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The 1705 English general election saw contests in 110
History of Parliament: Members 1690–1715
History of Parliament: Constituencies 1690–1715
{{English elections 1705 in politics 18th-century elections in Europe
The 1705 English general election saw contests in 110 constituencies
An electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, or (election) precinct is a subdivision of a larger state (a country, administrative region, or other polit ...
in England and Wales, roughly 41% of the total. The election was fiercely fought, with mob violence and cries of "Church in Danger
'Church in Danger' was a political slogan used by the Tory party, and particularly by High Tories in elections during Queen Anne's reign.
'Church in Danger' was a rallying call for many Anglicans in England who feared that the established Church ...
" occurring in several boroughs. During the previous session of Parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. ...
the Tories had become increasingly unpopular, and their position was therefore somewhat weakened by the election, particularly by the Tackers
Tackers was the name given to High Tory Members of Parliament who in 1704 tried to attach ('tack') an Occasional Conformity Bill to money bills in order to pass it through the House of Lords and into law.
The Tackers ultimately failed in their eff ...
controversy. Due to the uncertain loyalty of a group of 'moderate' Tories led by Robert Harley, the parties were roughly balanced in the House of Commons following the election, encouraging the Whigs to demand a greater share in the government led by Marlborough
Summary of the constituencies
See1796 British general election
The 1796 British general election returned members to serve in the 18th and last House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain. They were summoned before the Union of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801. The members in office in G ...
for details. The constituencies used in England and Wales were the same throughout the period. In 1707 alone the 45 Scottish members were not elected from the constituencies, but were returned by co-option in a part of the membership of the last Parliament of Scotland
The Parliament of Scotland ( sco, Pairlament o Scotland; gd, Pàrlamaid na h-Alba) was the legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland from the 13th century until 1707. The parliament evolved during the early 13th century from the king's council of ...
elected before the Acts of Union 1707.
Party strengths are an approximation, with many MPs' allegiances being unknown.
Involved parties
In 1705 the House of Commons was controlled by two parties: the Tory party led by John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, and the Whig party led by a group of leading party members known as the Whig Junto. The four members of the Whig Junto were John Somers, Charles Montagu, Thomas Wharton, and Edward Russell.Overview of 18th-century British politics
The politics of Britain in 1705 was chaotic. The government was very decentralized and led to unrest in the general population. This led to the mob violence that occurred during this election process across the country.O'Gorman, Frank. "The long eighteenth century: British political and social history 1688-1832." (2016).See also
* List of members of the House of Commons at Westminster 1705–08 * 2nd Parliament of Queen Anne *List of parliaments of England
This is a list of parliaments of England from the reign of King Henry III, when the '' Curia Regis'' developed into a body known as Parliament, until the creation of the Parliament of Great Britain in 1707.
For later parliaments, see the Lis ...
References
*External links
History of Parliament: Members 1690–1715
History of Parliament: Constituencies 1690–1715
{{English elections 1705 in politics 18th-century elections in Europe
1705
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Sunday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–March
* January 8 – George Frideric Handel's first opera, ''Almira'' is p ...
General election
A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...