Hortus Palatinus und Heidelberger Schloss von Jacques Fouquiere

Events

January–March

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

(January 12, 1688 O.S.) –

Glorious Revolution The Glorious Revolution; gd, Rèabhlaid Ghlòrmhor; cy, Chwyldro Gogoneddus , also known as the ''Glorieuze Overtocht'' or ''Glorious Crossing'' in the Netherlands, is the sequence of events leading to the deposition of King James II and ...

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

: The Convention Parliament is convened to determine if King

James II of England James VII and II (14 October 1633 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Gloriou ...

, the last

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

British monarch, vacated the throne when he fled to France, at the end of

1688 Events January–March * January 2 – Fleeing from the Spanish Navy, French pirate Raveneau de Lussan and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua, sink their boats, and make a difficult 10 day march to the city of Oco ...

. The settlement of this is agreed on

8 February Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. *1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al M ...

. *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

– The first performance of the opera ''

Henrico Leone ''Henrico Leone'' (also ''Enrico Leone'') is an opera (''dramma per musica'') in three acts composed by Agostino Steffani to an Italian libretto by Ortensio Mauro. Based on the life of the powerful German prince Henry the Lion, the opera was f ...

'' composed by

Agostino Steffani Agostino Steffani (25 July 165412 February 1728) was an Italian ecclesiastic, diplomat and composer. Biography Steffani was born at Castelfranco Veneto on 25 July 1654. As a boy he was admitted as a chorister at San Marco, Venice. In 1667, ...

takes place in

Hannover Hanover (; german: Hannover ; nds, Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German States of Germany, state of Lower Saxony. Its 535,932 (2021) inhabitants make it the List of cities in Germany by population, 13th-largest city in Germa ...

to inaugurate the new royal theatre in the

Leineschloss The Leineschloss (English: Leine Palace), situated on the Leine in Hanover, Germany, is the former residence of the Hanoverian dukes, electors and kings. Currently it is the seat of the Landtag of Lower Saxony. The first building on the site w ...

. *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...

(February 13, 1688 O.S.) –

William III William III or William the Third may refer to: Kings * William III of Sicily (c. 1186–c. 1198) * William III of England and Ireland or William III of Orange or William II of Scotland (1650–1702) * William III of the Netherlands and Luxembourg ...

and

Mary II Mary II (30 April 166228 December 1694) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, William III & II, from 1689 until her death in 1694. Mary was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York, and his first wife ...

are proclaimed co-rulers of

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...

and

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

. *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his ''bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...

–

Nine Years' War The Nine Years' War (1688–1697), often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg, was a conflict between France and a European coalition which mainly included the Holy Roman Empire (led by the Habsburg monarch ...

: As French forces leave, they set fire to

Heidelberg Castle Heidelberg Castle (german: Heidelberger Schloss) is a ruin in Germany and landmark of Heidelberg. The castle ruins are among the most important Renaissance structures north of the Alps. The castle has only been partially rebuilt since its demoli ...

, and the nearby town of

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; Palatine German language, Palatine German: ''Heidlberg'') is a city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914 ...

. *

March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthelr ...

(March 12 O.S.) – Start of the

Williamite War in Ireland The Williamite War in Ireland (1688–1691; ga, Cogadh an Dá Rí, "war of the two kings"), was a conflict between Jacobite supporters of deposed monarch James II and Williamite supporters of his successor, William III. It is also called th ...

: The deposed

lands with 6,000

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

soldiers in Ireland, where there is a

Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

majority, hoping to use it as the base for a counter-coup. However, many Irish Catholics see him as an agent of

Louis XIV of France , house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of Versa ...

, and refuse to support him. *

March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and Interdict (Catholic canon law), interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. ...

