Events

January–March

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

– King

William III of England William III (William Henry; ; 4 November 16508 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of County of Holland, Holland, County of Zeeland, Zeeland, Lordship of Utrecht, Utrec ...

, who rules Scotland and Ireland as well as being the Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, departs from

Margate Margate is a seaside resort, seaside town on the north coast of Kent in south-east England. The town is estimated to be 1.5 miles long, north-east of Canterbury and includes Cliftonville, Garlinge, Palm Bay, UK, Palm Bay and Westbrook, Kent, ...

to tend to the affairs of the Netherlands. *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 *1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. *1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 *1639 – The "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Fundamenta ...

– A fleet of ships carrying 827 Spanish Navy sailors and marines arrives at

Manzanillo Bay Manzanillo or ''manzanillo'' (Spanish for "little apple", literally) may refer to: *Manzanillo, Colima, a city in Mexico **Manzanillo Municipality, Colima, the surrounding municipality *Manzanillo, Cuba, a city *Manzanillo Port, a port in Dominica ...

on the island of

Hispaniola Hispaniola (, also ; es, La Española; Latin and french: Hispaniola; ht, Ispayola; tnq, Ayiti or Quisqueya) is an island in the Caribbean that is part of the Greater Antilles. Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and th ...

in what is now the

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares wit ...

and joins 700 Spanish cavalry, then proceeds westward to invade the French side of the island in what is now

Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...

. *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

– King Louis XIV of France issues an order specifically prohibiting play of games of chance, specifically naming

basset Bassets are a sub- type of scenthound deliberately bred with short legs, that are used for hunting where the hunters accompany the hunting hounds on foot. History Bassets were originally developed in France from where they spread throughout Europ ...

and similar games, on penalty of 1,000 livres for the first offence. *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. *1264 & ...

– Spanish colonial administrator

Domingo Terán de los Ríos Domingo Terán de los Ríos served as the first governor of Texas from 1691 to 1692. He also governed Coahuila, in the modern-day Mexico. Previous service Terán served the Spanish crown in Peru for two decades. He came to Mexico in 1681 as a ...

, most recently the governor of Sonora y Sinaloa on the east side of the

Gulf of California The Gulf of California ( es, Golfo de California), also known as the Sea of Cortés (''Mar de Cortés'') or Sea of Cortez, or less commonly as the Vermilion Sea (''Mar Bermejo''), is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean that separates the Baja Ca ...

, is assigned by the Viceroy of New Spain to administer a new province that governs lands on both sides of the

Río Bravo del Norte The Rio Grande ( and ), known in Mexico as the Río Bravo del Norte or simply the Río Bravo, is one of the principal rivers (along with the Colorado River) in the southwestern United States and in northern Mexico. The length of the Rio G ...

, "Coahuila y Tejas", and effectively becomes the first

Governor of Texas The governor of Texas heads the state government of Texas. The governor is the leader of the executive and legislative branch of the state government and is the commander in chief of the Texas Military. The current governor is Greg Abbott, who ...

. *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

– An annular

solar eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...

is visible across the Philippines, North Borneo and eastern Sumatra. *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...

–

Nine Years' War The Nine Years' War (1688–1697), often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg, was a conflict between France and a European coalition which mainly included the Holy Roman Empire (led by the Habsburg monarch ...

: French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers

besiege A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from la, sedere, lit=to sit. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterize ...

the Spanish-held town of

Mons Mons (; German and nl, Bergen, ; Walloon and pcd, Mont) is a city and municipality of Wallonia, and the capital of the province of Hainaut, Belgium. Mons was made into a fortified city by Count Baldwin IV of Hainaut in the 12th century. T ...

. *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...

– The

Public Security Police Force of Macau The Public Security Police Force (;https://www.ssm.gov.mo/docs/414/414_99a608ac6d9e4c035e0e4eb47ab1f62cfc7a0c38_000.pdf pt, Corpo de Polícia de Segurança Pública de Macau, abbreviated ) is the non-criminal police department of Macau and ...

is founded. *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of eigh ...

– ''

The Athenian Mercury ''The Athenian Mercury'', or ''The Athenian Gazette'', or ''The Question Project'', or ''The Casuistical Mercury'', was a periodical written by ''The Athenian Society'' and published in London twice weekly between 17 March 1690 ( i.e. 1691 Gregor ...

'' begins twice-weekly publication by

The Athenian Society The Athenian Society was an organization founded by John Dunton in 1691 to facilitate the writing and publication of his weekly periodical ''The Athenian Mercury''. Though represented as a large panel of experts, the society reached its peak at fou ...

in London. *

March 20 Events Pre-1600 * 673 – Emperor Emperor Tenmu, Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Asuka, Yamato#Imperial Palaces, Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka, Yamato, Asuka. *1206 – Michael IV of Constantinople, Michael IV Au ...

