Events

Summary

The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19

Battles of Lexington and Concord The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were fought on April 19, 1775, in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord ...

on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The

Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress was a late-18th-century meeting of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that united in support of the American Revolutionary War. The Congress was creating a new country it first named "United Colonies" and in 1 ...

takes various steps toward organizing an American government, appointing

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ...

commander-in-chief (June 14), Benjamin Franklin postmaster general (July 26) and creating a

Continental Navy The Continental Navy was the navy of the United States during the American Revolutionary War and was founded October 13, 1775. The fleet cumulatively became relatively substantial through the efforts of the Continental Navy's patron John Adams ...

(October 13) and a Marine force (November 10) as landing troops for it, but as yet the 13 colonies have not declared independence, and both the British (June 12) and American (July 15) governments make laws. On July 6, Congress issues the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms and on August 23, King George III of Great Britain declares the American colonies in rebellion, announcing it to Parliament on November 10. On June 17, two months into the colonial

siege of Boston The siege of Boston (April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776) was the opening phase of the American Revolutionary War. New England militiamen prevented the movement by land of the British Army, which was garrisoned in what was then the peninsular town ...

, at the

Battle of Bunker Hill The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the first stage of the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was peripherally involved in ...

, just north of Boston, British forces are victorious, but only after suffering severe casualties and after Colonial forces run out of ammunition, Fort Ticonderoga is taken by American forces in New York Colony's northern frontier, and American forces unsuccessfully invade Canada, with an attack on Montreal defeated by British forces on November 13 and an attack on Quebec repulsed December 31. Human knowledge and mastery over nature advances when

James Watt James Watt (; 30 January 1736 (19 January 1736 OS) – 25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1776, which was fun ...

builds a successful prototype of a steam engine, and a scientific expedition continues as Captain

James Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean an ...

claims the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands in the south Atlantic Ocean for Britain. Nature's power over humanity is dramatically demonstrated when the

Independence Hurricane The 1775 Newfoundland hurricane, also known as the Independence Hurricane, was a hurricane that struck the Thirteen Colonies and the Colony of Newfoundland in August and September, 1775, at the outset of the American War of Independence. It is be ...

(August 29 – September 13) devastates the east coast of

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

, killing 4,173, and when, on the western side of the North American continent, Tseax Cone erupts in the future British Columbia, as well as when a

smallpox epidemic Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) cer ...

begins in New England. Smallpox was then cured by Edward Jenner.

January–June

* January – The

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

forces the Ottoman Empire to cede

Bukovina Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter BergerT ...

to its rule. * January 5 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart finishes a Sonata for Keyboard in C. * January 17 – Second voyage of James Cook: Captain

takes possession of

South Georgia South Georgia ( es, Isla San Pedro) is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It lies around east of the Falkland Islands. Stretching in the east� ...

for the Kingdom of Great Britain. * February 9 – American Revolution: The

Parliament of Great Britain The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdo ...

declares the Province of Massachusetts Bay to be in rebellion. *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

–

Pope Pius VI Pope Pius VI ( it, Pio VI; born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, 25 December 171729 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799. Pius VI condemned the French Revoluti ...

succeeds Pope Clement XIV as the 250th pope. *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

– The British East India Company factory on Balambangan Island is destroyed by

Moro pirates The Sulu and Celebes Seas, a semi- enclosed sea area and porous region that covers an area of space around 1 million square kilometres, have been subject to illegal maritime activities since the pre-colonial era and continue to pose a maritim ...

. * March 6 –

Raghunathrao Raghunathrao Bhat (a.k.a. Ragho Ballal or Ragho Bharari) (18 August 1734 – 11 December 1783) was the 11th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire for a brief period from 1773 to 1774. He was known among the Hindus for his extremely successful North-west ...

, Peshwa of the Maratha Empire in India, signs the

Treaty of Surat {{Use dmy dates, date=April 2012 The Treaty of Surat (6 March 1775) was a treaty by which Raghunathrao, one of the claimants to the throne of the Peshwa, agreed to cede Salsette and Bassein Fort to the English, in consideration of being himself res ...

with the British Governor-General

Warren Hastings Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818) was a British colonial administrator, who served as the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and so the first Governor-Genera ...

in Bombay ceding the territories of Salsette and Bassein to the British East India Company along with part of the revenues from

Surat Surat is a city in the western Indian state of Gujarat. The word Surat literally means ''face'' in Gujarati and Hindi. Located on the banks of the river Tapti near its confluence with the Arabian Sea, it used to be a large seaport. It is now ...

and

Bharuch Bharuch (), formerly known as Broach, is a city at the mouth of the river Narmada in Gujarat in western India. Bharuch is the administrative headquarters of Bharuch District. The city of Bharuch and surroundings have been settled since tim ...

districts in return for military assistance. This leads to the First Anglo-Maratha War fought between the British and the Marathas, ending with the Treaty of Salbai in

1782 Events January–March * January 7 – The first American commercial bank (Bank of North America) opens. * January 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the United States Congress to recommend establish ...

. * March 17 –

Catherine the Great , en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhal ...

of Russia issues a manifesto prohibiting freed serfs from being returned to serfdom. * March 23 – American Revolution: Patrick Henry, a delegate to the

Second Virginia Convention The Virginia Conventions have been the assemblies of delegates elected for the purpose of establishing constitutions of fundamental law for the Commonwealth of Virginia superior to General Assembly legislation. Their constitutions and subseque ...

after the Virginia House of Burgesses was disbanded by the Royal Governor, delivers his " Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech at St. John's Church in

Richmond, Virginia (Thus do we reach the stars) , image_map = , mapsize = 250 px , map_caption = Location within Virginia , pushpin_map = Virginia#USA , pushpin_label = Richmond , pushpin_m ...

. * April 18 – American Revolution: Paul Revere and William Dawes, instructed by Dr. Joseph Warren, ride from Boston to Lexington to warn John Hancock and

Sam Adams Samuel Adams ( – October 2, 1803) was an American statesman, political philosopher, and a Founding Father of the United States. He was a politician in colonial Massachusetts, a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and ...

that British forces are coming to take them prisoner and to seize colonial weapons and ammunition in Concord. * April 19 – American Revolution –

: Hostility between Britain and its American colonies explodes into bloodshed, igniting the American Revolutionary War. *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

** American Revolution: The

meets, elects John Hancock president, raises the

Continental Army The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies (the Thirteen Colonies) in the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and was establis ...

under

as commander and authorizes the colonies to adopt their own constitutions. ** American Revolution:

Ethan Allen Ethan Allen ( – February 12, 1789) was an American farmer, businessman, land speculator, philosopher, writer, lay theologian, American Revolutionary War patriot, and politician. He is best known as one of the founders of Vermont and for ...

and

Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold ( Brandt (1994), p. 4June 14, 1801) was an American military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defect ...