– Japanese

haiku is a type of short form poetry originally from Japan. Traditional Japanese haiku consist of three phrases that contain a ''kireji'', or "cutting word", 17 '' on'' (phonetic units similar to syllables) in a 5, 7, 5 pattern, and a ''kigo'', or se ...

master Bashō sets out on his last great voyage, which will result in the prose and verse classic ''

Oku no Hosomichi ''Oku no Hosomichi'' (, originally ), translated as ''The Narrow Road to the Deep North'' and ''The Narrow Road to the Interior'', is a major work of ''haibun'' by the Japanese poet Matsuo Bashō, considered one of the major texts of Japanese l ...

'' ("Narrow Road to the Interior").

April–June

April 4 Events Pre-1600 * 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines. * 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. * 611 – ...

– A total

lunar eclipse A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow. Such alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six months, during the full moon phase, when the Moon's orbital plane is closest to the plane of the Earth ...

is visible in central Asia. *

April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. * 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. * 1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...

(O.S.) –

and

are crowned in London as King and Queen of

and

. Ireland does not recognise them yet, while the

Estates of Scotland The Parliament of Scotland ( sco, Pairlament o Scotland; gd, Pàrlamaid na h-Alba) was the legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland from the 13th century until 1707. The parliament evolved during the early 13th century from the king's council of ...

declare King

James VII of Scotland James VII and II (14 October 1633 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Glorious Re ...

deposed. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...

Boston revolt The 1689 Boston revolt was a popular uprising on April 18, 1689, against the rule of Sir Edmund Andros, the governor of the Dominion of New England. A well-organized "mob" of provincial militia and citizens formed in the town of Boston, the cap ...

: Unpopular

New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...

Governor Sir

Edmund Andros Sir Edmund Andros (6 December 1637 – 24 February 1714) was an English colonial administrator in British America. He was the governor of the Dominion of New England during most of its three-year existence. At other times, Andros served ...

and other officials are overthrown by a "mob" of

Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...

ians. Andros, an appointee of

, is disliked for his support of the

Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain ...

, and revocation of various colonial charters. ** The

Siege of Derry The siege of Derry in 1689 was the first major event in the Williamite War in Ireland. The siege was preceded by a first attempt against the town by Jacobite forces on 7 December 1688 that was foiled when 13 apprentices shut the gates ...

begins in Ireland as former King James II arrives at the gates of

Derry Derry, officially Londonderry (), is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fifth-largest city on the island of Ireland. The name ''Derry'' is an anglicisation of the Old Irish name (modern Irish: ) meaning 'oak grove'. The ...

and asks for its surrender during the Williamite War in Ireland. The

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

defenders refuse and the siege lasts until August 1 when it is abandoned. . *

May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...

(May 1 O.S.) – **The

Battle of Bantry Bay The Battle of Bantry Bay was a naval engagement fought on 11 May 1689, a week before the declaration of the Nine Years' War. The English fleet was commanded by Admiral Arthur Herbert, created Earl of Torrington after the Battle; the French fl ...

begins during the Williamite War in Ireland as the French fleet under the Marquis de Châteaurenault is able to protect its transports, unloading supplies for James II, from the English

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...

under the

Earl of Torrington The title of Earl of Torrington was created twice in the Peerage of England. The first creation was in 1660 as a subsidiary title of the Duke of Albemarle. Following the extinction of this title in 1688, the title was created anew in 1689, but b ...

, and withdraws unpursued. **William and Mary accept the Scottish throne a month after the Scottish Parliament votes to depose King James VII *

May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...

–

: With England and the Netherlands now both ruled by

, they join the

Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg) The Grand Alliance was the anti-French coalition formed on 20 December 1689 between the Dutch Republic, England and the Holy Roman Empire. It was signed by the two leading opponents of France: William III, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and ( ...

, thus escalating the conflict, which continues until

1697 Events January–March * January 8 – Thomas Aikenhead is hanged outside Edinburgh, becoming the last person in Great Britain to be executed for blasphemy. * January 11 – French writer Charles Perrault releases the book ''Histoires ou ...