–

Leisler's Rebellion Leisler's Rebellion was an uprising in late-17th century colonial New York The Province of New York (1664–1776) was a British proprietary colony and later royal colony on the northeast coast of North America. As one of the Middle Coloni ...

: A new governor arrives in

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

–

Jacob Leisler Jacob Leisler ( – May 16, 1691) was a German-born colonist who served as a politician in the Province of New York. He gained wealth in New Amsterdam (later New York City) in the fur trade and tobacco business. In what became known as Leisler's ...

surrenders, after a standoff of several hours. *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...

– The Siege of Mons ends in the city's surrender.

April–June

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, s ...

– A fire at the

Palace of Whitehall The Palace of Whitehall (also spelt White Hall) at Westminster was the main residence of the English monarchs from 1530 until 1698, when most of its structures, except notably Inigo Jones's Banqueting House of 1622, were destroyed by fire. H ...

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

destroys its Stone Gallery. *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. *1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Spanis ...

** The

Spanish Inquisition The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition ( es, Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition ( es, Inquisición española), was established in 1478 by the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand ...

condemns and forcibly baptizes 219

Xueta The Xuetes (; singular , also known as and spelled as ) are a social group on the Spanish island of Majorca, in the Mediterranean Sea, who are descendants of Majorcan Jews that either were conversos (forcible converts to Christianity) or were C ...

s in

Palma, Majorca Palma (; ; also known as ''Palma de Mallorca'', officially between 1983–88, 2006–08, and 2012–16) is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorc ...

. When 37 try to escape the island, they are burned alive at the stake. ** The

Province of New York The Province of New York (1664–1776) was a British proprietary colony and later royal colony on the northeast coast of North America. As one of the Middle Colonies, New York achieved independence and worked with the others to found the Uni ...

establishes the

New York Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the trial-level court of general jurisdiction in the New York State Unified Court System. (Its Appellate Division is also the highest intermediate appellate court.) It is vested with unlimited civ ...

as the Supreme Court of Judicature. It is the oldest Supreme Court with general original jurisdiction. *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. *1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1364 ...

–

is hanged for

treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...

. * June – The first performance takes place of the semi-opera ''

King Arthur King Arthur ( cy, Brenin Arthur, kw, Arthur Gernow, br, Roue Arzhur) is a legendary king of Britain, and a central figure in the medieval literary tradition known as the Matter of Britain. In the earliest traditions, Arthur appears as a ...

'' with a

libretto A libretto (Italian for "booklet") is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or Musical theatre, musical. The term ''libretto'' is also sometimes used to refer to the t ...

John Dryden '' John Dryden (; – ) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who in 1668 was appointed England's first Poet Laureate. He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the per ...

and music by

Henry Purcell Henry Purcell (, rare: September 1659 – 21 November 1695) was an English composer. Purcell's style of Baroque music was uniquely English, although it incorporated Italian and French elements. Generally considered among the greatest E ...

. *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

–

Ahmed II Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet. Etymology The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the ve ...

(1691–1695) succeeds Suleiman II (1687–1691), as

Ottoman Emperor The sultans of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its he ...

July–September

July 12 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple. * 927 – King Constantine II of ...

Pope Innocent XII Pope Innocent XII ( la, Innocentius XII; it, Innocenzo XII; 13 March 1615 – 27 September 1700), born Antonio Pignatelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 July 1691 to his death in September 1700. He ...

becomes the 242nd

pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...

, succeeding

Pope Alexander VIII Pope Alexander VIII ( it, Alessandro VIII; 22 April 1610 – 1 February 1691), born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 October 1689 to his death in February 1691. He is to date the las ...

. **

Williamite War in Ireland The Williamite War in Ireland (1688–1691; ga, Cogadh an Dá Rí, "war of the two kings"), was a conflict between Jacobite supporters of deposed monarch James II and Williamite supporters of his successor, William III. It is also called th ...

–

Battle of Aughrim The Battle of Aughrim ( ga, Cath Eachroma) was the decisive battle of the Williamite War in Ireland. It was fought between the largely Irish Jacobite army loyal to James II and the forces of William III on 12 July 1691 (old style, equivalent ...

