Events

January–March

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

–

Thomas Aikenhead Thomas Aikenhead ( bapt. 28 March 1676 – 8 January 1697) was a Scottish student from Edinburgh, who was prosecuted and executed at the age of 20 on a charge of blasphemy under the Act against Blasphemy 1661 and Act against Blasphemy 1695. ...

is hanged outside

Edinburgh Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian ...

, becoming the last person in Great Britain to be executed for

blasphemy Blasphemy is a speech crime and religious crime usually defined as an utterance that shows contempt, disrespects or insults a deity, an object considered sacred or something considered inviolable. Some religions regard blasphemy as a religiou ...

. *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhamma ...

– French writer

Charles Perrault Charles Perrault ( , also , ; 12 January 1628 – 16 May 1703) was an iconic French author and member of the Académie Française. He laid the foundations for a new literary genre, the fairy tale, with his works derived from earlier folk tales ...

releases the book ''

Histoires ou contes du temps passé ''Histoires ou contes du temps passé, avec des moralités'' or ''Contes de ma mère l'Oye'' (''Stories or Tales from Past Times, with Morals'' or ''Mother Goose Tales'')Zipes (2000), 236 ff. is a collection of literary fairy tales written by C ...

'' (literally "Tales of Past Times", known in England as "Mother Goose tales") in Paris, a collection of popular

fairy tale A fairy tale (alternative names include fairytale, fairy story, magic tale, or wonder tale) is a short story that belongs to the folklore genre. Such stories typically feature magic (paranormal), magic, incantation, enchantments, and mythical ...

s, including ''

Cinderella "Cinderella",; french: link=no, Cendrillon; german: link=no, Aschenputtel) or "The Little Glass Slipper", is a folk tale with thousands of variants throughout the world.Dundes, Alan. Cinderella, a Casebook. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsi ...

'', ''

Puss in Boots "Puss in Boots" ( it, Il gatto con gli stivali) is an Italian fairy tale, later spread throughout the rest of Europe, about an anthropomorphic cat who uses trickery and deceit to gain power, wealth, and the hand of a princess in marriage for hi ...

'', ''

Red Riding Hood "Little Red Riding Hood" is a European fairy tale about a young girl and a sly wolf. Its origins can be traced back to several pre-17th century European folk tales. The two best known versions were written by Charles Perrault and the Broth ...

'', ''The

Sleeping Beauty ''Sleeping Beauty'' (french: La belle au bois dormant, or ''The Beauty in the Sleeping Forest''; german: Dornröschen, or ''Little Briar Rose''), also titled in English as ''The Sleeping Beauty in the Woods'', is a fairy tale about a princess cu ...

'' and ''

Bluebeard "Bluebeard" (french: Barbe bleue, ) is a French folktale, the most famous surviving version of which was written by Charles Perrault and first published by Barbin in Paris in 1697 in ''Histoires ou contes du temps passé''. The tale tells the st ...

''. *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. *1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...

– The English

infantry regiment Infantry is a military specialization which engages in ground combat on foot. Infantry generally consists of light infantry, mountain infantry, motorized infantry & mechanized infantry, airborne infantry, air assault infantry, and marine i ...

Arthur Chichester, 3rd Earl of Donegall Arthur is a common male given name of Brythonic origin. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. The etymology is disputed. It may derive from the Celtic ''Artos'' meaning “Bear”. Another theory, more w ...

is disbanded four years after it was first raised. *

February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Ferdina ...

–

Gerrit de Heere Gerrit Jansz de Heere (1 March 1657 – 26 November 1702) was a Governor of Dutch Ceylon during its Dutch period. Biography De Heere was the son of Johan Gerritsz de Heere and Marritje Gerrits. From 1693 until 1694, he served as Chief ...

becomes the new

Governor of Dutch Ceylon The following is a list of governors of Dutch Ceylon. The Dutch arrived on the island of Ceylon on 2 May 1639. Parts of the island were incorporated as a colony administrated by the Dutch East India Company on 12 May 1656. The first governor, Wi ...

, succeeding

Thomas van Rhee Thomas van Rhee (16 December 1634 – 31 March 1701) was a Governor of Dutch Ceylon. Career In 1659, he arrived in Batavia in the Dutch East Indies. From 1674 until 1678, he worked in Negapatnam. He was appointed Governor of Dutch Ceylo ...

and administering the colony for almost six years until his death. *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

– Conquistador

Martín de Ursúa y Arizmendi Martin may refer to: Places * Martin City (disambiguation) * Martin County (disambiguation) * Martin Township (disambiguation) Antarctica * Martin Peninsula, Marie Byrd Land * Port Martin, Adelie Land * Point Martin, South Orkney Islands Austral ...

and 114 soldiers arrive at

Lake Petén Itzá Lake Petén Itzá (''Lago Petén Itzá'', ) is a lake in the northern Petén Department in Guatemala. It is the third largest lake in Guatemala, after Lake Izabal and Lake Atitlán. It is located around . It has an area of , and is some long and ...

in what is now

Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...

and begin the

Spanish conquest of Guatemala In a protracted conflict during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish colonisers gradually incorporated the territory that became the modern country of Guatemala into the colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain. Before the conquest, this te ...

with an attack on the capital of the

Itza people Itza may refer to: * Itza people, an ethnic group of Guatemala * Itzaʼ language, a Mayan language * Itza Kingdom (disambiguation) * Itza, Navarre, a town in Spain See also * Chichen Itza, a Mayan city * Iza (disambiguation) * Izza (disambiguat ...

there before moving northward to the Yucatan peninsula. *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 – ...

–

Grand Embassy of Peter the Great The Grand Embassy (russian: Вели́кое посо́льство, translit=Velíkoye posól'stvo) was a Russian diplomatic mission to Western Europe from 9 March 1697 to 25 August 1698 led by Peter the Great. Description In 1697 and 1698, Pete ...

: Tsar

Peter the Great Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...

of Russia sets out to travel in Europe

incognito Incognito is an English adjective meaning "in disguise", "having taken steps to conceal one's identity". Incognito may also refer to: Film and television * ''Incognito'' (1937 film), a Danish film * ''Incognito'' (1997 film), an American crime ...

