Events

Summary

The

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...

began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19

Battles of Lexington and Concord The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were fought on April 19, 1775, in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord ...

on the day after

Paul Revere Paul Revere (; December 21, 1734 O.S. (January 1, 1735 N.S.)May 10, 1818) was an American silversmith, engraver, early industrialist, Sons of Liberty member, and Patriot and Founding Father. He is best known for his midnight ride to ale ...

's now-legendary ride. The

Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress was a late-18th-century meeting of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that united in support of the American Revolutionary War. The Congress was creating a new country it first named "United Colonies" and in 1 ...

takes various steps toward organizing an American government, appointing

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...

commander-in-chief (June 14),

Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was an American polymath who was active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher. Encyclopædia Britannica, Wood, 2021 Among the leading inte ...

postmaster general (July 26) and creating a

Continental Navy The Continental Navy was the navy of the United States during the American Revolutionary War and was founded October 13, 1775. The fleet cumulatively became relatively substantial through the efforts of the Continental Navy's patron John Adams ...

(October 13) and a Marine force (November 10) as landing troops for it, but as yet the 13 colonies have not declared independence, and both the British (June 12) and American (July 15) governments make laws. On July 6, Congress issues the

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms The Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms was a Resolution adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 6, 1775, which explains why the Thirteen Colonies had taken up arms in what had become the American Revolutionary War ...

and on August 23,

King George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

of Great Britain declares the American colonies in rebellion, announcing it to Parliament on November 10. On June 17, two months into the colonial

siege of Boston The siege of Boston (April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776) was the opening phase of the American Revolutionary War. New England militiamen prevented the movement by land of the British Army, which was garrisoned in what was then the peninsular town ...

, at the

Battle of Bunker Hill The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the first stage of the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was peripherally involved in ...

, just north of Boston, British forces are victorious, but only after suffering severe casualties and after Colonial forces run out of ammunition, Fort Ticonderoga is taken by American forces in New York Colony's northern frontier, and American forces unsuccessfully invade Canada, with an attack on

Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-most populous city in Canada and List of towns in Quebec, most populous city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian ...

defeated by British forces on November 13 and an attack on

Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...

repulsed December 31. Human knowledge and mastery over nature advances when

James Watt James Watt (; 30 January 1736 (19 January 1736 OS) – 25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1776, which was fun ...

builds a successful prototype of a steam engine, and a scientific expedition continues as Captain

James Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean an ...

claims the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands in the south Atlantic Ocean for Britain. Nature's power over humanity is dramatically demonstrated when the

Independence Hurricane The 1775 Newfoundland hurricane, also known as the Independence Hurricane, was a hurricane that struck the Thirteen Colonies and the Colony of Newfoundland in August and September, 1775, at the outset of the American War of Independence. It is be ...

(August 29 – September 13) devastates the east coast of

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

, killing 4,173, and when, on the western side of the North American continent,

Tseax Cone The Tseax Cone ( ), also called the Tseax River Cone or the Aiyansh Volcano, is a young and active cinder cone and adjacent lava flows associated with the Nass Ranges and the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province. It is located east of Crater C ...

erupts in the future

British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...

, as well as when a

smallpox epidemic Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) cer ...

begins in New England. Smallpox was then cured by

Edward Jenner Edward Jenner, (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was a British physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines, and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. The terms ''vaccine'' and ''vaccination'' are derived f ...

January–June

* January – The

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

forces the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

to cede

Bukovina Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter BergerT ...

to its rule. *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 *1675 – Battle of Turckh ...

–

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...

finishes a Sonata for Keyboard in C. *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...

–

Second voyage of James Cook The second voyage of James Cook, from 1772 to 1775, commissioned by the British government with advice from the Royal Society, was designed to circumnavigate the globe as far south as possible to finally determine whether there was any great sou ...

: Captain

takes possession of

South Georgia South Georgia ( es, Isla San Pedro) is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It lies around east of the Falkland Islands. Stretching in the east� ...

for the

Kingdom of Great Britain The Kingdom of Great Britain (officially Great Britain) was a Sovereign state, sovereign country in Western Europe from 1 May 1707 to the end of 31 December 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of ...

. *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. * 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...

–

American Revolution The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revolut ...

: The

Parliament of Great Britain The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdo ...

declares the

Province of Massachusetts Bay The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in British America which became one of the Thirteen Colonies, thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III of England, William III and Mary II ...

to be in rebellion. *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

–

Pope Pius VI Pope Pius VI ( it, Pio VI; born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, 25 December 171729 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799. Pius VI condemned the French Revoluti ...

succeeds

Pope Clement XIV Pope Clement XIV ( la, Clemens XIV; it, Clemente XIV; 31 October 1705 – 22 September 1774), born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 May 1769 to his death in Sep ...

as the 250th

pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...

. *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

– The

British East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southea ...

factory A factory, manufacturing plant or a production plant is an industrial facility, often a complex consisting of several buildings filled with machinery, where workers manufacture items or operate machines which process each item into another. T ...

Balambangan Island Balambangan Island ( ms, Pulau Balambangan) is an island in Kudat Division, Sabah, Malaysia. It is located off the northern tip of Borneo and is situated just about 3 kilometres west of Banggi Island. It is now part of the Tun Mustapha Marine ...

is destroyed by

Moro pirates The Sulu and Celebes Seas, a semi- enclosed sea area and porous region that covers an area of space around 1 million square kilometres, have been subject to illegal maritime activities since the pre-colonial era and continue to pose a maritim ...

. *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...

–

Raghunathrao Raghunathrao Bhat (a.k.a. Ragho Ballal or Ragho Bharari) (18 August 1734 – 11 December 1783) was the 11th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire for a brief period from 1773 to 1774. He was known among the Hindus for his extremely successful North-west ...

Peshwa The Peshwa (Pronunciation: e(ː)ʃʋaː was the appointed (later becoming hereditary) prime minister of the Maratha Empire of the Indian subcontinent. Originally, the Peshwas served as subordinates to the Chhatrapati (the Maratha king); later, ...

of the

Maratha Empire The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern Indian confederation that came to dominate much of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. Maratha rule formally began in 1674 with the coronation of Shi ...

in India, signs the

Treaty of Surat {{Use dmy dates, date=April 2012 The Treaty of Surat (6 March 1775) was a treaty by which Raghunathrao, one of the claimants to the throne of the Peshwa, agreed to cede Salsette and Bassein Fort to the English, in consideration of being himself res ...

with the British Governor-General

Warren Hastings Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818) was a British colonial administrator, who served as the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and so the first Governor-Genera ...

Bombay Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second- ...

ceding the territories of

Salsette Salsette Island is an island in Konkan division of the state of Maharashtra on India's west coast. Administratively known as Greater Mumbai, the city district of Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban District, Mira Bhayander and a portion of Thane lie withi ...

and Bassein to the British

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southea ...

along with part of the revenues from

Surat Surat is a city in the western Indian state of Gujarat. The word Surat literally means ''face'' in Gujarati and Hindi. Located on the banks of the river Tapti near its confluence with the Arabian Sea, it used to be a large seaport. It is now ...

and

Bharuch Bharuch (), formerly known as Broach, is a city at the mouth of the river Narmada in Gujarat in western India. Bharuch is the administrative headquarters of Bharuch District. The city of Bharuch and surroundings have been settled since tim ...

districts in return for military assistance. This leads to the

First Anglo-Maratha War The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) was the first of three Anglo-Maratha Wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. The war began with the Treaty of Surat and ended with the Treaty of Salbai. The wa ...

fought between the British and the Marathas, ending with the Treaty of Salbai in

1782 Events January–March * January 7 – The first American commercial bank (Bank of North America) opens. * January 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the United States Congress to recommend establish ...

. *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of eigh ...

–

Catherine the Great , en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhal ...

of Russia issues a manifesto prohibiting freed serfs from being returned to

serfdom Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery, which develop ...

. *

March 23 Events Pre-1600 *1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. *1540 – Waltham Abbey Church, Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of ...

– American Revolution:

Patrick Henry Patrick Henry (May 29, 1736June 6, 1799) was an American attorney, planter, politician and orator known for declaring to the Second Virginia Convention (1775): " Give me liberty, or give me death!" A Founding Father, he served as the first an ...

, a delegate to the

Second Virginia Convention The Virginia Conventions have been the assemblies of delegates elected for the purpose of establishing constitutions of fundamental law for the Commonwealth of Virginia superior to General Assembly legislation. Their constitutions and subseque ...

after the

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...

House of Burgesses The House of Burgesses was the elected representative element of the Virginia General Assembly, the legislative body of the Colony of Virginia. With the creation of the House of Burgesses in 1642, the General Assembly, which had been established ...

was disbanded by the Royal Governor, delivers his " Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech at

St. John's Church St. John's Church, Church of St. John, or variants, thereof, (Saint John or St. John usually refers to John the Baptist, but also, sometimes, to John the Apostle or John the Evangelist) may refer to the following churches, former churches or other ...

Richmond, Virginia (Thus do we reach the stars) , image_map = , mapsize = 250 px , map_caption = Location within Virginia , pushpin_map = Virginia#USA , pushpin_label = Richmond , pushpin_m ...

. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...

– American Revolution:

and

William Dawes William Dawes Jr. (April 6, 1745 – February 25, 1799) was one of several men who in April 1775 alerted colonial minutemen in Massachusetts of the approach of British army troops prior to the Battles of Lexington and Concord at the outse ...

, instructed by Dr.

Joseph Warren Joseph Warren (June 11, 1741 – June 17, 1775), a Founding Father of the United States, was an American physician who was one of the most important figures in the Patriot movement in Boston during the early days of the American Revolution, ...

, ride from Boston to Lexington to warn

John Hancock John Hancock ( – October 8, 1793) was an American Founding Father, merchant, statesman, and prominent Patriot of the American Revolution. He served as president of the Second Continental Congress and was the first and third Governor of the ...

and

Sam Adams Samuel Adams ( – October 2, 1803) was an American statesman, political philosopher, and a Founding Father of the United States. He was a politician in colonial Massachusetts, a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and ...

that British forces are coming to take them prisoner and to seize colonial weapons and ammunition in Concord. *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 *AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at ...

–

: Hostility between Britain and its American colonies explodes into bloodshed, igniting the

. *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

** American Revolution: The

meets, elects

president, raises the

Continental Army The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies (the Thirteen Colonies) in the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and was establis ...

under

as commander and authorizes the colonies to adopt their own

constitutions A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these princip ...

. ** American Revolution:

Ethan Allen Ethan Allen ( – February 12, 1789) was an American farmer, businessman, land speculator, philosopher, writer, lay theologian, American Revolutionary War patriot, and politician. He is best known as one of the founders of Vermont and for ...

and

Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold ( Brandt (1994), p. 4June 14, 1801) was an American military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defect ...

, leading the

Green Mountain Boys The Green Mountain Boys were a militia organization first established in 1770 in the territory between the British provinces of New York and New Hampshire, known as the New Hampshire Grants and later in 1777 as the Vermont Republic (which late ...

Vermont Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to ...

, capture Fort Ticonderoga. *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. * 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...

– American Revolution: The Continental Congress bans trade with

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

. *

June 11 Events Pre-1600 * 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...

–

Battle of Machias The Battle of Machias (June 11–12, 1775) was an early naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War, also known as the Battle of the ''Margaretta'', fought around the port of Machias, Maine. Following the outbreak of the war, British a ...

: In the first naval engagement of the American Revolution, Patriot forces capture the schooner ''HMS Margaretta''. *

June 12 Events Pre-1600 * 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors. * 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...

– American Revolution: ** The

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

forces offer a pardon to all colonists who lay down their arms. ** Action by citizens of

Machias, Maine Machias is a town in and the county seat of Washington County in Down East Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 2,060. It is home to the University of Maine at Machias and Machias Valley Airport, a small public ...

, in capturing British ships recognises the existence of a

United States Merchant Marine United States Merchant Marines are United States civilian mariners and U.S. civilian and federally owned merchant vessels. Both the civilian mariners and the merchant vessels are managed by a combination of the government and private sectors, an ...

. *

June 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. *1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...

– American Revolution: The Continental Congress names

as commander of the

. *

June 16 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. * 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king ...

– The post of

Chief Engineer A chief engineer, commonly referred to as "ChEng" or "Chief", is the most senior engine officer of an engine department on a ship, typically a merchant ship, and holds overall leadership and the responsibility of that department..Chief engineer's ...

of the

is created. *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. * 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...

– American Revolution: Two months into the colonial

, British open fire on Breed's Hill on Charles Town Peninsula. After 3 charges, the British take the hill in the misnamed

. *

June 19 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. *1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chang ...

– The post of

Commanding General The commanding officer (CO) or sometimes, if the incumbent is a general officer, commanding general (CG), is the officer in command of a military unit. The commanding officer has ultimate authority over the unit, and is usually given wide latitu ...

is created by the

Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...

July–December

July 3 Events Pre-1600 * 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. * 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revol ...

– American Revolution: George Washington takes command of the 17,000-man Continental Army at Cambridge. *

July 5 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge (Danube), Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus (Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman Empire, Roman architect Theophilus Pa ...

– American Revolution: The Continental Congress sends the

Olive Branch Petition The Olive Branch Petition was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 5, 1775, and signed on July 8 in a final attempt to avoid war between Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies in America. The Congress had already authorized the i ...

, hoping for a reconciliation. *

July 6 Events Pre-1600 * 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility. * 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt) ...

– American Revolution: The Continental Congress issues

, which contains the words: "Our cause is just. Our union is perfect... being with one mind resolved to die freemen rather than to live slaves...". *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...

– The Second Continental Congress appoints

to be the first

Postmaster General A Postmaster General, in Anglosphere countries, is the chief executive officer of the postal service of that country, a ministerial office responsible for overseeing all other postmasters. The practice of having a government official respons ...

of what later becomes the

United States Post Office Department The United States Post Office Department (USPOD; also known as the Post Office or U.S. Mail) was the predecessor of the United States Postal Service, in the form of a Cabinet department, officially from 1872 to 1971. It was headed by the postmas ...

. *

July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. *1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. *1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands ...

–

: anchors off the south coast of England,

Captain Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean an ...

having completed the first eastbound global

circumnavigation Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical object, astronomical body (e.g. a planet or natural satellite, moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth. The first recorded circ ...

. *

August 18 Events Pre-1600 * 684 – Battle of Marj Rahit: Umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of Ibn al-Zubayr and cement Umayyad control of Syria. * 707 – Princess Abe accedes to the imperial Japanese throne as Empress Genmei. *1304 & ...

–

Tucson , "(at the) base of the black ill , nicknames = "The Old Pueblo", "Optics Valley", "America's biggest small town" , image_map = , mapsize = 260px , map_caption = Interactive map ...

is founded. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

– American Revolution –

Siege of Fort St. Jean The siege of Fort St. Jean (September 17 – November 3, 1775, also called St. John, St. Johns, or St. John's, french: Siège du Fort Saint-Jean) was conducted by American Brigadier General Richard Montgomery on the town and fort of Saint-Jea ...

: American rebels launch an invasion of Canada. *

August 23 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Caesar ...

– American Revolution: Refusing to even look at the Olive Branch Petition, King George issues a

Proclamation of Rebellion The Proclamation of Rebellion, officially titled A Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition, was the response of George III to the news of the Battle of Bunker Hill at the outset of the American Revolution. Issued on 23 August 1775, ...

against the American colonies. *

August 29 Events Pre-1600 * 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708). * 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzantine ...

–

September 12 Events Pre-1600 *490 BC – Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece. * 372 – Sixteen Kingdoms: Ji ...

– The ''Independence Hurricane'' from

South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native Eng ...

kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors. *

September 25 Events Pre-1600 * 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus. * 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt a ...

– American Revolution: Siege of Fort St. Jean –

Battle of Longue-Pointe The Battle of Longue-Pointe (french: Bataille de Longue-Pointe) was an attempt by Ethan Allen and a small force of American and Quebec militia to capture Montreal from British forces on September 25, 1775, early in the American Revolutionary War ...

Thirteen Colonies The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, or later as the United Colonies, were a group of Kingdom of Great Britain, British Colony, colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Fo ...

revolutionary forces under Maj.

attack

in Quebec, commanded by

General Guy Carleton. Allen's forces are defeated, and Allen himself is captured and held on British ships until he is released. * October – The

Sayre Plot Stephen Sayre (1736–1818) was a member of a thousand-strong American community living in London at the time of the outbreak of the War of Independence in 1775. A close associate of John Wilkes, the radical Lord Mayor of London, Sayre, a merchant ...

ters attempt to kidnap

George III of the United Kingdom George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland from 25 October 1760 until Acts of Union 1800, the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was ...

. *

October 13 Events Pre-1600 * 54 – Roman emperor Claudius dies from poisoning under mysterious circumstances. He is succeeded by his adoptive son Nero, rather than by Britannicus, his son with Messalina. * 409 – Vandals and Alans cross the Py ...

– American Revolution: The Continental Congress orders the establishment of the

(later the

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...

). *

October 26 Events Pre-1600 *1185 – The Uprising of Asen and Peter begins on the feast day of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki and ends with the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire. *1341 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 formally begi ...

– American Revolution:

George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

announces to

Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

that the American colonies are in an uprising and must be dealt with accordingly. * November – American Revolution: Colonel Richard Richardson's

revolutionaries march through

Ninety-Six District Ninety-Six District (not "96th") is a former judicial district in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It existed as a district from 29 July 1769 to 31 December 1799. The court house and jail for Ninety-Six District were in Ninety Six, South Carolina. ...

in what becomes known as the ''Snow Campaign'', effectively ending all major support for the

Loyalist Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Cro ...

cause in the

backcountry In the United States, a backcountry or backwater is a geographical area that is remote, undeveloped, isolated, or difficult to access. Terminology Backcountry and wilderness within United States national parks The National Park Service (NPS) ...

of South Carolina. *

November 7 Events Pre-1600 * 335 – Athanasius is banished to Trier, on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. * 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. * 921 – Treaty of Bon ...