: Protestant

Williamite A Williamite was a follower of King William III of England (r. 1689–1702) who deposed King James II and VII in the Glorious Revolution. William, the Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, replaced James with the support of English Whigs. One ...

forces, led by Godert de Ginkell, decisively defeat

Jacobites Jacobite means follower of Jacob or James. Jacobite may refer to: Religion * Jacobites, followers of Saint Jacob Baradaeus (died 578). Churches in the Jacobite tradition and sometimes called Jacobite include: ** Syriac Orthodox Church, sometime ...

under the

Marquis de St Ruth Charles Chalmot de Saint-RuheLecestre, L. (ed.) (1921). ''Memoires de Saint-Simon'', v. 19, Hachette et cie, p. 135 (c. 165012 July 1691) was a French cavalry officer, serving in the armies of Louis XIV. Despite a long career, Saint-Ruhe is re ...

(who is killed). *

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founde ...

– The

Battle of La Prairie The Battle of La Prairie was an attack made on the French colonial settlement of La Prairie, New France on August 11, 1691 by an English, Mohawk and Mohican force coming north from Albany, New York. The force, led by Major Pieter Schuyler, init ...

in Canada: an

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

and

Iroquois The Iroquois ( or ), officially the Haudenosaunee ( meaning "people of the longhouse"), are an Iroquoian-speaking confederacy of First Nations peoples in northeast North America/ Turtle Island. They were known during the colonial years to ...

force come north from

Albany, New York Albany ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York, also the seat and largest city of Albany County. Albany is on the west bank of the Hudson River, about south of its confluence with the Mohawk River, and about north of New York City ...

to attack Montreal, but are repulsed with significant casualties by the

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

and their

First Nations First Nations or first peoples may refer to: * Indigenous peoples, for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area. Indigenous groups *First Nations is commonly used to describe some Indigenous groups including: **First Natio ...

allies. *

August 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade. * 1121 – Ba ...

– The

Battle of Slankamen The Battle of Slankamen was fought on 19 August 1691, near Slankamen in the Ottoman Sanjak of Syrmia (modern-day Vojvodina, Serbia), between the Ottoman Empire, and Habsburg Austrian forces during the Great Turkish War. The battle saw a T ...

takes place between the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

and the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution i ...

and allies at

Syrmia Syrmia ( sh, Srem/Срем or sh, Srijem/Сријем, label=none) is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain, which lies between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia and Croatia. Most of the region is flat, with the exce ...

(now the

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

n province of

Vojvodina Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...

), and 25,000 Ottomans are killed, including

Köprülüzade Fazıl Mustafa Pasha Köprülüzade Fazıl Mustafa Pasha (" Köprülü Mustafa Pasha the Wise", also known as Gazi Fazıl Mustafa Köprülü ( sq, Fazlli Mustafa Kypriljoti; tr, Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Paşa; 1637 – 19 August 1691, Slankamen) served as the G ...

, the

Grand Vizier Grand vizier ( fa, وزيرِ اعظم, vazîr-i aʾzam; ota, صدر اعظم, sadr-ı aʾzam; tr, sadrazam) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world. The office of Grand Vizier was first ...

. *

August 23 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Caesar ...

– A total

is visible across South America, Central America and Mexico. *

August 27 Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days. * 1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England. * 1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the K ...

– In Scotland, King William offers the Highland clans a pardon for their part in the

Jacobite rising of 1689 The Jacobite rising of 1689 was a conflict fought primarily in the Scottish Highlands, whose objective was to put James II & VII back on the throne, following his deposition by the November 1688 Glorious Revolution. Named after "Jacobus", the L ...

if they agree to pledge allegiance to him before New Year's Day. *

September 3 Events Pre-1600 *36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate. * 301 – San Marino, one of the s ...

– HMS ''Coronation'' and HMS ''Harwich'' are lost in a storm while making for shelter in

Plymouth Sound Plymouth Sound, or locally just The Sound, is a deep inlet or sound in the English Channel near Plymouth in England. Description Its southwest and southeast corners are Penlee Point in Cornwall and Wembury Point in Devon, a distance of abo ...

with 900 killed. *

September 18 Events Pre-1600 * 96 – Domitian, who has been conducting a reign of terror for the past three years, is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects. * 96 – Nerva is proclaimed Roman emperor a ...

–

War of the Grand Alliance The Nine Years' War (1688–1697), often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg, was a conflict between France and a European coalition which mainly included the Holy Roman Empire (led by the Habsburg monarch ...

: English and Dutch forces are defeated by the French in the

Battle of Leuze The Battle of Leuze was a minor Cavalry engagement of the Nine Years' War that took place on 18 September 1691 between a detachment of French and a superior Allied force. Marshal Luxembourg had been informed that William III of Orange had left f ...