, leading the

Green Mountain Boys The Green Mountain Boys were a militia organization first established in 1770 in the territory between the British provinces of New York and New Hampshire, known as the New Hampshire Grants and later in 1777 as the Vermont Republic (which late ...

of Vermont, capture Fort Ticonderoga. * May 17 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress bans trade with Canada. * June 11 – American Revolutionary War –

Battle of Machias The Battle of Machias (June 11–12, 1775) was an early naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War, also known as the Battle of the ''Margaretta'', fought around the port of Machias, Maine. Following the outbreak of the war, British a ...

: In the first naval engagement of the American Revolution, Patriot forces capture the schooner ''HMS Margaretta''. *

June 12 Events Pre-1600 * 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors. * 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...

– American Revolution: ** The British forces offer a pardon to all colonists who lay down their arms. ** Action by citizens of Machias, Maine, in capturing British ships recognises the existence of a United States Merchant Marine. * June 14 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress names

as commander of the

. * June 16 – The post of Chief Engineer of the

is created. *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. * 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...

– American Revolution: Two months into the colonial

, British open fire on Breed's Hill on Charles Town Peninsula. After 3 charges, the British take the hill in the misnamed

. * June 19 – The post of Commanding General is created by the

Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...

July–December

* July 3 – American Revolution: George Washington takes command of the 17,000-man Continental Army at Cambridge. * July 5 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress sends the

Olive Branch Petition The Olive Branch Petition was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 5, 1775, and signed on July 8 in a final attempt to avoid war between Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies in America. The Congress had already authorized the i ...

, hoping for a reconciliation. * July 6 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress issues Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, which contains the words: "Our cause is just. Our union is perfect... being with one mind resolved to die freemen rather than to live slaves...". * July 26 – The Second Continental Congress appoints Benjamin Franklin to be the first Postmaster General of what later becomes the United States Post Office Department. *

July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. *1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. *1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands ...

– Second voyage of James Cook: anchors off the south coast of England, Captain Cook having completed the first eastbound global circumnavigation. * August 18 – Tucson is founded. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

– American Revolution –

Siege of Fort St. Jean The siege of Fort St. Jean (September 17 – November 3, 1775, also called St. John, St. Johns, or St. John's, french: Siège du Fort Saint-Jean) was conducted by American Brigadier General Richard Montgomery on the town and fort of Saint-Jea ...

: American rebels launch an invasion of Canada. * August 23 – American Revolution: Refusing to even look at the Olive Branch Petition, King George issues a

Proclamation of Rebellion The Proclamation of Rebellion, officially titled A Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition, was the response of George III to the news of the Battle of Bunker Hill at the outset of the American Revolution. Issued on 23 August 1775, ...

against the American colonies. * August 29 – September 12 – The ''Independence Hurricane'' from South Carolina to Nova Scotia kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors. *

September 25 Events Pre-1600 * 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus. * 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt a ...

– American Revolution: Siege of Fort St. Jean – Battle of Longue-Pointe: Thirteen Colonies revolutionary forces under Maj.

attack Montreal in Quebec, commanded by British General

Guy Carleton Guy Carleton may refer to: *Guy Carleton (bishop) (1605–1685), Anglican bishop * Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester (1724–1808), Irish soldier and early Governor of Canada * Guy Carleton (general), (1857–1946), United States Army major genera ...

. Allen's forces are defeated, and Allen himself is captured and held on British ships until he is released. * October – The Sayre Plotters attempt to kidnap

George III of the United Kingdom George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland from 25 October 1760 until Acts of Union 1800, the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was ...

. * October 13 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress orders the establishment of the

(later the United States Navy). * October 26 – American Revolution: George III announces to Parliament that the American colonies are in an uprising and must be dealt with accordingly. * November – American Revolution: Colonel Richard Richardson's South Carolina revolutionaries march through

Ninety-Six District Ninety-Six District (not "96th") is a former judicial district in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It existed as a district from 29 July 1769 to 31 December 1799. The court house and jail for Ninety-Six District were in Ninety Six, South Carolina. ...

in what becomes known as the ''Snow Campaign'', effectively ending all major support for the

Loyalist Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Cro ...

cause in the backcountry of South Carolina. * November 7 – American Revolution:

John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore (1730 – 25 February 1809), known as Lord Dunmore, was a British people, British Peerage, nobleman and Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies, colonial governor in the Thirteen Colonies, American colonies ...

, British royal governor of the

Colony of Virginia The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colonial empire, English colony in North America, following failed attempts at settlement on Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey GilbertG ...

, signs Dunmore's Proclamation, declaring martial law and offering freedom to

slaves Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to perf ...

of Patriots who run away from their owners and join the

forces (formal proclamation November 15) thus losing the support of planters who see slaves as their vital livelihood. * November 10 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress passes a resolution creating the Continental Marines to serve as landing troops for the recently created Continental Navy (the Marines are disbanded at end of the war in April

1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ratifies two October 8, ...

but reformed on July 11,

1798 Events January–June * January – Eli Whitney contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 muskets, which he produces with interchangeable parts. * January 4 – Constantine Hangerli enters Bucharest, as Prince of Wa ...

as the United States Marine Corps). * November 13 – American Revolution: Battle of Montreal – American forces under Brigadier General

Richard Montgomery Richard Montgomery (2 December 1738 – 31 December 1775) was an Irish soldier who first served in the British Army. He later became a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and he is most famous for l ...

capture Montreal. British General

escapes to Quebec. * November 17 – The city of

Kuopio Kuopio (, ) is a Finnish city and municipality located in the region of Northern Savonia. It has a population of , which makes it the most populous municipality in Finland. Along with Joensuu, Kuopio is one of the major urban, economic, and cult ...

, Finland (belonging to

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

at this time) is founded by King

Gustav III of Sweden Gustav III (29 March 1792), also called ''Gustavus III'', was King of Sweden from 1771 until his assassination in 1792. He was the eldest son of Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Queen Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. Gustav was a vocal opponent of what ...

. * December 5 – American Revolution: Henry Knox begins

his journey His or HIS may refer to: Computing * Hightech Information System, a Hong Kong graphics card company * Honeywell Information Systems * Hybrid intelligent system * Microsoft Host Integration Server Education * Hangzhou International School, in ...

to Cambridge, Massachusetts with the artillery that has been captured from Fort Ticonderoga. * December 31 – American Revolution: Battle of Quebec – British forces repulse an attack by

generals

and

at Quebec; Montgomery is killed.

Date unknown

* Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. **

's 1769

steam engine A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be trans ...

patent is extended to June 1800 by Act of Parliament and the first engines are built under it. ** John Wilkinson invents and patents a new kind of boring machine. *

decrees a Statute for the Administration of the Provinces of the Russian Empire dividing the country into provinces and districts for efficient government. * A

begins in New England. * Tseax Cone in northwestern British Columbia erupts. * Typhoon Liengkieki devastates the Pacific atoll of Pingelap. * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart writes his five violin concertos in Salzburg at about this date. * The Calcutta Theatre is inaugurated. * Shneur Zalman of Liadi founds the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic Jewish dynasty. * Probable date – Jeanne Baret returns to France, becoming the first woman to complete a circumnavigation of the globe.