– American Revolution:

John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore (1730 – 25 February 1809), known as Lord Dunmore, was a British people, British Peerage, nobleman and Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies, colonial governor in the Thirteen Colonies, American colonies ...

, British royal governor of the

Colony of Virginia The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colonial empire, English colony in North America, following failed attempts at settlement on Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey GilbertG ...

, signs

Dunmore's Proclamation Dunmore's Proclamation is a historical document signed on November 7, 1775, by John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, royal governor of the British Colony of Virginia. The proclamation declared martial law and promised freedom for slaves of America ...

, declaring

martial law Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil law by a government, especially in response to an emergency where civil forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory. Use Marti ...

and offering freedom to

slaves Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to perf ...

Patriot A patriot is a person with the quality of patriotism. Patriot may also refer to: Political and military groups United States * Patriot (American Revolution), those who supported the cause of independence in the American Revolution * Patriot m ...

s who run away from their owners and join the

forces (formal proclamation November 15) thus losing the support of planters who see slaves as their vital livelihood. *

November 10 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. * 937 – Ten Kingdoms: Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Yang ...

– American Revolution: The Continental Congress passes a resolution creating the

Continental Marines The Continental Marines were the Amphibious warfare, amphibious infantry of the Thirteen Colonies, American Colonies (and later the United States) during the American Revolutionary War. The Corps was formed by the Continental Congress on Novem ...

to serve as landing troops for the recently created Continental Navy (the Marines are disbanded at end of the war in April

1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ratifies two October 8, ...

but reformed on

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death. * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abd ...

1798 Events January–June * January – Eli Whitney contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 muskets, which he produces with interchangeable parts. * January 4 – Constantine Hangerli enters Bucharest, as Prince of Wa ...

as the

United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combi ...

). *

November 13 Events Pre-1600 *1002 – English king Æthelred II orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice's Day massacre. * 1093 – Battle of Alnwick: in an English victory over the Scots, Malcolm III of Scotland ...

– American Revolution: Battle of Montreal – American forces under

Brigadier General Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed ...

Richard Montgomery Richard Montgomery (2 December 1738 – 31 December 1775) was an Irish soldier who first served in the British Army. He later became a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and he is most famous for l ...

capture

General Guy Carleton escapes to

. * November 17 – The city of

Kuopio Kuopio (, ) is a Finnish city and municipality located in the region of Northern Savonia. It has a population of , which makes it the most populous municipality in Finland. Along with Joensuu, Kuopio is one of the major urban, economic, and cult ...

Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...

(belonging to

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

at this time) is founded by King

Gustav III of Sweden Gustav III (29 March 1792), also called ''Gustavus III'', was King of Sweden from 1771 until his assassination in 1792. He was the eldest son of Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Queen Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. Gustav was a vocal opponent of what ...

. *

December 5 Events Pre-1600 *63 BC – Cicero gives the fourth and final of the Catiline Orations. * 633 – Fourth Council of Toledo opens, presided over by Isidore of Seville. * 1033 – The Jordan Rift Valley earthquake destroys multiple ...

– American Revolution:

Henry Knox Henry Knox (July 25, 1750 – October 25, 1806), a Founding Father of the United States, was a senior general of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, serving as chief of artillery in most of Washington's campaigns. Following the ...

begins

his journey His or HIS may refer to: Computing * Hightech Information System, a Hong Kong graphics card company * Honeywell Information Systems * Hybrid intelligent system * Microsoft Host Integration Server Education * Hangzhou International School, i ...

Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As part of the Boston metropolitan area, the cities population of the 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the fourth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, ...

with the artillery that has been captured from

Fort Ticonderoga Fort Ticonderoga (), formerly Fort Carillon, is a large 18th-century star fort built by the French at a narrows near the south end of Lake Champlain, in northern New York, in the United States. It was constructed by Canadian-born French mi ...

. *

December 31 It is known by a collection of names including: Saint Sylvester's Day, New Year's Eve or Old Years Day/Night, as the following day is New Year's Day. It is the last day of the year; the following day is January 1, the first day of the followin ...

– American Revolution: Battle of Quebec – British forces repulse an attack by

generals

and

; Montgomery is killed.

Date unknown

Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...

Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...

. **

's 1769

steam engine A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be trans ...

patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ...

is extended to June 1800 by

Act of Parliament Acts of Parliament, sometimes referred to as primary legislation, are texts of law passed by the Legislature, legislative body of a jurisdiction (often a parliament or council). In most countries with a parliamentary system of government, acts of ...

and the first

engine An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power gen ...

s are built under it. ** John Wilkinson invents and patents a new kind of boring machine. *

decrees a Statute for the Administration of the Provinces of the Russian Empire dividing the country into provinces and districts for efficient government. * A

begins in

New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...

. *

in northwestern British Columbia erupts. * Typhoon Liengkieki devastates the

Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

atoll An atoll () is a ring-shaped island, including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon partially or completely. There may be coral islands or cays on the rim. Atolls are located in warm tropical or subtropical oceans and seas where corals can gr ...

Pingelap Pingelap is an atoll in the Pacific Ocean, part of Pohnpei State of the Federated States of Micronesia, consisting of three islands: Pingelap Island, Sukoru and Daekae, linked by a reef system and surrounding a central lagoon, although only Pingel ...

. *

writes his five

violin concerto A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble (customarily orchestra). Such works have been written since the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up thro ...

s in

Salzburg Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian) is the List of cities and towns in Austria, fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872. The town is on the site of the ...

at about this date. * The

Calcutta Theatre The Calcutta Theatre or The New Playhouse, was a historic theatre in Calcutta (now named Kolkata) in India. It was founded in 1775 and active until 1808. It was the second theatre in the city of Calcutta, and its main venue for about thirty year ...

is inaugurated. *

Shneur Zalman of Liadi Shneur Zalman of Liadi ( he, שניאור זלמן מליאדי, September 4, 1745 – December 15, 1812 Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe, O.S. / 18 Elul 5505 – 24 Tevet 5573) was an influential Lithuanian Jews, Li ...

founds the

Chabad Chabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad and Chabad-Lubavitch (), is an Orthodox Jewish Hasidic dynasty. Chabad is one of the world's best-known Hasidic movements, particularly for its outreach activities. It is one of the largest Hasidic group ...

-Lubavitch Hasidic Jewish dynasty. * Probable date –

Jeanne Baret Jeanne Baret (; 27 July 1740 – 5 August 1807) was a member of Louis Antoine de Bougainville's expedition on the ships '' La Boudeuse'' and '' Étoile'' in 1766–1769. Baret is recognized as the first woman to have completed a voyage of c ...

returns to France, becoming the first woman to complete a

of the globe.

Births

Charles Bird King portrait of Louisa Adams

Tieck, Friedrich, Ludwig Tieck und seine Schwester Sophie

Joseph Mallord William Turner Self Portrait 1799

Matthew Gregory Lewis by George Lethbridge Saunders, after Unknown artist

Lefèvre - Guillaume, baron Capelle (1775-1843)

Chase Philander-Bishop Episcopal Church USA

January–March

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empi ...

–

Henry Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet Henry James Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet (2 January 1775 – 12 June 1849) was a peer in the peerage of England and a noted English cricketer of the 1790s. Biography Henry Tufton belonged to an aristocratic family that was prominent in cricket ...

, English cricketer (d.

1849 Events January–March * January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps. * January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, enters in th ...

) *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

–

Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont Francis William Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont KP, PC (Ire) (3 January 1775 – 26 December 1863), styled Viscount Caulfeild until 1799, was an Irish peer and politician. He was born the elder son of James Caulfeild, 1st Earl of Charlemont a ...

, Irish politician (d.

1863 Events January–March * January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaims t ...

) *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

George Weare Braikenridge George Weare Braikenridge (1775–1856) was an English antiquarian. He was born in the Colony of Virginia, but lived for most of his life in Bristol, England, where he created a large collection of Bristolian historical and topographical mate ...

, English antiquarian (d.

1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – American paddle steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatlantic voyag ...

) **

Carlo, Duke of Calabria , birth_date = , birth_place = Caserta Palace, Kingdom of Naples , death_date = , death_place = Caserta Palace, Kingdom of Naples , burial_place = Basilica of Santa Chiara , house = Bourbon-Two Sicilies , father = Ferdi ...

, Italian prince (d.

1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he na ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

Date Narimura was a mid-Edo period Japanese people, Japanese samurai, and the 8th ''daimyō'' of Sendai Domain in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan, and the 24th hereditary chieftain of the Date clan. Biography Narimura was the second son of Date Shigemura ...

, Japanese daimyō (d.

1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital ...

) **

Horace St Paul Sir Horace David Cholwell St Paul, 1st Baronet (6 January 1775 – 8 October 1840) was an English soldier and Member of Parliament. He was born in Paris, the eldest son of Horace St. Paul of Ewart Park, Northumberland. His younger brother was He ...

, English soldier and Member of Parliament (d.

1840 Events January–March * January 3 – One of the predecessor papers of the ''Herald Sun'' of Melbourne, Australia, ''The Port Phillip Herald'', is founded. * January 10 – Uniform Penny Post is introduced in the United Kingdom. * Janua ...