October–December

October 3 Events Pre-1600 * 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day. * 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...

– The

Treaty of Limerick }), signed on 3 October 1691, ended the 1689 to 1691 Williamite War in Ireland, a conflict related to the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War. It consisted of two separate agreements, one with military terms of surrender, signed by commanders of a Frenc ...

, ending the

and guaranteeing civil rights to

Roman Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

, is signed. The

Flight of the Wild Geese The Flight of the Wild Geese was the departure of an Irish Jacobite army under the command of Patrick Sarsfield from Ireland to France, as agreed in the Treaty of Limerick on 3 October 1691, following the end of the Williamite War in Ireland. ...

follows. *

October 17 Events Pre-1600 * 690 – Empress Wu Zetian establishes the Zhou Dynasty of China. *1091 – London tornado of 1091: A tornado thought to be of strength T8/F4 strikes the heart of London. *1346 – The English capture King Davi ...

(October 7 O.S.) – In

New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...

, the two separate colonies of

Massachusetts Bay Colony The Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630–1691), more formally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies later reorganized as the ...

and

Plymouth Colony Plymouth Colony (sometimes Plimouth) was, from 1620 to 1691, the British America, first permanent English colony in New England and the second permanent English colony in North America, after the Jamestown Colony. It was first settled by the pa ...

are united into a single entity by an act of the King and Queen of England. *

November 26 Events Pre-1600 * 783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her king from retaking the throne from Mauregatus. *1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynasty ...

– In

Limerick Limerick ( ; ga, Luimneach ) is a western city in Ireland situated within County Limerick. It is in the province of Munster and is located in the Mid-West which comprises part of the Southern Region. With a population of 94,192 at the 2016 ...

, "A Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving to the Almighty God for the Preservation of Their Majesties, the Success of Their Forces in the reducing of Ireland, and for His Majesties Safe Return" is celebrated in all Anglican churches in Britain and Ireland by order of Archbishop Tillotson. *

December 6 Events Pre-1600 *1060 – Béla I is crowned king of Hungary. *1240 – Mongol invasion of Rus': Kyiv, defended by Voivode Dmytro, falls to the Mongols under Batu Khan. *1492 – After exploring the island of Cuba for gold (which ...

– During the

Morean War The Morean War ( it, Guerra di Morea), also known as the Sixth Ottoman–Venetian War, was fought between 1684–1699 as part of the wider conflict known as the "Great Turkish War", between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire. Military ...

, Captain Luca Dalla Rocca of Naples betrays Venice by surrendering the fortress of

Gramvousa Gramvousa also Grampousa ( el, Γραμβούσα or Γραμπούσα, further names include ''Akra'', ''Cavo Buso'', ''Cavo Bouza'', ''Garabusa'' and ''Grabusa'') refers to two small uninhabited islands off the coast of a peninsula also known ...

, on the island of

Crete Crete ( el, Κρήτη, translit=, Modern: , Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and ...

to the Ottoman Turks, in return for a large amount of money and sanctuary in Istanbul. *

December 22 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – Vespasian is proclaimed Emperor of Rome; his predecessor, Vitellius, attempts to abdicate but is captured and killed at the Gemonian stairs. * 401 – Pope Innocent I is elected, the only pope to succeed h ...

–

Patrick Sarsfield Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan, ga, Pádraig Sáirseál, circa 1655 to 21 August 1693, was an Irish soldier, and leading figure in the Jacobite army during the 1689 to 1691 Williamite War in Ireland. Born into a wealthy Catholic famil ...

and 19,000 troops of the Irish Army who had been supporters of the Jacobite Rebellion leave the country and relocate to France.

Date unknown

* HMNB Devonport, currently one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy and the largest naval base in Western Europe, opens. * Michel Rolle invents Rolle's theorem, which states that any real-valued differentiable function that attains equal values at two distinct points must have at least one stationary point somewhere between them. * The Khalkha submit to the Manchu people, Manchu invaders, bringing most of modern-day Mongolia under the rule of the Qing Dynasty. * Nimavar school in Isfahan, Iran is built and opens in this era of Suleiman I of Persia, Suleiman I. * The textile factory ''Barnängens manufaktur'' is founded in Stockholm, Sweden. * The Society for the Reformation of Manners is founded in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets with the aim of suppressing profanity, immorality, and other lewd activities in general, and of brothels and prostitution in particular.