. This is also the effective beginning of

King William's War King William's War (also known as the Second Indian War, Father Baudoin's War, Castin's War, or the First Intercolonial War in French) was the North American theater of the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), also known as the War of the Grand All ...

, the first of four North American Wars (until

1763 Events January–March * January 27 – The seat of colonial administration in the Viceroyalty of Brazil is moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. * February 1 – The Royal Colony of North Carolina officially creates Meck ...

) between English and French colonists, both sides allied to Native American tribes. The nature of the fighting is a series of raids on each other's settlements, across the Canadian and

borders. *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

– The

Bill of Rights A bill of rights, sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights, is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country. The purpose is to protect those rights against infringement from public officials and pri ...

establishes

constitutional monarchy A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. Constitutional monarchies dif ...

in England, but with Roman Catholics barred from the throne. Parliament also passes the Act of Toleration, protecting

Protestants Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...

but with

Roman Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

intentionally excluded. This effectively concludes the

. *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...

– The last

hearth tax A hearth tax was a property tax in certain countries during the medieval and early modern period, levied on each hearth, thus by proxy on wealth. It was calculated based on the number of hearths, or fireplaces, within a municipal area and is cons ...

is collected in

England and Wales England and Wales () is one of the three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom. It covers the constituent countries England and Wales and was formed by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. The substantive law of the jurisdiction is Eng ...

. *

May 31 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome. * 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...

–

Leisler's Rebellion Leisler's Rebellion was an uprising in late-17th century colonial New York The Province of New York (1664–1776) was a British proprietary colony and later royal colony on the northeast coast of North America. As one of the Middle Coloni ...

Calvinist Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Ca ...

Jacob Leisler Jacob Leisler ( – May 16, 1691) was a German-born colonist who served as a politician in the Province of New York. He gained wealth in New Amsterdam (later New York City) in the fur trade and tobacco business. In what became known as Leisler's ...

deposes lieutenant governor

Francis Nicholson Lieutenant-General Francis Nicholson (12 November 1655 – ) was a British Army general and colonial official who served as the Governor of South Carolina from 1721 to 1725. He previously was the Governor of Nova Scotia from 1712 to 1715, the ...

and assumes control of the

Province of New York The Province of New York (1664–1776) was a British proprietary colony and later royal colony on the northeast coast of North America. As one of the Middle Colonies, New York achieved independence and worked with the others to found the Uni ...

. *

June 5 Events Pre-1600 *1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights. *1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...

– The

Convention of Estates The Convention of Estates of Scotland was a sister institution to the Scottish Parliament which sat from the early sixteenth century. Initially it was only attended by the clergy and nobles, but the burgh commissioners were later added. The Conven ...

adjourns in Scotland after 11 weeks and its members form a new Scottish parliament. *

June 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. *1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...

– The

Duke of Gordon The title Duke of Gordon has been created once in the Peerage of Scotland and again in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The Dukedom, named after the Clan Gordon, was first created for the 4th Marquess of Huntly, who on 3 November 1684 was c ...

, a Scottish peer and Jacobite supporter, surrenders

Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Castle is a historic castle in Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland. It stands on Castle Rock (Edinburgh), Castle Rock, which has been occupied by humans since at least the Iron Age, although the nature of the early settlement is unclear. ...

to Protestant attackers after holding out for 20 days following the

July–September

July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...

– The

Council of Wales and the Marches The Court of the Council in the Dominion and Principality of Wales, and the Marches of the same, commonly called the Council of Wales and the Marches () or the Council of the Marches, was a regional administrative body based in Ludlow Castle wi ...

is abolished. *

July 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, somewhere north of the Firth of Forth. * 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Ste ...

– First Jacobite rising:

Battle of Killiecrankie The Battle of Killiecrankie ( gd, Blàr Choille Chnagaidh), also referred to as the Battle of Rinrory, took place on 27 July 1689 during the 1689 Scottish Jacobite rising. An outnumbered Jacobite force under John Graham, Viscount Dundee and S ...

near

Pitlochry Pitlochry (; gd, Baile Chloichridh or ) is a town in the Perth and Kinross council area of Scotland, lying on the River Tummel. It is historically in the county of Perthshire, and has a population of 2,776, according to the 2011 census.Scotla ...