) *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

– Thomas Amyot, English antiquarian (d.

1850 Events January–June * April ** Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome. ** Stephen Foster's parlor ballad "Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States. * April 4 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a cit ...

) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

Juan Francisco Larrobla Juan Francisco de Larrobla Pereyra (Montevideo, 9 January 1775 - Canelones, 5 July 1842) was a Uruguayan Roman Catholic cleric, theologian and patriot. Biography Larrobla studied at the Real Colegio de San Carlos in Buenos Aires and afterwards t ...

, Uruguayan politician (d.

1842 Events January–March * January ** Michael Alexander takes office, as the first appointee to the Anglican-German Bishopric in Jerusalem. ** American medical student William E. Clarke of Berkshire Medical College becomes the first pe ...

) **

Antonio Villavicencio Antonio Villavicencio y Verástegui (January 9, 1775 – June 6, 1816) was a statesman and soldier of New Granada, born in Quito, and educated in Spain. He served in the Battle of Trafalgar as an officer in the Spanish Navy with the rank of Sec ...

, statesman and soldier of New Granada (d.

1816 This year was known as the ''Year Without a Summer'', because of low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, possibly the result of the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815, causing severe global cooling, catastrophic in s ...

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

– James Sewall Morsell, United States federal judge (d.

1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...

) *

January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...

– Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski, Polish noble (d.

) *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

–

Giosuè Sangiovanni Giosuè Edoard Sangiovanni (15 January 1775 – 17 May 1849) was an Italian zoologist, the first professor of comparative anatomy in Italy and an early exponent of evolution. Born at Laurino in the kingdom of Naples, he followed his education in p ...

, Italian zoologist (d.

) *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...

** Pedro Moreno, Mexican soldier (d.

1817 Events January–March * January 1 – Sailing through the Sandwich Islands, Otto von Kotzebue discovers New Year Island. * January 19 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, starts crossing the ...

) ** Evelyn Pierrepont, British Member of Parliament (d.

1801 Events January–March * January 1 ** The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland is completed under the Act of Union 1800, bringing about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the abolition of the Parliament of I ...

) *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...

Hudson Gurney Hudson Gurney (19 January 1775 – 9 November 1864) was an English antiquary and verse-writer, also known as a politician. He was a member of the Gurney family. Life Gurney was born at Norwich on 19 January 1775, the eldest son of Richard Gurney ...

, English antiquary and verse-writer (d.

1864 Events January–March * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster ("Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song " ...

) **

George Pyke George Pyke (January 19, 1775 – February 3, 1851) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Lower Canada. His surname is sometimes recorded as Pike. He was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1775, the son of John George Pyke, and studied l ...

, Canadian politician (d.

1851 Events January–March * January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion. * January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-day Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly. ...

) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

–

André-Marie Ampère André-Marie Ampère (, ; ; 20 January 177510 June 1836) was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as "electrodynamics". He is also the inventor of nu ...

, French physicist and mathematician (d.

1836 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. * January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas. * January 12 ** , with Charles Darwin on board, r ...

) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

** Manuel García, Spanish singer, teacher and composer (d.

1832 Events January–March * January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society. * January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white plan ...

) *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. *1264 & ...

Pietro Colletta Pietro Colletta (January 23, 1775 – November 11, 1831) was a Neapolitan general and historian, entered the Neapolitan artillery in 1796 and took part in the campaign against the French in 1798. Biography Colletta was born in Naples. On the ent ...

, Neapolitan general and historian (d.

1831 Events January–March * January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing '' The Liberator'', an anti-slavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts. * January 10 – Japanese department store, Takashimaya in Kyoto establ ...

) **

José Fernández Salvador José Fernández-Salvador (January 23, 1775 – October 1, 1853) was an Ecuadorian politician and jurist, known as a "liberal among the Criollo people, criollos" (that is, those born in Latin America of full Spanish blood).https://www.scribd.com/do ...

, Ecuadorian politician and jurist (d.

1853 Events January–March * January 6 – Florida Governor Thomas Brown signs legislation that provides public support for the new East Florida Seminary, leading to the establishment of the University of Florida. * January 8 – Taiping Reb ...

) **

John Rubens Smith John Rubens Smith (January 23, 1775 – August 21, 1849) was a London-born painter, printmaker and art instructor who worked in the United States. Biography Smith was born in London, England where he first studied art with his father, John Rap ...

, London-born painter (d.

) *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...

–

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (; 27 January 1775 – 20 August 1854), later (after 1812) von Schelling, was a German philosopher. Standard histories of philosophy make him the midpoint in the development of German idealism, situating him be ...

, German philosopher (d.

1854 Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The Teut ...

) *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession o ...

Lady Charlotte Bury Lady Charlotte Susan Maria Bury (née Campbell; 28 January 1775 – 1 April 1861) was an English novelist, who is chiefly remembered in connection with a ''Diary illustrative of the Times of George IV'' (1838). Life Lady Charlotte Susan Maria ...

, English novelist (d.

1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam-p ...

) **

James Brown Mason James Brown Mason (January 28, 1775August 31, 1819) was an American physician and legislator who served in the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 1804 to 1814, where he was speaker from 1812 to 1814. Elected to Congress in November 1814 ...

, American physician and legislator (d.

1819 Events January–March * January 2 – The Panic of 1819, the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States, begins. * January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia. * January 29 – Si ...

) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

–

Walter Savage Landor Walter Savage Landor (30 January 177517 September 1864) was an English writer, poet, and activist. His best known works were the prose ''Imaginary Conversations,'' and the poem "Rose Aylmer," but the critical acclaim he received from contempora ...

, English writer and poet (d.

) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...

Giordano Bianchi Dottula Giordano Bianchi Dottula (31 January 1775, Montrone - 19 February 1846, Naples) was an Italian writer and politician. Life He initially studied under the Piarist father Ermenegildo Guarnieri before moving from Naples to Rome. Passionate about clas ...

, Italian writer and politician (d.

1846 Events January–March * January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom. * January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway' ...

) **

John Richard Farre John Richard Farre (31 January 1775 – 7 May 1862) was an English physician. Early life The son of Richard John Farre, a medical practitioner, he was born on 31 January 1775 in Barbados. After school education in the island he studied medicin ...

, English physician (d.

1862 Events January–March * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico. * January ...

) *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

Philippe de Girard Philippe Henri de Girard (February 1, 1775 – August 26, 1845aged 70) was a French engineer and inventor of the first flax spinning frame in 1810, and the person after whom the town of Żyrardów in Poland was named. He was also the uncredited in ...

, French engineer and inventor of the first flax spinning frame in 1810 (d.

1845 Events January–March * January 10 – Elizabeth Barrett receives a love letter from the younger poet Robert Browning; on May 20, they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing her ''Sonnets from the Portuguese''. * January 23 ...

) ** Jochum Nicolay Müller, Norwegian naval officer who (d.

1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...

) *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...

–

Gurun Princess Hexiao Princess Hexiao of the First Rank (2 February 1775 – 13 October 1823), personal name unknown,Gurun Princess Hexiao's personal name is unknown. The "Hexiao" is part of her title. The "Gurun", also part of her title, indicates that she is a p ...

of the Manchu dynasty (d.

1823 Events January–March * January 22 – By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolutio ...

) *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. *1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...

Maximilien Sébastien Foy Maximilien Sébastien Foy (3 February 1775 – 28 November 1825) was a French military leader, statesman and writer.The memoirs of François René, vicomte de Chateaubriand - 1902 Page 128 "General Maximilien Sébastien Foy (1775-1825), after ...

, French military leader (d.

1825 Events January–March * January 4 – King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies in Naples and is succeeded by his son, Francis. * February 3 – Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula forming westernmost Denmark, becomes a ...

) **

Louis-François Lejeune Louis-François, Baron Lejeune (3 February 1775 in Strasbourg – 29 February 1848) was a French general, painter, and lithographer. His memoirs have frequently been republished and his name is engraved on the Arc de Triomphe. Life He studi ...

, French general, painter and printmaker (d.

) *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. *1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...

Jacob Liv Borch Sverdrup Jacob Liv Borch Sverdrup (8 February 1775 – 15 May 1841) was a Norwegian educator and farmer, known for establishing the first agricultural school in Scandinavia. Personal life Sverdrup was born at Laugen manor in Nærøy as a son of landowner ...

, Norwegian educator (d.

1841 Events January–March * January 20 – Charles Elliot of the United Kingdom, and Qishan of the Qing dynasty, agree to the Convention of Chuenpi. * January 26 – Britain occupies Hong Kong. Later in the year, the first census of the i ...

) **

Antonio Bertoloni Antonio Bertoloni (February 8, 1775 in Sarzana – April 17, 1869 in Bologna) was an Italian physician and botanist who made extensive studies of Italian plants. He also collected notable samples of Central American flora. Biography He studied me ...

, Italian botanist who made extensive studies of Italian plants (d.

