1820s
File:1820s collage.jpg, 420x420px, From top left, clockwise: Ludwig van Beethoven re-emerged as a popular composer during this decade, when his iconic Symphony No. 9 is first performed in Vienna in 1824. The First Industrial Revolution achieves ...
,
1840s
The 1840s (pronounced "eighteen-forties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1840, and ended on December 31, 1849.
The decade was noted in Europe for featuring the largely unsuccessful Revolutions of 1848, also know ...
Princess of Wales
Princess of Wales (Welsh: ''Tywysoges Cymru'') is a courtesy title used since the 14th century by the wife of the heir apparent to the English and later British throne. The current title-holder is Catherine (née Middleton).
The title was firs ...
- ''vacant''
Events
*
1830
It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy.
Events January–March
* January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) b ...
*
1831
Events
January–March
* January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing '' The Liberator'', an anti-slavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts.
* January 10 – Japanese department store, Takashimaya in Kyoto establ ...
*
1832
Events
January–March
* January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society.
* January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white plan ...
*
1833
Events January–March
* January 3 – Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (1833), Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.
* February 6 – His Royal Highness Prince Otto ...
*
1834
Events
January–March
* January – The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina.
* January 1 – Zollverein (Germany): Customs charges are abolished at borders within its member states.
* January 3 ...
*
1835
Events
January–March
* January 7 – anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin on board as naturalist.
* January 8 – The United States public debt contracts to zero, for the only time in history.
...
*
1836
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
* January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas.
* January 12
** , with Charles Darwin on board, r ...
*
1837
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes 6,000–7,000 casualties in Ottoman Syria.
* January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States.
* February – Charles Dickens's ...
*
1838
Events
January–March
* January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London.
* January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration o ...
*
1839
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre.
* January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years.
* January 9 – T ...
Eliza Constantia Campbell
Eliza Constantia Campbell (née Pryce; 8 January 1796 – 1864) was a Welsh author.
Campbell was the daughter of Richard Pryce, Esq., of Gunley, Montgomeryshire. She was married twice: first, in 1827, to Commander Robert Campbell, R.N., of Edi ...
- ''Tales about Wales'' (1837)
* John Evans (I. D. Ffraid) - ''Hanes yr Iddewon'' (1831)
*''Y Fwyalchen'' (poetry anthology) (1835)
* Felicia Hemans - ''Songs of the Affections'' (1830)
*
Benjamin Jones (PA Môn) Benjamin Jones may refer to:
*Benjamin Jones (congressman) (1787–1861), U.S. Representative from Ohio
*Benjamin Jones (cyclist) (1882–1963), British track cyclist
*Benjamin Jones (author), 19th century author, see 1824 in Wales
*Benjamin Jones ...
- ''Athrawiaeth Bedydd'' (1830)
*Sir
Samuel Rush Meyrick
Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, KH (16 August 1783 – 2 April 1848) was an English collector and scholar of arms and armour. He lived at Goodrich Court, Goodrich, Herefordshire, and introduced systematic principles to the study of his subject.
Li ...
- ''Engraved Illustrations of Antient Arms and Armour, from the Collection at Goodrich Court'' (1830)
*
Thomas Price (Carnhuanawc)
The Reverend Thomas Price (2 October 1787 – 7 November 1848) (known by the bardic name of Carnhuanawc) was a historian and a major Welsh literary figure of the early 19th century. Price was also "an essayist, orator, naturalist, educationalist, ...
- ''Hanes Cymru a Chenedl y Cymry o'r Cynoesoedd hyd at Farwolaeth Llywelyn ap Gruffydd'', vol. 1 (1836)
*
William Williams (Caledfryn)
William Williams (pen name "Caledfryn" or "Gwilym Caledfryn") (6 February 1801 – 23 March 1869) was a Welsh Congregational
Congregational churches (also Congregationalist churches or Congregationalism) are Protestant churches in the Calvini ...
- ''Drych Barddonol'' (1839)
Music
*
Thomas Griffiths (Tau Gimel) Thomas, Tom or Tommy Griffiths may refer to:
* Thomas Griffiths Wainewright (1794–1847), English journalist and subject-painter
* Thomas Griffiths (bishop) (1791–1847), English Roman Catholic bishop
* Thomas Griffiths (general) (1865–1947), A ...
- ''Casgliad o Hymnau'' (1830)
*David James - ''Myfyrdawd'' (1833)
Births
*1830
**
23 January
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
*1264 &ndas ...
-
Thomas Lloyd-Mostyn
Thomas Edward Mostyn Lloyd-Mostyn (23 January 1830 – 8 May 1861), was a British Liberal Party (UK) Member of Parliament (MP).