, as ''Artilleryman Pjotr Mikhailov''. *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...

– The

Spanish conquest of Petén The Spanish conquest of Petén was the last stage of the conquest of Guatemala, a prolonged conflict during the Spanish colonisation of the Americas. A wide lowland plain covered with dense rainforest, Petén contains a central drainage basi ...

, and of

Yucatán Yucatán (, also , , ; yua, Yúukatan ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Yucatán,; yua, link=no, Xóot' Noj Lu'umil Yúukatan. is one of the 31 states which comprise the political divisions of Mexico, federal entities of Mexico. I ...

, is completed with the fall of

Nojpetén Nojpetén (also spelled Noh Petén, and also known as Tayasal) was the capital city of the Itza Maya kingdom of Petén Itzá. It is located on an island in Lake Petén Itzá in the modern department of Petén in northern Guatemala. The island ...

, capital of the

Itza Itza may refer to: * Itza people, an ethnic group of Guatemala * Itzaʼ language, a Mayan language * Itza Kingdom (disambiguation) * Itza, Navarre, a town in Spain See also * Chichen Itza Chichen Itza , es, Chichén Itzá , often with ...

Maya Maya may refer to: Civilizations * Maya peoples, of southern Mexico and northern Central America ** Maya civilization, the historical civilization of the Maya peoples ** Maya language, the languages of the Maya peoples * Maya (Ethiopia), a populat ...

Kingdom, the last independent Maya state. *

March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthelr ...

–

Charles II of Spain Charles II of Spain (''Spanish: Carlos II,'' 6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700), known as the Bewitched (''Spanish: El Hechizado''), was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire. Best remembered for his physical disabilities and the War o ...

issues a Royal Cedula extending to the indigenous nobles of the Spanish Crown colonies, as well as to their descendants, the preeminence and honors customarily attributed to the Hidalgos of Castile. *

March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is ...

–

Safavid occupation of Basra The Safavid occupation of Basra (1697–1701) took place between 26 March 1697 and 9 March 1701. It was the second time that the important Persian Gulf city had fallen to the Iranian Safavid Empire. Basra, located in present-day Iraq, had alrea ...

Safavid Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, '. was one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often conside ...

government troops take control of

Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is hand ...

April–June

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

–

Charles XII Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII ( sv, Karl XII) or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), was King of Sweden (including current Finland) from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of t ...

, the ''Swedish Meteor'', becomes king of Sweden at age 14 on the death of his father,

Charles XI Charles XI or Carl ( sv, Karl XI; ) was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death, in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611–1721). He was the only son of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein- ...

. *

April 23 Events Pre-1600 * 215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. * 599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southe ...

– As Chinese troops from the Manchu Dynasty (ruled by the

Kangxi Emperor The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654– 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, born Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1 ...

) complete their conquest of

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

Galdan Boshugtu Khan Erdeniin Galdan (1644–1697, mn, Галдан Бошигт хаан, , ), known as Galdan Boshugtu Khan (in Mongolian script: ) was a Choros Dzungar- Oirat Khan of the Dzungar Khanate. As fourth son of Erdeni Batur, founder of the Dzungar Kha ...

, ruler of the last part of Mongolia to be conquered, the

Dzungar Khanate The Dzungar Khanate, also written as the Zunghar Khanate, was an Inner Asian khanate of Oirat Mongol origin. At its greatest extent, it covered an area from southern Siberia in the north to present-day Kyrgyzstan in the south, and from t ...

, poisons himself, ending the resistance to conquest. *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. *1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Spanis ...

– General

Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis (7 October 1645 – 24 April 1707) was a French admiral and privateer. Pointis was born in Brittany. He took part in naval operations in the 1680s under Duquesne, like the bombardment of Algiers and the pu ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

carries out an attack and pillaging of the Spanish fort of

Cartagena de Indias Cartagena ( , also ), known since the colonial era as Cartagena de Indias (), is a city and one of the major ports on the northern coast of Colombia in the Caribbean Coast Region, bordering the Caribbean sea. Cartagena's past role as a link ...

with 1,200 soldiers and 650 pirate mercenaries and overwhelms the city over the next 18 days. The Baron cheats the pirates and reneges on a contract to share the wealth, and the pirates come back to Cartagena a second time and makes a more violent attack. *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. * 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...

(May 7

Old Style Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 158 ...

) – The 13th century royal '' Tre Kronor'' ("Three Crowns") castle in

Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...

burns to the ground. A large portion of the royal library is destroyed. *

June 10 Events Pre-1600 * 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. *1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...

– The last mass execution for witchcraft in western Europe when five

Paisley witches The Paisley witches, also known as the Bargarran witches or the Renfrewshire witches, were tried in Paisley, Renfrewshire, central Scotland, in 1697. Eleven-year-old Christian Shaw, daughter of the Laird of Bargarran, complained of being torment ...

are hanged and then burned in Scotland. *

June 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. * 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. * 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coas ...

–

Augustus II the Strong Augustus II; german: August der Starke; lt, Augustas II; in Saxony also known as Frederick Augustus I – Friedrich August I (12 May 16701 February 1733), most commonly known as Augustus the Strong, was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as Ki ...

is elected

King of Poland Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16t ...

after converting to Roman Catholicism on June 2. *

June 30 Events Pre-1600 * 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy. * 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...

– The earliest reported

first-class cricket First-class cricket, along with List A cricket and Twenty20 cricket, is one of the highest-standard forms of cricket. A first-class match is one of three or more days' scheduled duration between two sides of eleven players each and is officiall ...

match takes place in

Sussex Sussex (), from the Old English (), is a historic county in South East England that was formerly an independent medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom. It is bounded to the west by Hampshire, north by Surrey, northeast by Kent, south by the English ...

in England.

July–September

July 4 Events Pre-1600 * 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...

– A Byzantine icon, the "Weeping Madonna of Pócs", arrives in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

after a five-month journey following its forced removal from the Hungarian village of Pócs by order of the

Holy Roman Emperor The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans ( la, Imperator Romanorum, german: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period ( la, Imperat ...