Births

Catherine Ivanovna, Tsarevna of Russia and Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Cornelis Pronk (1691-1759) , by Cornelis Pronk

January–March

* January 8 – George Charles of Hesse-Kassel, Prince of Hesse-Kassel and Prussian general (d. 1755) * January 16 – Peter Scheemakers, Flemish sculptor (d. 1781) * January 18 – William Finch (diplomat), William Finch, British diplomat (d. 1766) * January 19 – Reinier Boitet, Delft publisher and writer (d. 1750) * January 25 – John Folliot (British Army officer, died 1762), John Folliot, officer of the British Army (d. 1762) * January 27 – Christian Ulrich II, Duke of Württemberg-Wilhelminenort (d. 1734) * February 3 – George Lillo, British writer (d. 1739) * February 4 – Louis-Basile de Bernage, French jurist (d. 1767) * February 6 – Francisco Cajigal de la Vega, Spanish general and Viceroy (d. 1777) * February 8 – John Adams Sr., British colonial farmer, minister, father of the U.S. President, John Adams (d. 1761) * February 10 – Samuel Wesley (the Younger), Samuel Wesley, English poet and cleric (d. 1739) * February 17 – Julius Valentyn Stein van Gollenesse, Governor of Zeylan (d. 1755) * February 27 – Edward Cave, English editor and publisher (d. 1754) * March 1 – Conrad Beissel, German-American religious leader (d. 1768) * March 4 – Pierre-Herman Dosquet, Catholic bishop (d. 1777) * March 7 – Francesco Alborea, Italian composer and cellist (d. 1739) * March 12 – Dionisia de Santa María Mitas Talangpaz, Filipino saint (d. 1732) * March 16 – Michel Baudouin, Canadian missionary (d. 1768) *

– Princess Dorothea Wilhelmine of Saxe-Zeitz, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1743) * March 22 – Philipp von Stosch, Prussian antiquarian (d. 1757) * March 28 – Charles Emil Lewenhaupt, Swedish general (d. 1743) * March 30 – Charles Hamilton, Count of Arran, English collector of manuscripts (d. 1754) * March 31 – Franz Hunolt, German preacher (d. 1746)

April–June

* April 2 – Christian Ernest of Stolberg-Wernigerode, Count (d. 1771) * April 5 ** Franz Joseph Spiegler, German painter (d. 1757) ** Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1768) * April 6 – Johann Heinrich Zopf, German historian (d. 1774) * April 8 – John Bampfylde (1691–1750), John Bampfylde, British politician (d. 1750) *

** Paul Egell, German sculptor and plasterer (d. 1752) ** Johann Matthias Gesner, German classical scholar and schoolmaster (d. 1761) * April 13 ** Joseph-Charles Roettiers, French engraver and medallist (d. 1779) ** Johann Friedrich Weidler, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1755) * April 23 – René Hérault, French police chief (d. 1740) * April 30 – Henry Ingram, 7th Viscount of Irvine, Scottish peer and politician (d. 1761) * May 1 – Kasimir Wedig von Bonin, German military personnel (d. 1752) * May 23 – Giuseppe Orsoni, Italian artist, 1691–1755 (d. 1755) * May 25 – Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja, Portuguese prince of the second House of Braganza (d. 1742) * May 27 – James Alexander (lawyer), James Alexander, American lawyer in colonial New York (d. 1756) * June 2 – Nicolau Nasoni, Italian architect (d. 1773) * June 4 – Daniel Horsmanden, American judge (d. 1778) * June 8 – James Cecil, 5th Earl of Salisbury, English Earl (d. 1728) * June 14 – Jan Francisci, Slovak organist and composer (d. 1758) * June 17 ** George August, Count of Erbach-Schönberg, German noble (d. 1758) ** Giovanni Paolo Panini, Italian painter and architect (d. 1765) * June 20 – Pietro Antonio Magatti, Italian painter (d. 1767) *

– John Thomas (bishop of Salisbury), John Thomas, English bishop of Lincoln and bishop of Salisbury (d. 1766)

July–September

* July 17 – Peder von Todderud, Danish autobiographer (d. 1772) * July 24 – Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Bolton, British politician (d. 1759) * July 26 – Sir John Trelawny, 4th Baronet, British politician (d. 1756) * July 31 – Bartolomé Rull, Spanish bishop (d. 1769) * August 5 – Charles d'Orléans de Rothelin, French priest and scholar (d. 1744) * August 8 – Christina Beata Dagström, Swedish baroness and glass works owner (d. 1754) * August 21 – Anne Coventry, Countess of Coventry (1691–1788), Anne Coventry, Countess of Coventry, English plaintiff in a marriage settlement case (d. 1788) * August 25 – Alessandro Galilei, Italian architect, mathematician (d. 1737) * August 28 – Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Holy Roman Empress consort (d. 1750) * August 29 – Richard Challoner, English Catholic prelate (d. 1781) * August 30 – Louis-Jean Lévesque de Pouilly, French philosopher (d. 1750) * September 1 – James Burrough (architect), James Burrough, English academic and architect (d. 1764) *