1869 Events January–March * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 – E ...

) **

Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth Thomas Henry Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth (8 February 1775 – 7 March 1855), known as Sir Thomas Liddell, 6th Baronet, from 1791 to 1821, was a British peer and Tory politician. Early life Liddell was the son of Sir Henry Liddell, 5th B ...

, British politician (d.

1855 Events January–March * January 1 – Ottawa, Ontario, is incorporated as a city. * January 5 – Ramón Castilla begins his third term as President of Peru. * January 23 ** The first bridge over the Mississippi River opens ...

) *

Farkas Bolyai Farkas Bolyai (; 9 February 1775 – 20 November 1856; also known as Wolfgang Bolyai in Germany) was a Hungarian mathematician, mainly known for his work in geometry. Biography Bolyai was born in Bolya, a village near Hermannstadt, Grand Pr ...

, Hungarian mathematician (d.

) **

Theodor Hell Theodor Hell ("Theodore Bright") was the pseudonym of Karl Gottfried Theodor Winkler (9 February 1775, Waldenburg, Saxony – 24 September 1856, Dresden), a court councillor (''Hofrath'') in Dresden from 1824, who was the centre of literary l ...

, pseudonym of Karl Gottfried Theodor Winkler, German man of letters (d.

) *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, sparkin ...

Charles Lamb Charles Lamb (10 February 1775 – 27 December 1834) was an English essayist, poet, and antiquarian, best known for his ''Essays of Elia'' and for the children's book ''Tales from Shakespeare'', co-authored with his sister, Mary Lamb (1764–18 ...

, English essayist (d.

1834 Events January–March * January – The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina. * January 1 – Zollverein (Germany): Customs charges are abolished at borders within its member states. * January 3 � ...

) **

James Wilkes Maurice Vice-Admiral James Wilkes Maurice (10 February 1775 – 4 September 1857) was an officer of the Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Unlike his contemporaries who won fame commanding ships, Maurice gained accolades ...

, British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d.

1857 Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * Janua ...

) **

Ádám Récsey Baron Ádám Récsey de Récse ( hu, récsei báró Récsey Ádám, german: Adam Retsey von Retse; 10 February 1775 – 26 October 1852) was a Hungarian general, joined the army of Habsburg monarchy, and briefly a politician who was appointed il ...

, Prime Minister of Hungary (October 3–7, 1848) (d.

1852 Events January–March * January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come tog ...

) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

– William Hall, American politician (d.

) *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...

Louisa Adams Louisa Catherine Adams ( ''née'' Johnson; February 12, 1775 – May 15, 1852) was the First Lady of the United States from 1825 to 1829 during the presidency of John Quincy Adams. Early life Adams was born on February 12, 1775, in the City ...

, First Lady of the United States, wife of President

John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams (; July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, and diarist who served as the sixth president of the United States, from 1825 to 1829. He previously served as the eighth United States S ...

(d.

) ** Charles Lloyd, English poet (d.

1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – T ...

) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

–

Benjamin Gorham Benjamin Gorham (February 13, 1775 – September 27, 1855) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. He was the son of Nathaniel Gorham, who served as one of the Presidents of the Continental Congress. Benjamin was born in Charlestown in ...

, American politician (d.

) *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

–

William Clift William Clift FRS (14 February 1775 – 20 June 1849) was a British illustrator and conservator. Early life Clift was born in Burcombe near Bodmin in Cornwall. He was the youngest of seven children and grew up in poverty following his fat ...

, English medical illustrator and conservator (d.

) *

Paul Allen Paul Gardner Allen (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American business magnate, computer programmer, researcher, investor, and philanthropist. He co-founded Microsoft Corporation with childhood friend Bill Gates in 1975, which h ...

, American author and editor (d.

1826 Events January–March * January 15 – The French newspaper ''Le Figaro'' begins publication in Paris, initially as a weekly. * January 30 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford, is opened between the island o ...

) **

Miguel Ramos Arizpe Don Miguel Ramos Arizpe (February 15, 1775 in Valle de San Nicolás, (near Saltillo) Coahuila – April 28, 1843 in Mexico City) was a Mexican priest and politician, and known as "the father of Mexican federalism." Life and career Ramos Ar ...

, Mexican priest (d.

1843 Events January–March * January ** Serial publication of Charles Dickens's novel ''Martin Chuzzlewit'' begins in London; in the July chapters, he lands his hero in the United States. ** Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Tell-Tale Heart" ...

) **

Simmons Jones Baker Simmons Jones Baker (February 15, 1775 – August 18, 1853) was a physician, planter, legislator, and slave owner in North Carolina. Early life and education Baker was born in Hertford County on February 15, 1775, to Lawrence Baker and Ann Jone ...

, American politician (d.

) *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of ...

Heinrich Jacob Aldenrath Heinrich Jakob Aldenrath (17 February 1775, Lübeck – 25 February 1844, Hamburg) was a portrait painter, miniaturist, and lithographer. Life Aldenrath was a pupil of Johann Jakob Tischbein and of Friedrich Carl Gröger, with whom he develop ...

, German portrait painter (d.

1844 In the Philippines, it was the only leap year with 365 days, as December 31 was skipped when 1845 began after December 30. Events January–March * January 15 – The University of Notre Dame, based in the city of the same name, receives ...

) **

Frederick Garling Frederick Garling (17 February 1775 – 2 May 1848) was an English attorney and solicitor, and was one of the first solicitors admitted in Australia and was regarded as the first senior solicitor of the second Supreme Court established in the co ...

, English attorney and solicitor (d.

) *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. * 1268 &ndas ...

–

Thomas Girtin Thomas Girtin (18 February 17759 November 1802) was an English watercolourist and etcher. A friend and rival of J. M. W. Turner, Girtin played a key role in establishing watercolour as a reputable art form. Life Thomas Girtin was born in Sou ...

, English painter and etcher (d.

1802 Events January–March * January 5 – Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, begins removal of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens, claiming they were at risk of destruction during the Ot ...

) *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

** John Bibby, founder of the British Bibby Line shipping company (d.

) **

Giovanni Battista Comolli Giovanni Battista Comolli (19 February 1775 – 26 December 1831) was an Italian sculptor. He became a pupil of the Milanese sculptor Giuseppe Franchi at the Brera Academy, but was strongly influenced by Antonio Canova. In 1798, he support ...

, Italian sculptor (d.

) *

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...

Guy-Victor Duperré Guy-Victor Duperré (20 February 1775 – 2 November 1846) was a French naval officer and Admiral of France. He is known for commanding French naval forces in the Mauritius campaign of 1809–11 and was victorious in the Battle of Grand Port ...

, French naval officer and Admiral of France (d.

) ** Israel Gregg, first captain of the historic American steamboat ''Enterprise'' (1814) (d.

1847 Events January–March * January 4 – Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the U.S. government. * January 13 – The Treaty of Cahuenga ends fighting in the Mexican–American War in California. * January 16 – John C. Frémont ...

) ** John Starr, merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia (d.

1827 Events January–March * January 5 – The first regatta in Australia is held, taking place on Tasmania (called at the time ''Van Diemen's Land''), on the River Derwent at Hobart. * January 15 – Furman University, founded in 1826, b ...

) *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The Prus ...

** Jean-Baptiste Girard, French soldier (d.

1815 Events January * January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England. * January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussi ...

) **

Claudius Herrick Claudius Herrick (February 21, 1775 – May 26, 1831) was an American educator and minister. He was born in Southampton, New York. Herrick graduated from Yale College in 1798 and became the second head of Deerfield Academy. He was ordained to the ...

, American educator and minister (d.

) * February 22 ** William Seymour (Congressman), William Seymour, United States Representative from New York (d.

) * February 24 ** Claudius Hunter, Lord Mayor of London (d.

) ** Matěj Kopecký, Czech puppeteer (d.

) ** Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset, English landowner and amateur mathematician (d.

) * February 25 – John Caldwell (seigneur), John Caldwell, businessman and politician in Lower Canada (d.

) *

– Adolf Stieler, German cartographer and lawyer (d.

) * February 28 – Sophie Tieck, German poet (d. 1833) * March 3 – Henry Prittie, 2nd Baron Dunalley, British politician (d.

) * March 4 – Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger, Austrian portrait painter (d. 1837) * March 5 ** Charlotte Richardson, English poet (d.

) ** Adam Elias von Siebold, German gynecologist (d. 1828) * March 9 ** Jean Kickx (1775–1831), Jean Kickx, Belgian botanist and mineralogist (d.

) ** Constance Mayer, French painter (d. 1821) * March 10 ** Marc-Antoine Jullien de Paris, French journalist (d.

) ** Sir David Wedderburn, 1st Baronet, Scottish businessman and politician (d. 1858) * March 11 ** Nils Landmark, Norwegian politician (d. 1859) ** Pierre Jean François Turpin, French botanist and illustrator (d.

) * March 12 ** Joseph Chitty, English lawyer and legal writer (d.

) ** Henry Eckford (shipbuilder), Henry Eckford, Scottish-born American shipbuilder, naval architect, industrial engineer, entrepreneur (d.

) ** Michel Grendahl, Norwegian politician (d.