, Leopold I. It has been housed for more than 320 years in St. Stephen's Cathedral. *

July 6 Events Pre-1600 * 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility. * 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt) ...

– A major naval battle takes place between the

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...

and the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

with each side having 25 battleships, supplemented by smaller vessels. The Venetian Navy, under the command of Admiral Bartolomeo Contarini, suffers 71 deaths and 163 injuries, and even worse casualties in a second engagement on September 20. *

July 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, somewhere north of the Firth of Forth. * 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Ste ...

–

Mahmud Shah II Mahmud Shah II (reigned: 1489–1490) was an infant Sultan of Bengal with Habsh Khan as his regent. Both of them were killed in 1490 CE by Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah. See also *List of rulers of Bengal *History of Bengal *History of India ...

, the Sultan of Johor and Pahang (now part of

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

) takes on full power upon the death of the regent, the

Bendahara Bendahara ( Jawi: بنداهارا) is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a heredit ...

Paduka Raja. Mahmud II was only 10 years old when he became the Sultan upon the assassination of his father, Ibrahim Shah in 1685. *

July 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. * 1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day his former Chancellor, T ...

– The opera ''

Vénus et Adonis ''Vénus et Adonis'' is an opera (''tragédie en musique'') in a prologue and 5 acts composed by Henri Desmarets to a libretto by Jean-Baptiste Rousseau. Based on the story of Venus and Adonis in Book X of Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'', it was first ...

'', composed by

Henri Desmarets Henri Desmarets (February 1661 – 7 September 1741) was a French composer of the Baroque period primarily known for his stage works, although he also composed sacred music as well as secular cantatas, songs and instrumental works. Biogr ...

with libretto by

Jean-Baptiste Rousseau Jean-Baptiste Rousseau (6 April 1671 – 17 March 1741) was a French playwright and poet, particularly noted for his cynical epigrams. Biography Rousseau was born in Paris, the son of a shoemaker, and was well educated. As a young man, he gai ...

, receives its first performance, premiering at the

Théâtre du Palais-Royal The Théâtre du Palais-Royal () is a 750-seat Parisian theatre at 38 rue de Montpensier, located at the northwest corner of the Palais-Royal in the Galerie de Montpensier at its intersection with the Galerie de Beaujolais. Brief history ...

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

. *

August 10 Events Pre-1600 * 654 – Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I. * 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Magyars, ending 50 years of Magyar invasion of the West. * 991 – Battle of Maldon: Th ...

– The Siege of Barcelona ends in

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

after 52 days as

Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, often simply called Vendôme (1 July 165411 June 1712) was a French general and Marshal of France. One of the great generals of his era, he was one of Louis XIV's most successful commanders in the War of ...

of France obtains the surrender of Barcelona from the Austrian General,

Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt Prince George Louis of Hessen-Darmstadt (1669 – 13 September 1705) was a Field Marshal in the Austrian army. He is known for his career in Habsburg Spain, as Viceroy of Catalonia (1698–1701), head of the Austrian army in the War of the Spani ...

. *

September 5 Events Pre-1600 * 917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu. * 1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava * 1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Hen ...

(August 25 O.S.) – During the

Nine Years' War The Nine Years' War (1688–1697), often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg, was a conflict between France and a European coalition which mainly included the Holy Roman Empire (led by the Habsburg monarch ...

, the

Battle of Hudson's Bay The Battle of Hudson's Bay, also known as the Battle of York Factory, was a naval battle fought during the Nine Years' War, War of the Grand Alliance (known in England's North American colonies as "King William's War"). The battle took place o ...

is fought between English and French ships in Hudson Bay near what is now the Canadian province of

Manitoba Manitoba ( ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population o ...

; The French warship ''Pélican'' captures

York Factory York Factory was a settlement and Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) factory (trading post) located on the southwestern shore of Hudson Bay in northeastern Manitoba, Canada, at the mouth of the Hayes River, approximately south-southeast of Churchill. Yo ...

, a trading post of the English

Hudson's Bay Company The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC; french: Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson) is a Canadian retail business group. A fur trading business for much of its existence, HBC now owns and operates retail stores in Canada. The company's namesake business div ...

. *

September 11 Events Pre-1600 * 9 – The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends: The Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hun ...

–

Battle of Zenta The Battle of Zenta, also known as the Battle of Senta, was fought on 11 September 1697, near Zenta, Ottoman Empire (modern-day Senta, Serbia), between Ottoman and Holy League armies during the Great Turkish War. The battle was the most decis ...

Prince Eugene of Savoy Prince Eugene Francis of Savoy–Carignano, (18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736) better known as Prince Eugene, was a Generalfeldmarschall, field marshal in the army of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty during the 17th a ...

crushes the Ottoman army of

Mustafa II Mustafa II (; ota, مصطفى ثانى ''Muṣṭafā-yi sānī''; 6 February 1664 – 29 December 1703) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1695 to 1703. Early life He was born at Edirne Palace on 6 February 1664. He was the son of Sult ...

, and effectively ends Turkish hopes of recovering lost ground in Hungary. *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...

–

Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha (" Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha the Nephew"; in sq, Hysein Pashë Kypriljoti) (1644–1702) of the Köprülü family, was the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire under Mustafa II from September 1697 until September ...

becomes the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire in the wake of the disastrous Ottoman defeat at Zenta, replacing Grand Vizier

Elmas Mehmed Pasha Elmas Mehmed Pasha (1661 – 11 September 1697) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, grand vizier from 1695 to 1697. His epithet ''Elmas'' means "diamond" in Persian language, Persian and refe ...

, who was killed in the battle by his own troops. *

September 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1058 – Agnes of Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border territory of Burgenland. *1066 – At the Battle of Fulford, Harald Hardrada defeats earls Morcar and Edwin. * 1187 – Saladin ...

– The

Treaty of Ryswick The Peace of Ryswick, or Rijswijk, was a series of treaties signed in the Dutch city of Rijswijk between 20 September and 30 October 1697. They ended the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War between France and the Grand Alliance, which included England, ...

is signed by France and the Grand Alliance, to end both the

and

King William's War King William's War (also known as the Second Indian War, Father Baudoin's War, Castin's War, or the First Intercolonial War in French) was the North American theater of the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), also known as the War of the Grand All ...

