This is a timeline of
philosophy
Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...
in the
17th century
The 17th century lasted from January 1, 1601 ( MDCI), to December 31, 1700 ( MDCC). It falls into the early modern period of Europe and in that continent (whose impact on the world was increasing) was characterized by the Baroque cultural moveme ...
(
17th-century philosophy This is a timeline of philosophy in the 17th century (17th-century philosophy).
Events
* 1649 – Christina, Queen of Sweden (reigned 1633–1654) invited René Descartes to educate her in his philosophical views, particularly his insight in ...
).
Events
*
1649
Events
January–March
* January 4 – In England, the Rump Parliament passes an ordinance to set up a High Court of Justice, to try Charles I for high treason.
* January 17 – The Second Ormonde Peace concludes an allian ...
–
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Christina ( sv, Kristina, 18 December (New Style) 1626 – 19 April 1689), a member of the House of Vasa, was Queen of Sweden in her own right from 1632 until her abdication in 1654. She succeeded her father Gustavus Adolphus upon his death a ...
(reigned 1633–1654) invited
René Descartes
René Descartes ( or ; ; Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science. Mathem ...
to educate her in his philosophical views, particularly his insight into Catholicism.
Descartes arrived on 4 October 1649, and tutored her for the next 4 months until he caught pneumonia and died ten days later on 11 February 1650. Speculations have been made as to the causes of his illness. Some cite the icy weather, others argue it may have been elicited by the rigorous schedule asked of Descartes by the queen. In 1991 a German scholar published a book questioning this account and more arguments against its veracity have been raised.
Publications
* 1644 –
Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro
Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro (1620 – 15 June 1679) was a Polish szlachcic and writer.
He was born in 1620. Fredro studied at the Cracow Academy.
He was castellan of Lwów from 1654 and voivode of the Podolian Voivodeship from 1676. He was Marshal ...
- ''Monita Politico-Moralia et Icon Ingeniorum''
*
1649
Events
January–March
* January 4 – In England, the Rump Parliament passes an ordinance to set up a High Court of Justice, to try Charles I for high treason.
* January 17 – The Second Ormonde Peace concludes an allian ...
–
René Descartes
René Descartes ( or ; ; Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science. Mathem ...
- ''
Passions of the Soul
In his final philosophical treatise, ''The Passions of the Soul'' (french: Les Passions de l'âme), completed in 1649 and dedicated to Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia, René Descartes contributes to a long tradition of philosophical inquiry into the ...
''
* 1649 –
Pierre Gassendi
Pierre Gassendi (; also Pierre Gassend, Petrus Gassendi; 22 January 1592 – 24 October 1655) was a French philosopher, Catholic priest, astronomer, and mathematician. While he held a church position in south-east France, he also spent much tim ...
- ''Animadversiones''
* 1649 –
John Milton
John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet and intellectual. His 1667 epic poem '' Paradise Lost'', written in blank verse and including over ten chapters, was written in a time of immense religious flux and political ...
- ''
Tenure of Kings and Magistrates''
* 1688 –
Gottfried Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz . ( – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat. He is one of the most prominent figures in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathem ...
**''Brevis Demonstratio Erroris Memorabilis Cartesii et Aliorum Circa Legem Naturae'' (A Brief Demonstration of the Memorable Error of
Descartes and Others About the Law of Nature)
**''Discours de Métaphysique''
*
1700 –
Mary Astell
Mary Astell (12 November 1666 – 11 May 1731) was an English protofeminist writer, philosopher, and rhetorician. Her advocacy of equal educational opportunities for women has earned her the title "the first English feminist."Batchelor, Jennie ...
, ''
Some Reflections Upon Marriage''
Births
*
1632
Events
January–March
* January – The Holland's Leguer, a brothel in London, is closed after having been besieged for a month.
* February 22 – Galileo's ''Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems'' is pub ...
–
John Locke
John Locke (; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism ...
*
1649
Events
January–March
* January 4 – In England, the Rump Parliament passes an ordinance to set up a High Court of Justice, to try Charles I for high treason.
* January 17 – The Second Ormonde Peace concludes an allian ...
–
Samuel Bold
Samuel Bolde (1649–1737) was an English people, English clergyman and controversialist, a supporter of the arguments of John Locke for religious toleration.
Life
Apparently a native of Chester, he was brought up by William Cook, a Nonconformist ...
- English advocate of
John Locke
John Locke (; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism ...
's argument for religious toleration (d. 1737)
* 1649 –
Samuel Johnson (pamphleteer)
Samuel Johnson (1649–1703) was an English clergyman and political writer, sometimes called "the Whig" to distinguish him from the author and lexicographer of the same name. He is one of the best known pamphlet writers who developed Whig resi ...
- One of the major developers of the
Whig resistance theory (d. 1703)
*
October 11
Events Pre-1600
* 1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever.
*1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars.
* 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of Eng ...
1675
Events
January–March
* January 5 – Franco-Dutch War – Battle of Turckheim: The French defeat Austria and Brandenburg.