Births

Charles Bird King portrait of Louisa Adams

Tieck, Friedrich, Ludwig Tieck und seine Schwester Sophie

Joseph Mallord William Turner Self Portrait 1799

Matthew Gregory Lewis by George Lethbridge Saunders, after Unknown artist

Lefèvre - Guillaume, baron Capelle (1775-1843)

Chase Philander-Bishop Episcopal Church USA

January–March

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empi ...

–

Henry Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet Henry James Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet (2 January 1775 – 12 June 1849) was a peer in the peerage of England and a noted English cricketer of the 1790s. Biography Henry Tufton belonged to an aristocratic family that was prominent in cricket ...

, English cricketer (d.

1849 Events January–March * January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps. * January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, enters in th ...

) *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

–

Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont Francis William Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont KP, PC (Ire) (3 January 1775 – 26 December 1863), styled Viscount Caulfeild until 1799, was an Irish peer and politician. He was born the elder son of James Caulfeild, 1st Earl of Charlemont a ...

, Irish politician (d.

1863 Events January–March * January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaims t ...

) *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

George Weare Braikenridge George Weare Braikenridge (1775–1856) was an English antiquarian. He was born in the Colony of Virginia, but lived for most of his life in Bristol, England, where he created a large collection of Bristolian historical and topographical mate ...

, English antiquarian (d.

1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – American paddle steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatlantic voyag ...

) ** Carlo, Duke of Calabria, Italian prince (d.

1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he na ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

Date Narimura was a mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 8th ''daimyō'' of Sendai Domain in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan, and the 24th hereditary chieftain of the Date clan. Biography Narimura was the second son of Date Shigemura by a concubine. ...

, Japanese daimyō (d.

1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital ...

) **

Horace St Paul Sir Horace David Cholwell St Paul, 1st Baronet (6 January 1775 – 8 October 1840) was an English soldier and Member of Parliament. He was born in Paris, the eldest son of Horace St. Paul of Ewart Park, Northumberland. His younger brother was He ...

, English soldier and Member of Parliament (d.

1840 Events January–March * January 3 – One of the predecessor papers of the ''Herald Sun'' of Melbourne, Australia, ''The Port Phillip Herald'', is founded. * January 10 – Uniform Penny Post is introduced in the United Kingdom. * Janua ...

) *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

–

Thomas Amyot Thomas Amyot (7 January 1775 – 28 September 1850) was an English antiquarian. Early life Amyot was born at Norwich on 7 January 1775, of Huguenot descent. Intended for the profession of a country attorney, he became an articled clerk with a No ...

, English antiquarian (d.

1850 Events January–June * April ** Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome. ** Stephen Foster's parlor ballad "Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States. * April 4 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a cit ...

) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

** Juan Francisco Larrobla, Uruguayan politician (d.

1842 Events January–March * January ** Michael Alexander takes office, as the first appointee to the Anglican-German Bishopric in Jerusalem. ** American medical student William E. Clarke of Berkshire Medical College becomes the first pe ...

) **

Antonio Villavicencio Antonio Villavicencio y Verástegui (January 9, 1775 – June 6, 1816) was a statesman and soldier of New Granada, born in Quito, and educated in Spain. He served in the Battle of Trafalgar as an officer in the Spanish Navy with the rank of Sec ...

, statesman and soldier of New Granada (d.

1816 This year was known as the ''Year Without a Summer'', because of low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, possibly the result of the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815, causing severe global cooling, catastrophic in s ...

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

– James Sewall Morsell, United States federal judge (d.

1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...

) *

January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...

–

Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski Count Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski of Herb Jelita (13 January 1775 – 2 April 1856) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), politician, landowner, and patron of arts. By birth he was a member of the House of Zamoyski. Biography Stanisław was the ...

, Polish noble (d.

) *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

– Giosuè Sangiovanni, Italian zoologist (d.

) * January 18 ** Pedro Moreno, Mexican soldier (d.

1817 Events January–March * January 1 – Sailing through the Sandwich Islands, Otto von Kotzebue discovers New Year Island. * January 19 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, starts crossing the ...

) ** Evelyn Pierrepont, British Member of Parliament (d.

1801 Events January–March * January 1 ** The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland is completed under the Act of Union 1800, bringing about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the abolition of the Parliament of I ...

) * January 19 **

Hudson Gurney Hudson Gurney (19 January 1775 – 9 November 1864) was an English antiquary and verse-writer, also known as a politician. He was a member of the Gurney family. Life Gurney was born at Norwich on 19 January 1775, the eldest son of Richard Gurney ...

, English antiquary and verse-writer (d.

1864 Events January–March * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster ("Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song " ...

) **

George Pyke George Pyke (January 19, 1775 – February 3, 1851) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Lower Canada. His surname is sometimes recorded as Pike. He was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1775, the son of John George Pyke, and studied l ...

, Canadian politician (d.

1851 Events January–March * January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion. * January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-day Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly. ...

) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

–

André-Marie Ampère André-Marie Ampère (, ; ; 20 January 177510 June 1836) was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as "electrodynamics". He is also the inventor of nu ...

, French physicist and mathematician (d.

1836 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. * January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas. * January 12 ** , with Charles Darwin on board, r ...

) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

** Manuel García, Spanish singer, teacher and composer (d.

1832 Events January–March * January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society. * January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white plan ...

) * January 23 **

Pietro Colletta Pietro Colletta (January 23, 1775 – November 11, 1831) was a Neapolitan general and historian, entered the Neapolitan artillery in 1796 and took part in the campaign against the French in 1798. Biography Colletta was born in Naples. On the ent ...

, Neapolitan general and historian (d.

1831 Events January–March * January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing '' The Liberator'', an anti-slavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts. * January 10 – Japanese department store, Takashimaya in Kyoto establ ...

) ** José Fernández Salvador, Ecuadorian politician and jurist (d.

1853 Events January–March * January 6 – Florida Governor Thomas Brown signs legislation that provides public support for the new East Florida Seminary, leading to the establishment of the University of Florida. * January 8 – Taiping Reb ...

) **

John Rubens Smith John Rubens Smith (January 23, 1775 – August 21, 1849) was a London-born painter, printmaker and art instructor who worked in the United States. Biography Smith was born in London, England where he first studied art with his father, John Rap ...

, London-born painter (d.

) *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...

– Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, German philosopher (d.

1854 Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The Teut ...

) * January 28 ** Lady Charlotte Bury, English novelist (d.

1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam-p ...

) **

James Brown Mason James Brown Mason (January 28, 1775August 31, 1819) was an American physician and legislator who served in the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 1804 to 1814, where he was speaker from 1812 to 1814. Elected to Congress in November 1814 ...

, American physician and legislator (d.

1819 Events January–March * January 2 – The Panic of 1819, the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States, begins. * January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia. * January 29 – Si ...

) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

– Walter Savage Landor, English writer and poet (d.