** Ana Maria de Lorena, 1st Duchess of Abrantes, Portuguese noblewoman (d. 1761) ** Armande Félice de La Porte Mazarin, French noblewoman, courtier and duelist (d. 1729) ** Antoine-Alexis Perier de Salvert, French naval officer (d. 1757) * September 20 – Giovanni Francesco Crivelli, Italian mathematician and priest (d. 1743) * September 22 – Louis-Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis of Vaudreuil, French Navy officer (d. 1763)

October–December

* October 1 – Arthur Onslow, Speaker of the British House of Commons (d. 1768) * October 6 – Sir Edward Turner, 1st Baronet, British Baronet (d. 1735) * October 11 – John Leland (Presbyterian), John Leland, English Presbyterian minister (d. 1766) * October 14 – John Lovewell, Nashua, New Hampshire hero (d. 1725) * October 18 – Kaspar Ernst von Schultze, German military personnel (d. 1757) * October 20 – Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia, Tsarevna of Russia (d. 1733) * October 27 – Jacob Severin, Dano-Norwegian merchant (d. 1753) * November 4 ** William Bulkeley (diarist), William Bulkeley, sheriff and diarist from Anglesey (d. 1760) ** Dudley Ryder (judge), Dudley Ryder, British politician and judge (d. 1756) * November 9 – Antonio Francesco Gori, Italian antiquarian (d. 1757) * November 10 – Wilhelm Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, German duke (d. 1741) * November 11 – Peregrine Osborne, 3rd Duke of Leeds, British peer (d. 1731) * November 14 ** James Lindsay, 5th Earl of Balcarres, Governor of Jamaica (d. 1768) ** Henry Shirley, 3rd Earl Ferrers, British peer (d. 1745) * November 18 – Mårten Triewald, merchant and technician, one of the founders of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (d. 1747) * November 19 – William Fraser, of Fraserfield, politician (d. 1727) * November 21 – Domingo José Claros Pérez de Guzmán, 13th Duke of Medina Sidonia, noble (d. 1739) * November 27 – Josef Antonín Plánický, Czech composer, choirmaster and singer (d. 1732) * December 10 – Cornelis Pronk, Dutch painter (d. 1759) * December 18 – Gaston-Laurent Coeurdoux, French Indianist and missionary (d. 1779) * December 30 – Conrad Friedrich Hurlebusch, German Dutch composer and organist (d. 1765)

Deaths

Godfrey Kneller (1646-1723) - Lady Mary Compton (1668–1691), Countess of Dorset - 129920 - National Trust

Portrait of Israel Silvestre by Le Brun - israel-silvestre-fr

Slingelandt, Pieter Cornelis van - himself - 17th century

January–March

* January 10 – Wolf Caspar von Klengel, German builder, architect and officer (b. 1630) * January 13 – George Fox, English founder of the Society of Friends (b. 1624) * January 17 – Richard Lower (physician), Richard Lower, English physician (b. 1631) * January 19 – Giacinto Brandi, Italian painter (b. 1621) * January 22 – Edward Master, English politician (b. 1610) *

– William Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1649) * January 24 – James Bishop (colonial administrator), James Bishop, English-born 23rd Deputy Governor of Connecticut (b. 1625) * January 25 – Anthonie Hals, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1621) * January 28 – John Ashton (Jacobite), John Ashton, English courtier and Jacobite conspirator (b. 1653) * January 29 – Asai Ryōi, Buddhist priest and writer (b. 1612) * February 1 –

, pope of the Catholic Church from 1689 to 1691 (b. 1610) * February 4 – Paul Amman, German botanist and physician (b. 1634) * February 7 – Nguyễn Phúc Trăn, Vietnamese ruler (b. 1650) * February 8 – Carlo Rainaldi, Italian architect (b. 1611) * February 12 – Brother Lawrence, French Christian monk (b. 1614) * February 19 – Sir Thomas Lee, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1635) * February 20 – Juan Francisco de la Cerda, 8th Duke of Medinaceli, Spanish politician (b. 1637) * February 21 ** Hans Willem van Aylva, Dutch soldier (b. 1633) ** Antonio Bichi, Catholic cardinal (b. 1614) * February 22 – Juan del Vado, Spanish composer (b. 1625) * February 25 – Antonio de Benavides y Bazán, Roman Catholic patriarch (b. 1610) * February 27 – Luo Wenzao, First Chinese bishop (b. 1615) *