* January 29 – John Sassamon, an English-educated Native Americans in the United States, Nati ...
–
Samuel Clarke
Samuel Clarke (11 October 1675 – 17 May 1729) was an English philosopher and Anglican cleric. He is considered the major British figure in philosophy between John Locke and George Berkeley.
Early life and studies
Clarke was born in Norwich, ...
, English philosopher (d.
1729
Events
January–March
* January 8 – Frederick, the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanover ...
)
Deaths
*
November 19
Events Pre-1600
* 461 – Libius Severus is declared emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The real power is in the hands of the ''magister militum'' Ricimer.
* 636 – The Rashidun Caliphate defeats the Sasanian Empire at the Battle o ...
1649
Events
January–March
* January 4 – In England, the Rump Parliament passes an ordinance to set up a High Court of Justice, to try Charles I for high treason.
* January 17 – The Second Ormonde Peace concludes an allian ...
–
Caspar Schoppe
Caspar Schoppe (27 May 1576 – 19 November 1649) was a German catholic controversialist and scholar.
Life
He was born at Neumarkt in the upper Palatinate and studied at several German universities. He converted to Roman Catholicism in about 1599 ...
(born 1576)
- Best known for his book ''Grammatica philosophica'' (Milan, 1628)
*
February 21
Events Pre-1600
* 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.
* 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
* 1440 – The Prus ...
1677
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Jean Racine's tragedy ''Phèdre'' is first performed, in Paris.
* January 21 – The first medical publication in America (a pamphlet on smallpox) is produced in Boston.
* February 15 ...
–
Baruch Spinoza
Baruch (de) Spinoza (born Bento de Espinosa; later as an author and a correspondent ''Benedictus de Spinoza'', anglicized to ''Benedict de Spinoza''; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677) was a Dutch philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin, b ...
, Dutch philosopher (b.
1632
Events
January–March
* January – The Holland's Leguer, a brothel in London, is closed after having been besieged for a month.
* February 22 – Galileo's ''Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems'' is pub ...
)
*
1699
Events
January–March
* January 5 – A violent Java earthquake damages the city of Batavia on the Indonesian island of Java, killing at least 28 people
* January 20 – The Parliament of England (under Tory dominance) limits the size ...
–
Edward Stillingfleet
Edward Stillingfleet (17 April 1635 – 27 March 1699) was a British Christian theologian and scholar. Considered an outstanding preacher as well as a strong polemical writer defending Anglicanism, Stillingfleet was known as "the beauty of holin ...
, a critic of Locke.
[Friedrich Ueberweg. A History of Philosophy, from Thales to the Present Time. Translated by G S Morris from the Fourth German Edition. Volume 2]
Page 364
See also
*
List of centuries in philosophy
The following entries cover events related to the study of philosophy which occurred in the listed year or century.
Centuries
* 11th century in philosophy
* 12th century in philosophy
* 13th century in philosophy
* 14th century in philosophy
* 15 ...
References
{{Reflist
Further reading
*Daniel Garber and Michael Ayers (eds). The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-century Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. 1998. First paperback edition. 2003
Volume 2
*Dan Kaufman (ed). The Routledge Companion to Seventeenth Century Philosophy. 2017
Google Books
*Stuart Hampshire. The Master Philosophers: The Age of Reason: The 17th Century Philosophers. A Meridian Classic. New American Library. Meridian Books. Reprint. 1993
Google Books
*Peter R Anstey (ed). The Oxford Handbook of British Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century. 2013
Google Books
*
Wiep Van Bunge. From Stevin to Spinoza: An Essay on Philosophy in the Seventeenth-Century Dutch Republic. Brill. Leiden, Boston, Koln. 2001
Google Books*José R Maia Neto. Academic Skepticism in Seventeenth-Century French Philosophy: The Charronian Legacy 1601–1662. (International Archives of the History of Ideas 215). Springer. 2014
Google Books
*G A J Rogers, Tom Sorell and Jill Kraye (eds). Insiders and Outsiders in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy. Taylor and Francis e-Library. 2009. Routledge. 2010
Google Books
*Ross Harrison. Hobbes, Locke, and Confusion's Masterpiece: An Examination of Seventeenth Political Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. 2003
Google Books*Tom Sorell, G A J Rogers, Jill Kraye (eds) Scientia in Early Modern Philosophy: Seventeenth-Century Thinkers on Demonstrative Knowledge from First Principles. (Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 24). Springer. 2010
Google Books
*Susan James. Passion and Action: The Emotions in Seventeenth-century Philosophy. Clarendon Press. Reprinted 1999
Google Books
*Jacqueline Broad. Women Philosophers of the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge University Press. 2003
Google Books
*Henry Hallam. Introduction to the Literature of Europe, in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries. John Murray. Ablemarle Street, London. 1839. Volume 4. Chapter 3 ("History of Speculative Philosophy from 1650 to 1700")
Page 182et seq.
Early Modern philosophy
Philosophy by century