) ** James Welsh (East India Company officer), James Welsh, English officer in the Madras Army of the East India Company (d.

) * March 14 – Samuel Street Jr., businessman in Upper Canada (d.

) * March 15 – Juan Bautista Arismendi, Venezuelan patriot and general of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d.

) *

– Ninian Edwards, founding political figure of the state of Illinois (d. 1833) * March 19 – Ramsay Richard Reinagle, English painter (d.

) * March 22 ** Johan Collett, Norwegian politician and public administrator (d.

) ** Jack Crawford (sailor), Jack Crawford, British Royal Navy sailor, "Hero of Camperdown" (d.

) ** Armand Gouffé, French poet (d.

) *

– William Haseldine Pepys, English physical scientist (d.

) * March 24 ** Pauline Auzou, French painter and art instructor (d. 1835) ** Pierre Berthezène, French Army general (d.

) ** Muthuswami Dikshitar, South Indian poet and composer (d. 1835) * March 25 – John Johnston (Indian agent), John Johnston, United States Indian agent (d.

) * March 26 – Thomas Monteagle Bayly, Virginian politician, lawyer and planter (d.

) * March 27 – Nicolai Abraham Holten, Danish civil servant and director of Øresund Custom House (d.

) * March 28 – Johann Heinrich Gossler, Hamburg banker and grand burgher (d.

) * March 30 – Hieronymus Karl Graf von Colloredo-Mansfeld, Austrian corps commander during the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1822)

April–June

* April 2 ** John Higton, English animal painter (d.

) ** Calvin Jones (physician), Calvin Jones, American politician (d.

) ** Moses Walton, Virginia farmer serving in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly (d.

) * April 4 – Dutch Sam, British boxer (d.

) * April 5 – Johann Nepomuk Rust, Austrian surgeon (d.

) * April 6 – Edward Wynne-Pendarves, English politician (d.

) * April 7 ** Eliza Jumel, American socialite (d. 1865) ** Francis Cabot Lowell, American businessman (d.

) ** Louis Barbe Charles Sérurier, French diplomat (d. 1860) * April 8 ** Antoine Charles Cazenove, Swiss-American businessman and diplomat (d.

) ** Adam Albert von Neipperg, Austrian general and statesman (d. 1829) ** Thomas Powys, 2nd Baron Lilford, British peer (d.

) * April 9 – Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada, Brazilian politician, leader in Brazil's independence and government (d.

) * April 10 – Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi, German psychiatrist (d. 1858) * April 12 ** Christian Samuel Theodor Bernd, German linguist and heraldist (d.

) ** Vito Nunziante, Italian general (d.

) * April 13 – Adolph Henke, German physician (d.

) * April 14 ** Karl Becker (philologist), Karl Becker, German philologist (d.

) ** John Philip (missionary), John Philip, Scottish-born missionary in South Africa (d.

) * April 16 ** Sylvester Maxwell, American lawyer and legislator (d. 1858) ** Charles Stewart (bishop), Charles Stewart, English Anglican bishop in Lower Canada (d. 1837) * April 21 ** Alexander Anderson (illustrator), Alexander Anderson, American physician and illustrator (d.

) ** Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby, British politician (d.

) * April 22 ** Georg Hermes, German Roman Catholic theologian (d.

) ** Henry Ryan (minister), Henry Ryan, US-Canadian Methodist minister (d. 1833) * April 23 – J. M. W. Turner, English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker (d.

) * April 25 ** William Warren Baldwin, Canadian politician (d.

) ** Alexander Johnston (1775–1849), Alexander Johnston, Sri Lankan judge (d.

) ** Carlota Joaquina of Spain, Queen consort of Portugal (d. 1830) * April 27 – Pietro Ostini, Catholic cardinal (d.

) * April 28 ** William Capel (sportsman), William Capel, English sportsman and clergyman (d.

) ** Loftus William Otway, British Napoleonic Wars general (d. 1835) * April 29 – Samuel King (minister), Samuel King, American Presbyterian minister, a founder of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (d.

) * April 30 ** Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie, Marshal of France (d.

) ** Calvin Fillmore, American farmer and politician from New York (d. 1865) ** George Kinloch (politician), George Kinloch, Scottish reformer and politician (d. 1833) * May 1 – Angélique Mongez, French Neoclassical artist (d.

) * May 3 – John Hansen Sørbrøden, Norwegian farmer (d.

) * May 5 ** Marie-Anne Calame, Swiss vitreous enamel miniaturist and pietist philanthropic educator (d.

) ** Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug, German entomologist (d.

) ** Alexander McNair, American frontiersman and politician (d.

) ** Pablo Morillo, Spanish general (d. 1837) * May 6 ** Hans Henrich Maschmann, Norwegian pharmacist (d. 1860) ** Mary Martha Sherwood, English children's author (d.

) * May 8 – George Gwilt the younger, English architect (d.

) * May 9 – Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828) *

** Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle, French cavalry general during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1809) ** William Phillips (geologist), William Phillips, English mineralogist and geologist (d. 1828) * May 12 – George Whitmore (British Army officer), George Whitmore, British Army general (d.

) * May 14 – Micah Brooks, United States general (d.

) *

** Sir John Beckett, 2nd Baronet, British politician (d.

) ** Daniel LeRoy, Attorney General for the Michigan Territory (d. 1858) * May 19 – Antonín Jan Jungmann, Czech physician (d.

) * May 21 – Lucien Bonaparte, French statesman (d.

) * May 24 ** Sir Charles Ogle, 2nd Baronet, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1858) ** Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, British Army general (d.

) * May 25 – Pelagio Palagi, Italian painter (d. 1860) * May 28 – Thomas Graves, 2nd Baron Graves, British politician (d. 1830) * May 29 – Nathan Cutler, American politician from Maine (d.

) * May 31 ** Charles Digby, British clergyman, Canon of Windsor from 1808 (d.

) ** Charles Jackson (judge), Charles Jackson, American lawyer and jurist (d.

) * June 4 – Francesco Molino, Italian guitarist (d.

) * June 8 – Henry Boehm, American clergyman and pastor (d. 1875) * June 9 – Georg Friedrich Grotefend, German epigraphist and philologist (d.

) * June 10 – James Barbour, American politician (d.

) *

** Francis Bloodgood, American lawyer, mayor of Albany (d.

) ** Johann Baptist Malfatti von Monteregio, Italian-born physician (d. 1859) ** Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian ''Generalfeldmarschall'' (d.

) * June 13 – Antoni Radziwiłł, Polish politician (d. 1833) *

– André Bruno de Frévol de Lacoste, French general of the First Empire (d. 1809) * June 15 ** Elizabeth Benger, English biographer (d.

) ** Paul Delano, American-born sea captain (d.

) ** Carlo Porta, Italian poet (d. 1821) *

– Judah Touro, American businessman (d.

) *

– Alexander Cowan, Scottish papermaker and philanthropist (d. 1859) * June 18 – Orsamus Cook Merrill, American politician (d. 1865) *

** Vardry McBee, American saddlemaker and philanthropist (d.

) ** Friedrich August Peter von Colomb, German general (d.

) * June 20 – Jacques Frédéric Français, French engineer and mathematician (d. 1833) * June 22 ** Johannes Flüggé, German botanist and physician (d.

) ** Camillo Ranzani, Italian priest and a naturalist (d.

) * June 24 – John Kempthorne (hymnwriter), John Kempthorne, English clergyman and hymnwriter (d. 1838) * June 25 – John Stevenson Salt, English barrister, banker and landowner (d.

) * June 26 ** Jean-Jacques Desvaux de Saint-Maurice, French general of the Napoleonic Wars (d.

) ** John Swaine, English draughtsman and engraver (d. 1860) * June 29 – Thomas Boyle, American privateer (d.

) * June 30 – William Thompson (philosopher), William Thompson, Irish philosopher (d. 1833)

July–September

* July 1 – Cephas Thompson, American artist (d.

) * July 2 – Aaron Peasley, American buttonmaker (d. 1837) *

– Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier, member of the French royal family (d. 1807) *

– William Crotch, English composer, organist and artist (d.

) * July 8 ** William Davies (Georgia judge), William Davies, United States federal judge (d. 1829) ** Lucy Mack Smith, American prominent in the Latter Day Saints, mother of Joseph Smith (d.

) * July 9 – Matthew Lewis (writer), Matthew "Monk" Lewis, English Gothic horror writer and politician (d. 1818) *

– Joseph Blanco White, Spanish-born political thinker, theologian and poet (d.

) * July 14 ** Louis Ducis, French painter (d.

) ** Berkeley Guise, British landowner and Member of Parliament (d.

) * July 15 – Richard Westmacott, British sculptor (d.

) * July 17 ** Domingo Eyzaguirre, Chilean politician and philanthropist (d.

) ** August Harder, German musician (d. 1813) * July 18 ** Pierre Decouz, French military officer (d. of wounds 1814) ** Karl von Rotteck, German political activist (d.

) * July 19 ** Camillo Borghese, 6th Prince of Sulmona (d.

) ** John Andrew Shulze, Pennsylvania political leader, sixth Governor of Pennsylvania (d.

