguerite de Witt-Schlumberger
Marguerite de Witt-Schlumberger (20 January 1853 – 23 October 1924) was a French campaigner for pronatalism, alcoholic abstinence, and feminism. She was the president of the French Union for Women's Suffrage (''Union française pour le suffra ...
, feminist campaigner (died
1924
Events
January
* January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after.
* January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China hol ...
).
*23 April -
Jules Auguste Lemire, priest and social reformer (died
1928
Events January
* January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA.
* January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhanov, J ...
).
*27 April -
Jules Lemaître, critic and dramatist (died
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
).
*21 May -
Jacques Marie Eugène Godefroy Cavaignac, politician (died
1905
As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony i ...
).
*14 July -
Henri Menier, businessman and adventurer (died
1913
Events January
* January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos (1913), Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not ven ...
).
*24 July -
Henri-Alexandre Deslandres, astronomer (died
1948
Events January
* January 1
** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated.
** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect.
** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
).
*14 August –
Dominique-Marie Gauchet
Dominique-Marie Gauchet (14 August 1853 in Vains – 4 February 1931 in Vains) was a French admiral during World War I.
Life
After a career of almost 40 years in the French Navy, Gauchet was appointed commander of the French Dardanelles squadr ...
, admiral (died
1931
Events
January
* January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics.
* January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa.
* January 22 – Sir I ...
)
*9 September -
Pierre Marie, neurologist (died
1940
A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
*January ...
).
*30 October -
Louise Abbéma, painter and designer (died
1927
Events January
* January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith becomes the first Director-General.
* January 7
* ...
).
*17 December -
Pierre Paul Émile Roux
Pierre is a masculine given name. It is a French form of the name Peter. Pierre originally meant "rock" or "stone" in French (derived from the Greek word πέτρος (''petros'') meaning "stone, rock", via Latin "petra"). It is a translation ...
, physician, bacteriologist and immunologist (died
1933
Events
January
* January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand.
* January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...
).
*26 December -
René Bazin, novelist (died
1932
Events January
* January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel.
* January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
).
*30 December -
André Messager, composer and conductor (died
1929
This year marked the end of a period known in American history as the Roaring Twenties after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ushered in a worldwide Great Depression. In the Americas, an agreement was brokered to end the Cristero War, a Catholic ...
).
Deaths
*8 January -
Claude-Laurent Bourgeois de Jessaint, aristocrat and civic administrator (born
1764
1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday and is the fifth year of the 1760s decade, the 64th year of the 18th century, and the 764th year of the 2nd millennium.
Events
January–June
* January 7 – The Siculicidium is ...
).
*20 February -
Jean-François Bayard, playwright (born
1796).
*3 April -
Louis Gustave le Doulcet, comte de Pontécoulant, politician (born 1764).
*11 April -
Louis-Emmanuel Jadin, composer, pianist and harpsichordist (born
1768
Events
January–March
* January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London.
* February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House of Rep ...
).
*23 April -
Auguste Laurent
Auguste Laurent (14 November 1807 – 15 April 1853) was a French chemist who helped in the founding of organic chemistry with his discoveries of anthracene, phthalic acid, and carbolic acid.
He devised a systematic nomenclature for organic chem ...
, chemist (born
1807
Events
January–March
* January 7 – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland issues an Order in Council prohibiting British ships from trading with France or its allies.
* January 20 – The Sierra Leone Company, faced with b ...
).
*27 May -
Jean Marie Pardessus, lawyer (born
1772
Events January–March
* January 10 – Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor of India, makes a triumphant return to Delhi 15 years after having been forced to flee.
* January 17 – Johann Friedrich Struensee and Queen Carolin ...
).
*May -
Henri-Bernard Dabadie
Henri-Bernard Dabadie (19 January 1797 – 20 May 1853) was a French baritone, particularly associated with Rossini and Auber roles.
Life and career
Born in Pau, Dabadie studied at the Paris Conservatory and made his debut at the Paris Opér ...
, baritone (born
1797
Events
January–March
* January 3 – The Treaty of Tripoli, a peace treaty between the United States and Ottoman Tripolitania, is signed at Algiers (''see also'' 1796).
* January 7 – The parliament of the Cisalpine Re ...
).
*3 September -
Augustin Saint-Hilaire, botanist and traveller (born
1799
Events
January–June
* January 9 – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound, to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the French Revolutionary Wars.
* January ...
).
*10 October -
Pierre François Léonard Fontaine, architect, interior decorator and designer (born
1762
Events
January–March
* January 4 – Britain enters the Seven Years' War against Spain and Naples.
* January 5 – Empress Elisabeth of Russia dies, and is succeeded by her nephew Peter III. Peter, an admirer of Frederick t ...
).
References
{{Year in Europe, 1853
1850s in France