) * January 31 **

Giordano Bianchi Dottula Giordano Bianchi Dottula (31 January 1775, Montrone - 19 February 1846, Naples) was an Italian writer and politician. Life He initially studied under the Piarist father Ermenegildo Guarnieri before moving from Naples to Rome. Passionate about clas ...

, Italian writer and politician (d.

1846 Events January–March * January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom. * January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway' ...

) ** John Richard Farre, English physician (d.

1862 Events January–March * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico. * January ...

) *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

** Philippe de Girard, French engineer and inventor of the first flax spinning frame in 1810 (d.

1845 Events January–March * January 10 – Elizabeth Barrett receives a love letter from the younger poet Robert Browning; on May 20, they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing her ''Sonnets from the Portuguese''. * January 23 ...

) **

Jochum Nicolay Müller Jochum Nicolay Müller (born 1 February 1775 in Trondheim, Norway - died 2 January 1848 in Oslo, Norway) was a Norwegian naval officer who, as a midshipman, excelled at mathematics. As a junior lieutenant he met Horatio Nelson, and as a captain c ...

, Norwegian naval officer who (d.

1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...

) *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...

– Gurun Princess Hexiao of the Manchu dynasty (d.

1823 Events January–March * January 22 – By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolutio ...

) *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. *1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...

** Maximilien Sébastien Foy, French military leader (d.

1825 Events January–March * January 4 – King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies in Naples and is succeeded by his son, Francis. * February 3 – Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula forming westernmost Denmark, becomes a ...

) **

Louis-François Lejeune Louis-François, Baron Lejeune (3 February 1775 in Strasbourg – 29 February 1848) was a French general, painter, and lithographer. His memoirs have frequently been republished and his name is engraved on the Arc de Triomphe. Life He studi ...

, French general, painter and printmaker (d.

) * February 8 ** Jacob Liv Borch Sverdrup, Norwegian educator (d.

1841 Events January–March * January 20 – Charles Elliot of the United Kingdom, and Qishan of the Qing dynasty, agree to the Convention of Chuenpi. * January 26 – Britain occupies Hong Kong. Later in the year, the first census of the i ...

) ** Antonio Bertoloni, Italian botanist who made extensive studies of Italian plants (d.

1869 Events January–March * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 – E ...

) ** Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth, British politician (d.

1855 Events January–March * January 1 – Ottawa, Ontario, is incorporated as a city. * January 5 – Ramón Castilla begins his third term as President of Peru. * January 23 ** The first bridge over the Mississippi River opens ...

) * February 9 **

Farkas Bolyai Farkas Bolyai (; 9 February 1775 – 20 November 1856; also known as Wolfgang Bolyai in Germany) was a Hungarian mathematician, mainly known for his work in geometry. Biography Bolyai was born in Bolya, a village near Hermannstadt, Grand Pr ...

, Hungarian mathematician (d.

) ** Theodor Hell, pseudonym of Karl Gottfried Theodor Winkler, German man of letters (d.

) * February 10 ** Charles Lamb, English essayist (d.

1834 Events January–March * January – The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina. * January 1 – Zollverein (Germany): Customs charges are abolished at borders within its member states. * January 3 � ...

) **

James Wilkes Maurice Vice-Admiral James Wilkes Maurice (10 February 1775 – 4 September 1857) was an officer of the Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Unlike his contemporaries who won fame commanding ships, Maurice gained accolades ...

, British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d.

1857 Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * Janua ...

) **

Ádám Récsey Baron Ádám Récsey de Récse ( hu, récsei báró Récsey Ádám, german: Adam Retsey von Retse; 10 February 1775 – 26 October 1852) was a Hungarian general, joined the army of Habsburg monarchy, and briefly a politician who was appointed il ...

, Prime Minister of Hungary (October 3–7, 1848) (d.

1852 Events January–March * January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come tog ...

) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

– William Hall, American politician (d.

) * February 12 **

Louisa Adams Louisa Catherine Adams ( ''née'' Johnson; February 12, 1775 – May 15, 1852) was the First Lady of the United States from 1825 to 1829 during the presidency of John Quincy Adams. Early life Adams was born on February 12, 1775, in the City ...

, First Lady of the United States, wife of President John Quincy Adams (d.

) ** Charles Lloyd, English poet (d.

1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – T ...

) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

–

Benjamin Gorham Benjamin Gorham (February 13, 1775 – September 27, 1855) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. He was the son of Nathaniel Gorham, who served as one of the Presidents of the Continental Congress. Benjamin was born in Charlestown in t ...

, American politician (d.

) * February 14 – William Clift, English medical illustrator and conservator (d.

) *

** Paul Allen (editor), Paul Allen, American author and editor (d. 1826) ** Miguel Ramos Arizpe, Mexican priest (d. 1843) ** Simmons Jones Baker, American politician (d.

) * February 17 ** Heinrich Jacob Aldenrath, German portrait painter (d. 1844) ** Frederick Garling, English attorney and solicitor (d.

) * February 18 – Thomas Girtin, English painter and etcher (d. 1802) * February 19 ** John Bibby (businessman), John Bibby, founder of the British Bibby Line shipping company (d.

) ** Giovanni Battista Comolli, Italian sculptor (d.

) * February 20 ** Guy-Victor Duperré, French naval officer and Admiral of France (d.

) ** Israel Gregg, first captain of the historic American steamboat Enterprise (1814), ''Enterprise'' (1814) (d. 1847) ** John Starr (politician), John Starr, merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia (d. 1827) * February 21 ** Jean-Baptiste Girard (soldier), Jean-Baptiste Girard, French soldier (d. 1815) ** Claudius Herrick, American educator and minister (d.

) * February 22 ** William Seymour (Congressman), William Seymour, United States Representative from New York (d.

) * February 24 ** Claudius Hunter, Lord Mayor of London (d.

) ** Matěj Kopecký, Czech puppeteer (d. 1847) ** Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset, English landowner and amateur mathematician (d.

) * February 25 – John Caldwell (seigneur), John Caldwell, businessman and politician in Lower Canada (d.

) *

– Adolf Stieler, German cartographer and lawyer (d.

) * February 28 – Sophie Tieck, German poet (d. 1833) * March 3 – Henry Prittie, 2nd Baron Dunalley, British politician (d.

) * March 4 – Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger, Austrian portrait painter (d. 1837) * March 5 ** Charlotte Richardson, English poet (d.

) ** Adam Elias von Siebold, German gynecologist (d. 1828) * March 9 ** Jean Kickx (1775–1831), Jean Kickx, Belgian botanist and mineralogist (d.

) ** Constance Mayer, French painter (d. 1821) * March 10 ** Marc-Antoine Jullien de Paris, French journalist (d.

) ** Sir David Wedderburn, 1st Baronet, Scottish businessman and politician (d. 1858) * March 11 ** Nils Landmark, Norwegian politician (d. 1859) ** Pierre Jean François Turpin, French botanist and illustrator (d.

) * March 12 ** Joseph Chitty, English lawyer and legal writer (d.