** Joseph Moxon, British hydrographer (b. 1627) ** Mathias Spieler, Swedish architect (b. 1640) * March 1 – Sultan Bahu, Punjabi Sufi mystic, poet and scholar (b. 1630) *

– Jean-Jacques Renouard de Villayer, French postal pioneer (b. 1607) * March 8 – Gabriel Souart, Canadian priest (b. 1611) * March 11 – Giulio Spinola, Italian cardinal (b. 1612) * March 15 – Anna Salome of Manderscheid-Blankenheim, Abbess of Thorn Abbey, later abbess of Essen Abbey (b. 1628) *

– Thomas Wynne, English personal physician of William Penn (b. 1627) * March 19 – Nicholas De Mayer, Dutch politician (b. 1635) *

– Nicolas Talon, French Jesuit (b. 1605)

April–June

* April 3 ** Antoine Philibert Albert Bailly, Italian bishop of Aosta (b. 1605) ** Jean Petitot, Swiss enamel painter (b. 1607) * April 6 – Peyton Ventris, English politician (b. 1645) * April 13 – Melchor de Navarra, Duke of Palata, Spanish military personnel (b. 1626) * April 15 – Joachim Feller, German academic (b. 1638) * April 20 – Raimondo Capizucchi, Italian cardinal (b. 1616) * April 21 ** Henry Herbert, 4th Baron Herbert of Chirbury, English peer (b. 1640) ** George Howard, 4th Earl of Suffolk, British Earl (b. 1625) ** Ralph Knight, English soldier and politician (b. 1610) * April 23 – Jean-Henri d'Anglebert, French harpsichordist and composer (b. 1629) * April 27 – Lorenzo Crasso, Italian literary studies scholar and advocate (b. 1623) * April 30 – Kirill Naryshkin, maternal grandfather of Peter the Great (b. 1623) * May 5 – Thomas Lamplugh, Archbishop of York, Bishop of Exeter, Dean of Rochester (b. 1615) *

– Caterina Tarongí, Mallorcan Jewess burned alive by the Inquisition (b. 1646) * May 10 – John Birch (Roundhead), John Birch, British politician (b. 1615) * May 13 – William Faithorne, English artist and engraver (b. 1616) *

** John Alford (died 1691), John Alford, English politician (b. 1645) **

, Leader of the Leisler Rebellion, de facto governor of New York (b. 1640) ** Jacob Milborne, American clerk living in the Province of New York who was an ally (b. 1648) * May 18 – Sir William Talbot, 3rd Baronet, Irish judge and baronet (b. 1640) * May 23 – Adrien Auzout, French astronomer (b. 1622) * May 27 – Pierre Allemand, Canadian ships pilot, explorer, and fur-trader (b. 1662) * May 29 – Cornelis Tromp, Dutch admiral (b. 1629) * June 7 – William Jephson (died 1691), William Jephson, English Member of Parliament (b. 1640) * June 9 ** Lavater brothers, Swiss physician (b. 1611) ** Charles Maitland, 3rd Earl of Lauderdale, Scottish judge (b. 1620) * June 15 – Henry Pollexfen, English politician (b. 1632) * June 22 – Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691 (b. 1642) *

– Sir William Gardiner, 1st Baronet, Member of the Parliament of England (b. 1628) * June 26 ** Anne Chamberlyne, English sailor (b. 1667) ** John Flavel, English Presbyterian clergyman (b. 1627)

July–September

* July 3 – Marc'Antonio Pasqualini, Italian opera singer and composer (b. 1614) * July 10 – Giacinto Platania, Italian painter (b. 1612) *

** John Hamilton (Jacobite), John Hamilton, Irish military officer of Scottish descent (b. 1650) **

, French (killed at the Battle of Aughrim) (b. 1650) ** Charles Chalmot de Saint-Ruhe, French general (b. 1650) * July 16 – François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, Secretary of State for War under Louis XIV (b. 1641) * July 18 – Sir John Bowyer, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1653) * July 20 – Jacques Frémin, French missionary (b. 1626) * July 23 – Paul Barillon, French diplomat (b. 1630) * July 26 – Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, English politician (b. 1630) * July 30 – Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639) * August 1 – Marie de Hautefort, French noble (b. 1616) * August 2 – Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. 1646) * August 6 ** João Ferreira de Almeida, pastor (b. 1628) ** Mary Sackville, Countess of Dorset (1669–1691), Mary Sackville, Countess of Dorset, English countess (b. 1669) * August 7 ** Livio Mehus, Flemish painter, draughtsman and engraver (b. 1630) ** Philip Skippon (1641–1691), Philip Skippon, English politician and naturalist (b. 1641) * August 8 – François Verwilt, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1620) *