) * July 21 ** Edward Heneage (cricketer), Edward Heneage, English first-class cricketer (d. 1810) ** George Osborne, 6th Duke of Leeds, English peer and politician (d. 1838) * July 23 ** Carl Ludwig Wilhelm Grolman, German jurist (d. 1829) ** Étienne-Louis Malus, French officer (d. 1812) * July 24 – Eugène François Vidocq, French criminal and private detective agent (d.

) * July 25 – Anna Harrison, American politician (d.

) * July 27 – Therese Brunsvik, Hungarian educationalist (d.

) * July 28 – Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian, British Army general (d.

) * July 31 – Emmanuel Dupaty, French singer and writer (d.

) * August 2 ** William Henry Ireland, English forger (d. 1835) ** José Ángel Lamas, Venezuelan classical musician and composer born in Caracas (d. 1814) * August 6 ** Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, last Dauphin of France (d.

) ** Daniel O'Connell, Ireland's predominant political leader (d.

) ** Hendrik van Oort, Northern Netherlandish painter (d.

) * August 7 ** Maria Brizzi Giorgi, Italian organist (d. 1812) ** Jacob Hoel, Norwegian farmer (d.

) ** Henriette Lorimier, popular portraitist in Paris at the beginning of Romanticism (d.

) * August 8 – Richard Blakemore, English politician (d.

) * August 9 – Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828) * August 12 – Conrad Malte-Brun, Danish-born geographer and writer on French politics (d.

) * August 14 – Pieter Adrianus Ossewaarde, Dutch politician (d.

) * August 15 ** Carlos de España, Spanish general (d.

) ** Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers, Austrian naturalist, native of Pressburg (d.

) * August 16 ** John Carlyle Herbert, American politician (d.

) ** Ebenezer Sage, American politician (d.

) *

** James Elliot (politician), James Elliot, American politician (d.

) ** Johann Leonhard Pfaff, bishop of the German Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda from 1832 (d.

) * August 20 ** Franz Dinnendahl, German mechanical engineer (d.

) ** George Tucker (politician), George Tucker, American politician (d.

) * August 22 ** François Péron, French naturalist and explorer (d. 1810) ** August von Vécsey, Austro-Hungarian general (d.

) *

– Mark Cubbon (army officer), Mark Cubbon, British army officer with the East India Company (d.

) * August 25 – Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann, German philosopher and anthropologist (d.

) * August 26 – William Joseph Behr, German political radical (d.

) * August 27 ** Frederick Graff, American hydraulic engineer (d.

) ** Jan Verveer, major general of the Royal Netherlands Army (d. 1838) * August 28 ** Antoine Marc Augustin Bertoletti, Italian general (d.

) ** Sophie Gail, French singer and composer (d.

) *

– Niels Wulfsberg, Norwegian publisher (d.

) * August 31 ** Agnes Bulmer, English epic poet (d.

) ** François de Fossa, French classical guitarist and composer (d.

) * September 1 – Honoré Charles Reille, French general, Marshal of France (d. 1860) * September 4 – Jean-François Le Gonidec, Breton linguist, Bible translator (d. 1838) * September 5 ** Juan Martín Díez, ''El Empecinado'', Spanish military leader (d.

) ** Adolph Ferdinand Gehlen, German chemist (d.

) * September 6 – Aleksey Greig, Russian admiral (d.

) * September 7 – John Jebb (bishop), John Jebb, Irish Anglican bishop and religious writer (d. 1833) * September 8 ** John Leyden, Scottish orientalist (d. 1811) ** Vasily Orlov-Denisov, Cossack Russian general (d.

) * September 9 ** Guillaume Capelle, French administrator and politician (d.

) ** Francisco Ramón Vicuña, President of Chile (d.

) * September 10 ** John Kidd (chemist), John Kidd, English physician, chemist and geologist (d.

) ** Murray Maxwell, British Royal Navy officer (d.

) * September 11 ** Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola, Prime Minister of Spain (d.

) ** Ferdinand August Freiherr von Hügel, general in the royal Württemberg Infantry (d.

) *

– Josef Jüttner, Austrian cartographer and military officer (d.

) * September 13 – Laura Secord, Canadian heroine of the War of 1812 (d. 1868) * September 14 ** Jean-Louis Burnouf, French philologist and translator (d.

) ** John Henry Hobart, third Episcopal bishop of New York from 1816 (d. 1830) ** Joseph Phillimore, English lawyer and Member of Parliament (d.

) * September 15 – William A. Griswold, American lawyer and politician (d.

) * September 16 ** Hermano José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco, Portuguese nobleman and politician (d.

) ** Giuseppe Rosaroll, Italian essayist and general in the army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (d.

) ** Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen, German botanist specializing in the field of bryology (d.

) * September 17 ** Georges Roffavier, French botanist (d. 1866) ** Margrethe Schall, Danish ballerina (d.

) * September 19 – José Félix Ribas, hero of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d.

) * September 20 – François-Pierre Chaumeton, French botanist and physician (d.

) * September 22 – Philip Milledoler, American protestant minister and fifth President of Rutgers College (d.

) * September 23 – Jens Christian Berg, Norwegian lawyer and historian (d.

) * September 24 – Nathan Heald, officer in the United States Army during the War of 1812 (d.

) *

– Pierre Flor, Norwegian politician (d.

) * September 26 – James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam, British peer and Member of Parliament (d.

) * September 29 ** David McConaughy (college president), David McConaughy, American pastor and fourth president of Washington College from 1831 to 1852 (d.

) ** François Michel de Rozière, French mining engineer and mineralogist (d.

) ** Herbert Taylor (British Army officer), Herbert Taylor, British Army officer (d.

) * September 30 – Robert Adrain, Irish-born American mathematician (d.

)

October–December

* October 2 – Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Viscount Lismore, Irish politician (d.

) * October 3 – Isaac von Sinclair, German writer and diplomat (d.

) * October 6 – Johann Anton André, German composer and music publisher (d.

) * October 7 ** Ramón Power y Giralt, Puerto Rican politician and Spanish admiral (d. 1813) ** Jaygopal Tarkalankar, Bengali writer and Sanskrit scholar (d.

) * October 9 ** Sir Alexander Boswell, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1822) ** Lars Johannes Irgens, Norwegian jurist and public official (d. 1830) ** Peter Thonning, Danish physician and botanist (d.

) ** Charles Williams-Wynn (1775–1850), Charles Williams-Wynn, British politician (d.

) * October 12 ** Lyman Beecher, American Presbyterian minister and patriarch (d.

) ** Ludovico Micara, Italian Catholic cardinal (d.

) *

– John Wentworth Loring, British Royal Navy admiral (d.

) * October 14 – Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron Macdonald of Sleat, Scottish general (d.

) * October 15 ** Bernhard Crusell, Swedish-Finnish clarinetist and composer 1838) ** Alberto Lista, Spanish poet and educationalist (d.

) ** Bernardo Peres da Silva, governor of Portuguese India (d.

) * October 17 – Ole Paulssøn Haagenstad, Norwegian politician (d. 1866) * October 18 ** Martial Aubertin, French stage actor and dramatist (d. 1824) ** Dawson Turner, English banker and botanist (d. 1858) ** John Vanderlyn, American artist (d.

) * October 19 ** Jean-Baptiste Faribault, Lower Canadian trader with the Indians and early settler in Minnesota (d. 1860) ** Kamma Rahbek, Danish salon holder (d. 1829) * October 21 ** Giuseppe Baini, Italian priest, music critic and composer (d.

) ** Bartholomew Crannell Beardsley, Canadian politician, lawyer and judge (d.

) * October 23 – Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer, German architect (d.

) * October 24 – Bahadur Shah II, Mughal emperor (d.

) *

** Charles Douglas, 3rd Baron Douglas, English amateur cricketer (d.

) ** Hans Moritz Hauke, German-Polish general (d. 1830) ** Joseph Nightingale, prolific English writer and preacher (d. 1824) ** Alexander Thom (surgeon), Alexander Thom, Scottish military surgeon, judge and politician in Upper Canada (d.

) * October 30 ** Catterino Cavos, Russian composer (d.

) ** Wilhelm Ludwig Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck, Prussian officer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars (d.

) * November 1 – Christian Adolph Diriks, Norwegian lawyer and statesman (d. 1837) * November 2 ** Jean-Emmanuel Jobez, French businessman and politician (d. 1828) ** Jeromus Johnson, American politician (d.

) * November 3 – Edward Paget, British Army generak (d.

) * November 4 – Pierre Capelle, French chansonnier (d.

) * November 6 – August Wilhelm Hartmann, Danish composer (d.

) *

– Joseph Fox (dental surgeon), Joseph Fox, English dental surgeon (d.

) * November 8 ** Achille Fontanelli, Italian nationalist and Napoleonic general (d. 1838) ** Jacob Peter Mynster, Danish theologian and Bishop of Zealand (d.

) * November 9 – Daniel Waldron, American businessman (d. 1821) *

– James Elliot (politician), James Elliot, American politician (d.

) * November 11 – Gulbrand Eriksen Tandberg, Norwegian farmer and politician (d.