) ** Henry Eckford (shipbuilder), Henry Eckford, Scottish-born American shipbuilder, naval architect, industrial engineer, entrepreneur (d.

) ** Michel Grendahl, Norwegian politician (d.

) ** James Welsh (East India Company officer), James Welsh, English officer in the Madras Army of the East India Company (d.

) * March 14 – Samuel Street Jr., businessman in Upper Canada (d. 1844) * March 15 – Juan Bautista Arismendi, Venezuelan patriot and general of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d.

) * March 17 – Ninian Edwards, founding political figure of the state of Illinois (d. 1833) * March 19 – Ramsay Richard Reinagle, English painter (d.

) * March 22 ** Johan Collett, Norwegian politician and public administrator (d. 1827) ** Jack Crawford (sailor), Jack Crawford, British Royal Navy sailor, "Hero of Camperdown" (d.

) ** Armand Gouffé, French poet (d.

) * March 23 – William Haseldine Pepys, English physical scientist (d.

) * March 24 ** Pauline Auzou, French painter and art instructor (d. 1835) ** Pierre Berthezène, French Army general (d. 1847) ** Muthuswami Dikshitar, South Indian poet and composer (d. 1835) * March 25 – John Johnston (Indian agent), John Johnston, United States Indian agent (d.

) * March 26 – Thomas Monteagle Bayly, Virginian politician, lawyer and planter (d.

) * March 27 – Nicolai Abraham Holten, Danish civil servant and director of Øresund Custom House (d.

) * March 28 – Johann Heinrich Gossler, Hamburg banker and grand burgher (d.

) * March 30 – Hieronymus Karl Graf von Colloredo-Mansfeld, Austrian corps commander during the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1822)

April–June

* April 2 ** John Higton, English animal painter (d. 1827) ** Calvin Jones (physician), Calvin Jones, American politician (d.

) ** Moses Walton, Virginia farmer serving in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly (d. 1847) * April 4 – Dutch Sam, British boxer (d.

) * April 5 – Johann Nepomuk Rust, Austrian surgeon (d.

) * April 6 – Edward Wynne-Pendarves, English politician (d.

) * April 7 ** Eliza Jumel, American socialite (d. 1865) ** Francis Cabot Lowell, American businessman (d.

) ** Louis Barbe Charles Sérurier, French diplomat (d. 1860) * April 8 ** Antoine Charles Cazenove, Swiss-American businessman and diplomat (d.

) ** Adam Albert von Neipperg, Austrian general and statesman (d. 1829) ** Thomas Powys, 2nd Baron Lilford, British peer (d.

) * April 9 – Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada, Brazilian politician, leader in Brazil's independence and government (d. 1844) * April 10 – Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi, German psychiatrist (d. 1858) * April 12 ** Christian Samuel Theodor Bernd, German linguist and heraldist (d.

) ** Vito Nunziante, Italian general (d.

) * April 13 – Adolph Henke, German physician (d. 1843) * April 14 ** Karl Becker (philologist), Karl Becker, German philologist (d.

) ** John Philip (missionary), John Philip, Scottish-born missionary in South Africa (d.

) * April 16 ** Sylvester Maxwell, American lawyer and legislator (d. 1858) ** Charles Stewart (bishop), Charles Stewart, English Anglican bishop in Lower Canada (d. 1837) * April 21 ** Alexander Anderson (illustrator), Alexander Anderson, American physician and illustrator (d.

) ** Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby, British politician (d.

) * April 22 ** Georg Hermes, German Roman Catholic theologian (d.

) ** Henry Ryan (minister), Henry Ryan, US-Canadian Methodist minister (d. 1833) * April 23 – J. M. W. Turner, English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker (d.

) * April 25 ** William Warren Baldwin, Canadian politician (d. 1844) ** Alexander Johnston (1775–1849), Alexander Johnston, Sri Lankan judge (d.

) ** Carlota Joaquina of Spain, Queen consort of Portugal (d. 1830) * April 27 – Pietro Ostini, Catholic cardinal (d.

) * April 28 ** William Capel (sportsman), William Capel, English sportsman and clergyman (d.

) ** Loftus William Otway, British Napoleonic Wars general (d. 1835) * April 29 – Samuel King (minister), Samuel King, American Presbyterian minister, a founder of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (d.

) * April 30 ** Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie, Marshal of France (d.

) ** Calvin Fillmore, American farmer and politician from New York (d. 1865) ** George Kinloch (politician), George Kinloch, Scottish reformer and politician (d. 1833) * May 1 – Angélique Mongez, French Neoclassical artist (d.

) * May 3 – John Hansen Sørbrøden, Norwegian farmer (d.

) * May 5 ** Marie-Anne Calame, Swiss vitreous enamel miniaturist and pietist philanthropic educator (d.

) ** Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug, German entomologist (d.

) ** Alexander McNair, American frontiersman and politician (d. 1826) ** Pablo Morillo, Spanish general (d. 1837) * May 6 ** Hans Henrich Maschmann, Norwegian pharmacist (d. 1860) ** Mary Martha Sherwood, English children's author (d.

) * May 8 – George Gwilt the younger, English architect (d.

) * May 9 – Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828) *

** Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle, French cavalry general during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1809) ** William Phillips (geologist), William Phillips, English mineralogist and geologist (d. 1828) * May 12 – George Whitmore (British Army officer), George Whitmore, British Army general (d.

) * May 14 – Micah Brooks, United States general (d.

) * May 17 ** Sir John Beckett, 2nd Baronet, British politician (d. 1847) ** Daniel LeRoy, Attorney General for the Michigan Territory (d. 1858) * May 19 – Antonín Jan Jungmann, Czech physician (d.

) * May 21 – Lucien Bonaparte, French statesman (d.

) * May 24 ** Sir Charles Ogle, 2nd Baronet, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1858) ** Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, British Army general (d.

) * May 25 – Pelagio Palagi, Italian painter (d. 1860) * May 28 – Thomas Graves, 2nd Baron Graves, British politician (d. 1830) * May 29 – Nathan Cutler, American politician from Maine (d.

) * May 31 ** Charles Digby, British clergyman, Canon of Windsor from 1808 (d.

) ** Charles Jackson (judge), Charles Jackson, American lawyer and jurist (d.

) * June 4 – Francesco Molino, Italian guitarist (d. 1847) * June 8 – Henry Boehm, American clergyman and pastor (d. 1875) * June 9 – Georg Friedrich Grotefend, German epigraphist and philologist (d.

) * June 10 – James Barbour, American politician (d.

) *

** Francis Bloodgood, American lawyer, mayor of Albany (d.

) ** Johann Baptist Malfatti von Monteregio, Italian-born physician (d. 1859) ** Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian ''Generalfeldmarschall'' (d.

) * June 13 – Antoni Radziwiłł, Polish politician (d. 1833) * June 14 – André Bruno de Frévol de Lacoste, French general of the First Empire (d. 1809) * June 15 ** Elizabeth Benger, English biographer (d. 1827) ** Paul Delano, American-born sea captain (d.