– Nicolaes van Verendael, Flemish painter (b. 1640) * August 14 – Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel, Irish rebel (b. 1630) * August 18 – François d'Alesso d'Éragny, French soldier, governor general of the French Antilles (b. 1643) * August 19 **

, Ottoman Grand Vizier (b. 1637) ** Adam Zrinski, Croatian count and military officer (b. 1662) * August 22 – Sir Ralph Delaval, 1st Baronet, English landowner and politician (b. 1622) * August 25 – Philippe Charles d'Arenberg, Duke of Arenberg (b. 1663) *

– Sir Thomas Norton, 1st Baronet, Member of the Parliament of England (b. 1615) * September 6 – William Pulteney (1624–1691), William Pulteney, Member of Parliament (b. 1624) * September 9 – Kumazawa Banzan, Japanese philosopher (b. 1619) * September 10 – Edward Pococke, English orientalist and biblical scholar (b. 1604) * September 12 – John George III, Elector of Saxony from 1680 to 1691 (b. 1647) * September 14 – William Hussey (English diplomat), William Hussey, English ambassador to the Ottoman Empire (b. 1642) * September 15 – Adam Loftus, 1st Viscount Lisburne, Irish noble (b. 1647) *

** Charles Fane, 3rd Earl of Westmorland, Member of Parliament and House of Lords (b. 1635) ** Giovanni Francesco Ginetti, nephew of Cardinal Marzio Ginetti (b. 1626) * September 19 – Sir Henry Piers, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish landowner, soldier, Member of Parliament, Sheriff and antiquarian (b. 1629) * September 28 – Johannes Fatio, Swiss surgeon (b. 1649) * September 29 – Johannes Wolfgang von Bodman, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1651) * September 30 – Catharina Hooft, wife of Cornelis de Graeff (b. 1618)

October–December

* October 4 ** Louis Abelly, Catholic bishop (b. 1604) ** Federico Baldeschi Colonna, Italian Catholic Cardinal (b. 1625) ** Francisco de Figueroa (bishop), Francisco de Figueroa, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Tropea (b. 1634) * October 5 – Paul Mignard, French painter and printmaker (b. 1639) * October 8 – Thomas Barlow (bishop), Thomas Barlow, English academic and clergyman, Provost of The Queen's College, Oxford and Bishop of Lincoln (b. 1607) * October 9 – William Sacheverell, English politician (b. 1638) * October 10 ** Isaac de Benserade, French writer (b. 1613) ** Nicholas Gassaway, Colonel, Maryland Provincial Forces (b. 1634) * October 11 – Israel Silvestre, French topographical etcher (b. 1621) * October 18 – Christian I, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg, German noble (b. 1615) * October 21 – Alexander Seton, 1st Viscount of Kingston, Scottish Royalist (b. 1620) * October 25 – George Legge, 1st Baron Dartmouth, English naval commander (b. 1647) * October 30 ** Hermann of Baden-Baden, Imperial field marshal and president of the Hofkriegsrat (b. 1628) ** Henry Maurice (theologian), Henry Maurice, Welsh priest (b. 1647) * November 7 – Pieter Cornelisz van Slingelandt, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1640) * November 14 – Tosa Mitsuoki, Japanese painter (b. 1617) * November 15 – Aelbert Cuyp, Dutch landscape painter (b. 1620) * November 18 – Sir John Brookes, 1st Baronet, Member of Parliament (b. 1635) * December – Louis de Vanens, French alchemist and poisoner (b. 1647) * December 1 ** Thomas Brand (minister), Thomas Brand, English minister (b. 1635) ** Louis Henri de Pardaillan de Gondrin, French noble (b. 1640) * December 8 ** Richard Baxter, English Puritan church leader, poet, and hymn-writer (b. 1615) ** Michel Le Clerc, French lawyer, dramatist and playwright (b. 1622) * December 15 – Hendrik van Rheede, Dutch botanist (b. 1637) * December 23 – Katherine Jones, Viscountess Ranelagh, Anglo-Irish scientist (b. 1615) * December 31 ** Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor (b. 1627) ** Dudley North (economist), Dudley North, English economist, merchant and politician (b. 1641) * ''date unknown'' ** Bárbara Coronel, Spanish stage actress (b. 1632) ** Mariyam Kaba'afa'anu Rani Kilege, queen mother and regent of the Maldives * ''probable'' – Elizabeth Polwheele, English playwright (b. c. 1651)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1691 1691,

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Deaths

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

See also

References