Louis XIV of France , house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of Versa ...

recognises

William III William III or William the Third may refer to: Kings * William III of Sicily (c. 1186–c. 1198) * William III of England and Ireland or William III of Orange or William II of Scotland (1650–1702) * William III of the Netherlands and Luxembourg ...

as King of England & Scotland, and both sides return territories they have taken in battle. In North America, the treaty returns

Port-Royal (Acadia) Port-Royal (1629–1710) was a settlement on the site of modern-day Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, part of the French colony of Acadia. The original French settlement of Port-Royal (Habitation de Port-Royal (1605-1613, about southwest) had earl ...

to France.

October–December

October 7 Events Pre-1600 * 3761 BC – The epoch reference date (start) of the modern Hebrew calendar. * 1403 – Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Modon. * 1477 ...

– The opera ''

Issé Issé (; br, Izeg) is a Communes of France, commune on the banks of the river Don (Vilaine), Don in the Loire-Atlantique Departments of France, department in western France. It is situated 10 km southeast of Châteaubriant. Population Tr ...

'', composed by

André Cardinal Destouches André Cardinal Destouches (sometimes called des Touches) (baptised 6 April 1672 – 7 February 1749) was a French composer best known for the ''opéra-ballet'' ''Les élémens''. Biography Born in Paris, the son of Étienne Cardinal, a ...

with libretto by Antoine Houdar de la Motte, premieres at the

Palace of Fontainebleau Palace of Fontainebleau (; ) or Château de Fontainebleau, located southeast of the center of Paris, in the commune of Fontainebleau, is one of the largest French royal châteaux. The medieval castle and subsequent palace served as a residence ...

in France. *

October 16 Events Pre-1600 * 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire. * 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire. * 91 ...

– The

Norwegian Code The Norwegian Code ( no, Norske Lov, abbreviated NL) is the oldest part of the Norwegian law still in force, partially in force in Norway, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands. It was given by Christian V of (Denmark and) Norway on 15 April 1687 and ent ...

, promulgated by King

Christian V of Denmark Christian V (15 April 1646 25 August 1699) was king of Denmark and Norway from 1670 until his death in 1699. Well-regarded by the common people, he was the first king anointed at Frederiksborg Castle chapel as absolute monarch since the decree ...

for

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...

1687 Events January–March * January 3 – With the end of latest of the Savoyard–Waldensian wars in the Duchy of Savoy between the Savoyard government and Protestant Italians known as the Waldensians, Victor Amadeus III of Sardi ...

, is amended to provide for torture of condemned criminals in certain capital offenses in Norway, with permission for burning with hot irons, or cutting off the prisoner's right hand while the prisoner is being transported for

decapitation Decapitation or beheading is the total separation of the head from the body. Such an injury is invariably fatal to humans and most other animals, since it deprives the brain of oxygenated blood, while all other organs are deprived of the i ...

. *

October 19 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the army defending Carthage. * 439 – The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in Nor ...

– Misión Loreto, the first Roman Catholic mission on Mexico's Baja California Peninsula, is founded by Spanish missionary

Juan María de Salvatierra Juan María de Salvatierra, S.J., (November 15, 1648 – July 17, 1717) was a Catholic missionary to the Americas. Life history Salvatierra was born Gianmaria Salvatierra in Milan, then the capital of the Duchy of Milan, a part of the Holy Rom ...

. *

October 24 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – In the Second Battle of Bedriacum, troops loyal to Vespasian defeat those of Emperor Vitellius. * 1260 – Chartres Cathedral is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France. * 1360 – The Treaty ...

– The first

opéra-ballet ''Opéra-ballet'' (; plural: ''opéras-ballets'') is a genre of French Baroque lyric theatre that was most popular during the 18th century, combining elements of opera and ballet, "that grew out of the '' ballets à entrées'' of the early seven ...

, combining elements of both mediums of entertainment, is performed as ''

L'Europe galante ''L'Europe galante'' (''Galant Europe'') is an opéra-ballet in a prologue and four entrées by André Campra to a French libretto by Antoine Houdar de la Motte. The opera is regarded as the first opéra-ballet, with the entrées sharing a comm ...

'' makes its debut at the

Salle du Palais-Royal Salle is the French word for 'hall', 'room' or 'auditorium', as in: *Salle des Concerts Herz, a former Paris concert hall *Salle Favart, theatre of the Paris Opéra-Comique *Salle Le Peletier, former home of the Paris Opéra *Salle Pleyel, a Paris ...

. Composed by

André Campra André Campra (; baptized 4 December 1660 – 29 June 1744) was a French composer and conductor of the Baroque era. The leading French opera composer in the period between Jean-Baptiste Lully and Jean-Philippe Rameau, Campra wrote several '' tra ...

, with

libretto A libretto (Italian for "booklet") is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or Musical theatre, musical. The term ''libretto'' is also sometimes used to refer to the t ...

Antoine Houdar de la Motte Antoine Houdar de la Motte (18 January 167226 December 1731) was a French author. De la Motte was born and died in Paris. In 1693 his comedy, ''Les Originaux'' (Les originaux, ou, l'Italien), was a complete failure, and so depressed the author ...

, the opera and ballet is conducted by

Marin Marais Marin Marais (; 31 May 1656, in Paris – 15 August 1728, in Paris) was a French composer and viol player. He studied composition with Jean-Baptiste Lully, often conducting his operas, and with master of the bass viol Monsieur de Sainte-Colomb ...

. *

October 30 Events Pre-1600 * 637 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Antioch surrenders to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge. * 758 – Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates. *1137 – Ranulf of Apulia defeats Roger ...

– The

, between France and the Grand Alliance comes to an end with the signing of the last pacts of the

Peace of Ryswick The Peace of Ryswick, or Rijswijk, was a series of treaties signed in the Dutch city of Rijswijk between 20 September and 30 October 1697. They ended the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War between France and the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), Gran ...

in the Dutch city of

Rijswijk Rijswijk (), formerly known as Ryswick ( ) in English, is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. Its population was in , and it has an area of , of which is water. The municipality also includes th ...

as Leopold I of

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

accedes two days before a deadline that had been set by the other members of the Grand Alliance. The areas of the

Duchy of Lorraine The Duchy of Lorraine (french: Lorraine ; german: Lothringen ), originally Upper Lorraine, was a duchy now included in the larger present-day region of Lorraine in northeastern France. Its capital was Nancy. It was founded in 959 following t ...