) ** Carlo Porta, Italian poet (d. 1821) * June 16 – Judah Touro, American businessman (d.

) *

– Alexander Cowan, Scottish papermaker and philanthropist (d. 1859) * June 18 – Orsamus Cook Merrill, American politician (d. 1865) * June 19 ** Vardry McBee, American saddlemaker and philanthropist (d.

) ** Friedrich August Peter von Colomb, German general (d.

) * June 20 – Jacques Frédéric Français, French engineer and mathematician (d. 1833) * June 22 ** Johannes Flüggé, German botanist and physician (d.

) ** Camillo Ranzani, Italian priest and a naturalist (d.

) * June 24 – John Kempthorne (hymnwriter), John Kempthorne, English clergyman and hymnwriter (d. 1838) * June 25 – John Stevenson Salt, English barrister, banker and landowner (d.

) * June 26 ** Jean-Jacques Desvaux de Saint-Maurice, French general of the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1815) ** John Swaine, English draughtsman and engraver (d. 1860) * June 29 – Thomas Boyle, American privateer (d.

) * June 30 – William Thompson (philosopher), William Thompson, Irish philosopher (d. 1833)

July–September

* July 1 – Cephas Thompson, American artist (d.

) * July 2 – Aaron Peasley, American buttonmaker (d. 1837) * July 3 – Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier, member of the French royal family (d. 1807) * July 5 – William Crotch, English composer, organist and artist (d. 1847) * July 8 ** William Davies (Georgia judge), William Davies, United States federal judge (d. 1829) ** Lucy Mack Smith, American prominent in the Latter Day Saints, mother of Joseph Smith (d.

) * July 9 – Matthew Lewis (writer), Matthew "Monk" Lewis, English Gothic horror writer and politician (d. 1818) * July 11 – Joseph Blanco White, Spanish-born political thinker, theologian and poet (d.

) * July 14 ** Louis Ducis, French painter (d. 1847) ** Berkeley Guise, British landowner and Member of Parliament (d.

) * July 15 – Richard Westmacott, British sculptor (d.

) * July 17 ** Domingo Eyzaguirre, Chilean politician and philanthropist (d.

) ** August Harder, German musician (d. 1813) * July 18 ** Pierre Decouz, French military officer (d. of wounds 1814) ** Karl von Rotteck, German political activist (d.

) * July 19 ** Camillo Borghese, 6th Prince of Sulmona (d.

) ** John Andrew Shulze, Pennsylvania political leader, sixth Governor of Pennsylvania (d.

) * July 21 ** Edward Heneage (cricketer), Edward Heneage, English first-class cricketer (d. 1810) ** George Osborne, 6th Duke of Leeds, English peer and politician (d. 1838) * July 23 ** Carl Ludwig Wilhelm Grolman, German jurist (d. 1829) ** Étienne-Louis Malus, French officer (d. 1812) * July 24 – Eugène François Vidocq, French criminal and private detective agent (d.

) * July 25 – Anna Harrison, American politician (d.

) * July 27 – Therese Brunsvik, Hungarian educationalist (d.

) * July 28 – Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian, British Army general (d.

) * July 31 – Emmanuel Dupaty, French singer and writer (d.

) * August 2 ** William Henry Ireland, English forger (d. 1835) ** José Ángel Lamas, Venezuelan classical musician and composer born in Caracas (d. 1814) * August 6 ** Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, last Dauphin of France (d. 1844) ** Daniel O'Connell, Ireland's predominant political leader (d. 1847) ** Hendrik van Oort, Northern Netherlandish painter (d. 1847) * August 7 ** Maria Brizzi Giorgi, Italian organist (d. 1812) ** Jacob Hoel, Norwegian farmer (d. 1847) ** Henriette Lorimier, popular portraitist in Paris at the beginning of Romanticism (d.

) * August 8 – Richard Blakemore, English politician (d.

) * August 9 – Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828) * August 12 – Conrad Malte-Brun, Danish-born geographer and writer on French politics (d. 1826) * August 14 – Pieter Adrianus Ossewaarde, Dutch politician (d.

) * August 15 ** Carlos de España, Spanish general (d.

) ** Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers, Austrian naturalist, native of Pressburg (d.

) * August 16 ** John Carlyle Herbert, American politician (d.

) ** Ebenezer Sage, American politician (d.

) * August 18 ** James Elliot (politician), James Elliot, American politician (d.

) ** Johann Leonhard Pfaff, bishop of the German Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda from 1832 (d.

) * August 20 ** Franz Dinnendahl, German mechanical engineer (d. 1826) ** George Tucker (politician), George Tucker, American politician (d.

) * August 22 ** François Péron, French naturalist and explorer (d. 1810) ** August von Vécsey, Austro-Hungarian general (d.

) * August 23 – Mark Cubbon (army officer), Mark Cubbon, British army officer with the East India Company (d.

) * August 25 – Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann, German philosopher and anthropologist (d.

) * August 26 – William Joseph Behr, German political radical (d.

) * August 27 ** Frederick Graff, American hydraulic engineer (d. 1847) ** Jan Verveer, major general of the Royal Netherlands Army (d. 1838) * August 28 ** Antoine Marc Augustin Bertoletti, Italian general (d.

) ** Sophie Gail, French singer and composer (d.

) * August 29 – Niels Wulfsberg, Norwegian publisher (d.

) * August 31 ** Agnes Bulmer, English epic poet (d.

) ** François de Fossa, French classical guitarist and composer (d.

) * September 1 – Honoré Charles Reille, French general, Marshal of France (d. 1860) * September 4 – Jean-François Le Gonidec, Breton linguist, Bible translator (d. 1838) * September 5 ** Juan Martín Díez, ''El Empecinado'', Spanish military leader (d.

) ** Adolph Ferdinand Gehlen, German chemist (d. 1815) * September 6 – Aleksey Greig, Russian admiral (d.

) * September 7 – John Jebb (bishop), John Jebb, Irish Anglican bishop and religious writer (d. 1833) * September 8 ** John Leyden, Scottish orientalist (d. 1811) ** Vasily Orlov-Denisov, Cossack Russian general (d. 1843) * September 9 ** Guillaume Capelle, French administrator and politician (d. 1843) ** Francisco Ramón Vicuña, President of Chile (d.

) * September 10 ** John Kidd (chemist), John Kidd, English physician, chemist and geologist (d.

) ** Murray Maxwell, British Royal Navy officer (d.

) * September 11 ** Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1847) ** Ferdinand August Freiherr von Hügel, general in the royal Württemberg Infantry (d.

) * September 12 – Josef Jüttner, Austrian cartographer and military officer (d.

) * September 13 – Laura Secord, Canadian heroine of the War of 1812 (d. 1868) * September 14 ** Jean-Louis Burnouf, French philologist and translator (d. 1844) ** John Henry Hobart, third Episcopal bishop of New York from 1816 (d. 1830) ** Joseph Phillimore, English lawyer and Member of Parliament (d.

) * September 15 – William A. Griswold, American lawyer and politician (d.