Lloyd-Mostyn was the eldest son and heir apparent of Edward Lloyd-Mostyn, 2nd Baron Mostyn. He was educated at Ch ...
, politician (d. 1861)
**
22 April
Events Pre-1600
*1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil.
* 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
* 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern h ...
-
Sarah Emily Davies
Sarah Emily Davies (22 April 1830 – 13 July 1921) was an English feminist and suffragist, and a pioneering campaigner for women's rights to university access. She is remembered above all as a co-founder and an early Mistress of Girton Colle ...
25 May
Events Pre-1600
*567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
* 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo ...
-
Robert Williams (Trebor Mai)
Robert Williams (25 May 1830 - 5 August 1877), usually referred to by his bardic name Trebor Mai, was a Welsh language poet, born at Ty'n-yr-ardd near Llanrhychwyn, near Llanrwst, in the old county of Caernarfonshire, the son of a tailor. He ...
, poet (d. 1877)
*1831
**
20 December
Events Pre-1600
*AD 69 – Antonius Primus enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor for Nero's former general Vespasian.
*1192 – Richard I of England is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England af ...
-
William T. Davies
William Tecumseh Davies (December 20, 1831 – September 21, 1912) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a Pennsylvania state senator and as the fourth lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania from 1887 to 1891.
Davies was born in Gla ...
, Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 1912)
*1832
**
5 January
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French arm ...
- Love Jones-Parry, politician and Patagonian settler (d. 1891)
**
3 April
Events Pre-1600
* 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul.
* 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
* 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created ...
-
William Thomas (Islwyn)
William Thomas, bardic name
A bardic name (, ) is a pseudonym used in Wales, Cornwall, or Brittany by poets and other artists, especially those involved in the eisteddfod movement.
The Welsh term bardd ("poet") originally referred to the Welsh ...
, poet (d. 1878)
**
25 September
Events Pre-1600
* 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus.
* 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt ag ...
-
John Ceiriog Hughes
John Ceiriog Hughes (25 September 1832 – 23 April 1887) was a Welsh poet and collector of Welsh folk tunes, sometimes termed a Robert Burns of Wales. He was born at Penybryn Farm, overlooking the village of Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog in the Cei ...
, poet (d. 1887)
*1833
**''date unknown''
***
Richard Davies (Mynyddog)
Richard Davies (Mynyddog) (10 January 1833 – 14 July 1877) was a popular Welsh language, Welsh-language poet, singer, and Eisteddfod conductor. The original source of the name Mynyddog is from Newydd Fynyddog, a hill near his home. Another sub ...
, poet (d. 1877)
***
James James
James James (also known by the bardic name ''Iago ap Ieuan'') (1832–1902) was a harpist and musician from Hollybush, Blackwood, Wales. He composed the tune of the Welsh national anthem ''Hen Wlad fy Nhadau'' (also known as ''Land of my Fathe ...
, harpist and composer (d. 1902)
*1834
**
16 October
Events Pre-1600
* 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.
* 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.
* 91 ...
30 January
Events Pre-1600
*1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.
* 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom.
1601–1900
*1607 – An estimated ...
5 July
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus (Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius.
* 1316 – The Burgundian and ...
-
Evan Herber Evans
Evan Herber Evans (5 July 183630 December 1896), was a Welsh Nonconformist minister.
Early life
He was the eldest son of Josiah and Sarah Evans of Pant-yr-onen, near Newcastle Emlyn, Carmarthenshire, where he was born on 5 July 1836. As a boy h ...
, minister (d. 1896)
**
30 September
Events Pre-1600
* 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time.
* 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their b ...
-
George Douglas-Pennant, 2nd Baron Penrhyn
George Sholto Gordon Douglas-Pennant, 2nd Baron Penrhyn (30 September 1836 – 10 March 1907), was a landowner who played a prominent part in the Welsh slate industry as the owner of the Penrhyn Quarry in North Wales.
Life
He was born at Linton ...
, industrialist (d. 1907)
**
6 October
Events Pre-1600
*105 BC – Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio accelerates the Marian reforms of the Roman army of the mid-Republic.
*69 BC – Third Mithridatic War: The military of the Roman Republic subdue Armenia.
*AD ...
-
Allen Raine
Allen Raine was the pseudonym of the Welsh novelist Anne Adalisa Beynon Puddicombe (6 October 1836 – 21 June 1908), who was born in Newcastle Emlyn. Her novels had sold more than two million copies by 1912.
Life
She was born Anne Adalisa Evan ...
, novelist (d. 1908)
**
20 October
Events Pre-1600
*1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent.
*1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the rel ...
- Daniel Owen, novelist (d. 1895)
**''date unknown'' -
John Jones (Myrddin Fardd)
John Jones (1836 – 27 July 1921), better known under his ''nom de plume'' Myrddin Fardd, was a Welsh writer and antiquarian scholar born at Tan-y-Ffordd in the village of Mynytho, Llangian, Caernarfonshire. He was a translator and a collector ...