(Lotharingen),

Freiburg im Breisgau Freiburg im Breisgau (; abbreviated as Freiburg i. Br. or Freiburg i. B.; Low Alemannic German, Low Alemannic: ''Friburg im Brisgau''), commonly referred to as Freiburg, is an independent city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. With a population o ...

, and Vieux-Brisach (

Breisach Breisach (formerly Altbreisach; Low Alemannic: ''Alt-Brisach'') is a town with approximately 16,500 inhabitants, situated along the Rhine in the Rhine Valley, in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about halfway b ...

) are returned by France to Leopold's control. *

November 18 Events Pre-1600 * 326 – The old St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated by Pope Sylvester I. * 401 – The Visigoths, led by king Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade northern Italy. * 1095 – The Council of Clermont begins: called ...

–

Robert Bedingfield Sir Robert Bedingfield (1637–1711) of Ludgate Street, London, was a British merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1701. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1706. Bedingfield was born before 2 June 1637, the fifth son of John ...

, a high-ranking member of the

Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors ] The Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors is one of the 110 Livery company, livery companies of the City of London. The Company, originally known as the ''Guild and Fraternity of St John the Baptist in the City of London'', was founded prio ...

, is knighted in England by King William III. *

November 24 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Theodosius I makes his '' adventus'', or formal entry, into Constantinople. * 1190 – Conrad of Montferrat becomes King of Jerusalem upon his marriage to Isabella I of Jerusalem. *1221 – Genghis Khan d ...

– The elaborate burial of the late King

Charles XI of Sweden Charles XI or Carl ( sv, Karl XI; ) was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death, in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611–1721). He was the only son of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein- ...

takes place more than seven months after his April 5 death, with interment at the

Riddarholmen Church Riddarholmen Church ( sv, Riddarholmskyrkan) is the church of the former medieval Greyfriars Monastery in Stockholm, Sweden. The church serves as the final resting place of most Swedish monarchs. Riddarholmen Church is located on the island o ...

on the island of

Riddarholmen Riddarholmen (, "The Knights' Islet") is a small islet in central Stockholm, Sweden. The island forms part of Gamla Stan, the old town, and houses a number of private palaces dating back to the 17th century. The main landmark is the church Riddarho ...

near

. *

November 30 Events Pre-1600 * 978 – Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws. 1601–1900 * 1707 – Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the Br ...

–

, a field marshal within the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution i ...

, purchases a large tract of land in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

for construction of the

Belvedere Palace The Belvedere is a historic building complex in Vienna, Austria, consisting of two Baroque palaces (the Upper and Lower Belvedere), the Orangery, and the Palace Stables. The buildings are set in a Baroque park landscape in the third district o ...

. *

December 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1244 – Pope Innocent IV arrives at Lyon for the First Council of Lyon. *1409 – The University of Leipzig opens. 1601–1900 *1697 – St Paul's Cathedral, rebuilt to the design of Sir Christopher Wren followin ...

– The first service is held in

St Paul's Cathedral St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grad ...

since rebuilding work after the

Great Fire of London The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through central London from Sunday 2 September to Thursday 6 September 1666, gutting the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall, while also extending past the ...

began. *

December 7 Events Pre-1600 *43 BC – Cicero, Marcus Tullius Cicero is assassinated in Formia on orders of Marcus Antonius. * 574 – Byzantine Emperor Justin II, suffering recurring seizures of insanity, adopts his general Tiberius II Constant ...

–

Louis, Duke of Burgundy Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy (16 August 1682 – 18 February 1712), was the eldest son of Louis, Grand Dauphin, and Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria and grandson of the reigning French king, Louis XIV. He was known as the "Petit D ...

, and

Marie Adélaïde of Savoy Marie Adélaïde of Savoy (6 December 1685 – 12 February 1712) was the wife of Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy. She was the eldest daughter of Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy, and of Anne Marie d'Orléans. Her betrothal to the Duke ...

marry in the royal chapel at the

Palace of Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 19 ...

in France. *

December 8 Events Pre-1600 * 395 – Later Yan is defeated by its former vassal Northern Wei at the Battle of Canhe Slope. *757 – The poet Du Fu returns to Chang'an as a member of Emperor Xuanzong's court, after having escaped the city during ...

– Tsangyang Gyatso is installed in

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ) is a region in East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as Monpa people, ...

as the

6th Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso (; born 1 March 1683, died after 1706) was the 6th Dalai Lama. He was an unconventional Dalai Lama that preferred the lifestyle of a crazy wisdom yogi to that of an ordained monk. His regent was killed before he was kidnapped ...

in a ceremony at

Lhasa Lhasa (; Lhasa dialect: ; bo, text=ལྷ་ས, translation=Place of Gods) is the urban center of the prefecture-level city, prefecture-level Lhasa (prefecture-level city), Lhasa City and the administrative capital of Tibet Autonomous Regio ...

, filling a vacancy that had existed since 1682. *

December 11 Events Pre-1600 * 220 – Emperor Xian of Han is forced to abdicate the throne by Cao Cao's son Cao Pi, ending the Han dynasty. * 361 – Julian enters Constantinople as sole Roman Emperor. * 861 – Assassination of the Abbas ...

– A ball in the

Hall of Mirrors The Hall of Mirrors (french: Grande Galerie, Galerie des Glaces, Galerie de Louis XIV) is a grand Baroque style gallery and one of the most emblematic rooms in the royal Palace of Versailles near Paris, France. The grandiose ensemble of the hal ...

at the Palace of Versailles is held to celebrate the Duke of Burgundy and Marie Adélaïde's wedding. *

December 14 Events Pre-1600 * 557 – Constantinople is severely damaged by an earthquake, which cracks the dome of Hagia Sophia. * 835 – Sweet Dew Incident: Emperor Wenzong of Tang, Emperor Wenzong of the Tang dynasty conspires to kill the p ...