) * September 16 ** Hermano José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco, Portuguese nobleman and politician (d.

) ** Giuseppe Rosaroll, Italian essayist and general in the army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (d.

) ** Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen, German botanist specializing in the field of bryology (d.

) * September 17 ** Georges Roffavier, French botanist (d. 1866) ** Margrethe Schall, Danish ballerina (d.

) * September 19 – José Félix Ribas, hero of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1815) * September 20 – François-Pierre Chaumeton, French botanist and physician (d.

) * September 22 – Philip Milledoler, American protestant minister and fifth President of Rutgers College (d.

) * September 23 – Jens Christian Berg, Norwegian lawyer and historian (d.

) * September 24 – Nathan Heald, officer in the United States Army during the War of 1812 (d.

) *

– Pierre Flor, Norwegian politician (d.

) * September 26 – James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam, British peer and Member of Parliament (d.

) * September 29 ** David McConaughy (college president), David McConaughy, American pastor and fourth president of Washington College from 1831 to 1852 (d.

) ** François Michel de Rozière, French mining engineer and mineralogist (d.

) ** Herbert Taylor (British Army officer), Herbert Taylor, British Army officer (d.

) * September 30 – Robert Adrain, Irish-born American mathematician (d. 1843)

October–December

* October 2 – Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Viscount Lismore, Irish politician (d.

) * October 3 – Isaac von Sinclair, German writer and diplomat (d. 1815) * October 6 – Johann Anton André, German composer and music publisher (d.

) * October 7 ** Ramón Power y Giralt, Puerto Rican politician and Spanish admiral (d. 1813) ** Jaygopal Tarkalankar, Bengali writer and Sanskrit scholar (d.

) * October 9 ** Sir Alexander Boswell, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1822) ** Lars Johannes Irgens, Norwegian jurist and public official (d. 1830) ** Peter Thonning, Danish physician and botanist (d.

) ** Charles Williams-Wynn (1775–1850), Charles Williams-Wynn, British politician (d.

) * October 12 ** Lyman Beecher, American Presbyterian minister and patriarch (d.

) ** Ludovico Micara, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1847) * October 13 – John Wentworth Loring, British Royal Navy admiral (d.

) * October 14 – Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron Macdonald of Sleat, Scottish general (d.

) * October 15 ** Bernhard Crusell, Swedish-Finnish clarinetist and composer 1838) ** Alberto Lista, Spanish poet and educationalist (d.

) ** Bernardo Peres da Silva, governor of Portuguese India (d. 1844) * October 17 – Ole Paulssøn Haagenstad, Norwegian politician (d. 1866) * October 18 ** Martial Aubertin, French stage actor and dramatist (d. 1824) ** Dawson Turner, English banker and botanist (d. 1858) ** John Vanderlyn, American artist (d.

) * October 19 ** Jean-Baptiste Faribault, Lower Canadian trader with the Indians and early settler in Minnesota (d. 1860) ** Kamma Rahbek, Danish salon holder (d. 1829) * October 21 ** Giuseppe Baini, Italian priest, music critic and composer (d. 1844) ** Bartholomew Crannell Beardsley, Canadian politician, lawyer and judge (d.

) * October 23 – Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer, German architect (d.

) * October 24 – Bahadur Shah II, Mughal emperor (d.

) * October 26 ** Charles Douglas, 3rd Baron Douglas, English amateur cricketer (d.

) ** Hans Moritz Hauke, German-Polish general (d. 1830) ** Joseph Nightingale, prolific English writer and preacher (d. 1824) ** Alexander Thom (surgeon), Alexander Thom, Scottish military surgeon, judge and politician in Upper Canada (d.

) * October 30 ** Catterino Cavos, Russian composer (d.

) ** Wilhelm Ludwig Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck, Prussian officer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars (d.

) * November 1 – Christian Adolph Diriks, Norwegian lawyer and statesman (d. 1837) * November 2 ** Jean-Emmanuel Jobez, French businessman and politician (d. 1828) ** Jeromus Johnson, American politician (d.

) * November 3 – Edward Paget, British Army generak (d.

) * November 4 – Pierre Capelle, French chansonnier (d.

) * November 6 – August Wilhelm Hartmann, Danish composer (d.

) * November 7 – Joseph Fox (dental surgeon), Joseph Fox, English dental surgeon (d.

) * November 8 ** Achille Fontanelli, Italian nationalist and Napoleonic general (d. 1838) ** Jacob Peter Mynster, Danish theologian and Bishop of Zealand (d.

) * November 9 – Daniel Waldron, American businessman (d. 1821) * November 10 – James Elliot (politician), James Elliot, American politician (d.

) * November 11 – Gulbrand Eriksen Tandberg, Norwegian farmer and politician (d.

) * November 13 ** John Burns (surgeon), John Burns, Scottish surgeon (d.

) ** Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Glengall, Irish peer (d.

) ** Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans, distinguished French soldier of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d.

) * November 14 – Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, German legal scholar (d. 1833) * November 15 – James Carnahan, American clergyman and educator, ninth President of Princeton University (d. 1859) * November 19 ** Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger, German entomologist and zoologist (d. 1813) ** François Antoine Teste, French officer during the Napoleonic Wars (d.

) * November 20 – Gustav Anton von Seckendorff, German author (d.

) * November 21 – Josef Servas d'Outrepont, German obstetrician (d.

) * November 23 ** Clemens Wenzeslaus Coudray, German neoclassical architect (d.

) ** Johann Georg Rist, Danish author (d. 1847) ** Maria Anna of Naples and Sicily, member of the French Royal Family (d. 1780) * November 24 – Peter Buell Allen, politician and military commander in New York State, pioneer of Vigo County and Terre Haute (d. 1833) * November 25 ** Joseph Borremans, Belgian composer (d. 1858) ** Michel Étienne Descourtilz, French physician, botanist and historiographer of the Haitian revolution (d. 1835) ** Jean Baptiste Godart, French entomologist (d.

) ** Gustaf Gabriel Hällström, Finnish scientist (d. 1844) ** Charles Kemble, Welsh-born English actor of a prominent theatre family (d.

) * November 27 ** Jean-Françoìs de Dompierre de Jonquières, Dutch-Danish merchant (d. 1820) ** Lauritz Weidemann, Norwegian politician (d.

) * November 28 ** William Frere, English lawyer and academic (d.

) ** Jean-Charles Létourneau, notary and political figure in Lower Canada (d. 1838) * November 29 – Marie Antoine de Reiset, French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars (d.

) * November 30 – Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier, French magistrate and politician (d. 1835) * December 2 – Joseph Denis Odevaere, Neo-Classical painter from the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) (d. 1830) * December 5 – Abijah Bigelow, American politician (d. 1860) * December 6 ** Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (d.

) ** Nicolas Isouard, Maltese composer (d. 1818) * December 10 ** José María de la Cueva, 14th Duke of Albuquerque, Spanish general and ambassador (d. 1811) ** Giacomo Filippo Fransoni, Catholic cardinal (d.