, poet (d. 1921)
*1837
**
5 August
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty.
* 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...
-
William Lewis, 1st Baron Merthyr
William Thomas Lewis, 1st Baron Merthyr (5 August 1837 – 27 August 1914), known as Sir William Lewis, 1st Baronet, from 1896 to 1911, was a Welsh coal mining magnate.
Early life
Lewis was born in 1837 in Merthyr Tydfil, Glamorganshire, the s ...
, industrialist (d. 1914)
**
6 September
Events Pre-1600
* 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later.
*1492 – Christopher Colum ...
-
Henry Thomas Edwards
Henry Thomas Edwards (6 September 1837 – 24 May 1884) was a Welsh preacher.
Life
Edwards was born at Llan-ym-Mawddwy, Merioneth, where his father was vicar. He was educated at Westminster but left Westminster in his seventeenth year with the ...
, preacher (d. 1884)
**
22 September
Events Pre-1600
* 904 – The warlord Zhu Quanzhong kills Emperor Zhaozong, the penultimate emperor of the Tang dynasty, after seizing control of the imperial government.
* 1236 – The Samogitians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the ...
- Thomas Charles Edwards, minister, writer and first principal of the University of Wales (d. 1900)
**
26 December
Events Pre-1600
* 887 – Berengar I is elected as king of Italy by the lords of Lombardy. He is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy at Pavia.
*1481 – Battle of Westbroek: An army of 4,000 to 5,000 soldiers raised by David of B ...
William Bowen Rowlands
William Bowen Rowlands (1837 – 4 September 1906), was a British politician and Member of Parliament.
He was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, matriculating on 22 March 1854 at the age of 18. He was a scholar from 1855 to 1858, obtaining h ...
, politician (d. 1906)
*1838
**''date unknown'' -
Charles Gresford Edmondes
Charles Gresford Edmondes (1838–1893) was an archdeacon and college principal.
He was the son of Thomas Edmondes the vicar of Cowbridge; his uncle was Charles Williams (1806–1877), who later became principal of Jesus College, Oxford; his ...
, clergyman and teacher (d. 1893)
*1839
**
7 March
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
*1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Coblen ...
- Ludwig Mond, German-born industrialist (d. 1909)
**
24 September
Events Pre-1600
*787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia.
*1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...
-
John Neale Dalton
Canon John Neale Dalton (24 September 1839 – 28 July 1931) was a Church of England clergyman and author. He was a chaplain to Queen Victoria, a Canon of Windsor
The Dean and Canons of Windsor are the ecclesiastical body of St George ...
26 June
Events Pre-1600
* 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius.
* 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar.
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat f ...
- King
George IV of the United Kingdom
George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from the death of his father, King George III, on 29 January 1820, until his own death ten y ...
, formerly the second longest-serving Prince of Wales (1762-1820)
*1831
**
7 January
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting.
* 1325 – Alfonso IV ...
8 June
Events Pre-1600
* 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.
* 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...
13 August
Events Pre-1600
* 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.
* 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas.
* 554 – Em ...
- Dic Penderyn, labourer (executed) (born 1808)
*1834
**
11 August
Events Pre-1600
* 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins.
* 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and found ...
-
William Crawshay I
William Crawshay (1764 – 11 August 1834) was a British industrialist. Born in South Wales, he spent most of his life in London.
He was the only surviving son of Richard Crawshay, one of the richest men in the United Kingdom. He had three s ...
, industrialist (b. 1764)
**
2 September
Events
Pre-1600
*44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
* 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them ...
13 May
Events Pre-1600
* 1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book ''Revelations of Divine Love''.
* 1501 – Amerigo Vesp ...
3 June
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, depose ...
-
William Owen Pughe
William Owen Pughe (7 August 1759 – 4 June 1835) was a Welsh antiquarian and grammarian best known for his ''Welsh and English Dictionary'', published in 1803, but also known for his grammar books and "Pughisms" (neologisms)."The Inventio ...
22 November
Events Pre-1600
* 498 – After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore.
* 845 – The first duke of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats the Fra ...
19 February
Events Pre-1600
* 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies.
* 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pa ...
14 March
Events Pre-1600
*1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
*1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...
19 July
Events Pre-1600
*AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
* 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is re ...
26 December
Events Pre-1600
* 887 – Berengar I is elected as king of Italy by the lords of Lombardy. He is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy at Pavia.
*1481 – Battle of Westbroek: An army of 4,000 to 5,000 soldiers raised by David of B ...
16 May
Events Pre-1600
* 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan.
* 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
*136 ...