– The coronation ceremony takes place for King

Charles XII of Sweden Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII ( sv, Karl XII) or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), was King of Sweden (including current Finland) from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of t ...

Date unknown

* The

Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...

s of the

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

conquer

Outer Mongolia Outer Mongolia was the name of a territory in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China from 1691 to 1911. It corresponds to the modern-day independent state of Mongolia and the Russian republic of Tuva. The historical region gained ''de facto' ...

. * The British government passes the

Trade with Africa Act 1697 The Trade with Africa Act 1697, also known as An Act to settle the Trade to Africa was a law passed by the Parliament of England to officially revoke the monopoly enjoyed by the Royal African Company in the African slave trade. Instead the act i ...

(''An Act to settle the Trade to Africa''), confirming the

Royal African Company The Royal African Company (RAC) was an English mercantile (trade, trading) company set up in 1660 by the royal House of Stuart, Stuart family and City of London merchants to trade along the West Africa, west coast of Africa. It was led by the J ...

's loss of monopoly on the

Atlantic slave trade The Atlantic slave trade, transatlantic slave trade, or Euro-American slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas. The slave trade regularly used the triangular trade route and i ...

. *

Christopher Polhem Christopher Polhammar (18 December 1661 – 30 August 1751) better known as Christopher Polhem (), which he took after his ennoblement in 1716, was a Swedish scientist, inventor and industrialist. He made significant contributions to the economi ...

starts

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

's first technical school. *

Heinrich Escher Heinrich Escher (26 July 1626 – 20 April 1710) was mayor of the City and Republic of Zürich at the turn of the 18th century. He is credited with introducing chocolate to Switzerland after learning about it in Brussels. At the beginning of his ...

, Mayor of

Zürich Zürich () is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich. It is located in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich. As of January 2020, the municipality has 43 ...

, introduces

chocolate Chocolate is a food made from roasted and ground cacao seed kernels that is available as a liquid, solid, or paste, either on its own or as a flavoring agent in other foods. Cacao has been consumed in some form since at least the Olmec civ ...

to Switzerland from

Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...

. * The use of "Litter (vehicle), litters" (wheelless transports that carried by four servants) increases in Europe.

Ongoing

* Great Famine of 1695–1697 in Scandinavia. * Great Famine of Estonia (1695–97). * "Seven ill years" of famine in Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland.

Births

Carl Albrecht VII, by workshop of George Desmarees

William Smith (New York Judge, born 1697)

Louise Hippolyte Grimaldi with a view overlooking Monaco from the studio of Jean-Baptiste Santerre (1651-1717)

Portrait of Maria Carolina de Bouillon - Google Art Project

January–March

* January 1 – Johann Pfeiffer, German violinist (d. 1761) * January 7 ** Wilhelm August von der Osten, Danish civil servant (d. 1764) ** Robert Wallace (minister), Robert Wallace, minister of the Church of Scotland, writer on population (d. 1771) * January 9 – Gabriel Hanger, 1st Baron Coleraine, English politician (d. 1773) *

– William Capell, 3rd Earl of Essex, English courtier and diplomat (d. 1743) * January 13 – Paul-François de Galluccio, marquis de L'Hôpital, French nobleman and ambassador to Russia (d. 1767) * January 16 – Jules, Prince of Soubise, French nobleman and Prince of Soubise (d. 1724) * January 17 – Franz Neumayr, German Jesuit preacher (d. 1765) * January 19 – Thérèse de Couagne, capitalist and slave owner who played an active role in the economy of New France (d. 1764) * January 22 – Antoine-Martin Chaumont de La Galaizière, French nobleman (d. 1783) * January 23 – Joseph François Dupleix, Governor-General of French India and rival of Robert Clive (d. 1763) * January 26 – Sir Hugh Acland, 6th Baronet, British landowner, politician and MP (d. 1728) * January 30 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flautist and composer (d. 1773) * February 1 – Josse Boutmy, composer, organist and harpsichordist of the Austrian Netherlands (d. 1779) * February 4 – James Franklin (printer), James Franklin, American colonial author (d. 1735) * February 5 – William Smellie (obstetrician), William Smellie, Scottish obstetrician and medical instructor (d. 1763) * February 9 – Sir James Johnstone, 3rd Baronet, Scottish baronet and politician (d. 1772) * February 13 – Knud Leem, Norwegian priest and linguist (d. 1774) * February 15 – Vito Maria Amico, Italian monk (d. 1752) * February 24 – Bernhard Siegfried Albinus, German anatomist (d. 1770) *

** Giuseppe Pedretti, Italian painter (d. 1778) ** Edward Thompson (1697–1742), Edward Thompson, prominent Yorkshire politician (d. 1742) * February 28 ** Caio Domenico Gallo, Italian historian (d. 1780) ** Agustín de Montiano y Luyando, Spanish dramatist whose work is linked to Neoclassicism (d. 1764) * March 6 – Jacques Deschamps, French theologian and priest (d. 1759) *

– Friederike Caroline Neuber, German actress and theatre director (d. 1760) * March 12 – Joseph Leblanc dit Le Maigre, Acadian farmer and trader (d. 1772) * March 20 – József Dravecz, Slovene Roman Catholic priest (d. 1779) * March 21 – Christian Gottlieb Priber, German immigrant with legal training who emigrated to the British Colonies of North America (d. 1744) * March 24 ** Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697–1779), Louis Constantin de Rohan, French prelate of the House of Rohan (d. 1779) ** Yunli, Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty (d. 1738) * March 30 ** Faustina Bordoni, Italian mezzo-soprano (d. 1781) ** Jan Baptist Xavery, Flemish sculptor principally active in the Dutch Republic (d. 1742)

April–June

* April 2 ** Gaetano Casanova, Italian actor and ballet dancer (d. 1733) ** Sauveur François Morand, French surgeon (d. 1773) * April 12 – Anton Pichler, Tyrolean goldsmith and artist of engraved gems (d. 1779) * April 16 – Johann Gottlieb Görner, German composer and organist (d. 1778) *