) ** Jacques-Antoine Manuel, French lawyer (d. 1827) * December 11 – Peter Little, American politician (d. 1830) * December 13 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Younger, Prussian statesman (d. 1843) * December 14 ** Philander Chase, American Episcopal Church bishop, educator and pioneer (d.

) ** Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1860) * December 15 – Phineas Riall, British Army general (d.

) * December 16 ** Ciro Annunchiarico, Italian cult leader (d.

) ** Jane Austen, English novelist (d.

) ** François-Adrien Boïeldieu, French composer (d.

) ** John Fullerton, Lord Fullerton, Scottish law lord (d.

) * December 17 – Carlo Rossi (architect), Carlo Rossi, Russian architect (d.

) * December 20 ** Samuel Farrow, American politician (d. 1824) ** Pierre Antoine François Huber, brigadier general in the French army (d.

) * December 21 – Julien-Joseph Virey, French naturalist and anthropologist (d.

) * December 25 ** John Fitzgerald (1775–1852), John Fitzgerald, British Member of Parliament (d.

) ** Peter Reesor, American-born Mennonite settler in Ontario (d.

) ** Antun Sorkočević, Croatian composer, writer and diplomat (d.

) * December 26 – Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot, French officer, nobleman and counter-revolutionary (d. 1813) * December 28 ** João Domingos Bomtempo, Portuguese musician (d.

) ** Jean-Gabriel Eynard, Swiss banker (d.

) ** Pierre François Étienne Bouvet de Maisonneuve, French admiral (d. 1860) * Date unknown – Jeanne Geneviève Garnerin, French balloonist and parachutist (d. 1847)

Deaths

* January 1 – Ahmad Shah Bahadur, Mughal Emperor (b. 1725) *

– Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari, Sindhi Sufi poet (b. 1713) * January 8 – John Baskerville, English printer (b. 1707) *

– Stringer Lawrence, English soldier (b. 1697) * January 11 – Prithvi Narayan Shah, last ruler of the Gorkha Kingdom in the Indian subcontinent (b. 1723) *

– Johann Georg Walch, German theologian (b. 1693) * January 14 – Peter Schenk the Younger, Dutch engraver and map publisher active in Leipzig (b. 1693) * January 17 – Vincenzo Riccati, Venetian mathematician and physicist (b. 1707) *

– Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet, English politician (b. 1685) * February 5 – Eusebius Amort, German Catholic theologian (b. 1692) * February 6 – William Dowdeswell (Chancellor), William Dowdeswell, English politician (b. 1721) *

– Peter Dens, Belgian Catholic theologian (b. 1690) * February 28 – Empress Xiaoyichun of China (b. 1727) * March 5 – Pierre-Laurent Buirette de Belloy, French dramatist and actor (b. 1727) * March 6 – Job Baster, Dutch naturalist (b. 1711) * March 21 – Thomas Penn, son of American colonial leader William Penn (b. 1702) * March 22 – Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1697) * March 30 – Christian Ditlev Reventlow (1710–1775), Christian Ditlev Reventlow, Danish Privy Councillor (b. 1710) * April 14 – Countess Palatine Ernestine of Sulzbach, wife of Landgrave William II (b. 1697) * April 19 – Isaac Davis (soldier), Isaac Davis, American gunsmith and militia officer who commanded a company of Minutemen from Acton (b. 1745) * April 30 – Peter Harrison (architect), Peter Harrison, English-born colonial American architect (b. 1716) * May 1 – Israel Lyons, English mathematician and botanist (b. 1739) * May 2 – Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German noblewoman (b. 1715) * May 3 – George Boscawen (1712–1775), George Boscawen, British general (b. 1712) *

** Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann, German actress (b. 1757) ** Caroline Matilda of Great Britain, Caroline Matilda, British princess, queen consort of Denmark (b. 1751) * May 18 – Magnus Beronius, Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden (b. 1692) * May 27 – Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, French noblewoman (b. 1693) * June 15 – Asa Pollard, American soldier (b. 1735) *

–

** John Pitcairn, British marine major (b. 1722) ** Joseph Warren, American Patriot, physician (b. 1741) * June 21 – Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1718–1775) and Nassau-Saarbrücken (1728–1735) (b. 1712) * June 23 – Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz, German adventurer and writer (b. 1692) * July 3 – Thomas Gardner (politician), Thomas Gardner, American politician and colonel (d. of wounds) (b. 1724) * July 11 – Simon Boerum, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724) * July 13 ** Louis Charles, Count of Eu, member of the French Capetian dynasty (b. 1701) ** John Ratcliffe (Master of Pembroke), John Ratcliffe, English academic, Master of Pembroke College, Oxford (b. 1700) * July 21 – Szymon Czechowicz, prominent Polish Baroque painter (b. 1689) * August 10 – Elihu Adams, soldier in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1741) * August 13 – Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski, Polish nobleman (b. 1696) *

– Zahir al-Umar, Arab ruler of northern Ottoman Palestine (b. 1689) * August 22 – Remember Baker, American soldier, member of the Green Mountain Boys (murdered) (b. 1737) * August 27 – James Burgh, British Whig politician and writer (b. 1714) * September 6 – Jean-Baptiste Bullet, French writer (b. 1669) * September 13 – Klaas Annink, Dutch serial killer (executed) (b. 1710) * September 16 – Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst, English privy councillor (b. 1684) * September 17 – John Parker (captain), John Parker, American colonial farmer (b. 1729) * September 23 – John Bentinck, British Royal Navy officer (b. 1737) * September 24 – Emanuel Büchel, Swiss painter (b. 1705) * October 2 – Fukuda Chiyo-ni, Japanese ''haiku'' poet and Buddhist nun (b. 1703) * October 3 – Cluer Dicey, English newspaper proprietor and patent medicine vendor (b. 1715) * October 13 – James Cholmondeley, British Army officer and Member of Parliament (b. 1708) * October 18 – Christian August Crusius, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1715) * October 22 – Peyton Randolph, planter and public official from the Colony of Virginia (b. 1721) * November 4 – Luis Jayme, Spanish-born Franciscan (b. 1740) * November 5 – Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, German noble (b. 1722) * November 9 – Francisco Ximénez de Tejada, Spanish knight, 69th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1703) * November 13 – Jeanne Camus de Pontcarré, French aristocrat and eccentric widow (b. 1705) * November 21 – John Hill (botanist), John Hill, English botanist and writer * November 24 – Lorenzo Ricci, Italian Jesuit leader (b. 1703) * November 25 – Richard Spry, British Royal Navy officer who served as North America and West Indies Station (b. 1715) * December 7 – Charles Saunders (admiral), Charles Saunders, British admiral * December 9 – Robert Livingston (1718–1775), Robert Livingston, American politician (b. 1718) * December 15 – Marie-Angélique Memmie Le Blanc, French feral child (b. 1712) * December 28 – Petrus Albertus van der Parra, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1714) * December 31 –

, American general (killed in battle) (b. 1738)

Events

Summary

January–June

July–December

Date unknown

Births

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Deaths

References

Further reading