Perthshire Perthshire (locally: ; gd, Siorrachd Pheairt), officially the County of Perth, is a historic county and registration county in central Scotland. Geographically it extends from Strathmore in the east, to the Pass of Drumochter in the north, ...

– Scottish

Covenanter Covenanters ( gd, Cùmhnantaich) were members of a 17th-century Scottish religious and political movement, who supported a Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and the primacy of its leaders in religious affairs. The name is derived from ''Covenan ...

supporters of

and

(under Hugh Mackay) are defeated by Jacobite supporters of James II, but the latter's leader,

John Graham, Viscount Dundee John Graham, 7th of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee (21 July 1648 – 27 July 1689) was a Scottish soldier and nobleman, a Tory and an Episcopalian. He was responsible for policing southwest Scotland during and after the religious unrest and r ...

, is killed.

Hand grenade A grenade is an explosive weapon typically thrown by hand (also called hand grenade), but can also refer to a shell (explosive projectile) shot from the muzzle of a rifle (as a rifle grenade) or a grenade launcher. A modern hand grenade genera ...

s are used in action. *

July 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. * 1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day his former Chancellor, T ...

– English sailors break through a floating boom across the

River Foyle The River Foyle () is a river in west Ulster in the northwest of the island of Ireland, which flows from the confluence of the rivers Finn and Mourne at the towns of Lifford in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland, and Strabane in County Ty ...

, to end the

siege of Derry The siege of Derry in 1689 was the first major event in the Williamite War in Ireland. The siege was preceded by a first attempt against the town by Jacobite forces on 7 December 1688 that was foiled when 13 apprentices shut the gates ...

after 105 days. *

August 2 Events Pre-1600 *338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean. *216 BC – The Carthaginian arm ...

–

Boston Revolt The 1689 Boston revolt was a popular uprising on April 18, 1689, against the rule of Sir Edmund Andros, the governor of the Dominion of New England. A well-organized "mob" of provincial militia and citizens formed in the town of Boston, the cap ...

, former governor of the

Dominion of New England The Dominion of New England in America (1686–1689) was an administrative union of English colonies covering New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies (except for Delaware Colony and the Province of Pennsylvania). Its political structure represe ...

, escapes from Boston to

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its cap ...

, but is recaptured. *

August 5 Events Pre-1600 *AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty. * 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...

–

Beaver Wars The Beaver Wars ( moh, Tsianì kayonkwere), also known as the Iroquois Wars or the French and Iroquois Wars (french: Guerres franco-iroquoises) were a series of conflicts fought intermittently during the 17th century in North America throughout t ...

Lachine massacre The Lachine massacre, part of the Beaver Wars, occurred when 1,500 Mohawk warriors launched a surprise attack against the small (375 inhabitants) settlement of Lachine, New France, at the upper end of Montreal Island, on the morning of August 5, ...

– A force of 1,500

Iroquois The Iroquois ( or ), officially the Haudenosaunee ( meaning "people of the longhouse"), are an Iroquoian-speaking confederacy of First Nations peoples in northeast North America/ Turtle Island. They were known during the colonial years to ...

largely destroys the village of Lachine,

New France New France (french: Nouvelle-France) was the area colonized by France in North America, beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spai ...

. *

August 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade. * 1121 – Ba ...

–

Innocent XI Pope Innocent XI ( la, Innocentius XI; it, Innocenzo XI; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 September 1676 to his death on August 12, 1689. Poli ...

(Benedetto Odescalchi, b. 1611), Pope since

1676 Events January–March * January 29 – Feodor III of Russia, Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia. * January 31 – Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, the oldest institution of higher education in Central America, is fo ...