– George Anson, 1st Baron Anson, British admiral (d. 1762) * April 26 – Adam Falckenhagen, German lutenist and composer (d. 1754) * May 2 – Michael Fabritius, Danish merchant (d. 1746) * May 5 – Henricus Boelen, American silversmith in New York City (d. 1755) * May 10 – Jean-Marie Leclair, French violinist (d. 1764) * May 15 – Countess Palatine Ernestine of Sulzbach, wife of Landgrave William II (d. 1775) * May 16 – John Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley of Stratton, British politician (d. 1773) * May 20 – Francesco Scipione Maria Borghese, Italian cardinal from the Borghese family (d. 1759) * May 28 – Frederick Bernard, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen (d. 1739) * June 2 – Thomas Whincop, English compiler of theatrical history (d. 1730) * June 4 – Jacob Emden, German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism (d. 1776) * June 9 – Augustus Louis, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1755) *

– Johann Caspar Barthel, German canon lawyer (d. 1771) * June 11 – Francesco Antonio Vallotti, Italian composer (d. 1780) * June 24 – Heinrich Joseph Johann of Auersperg, fourth Prince of Auersperg (d. 1783)

July–September

– Isaac Maddox, Anglican clergyman (d. 1759) * July 31 – Pietro Paolo Vasta, Italian painter (d. 1760) * August 4 – Susanna Wright, colonial English American poet (d. 1784) * August 6 ** Nicola Salvi, Italian architect (d. 1751) ** Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor from 1742 to 1745 (d. 1745) *

– Alexander Kurakin (1697), Alexander Kurakin, statesman and diplomat (d. 1749) * August 17 – Alexander Brodie (1697–1754), Alexander Brodie, Scottish politician (d. 1754) * August 18 – Princess Benedetta d'Este, noblewoman and princess of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio (d. 1777) * August 19 – Richard Wingfield, 1st Viscount Powerscourt (third creation), Richard Wingfield, 1st Viscount Powerscourt, Irish politician and peer (d. 1751) * August 26 – Giovanni Battista Tagliasacchi, Italian painter of the late-Baroque period (d. 1737) * August 28 – Armande de La Tour d'Auvergne, French noblewoman and Princess of Epinoy by marriage (d. 1717) * August 30 – Henry Flitcroft, major English architect in the second generation of Palladianism (d. 1769) * September 2 – Thomas Deacon, English non-juror bishop (d. 1753) * September 6 – James Foster (Baptist minister), James Foster, English Baptist minister (d. 1753) * September 16 – St George Caulfeild, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (d. 1778) *

– John Gardner (Rhode Island governor), John Gardner, American judge (d. 1764) * September 18 – Cornelius Heinrich Dretzel, German organist and composer (bapt. 1697–1775) (d. 1775) * September 19 – Alexander Monro (primus), Alexander Monro, Scottish surgeon and anatomist (d. 1767) * September 25 – Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (d. 1764) * September 27 – Franz Ernst Brückmann, German mineralogist born at Mariental (d. 1753)

October–December

* October 6 – Sir Robert Austen, 4th Baronet, British politician (d. 1743) * October 8 ** Augustine Françoise de Choiseul, French aristocrat (d. 1728) ** William Smith (judge, born 1697), William Smith, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1769) * October 9 – Pierre Philibert de Blancheton, French politician and music patron and collector (d. 1756) * October 15 – Leopold Innocenty Nepomucen Polzer, Polish lawyer (d. 1753) *

** Nicholas Amhurst, English poet and political writer (d. 1742) ** Marie Anne de Bourbon (1697–1741), Marie Anne de Bourbon, Superintendent of the Household to the French queen Marie Leszczyńska (d. 1741) * October 18 ** Canaletto, Italian painter from the Republic of Venice (d. 1768) ** Luigi Maria Torregiani, Italian Cardinal (d. 1777) *

– Claude-Pierre Goujet, French abbé and ''littérateur'' (d. 1767) * October 22 – Mary Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (d. 1768) * October 25 – Bartolomeo Ruspoli, Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1741) * October 26 – John Peter Zenger, German printer and journalist in New York City (d. 1746) * October 28 – Johann Gottfried Auerbach, Austrian painter and etcher (d. 1753) * October 29 – Georg Desmarées, Swedish-born German portrait painter (d. 1776) * October 31 – Johann Christian Fiedler, German portrait painter (d. 1765) * November 2 – James Douglas, 3rd Marquess of Queensberry, Scottish noble (d. 1715) * November 6 – Euseby Isham, English academic administrator at the University of Oxford (d. 1755) * November 8 – Giovanni Lami, Italian jurist (d. 1770) * November 9 – August Aleksander Czartoryski, member of the Polish nobility (Lang-pl (d. 1782) * November 10 ** Louise Hippolyte, Princess of Monaco (d. 1731) ** William Hogarth, English artist (d. 1764) * November 13 – Lord William Manners, English nobleman, Whig politician and MP (d. 1772) * November 15 – Johann Baring, German merchant (d. 1748) * November 17 – René-Prosper Tassin, French historian (d. 1777) * November 21 – Mateša Antun Kuhačević, Croatian poet and politician from Senj (d. 1772) * November 23 – John Gill (theologian), John Gill, English Baptist pastor (d. 1771) * November 25 ** Maria Karolina Sobieska (d. 1740) ** Gerhard Tersteegen, German Reformed religious writer and hymnist (d. 1769) *

– Johann Albrecht Korff, Russian diplomat (d. 1766) * December 4 – Nicolas-Charles-Joseph Trublet, French churchman (canon of Saint-Malo) and moralist (d. 1770) * December 6 – Carlo Arrigoni, Italian composer and musician active in several countries (d. 1744) *

– Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (d. 1775) *

** Sakaki Hyakusen, Japanese painter in the nanga style (d. 1752) ** Pyotr Saltykov (d. 1772) *

– Soloman Sprecher von Bernegg, Austrian military commander (d. 1758) * December 18 – Marcantonio Dal Re, Italian engraver and publisher (d. 1766) * December 21 ** Charles Bennet, 2nd Earl of Tankerville, British peer and politician (d. 1753) ** Georg Erhard Hamberger, German professor of medicine (d. 1755) * December 27 – Sollom Emlyn, Irish legal writer (d. 1754)