) *

** John Burns (surgeon), John Burns, Scottish surgeon (d.

) ** Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Glengall, Irish peer (d.

) ** Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans, distinguished French soldier of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d.

) * November 14 – Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, German legal scholar (d. 1833) * November 15 – James Carnahan, American clergyman and educator, ninth President of Princeton University (d. 1859) * November 19 ** Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger, German entomologist and zoologist (d. 1813) ** François Antoine Teste, French officer during the Napoleonic Wars (d.

) * November 20 – Gustav Anton von Seckendorff, German author (d.

) * November 21 – Josef Servas d'Outrepont, German obstetrician (d.

) * November 23 ** Clemens Wenzeslaus Coudray, German neoclassical architect (d.

) ** Johann Georg Rist, Danish author (d.

) ** Maria Anna of Naples and Sicily, member of the French Royal Family (d. 1780) * November 24 – Peter Buell Allen, politician and military commander in New York State, pioneer of Vigo County and Terre Haute (d. 1833) * November 25 ** Joseph Borremans, Belgian composer (d. 1858) ** Michel Étienne Descourtilz, French physician, botanist and historiographer of the Haitian revolution (d. 1835) ** Jean Baptiste Godart, French entomologist (d.

) ** Gustaf Gabriel Hällström, Finnish scientist (d.

) ** Charles Kemble, Welsh-born English actor of a prominent theatre family (d.

) * November 27 ** Jean-Françoìs de Dompierre de Jonquières, Dutch-Danish merchant (d. 1820) ** Lauritz Weidemann, Norwegian politician (d.

) * November 28 ** William Frere, English lawyer and academic (d.

) ** Jean-Charles Létourneau, notary and political figure in Lower Canada (d. 1838) * November 29 – Marie Antoine de Reiset, French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars (d.

) * November 30 – Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier, French magistrate and politician (d. 1835) * December 2 – Joseph Denis Odevaere, Neo-Classical painter from the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) (d. 1830) *

– Abijah Bigelow, American politician (d. 1860) * December 6 ** Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (d.

) ** Nicolas Isouard, Maltese composer (d. 1818) * December 10 ** José María de la Cueva, 14th Duke of Albuquerque, Spanish general and ambassador (d. 1811) ** Giacomo Filippo Fransoni, Catholic cardinal (d.

) ** Jacques-Antoine Manuel, French lawyer (d.

) * December 11 – Peter Little, American politician (d. 1830) * December 13 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Younger, Prussian statesman (d.

) * December 14 ** Philander Chase, American Episcopal Church bishop, educator and pioneer (d.

) ** Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1860) * December 15 – Phineas Riall, British Army general (d.

) * December 16 ** Ciro Annunchiarico, Italian cult leader (d.

) ** Jane Austen, English novelist (d.

) ** François-Adrien Boïeldieu, French composer (d.

) ** John Fullerton, Lord Fullerton, Scottish law lord (d.

) * December 17 – Carlo Rossi (architect), Carlo Rossi, Russian architect (d.

) * December 20 ** Samuel Farrow, American politician (d. 1824) ** Pierre Antoine François Huber, brigadier general in the French army (d.

) * December 21 – Julien-Joseph Virey, French naturalist and anthropologist (d.

) * December 25 ** John Fitzgerald (1775–1852), John Fitzgerald, British Member of Parliament (d.

) ** Peter Reesor, American-born Mennonite settler in Ontario (d.

) ** Antun Sorkočević, Croatian composer, writer and diplomat (d.

) * December 26 – Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot, French officer, nobleman and counter-revolutionary (d. 1813) * December 28 ** João Domingos Bomtempo, Portuguese musician (d.

) ** Jean-Gabriel Eynard, Swiss banker (d.

) ** Pierre François Étienne Bouvet de Maisonneuve, French admiral (d. 1860) * Date unknown – Jeanne Geneviève Garnerin, French balloonist and parachutist (d.

)

Deaths

* January 1 – Ahmad Shah Bahadur, Mughal Emperor (b. 1725) *

– Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari, Sindhi Sufi poet (b. 1713) * January 8 – John Baskerville, English printer (b. 1707) *

– Stringer Lawrence, English soldier (b. 1697) * January 11 – Prithvi Narayan Shah, last ruler of the Gorkha Kingdom in the Indian subcontinent (b. 1723) *

– Johann Georg Walch, German theologian (b. 1693) * January 14 – Peter Schenk the Younger, Dutch engraver and map publisher active in Leipzig (b. 1693) *

– Vincenzo Riccati, Venetian mathematician and physicist (b. 1707) *

– Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet, English politician (b. 1685) * February 5 – Eusebius Amort, German Catholic theologian (b. 1692) * February 6 – William Dowdeswell (Chancellor), William Dowdeswell, English politician (b. 1721) *

– Peter Dens, Belgian Catholic theologian (b. 1690) * February 28 – Empress Xiaoyichun of China (b. 1727) * March 5 – Pierre-Laurent Buirette de Belloy, French dramatist and actor (b. 1727) *

– Job Baster, Dutch naturalist (b. 1711) * March 21 – Thomas Penn, son of American colonial leader William Penn (b. 1702) * March 22 – Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1697) * March 30 – Christian Ditlev Reventlow (1710–1775), Christian Ditlev Reventlow, Danish Privy Councillor (b. 1710) * April 14 – Countess Palatine Ernestine of Sulzbach, wife of Landgrave William II (b. 1697) *

– Isaac Davis (soldier), Isaac Davis, American gunsmith and militia officer who commanded a company of Minutemen from Acton (b. 1745) * April 30 – Peter Harrison (architect), Peter Harrison, English-born colonial American architect (b. 1716) * May 1 – Israel Lyons, English mathematician and botanist (b. 1739) * May 2 – Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German noblewoman (b. 1715) * May 3 – George Boscawen (1712–1775), George Boscawen, British general (b. 1712) *

** Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann, German actress (b. 1757) ** Caroline Matilda of Great Britain, Caroline Matilda, British princess, queen consort of Denmark (b. 1751) * May 18 – Magnus Beronius, Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden (b. 1692) * May 27 – Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, French noblewoman (b. 1693) * June 15 – Asa Pollard, American soldier (b. 1735) *

–

** John Pitcairn, British marine major (b. 1722) **

, American Patriot, physician (b. 1741) * June 21 – Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1718–1775) and Nassau-Saarbrücken (1728–1735) (b. 1712) * June 23 – Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz, German adventurer and writer (b. 1692) *

– Thomas Gardner (politician), Thomas Gardner, American politician and colonel (d. of wounds) (b. 1724) *

– Simon Boerum, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724) * July 13 ** Louis Charles, Count of Eu, member of the French Capetian dynasty (b. 1701) ** John Ratcliffe (Master of Pembroke), John Ratcliffe, English academic, Master of Pembroke College, Oxford (b. 1700) * July 21 – Szymon Czechowicz, prominent Polish Baroque painter (b. 1689) * August 10 – Elihu Adams, soldier in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1741) * August 13 – Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski, Polish nobleman (b. 1696) *

– Zahir al-Umar, Arab ruler of northern Ottoman Palestine (b. 1689) * August 22 – Remember Baker, American soldier, member of the Green Mountain Boys (murdered) (b. 1737) * August 27 – James Burgh, British Whig politician and writer (b. 1714) * September 6 – Jean-Baptiste Bullet, French writer (b. 1669) * September 13 – Klaas Annink, Dutch serial killer (executed) (b. 1710) * September 16 – Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst, English privy councillor (b. 1684) * September 17 – John Parker (captain), John Parker, American colonial farmer (b. 1729) * September 23 – John Bentinck, British Royal Navy officer (b. 1737) * September 24 – Emanuel Büchel, Swiss painter (b. 1705) * October 2 – Fukuda Chiyo-ni, Japanese ''haiku'' poet and Buddhist nun (b. 1703) * October 3 – Cluer Dicey, English newspaper proprietor and patent medicine vendor (b. 1715) *

– James Cholmondeley, British Army officer and Member of Parliament (b. 1708) * October 18 – Christian August Crusius, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1715) * October 22 – Peyton Randolph, planter and public official from the Colony of Virginia (b. 1721) * November 4 – Luis Jayme, Spanish-born Franciscan (b. 1740) * November 5 – Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, German noble (b. 1722) * November 9 – Francisco Ximénez de Tejada, Spanish knight, 69th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1703) *

– Jeanne Camus de Pontcarré, French aristocrat and eccentric widow (b. 1705) * November 21 – John Hill (botanist), John Hill, English botanist and writer * November 24 – Lorenzo Ricci, Italian Jesuit leader (b. 1703) * November 25 – Richard Spry, British Royal Navy officer who served as North America and West Indies Station (b. 1715) * December 7 – Charles Saunders (admiral), Charles Saunders, British admiral * December 9 – Robert Livingston (1718–1775), Robert Livingston, American politician (b. 1718) * December 15 – Marie-Angélique Memmie Le Blanc, French feral child (b. 1712) * December 28 – Petrus Albertus van der Parra, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1714) *

–

, American general (killed in battle) (b. 1738)

Events

Summary

January–June

July–December

Date unknown

Births

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Deaths

References

Further reading