, dies. He played a major part in founding both the League of Augsburg, against Louis XIV, and the Holy League, against the Ottoman Empire. *

August 20 Events Pre-1600 *AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile. * 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arabs, Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take c ...

– A large

Williamite A Williamite was a follower of King William III of England (r. 1689–1702) who deposed King James II and VII in the Glorious Revolution. William, the Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, replaced James with the support of English Whigs. One ...

force under

Marshal Schomberg Friedrich Hermann von Schönberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg, 1st Count of Mertola, (french: Frédéric-Armand; pt, Armando Frederico; 6 December 1615 – 1 July 1690) was a Marshal of France and a General in the English and Portuguese Army. He was ...

begins the

siege of Carrickfergus The siege of Carrickfergus took place in August 1689 when a force of Williamite troops under Marshal Schomberg landed and laid siege to the Jacobite garrison of Carrickfergus in Ireland. After a week the Jacobites surrendered, and were allowe ...

in the north of Ireland, which surrenders on August 27. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

– First Jacobite rising:

Battle of Dunkeld The Battle of Dunkeld ( gd, Blàr Dhùn Chaillinn) was fought between Jacobite clans supporting the deposed king James VII of Scotland and a regiment of covenanters supporting William of Orange, King of Scotland, in the streets around Dunke ...

– Covenanters defeat the Jacobites in Scotland. *

August 23 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Caesar ...

– **Roman Catholic cardinals convene in Rome for a

papal conclave A papal conclave is a gathering of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop of Rome, also known as the pope. Catholics consider the pope to be the Apostolic succession, apostolic successor of Saint ...

to elect a successor to Pope Innocent XI. The conclave lasts until October 6. **Gravely ill, the

Empress Xiaoyiren Empress Xiaoyiren (died 24 August 1689), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Tunggiya clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and third empress consort of Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor. She was Empress consort of Qing in 1689. Life Fa ...

is proclaimed empress by her husband, China's

Emperor Kangxi The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654– 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, born Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1 ...

, after having been Imperial Noble Consort since 1682. She dies the next day. *

August 27 Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days. * 1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England. * 1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the K ...

–

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

and

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

sign the

Treaty of Nerchinsk The Treaty of Nerchinsk () of 1689 was the first treaty between the Tsardom of Russia and the Qing dynasty of China. The Russians gave up the area north of the Amur River as far as the Stanovoy Range and kept the area between the Argun River ...

. *

September 8 Events Pre-1600 * 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty. * 1100 – Election of Antipope Theodor ...

– The Siege of

Mainz Mainz () is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Mainz is on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite to the place that the Main (river), Main joins the Rhine. Downstream of the confluence, the Rhine flows to the north-we ...

(in the modern-day Rheinland-Pfalz state of Germany), which had started on June 1, ends after almost three months, as French General

Nicolas Chalon du Blé Nicolas Chalon du Blé, marquis d'Uxelles and Cormatin (24 January 1652 – 10 April 1730) was a French general and Foreign Minister. He was also created a knight and Marshal of France by Louis XIV, and was a diplomat for Louis XIV and Philippe II ...

surrenders the walled city to the armies of Austria and the Dutch Republic. *

September 9 Events Pre-1600 * 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti. *1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. * 1141 – ...

– King William brings England into a military alliance with the Holy Roman Empire in a fight against France in the

Nine Years War The Nine Years' War (1688–1697), often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg, was a conflict between France and a European coalition which mainly included the Holy Roman Empire (led by the Habsburg monarch ...

. *

September 24 Events Pre-1600 *787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia. *1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...

– The Holy Roman Empire wins the Battle of Niš (1689), Battle of Niš, fought against the Ottoman Empire during the Great Turkish War in modern-day Serbia. * September 28 and 29 – A total

is visible in eastern America, western Europe and west Africa.