Deaths

Francesco Redi, founder of experimental biology

Louise Boyer (1632-1697, Duchess of Noailles)

Johann Carl Zirl (Zierl) - Herzog Friedrich Karl von Württemberg-Winnertal - 7180 - Bavarian State Painting Collections

January–March

* February 16 – Jan Six van Chandelier, Dutch Golden Age poet from Amsterdam (b. 1620) * March 15 – William Wentworth (elder), William Wentworth, follower of John Wheelwright (b. 1616) *

–

, Scottish student (hanged) (b. c. 1678) *

** John Bradstreet (Salem witch trials), John Bradstreet, accused "witch" during the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1652) ** Daniele Giustiniani, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Bergamo (1664–1697) (b. 1615) * January 12 – Andrzej Stech, Polish painter (b. 1635) * January 16 – Fortunato Ilario Carafa della Spina, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1630) * January 26 – Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician (b. 1640) * January 28 – Sir John Fenwick, 3rd Baronet, John Fenwick, English conspirator (b. c. 1645) * January 31 – Anthony Horneck, German clergyman and scholar (b. 1641) * February 4 – Adrien de Wignacourt, 63rd Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta from 1690 to 1697 (b. 1618) * February 5 – Esaias Fleischer (priest), Esaias Fleischer, Danish priest (b. 1633) * February 11 – Georg Händel, German musician (b. 1622) * February 16 – Bernardino Plastina, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Oppido Mamertina (b. 1645) * February 17 – Francis Dane, American colonial priest (b. 1615) * March 1 – Francesco Redi, Italian physician (b. 1626) * March 12 – Gaspar de la Cerda, 8th Count of Galve, viceroy of New Spain (b. 1653) * March 17 – Þórður Þorláksson, Icelandic bishop (b. 1637) * March 19 – Nicolaus Bruhns, German organist and composer (b. 1665) * March 23 – William Child, English composer and organist (b. 1606) *

– Godfrey McCulloch, Scottish politician and murderer (executed) (b. 1640) * March 27 – Simon Bradstreet, English colonial magistrate (b. 1604)

April–June

* April 1 – Giyesu, Chinese prince (b. 1646) * April 4 – Andrea Carlone, Italian painter (b. 1626) *

– King

, King of Sweden from 1660 to 1697 (b. 1655) * April 8 – Niels Juel, Danish admiral (b. 1629) * April 14 – Custodio do Pinho, Roman Catholic prelate, Titular Bishop of ''Hierapolis in Isauria'' (b. 1638) * May 2 – Simon Henry, Count of Lippe, ruling Count of Lippe-Detmold (b. 1639) * May 8 – Sir Richard Temple, 3rd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1634) * May 9 – Ildefonso Vargas y Abarca, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Comayagua (b. 1633) * May 12 – Francesco Maria Moles, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nola (b. 1638) * May 22 – Louise Boyer, French courtier (b. 1632) * May 24 – Johann Adolf I, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, German duke (b. 1649) * June 3 – Silvius II Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (b. 1651) * June 7 – John Aubrey, English writer and antiquarian (b. 1626) *

– Francis Pemberton, English judge, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench (b. 1624) * June 12 – Ann Baynard, English natural philosopher (b. 1672) * June 18 – Gregorio Barbarigo, Italian Catholic saint (b. 1625) * June 19 – Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough, English diplomat (b. 1621) * June 21 – Joseph Anthelmi, French ecclesiastical historian (b. 1648)

July–September

* July 5 – Sebastijan Glavinić, Catholic bishop (b. 1630) * July 7 – John Eachard, English divine and satirist (b. 1636) * July 10 – Katherine Ross (died 1697), Katherine Ross, née Collace (c.1635–1697), memoirist and schoolmistress (b. 1635) * July 11 – Frances Ward, 6th Baroness Dudley, English baroness (b. 1611) * July 13 – James Draper (settler), James Draper, early settler of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1618) * July 16 – Sir John Brownlow, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1659) * July 18 ** Thomas Dolman, English politician (b. 1622) ** António Vieira, Portuguese writer (b. 1608) * July 20 – Jan Kazimierz Denhoff, Polish cardinal from 1686 (b. 1649) * July 24 – William Digges, politician in the Colony of Virginia, councillor in the Province of Maryland (b. 1651) * July 25 – John Grout, military officer (b. 1643) *

** Tun Habib Abdul Majid, Grand Vizier of Johor (b. 1637) **Dominik Mikołaj Radziwiłł, Polish–Lithuanian noble and politician (b. 1643) * July 30 – Lorentz Mortensen Angell, Norwegian merchant and landowner (b. 1626) * August 2 ** Giuseppe Bologna, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Capua, Archbishop of Benevento (b. 1634) ** Sir William Frankland, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1640) * August 5 – Jean-Baptiste de Santeul, French poet who wrote in Latin (b. 1630) * August 11 – John Hay, 1st Marquess of Tweeddale, Scottish judge (b. 1625) * August 30 – Daigo Fuyumoto, Japanese noble (b. 1648) *

, Ottoman statesman, grand vizier from 1695 to 1697 (b. 1661) ** Agneta Rosenbröijer, Finland Swedish noblewoman (b. 1620)

October–December

* October 27 – Takehara An'i, bureaucrat of Ryukyu Kingdom (b. 1651) *

– Thomas Lascelles (died 1697), Thomas Lascelles, English politician (b. 1624) * November 8 – Samuel Enys, English politician (b. 1611) * November 22 – Libéral Bruant, French architect (b. c. 1635) *

– Thomas Crew, 2nd Baron Crew, English politician (b. 1624) * December 17 – Eleonore of Austria, Queen of Poland (b. 1653) ** Pietro Leoni (bishop), Pietro Leoni, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Verona, Bishop of Ceneda (b. 1637) * December 20 ** Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental (b. 1652) ** Sir Arthur Gore, 1st Baronet, Irish politician (b. 1640) * December 31 – Lucas Faydherbe, Belgian sculptor and architect (b. 1617) * ''date unknown'' – Karin Thomasdotter, Finnish official (b. 1610)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1697 1697,