October–December

* October 6 – The papal conclave in Rome unanimously elects Pietro Vito Ottoboni as the new Pope. Ottoboni takes the name Pope Alexander VIII, Alexander VIII and succeeds Pope Innocent XI, to become the 241st pope, the first Venetian to hold the office in over 200 years. * October 26 – Skopje fire of 1689 occurs, lasting for two days and burning much of the city. * November 11 – The Siege of Larache (1689), Siege of Larache in Morocco ends when the Spanish troops surrender to Mawlay Ismail and the Moroccan forces. * November 22 – Peter the Great decrees the construction of the Great Siberian Road to China. * December 10 – A great comet is visible from Beijing, Pekin and sightings continue until December 24th, including many sightings from Dutch ships near the equator. * December 16 – Convention Parliament – The English

is officially declared in force. * December 22 – A serious earthquake strikes Innsbruck, Austria.

Date unknown

* Peter the Great plots to overthrow his half-sister Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia, Sophia as regent of Russia. * Supporters of William III of England, William of Orange seize Liverpool Castle in the north west of England. * The English East India Company expands its influence, and a Committee of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons is formed to deal with the concerns of the Company. * Johann Weikhard von Valvasor, Valvasor's ''The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola'' is printed in Nuremberg. * The first documented performance of the opera ''Dido and Aeneas'' by Henry Purcell takes place at Josias Priest's girls' school in Chelsea, London, with a libretto based on the ''Aeneid by Virgil. *

suffers a smallpox epidemic.

Births

Pierre-Joseph_Alary_-_Versailles_MV_2971

Gobert, attributed - Marie Anne de Bourbon, Princess of Condé - Versailles, MV3758

Benzelius, Henric ur 427 porträtter af namnkunniga svenske män och fruntimmer (1847)

Frans_van_Mieris_(II),_by_Jacob_Houbraken

January

* January 7 – Robert Murray (British Army officer, born 1689), Robert Murray, Brigadier-General, Scottish soldier, Member of Parliament (d. 1738) * January 11 – Charles Parkin, English clergyman and antiquarian (d. 1765) * January 15 – Giovanni Gaetano Bottari, Italian scholar and critic (d. 1775) * January 16 – Edmond Jean François Barbier, French historian (d. 1771) * January 18 ** Montesquieu, French social commentator and political thinker (d. 1755) ** Jan Abel Wassenbergh, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1750) * January 21 – Daniel Henchman (publisher), Daniel Henchman, bookseller (d. 1761) *

– Philibert Orry, French politician (d. 1747) * January 23 – Joseph Ames (author), Joseph Ames, English bibliographer and antiquary (d. 1759) * January 24 – Gaspare Diziani, Italian painter (d. 1767) * January 29 – James Rait, Bishop of Brechin (d. 1777)

February

* February 1 – Thomas Jenner (theologian), Thomas Jenner, English academic (d. 1768) * February 3 – Blas de Lezo, admiral of the Spanish Empire (d. 1741) *

– Leonardo Antonio Olivieri, Italian painter (d. 1752) * c.

– Samuel Bellamy, English pirate captain (d. 1717) * February 27 ** Pietro Gnocchi, Italian composer (d. 1775) ** John Roosevelt (politician), John Roosevelt, American businessman and alderman (d. 1750) ** Maximilian Emanuel of Württemberg-Winnental, German noble (d. 1709)

March

* March 3 – Thomas Ingoldsby (politician), Thomas Ingoldsby, British politician (d. 1768) * March 7 – Charles-Michel Mesaiger, Jesuit priest (d. 1766) * March 11 ** Roger Handasyd, British Army officer (d.

) ** Nanbu Toshimoto, mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, the 6th daimyō of Morioka Domain (d. 1725) * March 19 – Pierre-Joseph Alary, French ecclesiastic and writer (d. 1770) * March 20 – Thomas Robie, Colonial American scientist and physician (d. 1729) * March 25 – Peder Hersleb, Norwegian bishop (d. 1757) * March 26 – Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria (1689–1743), Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria, Austrian Royal (d. 1743)

April

* April 2 – Arthur Dobbs, Irish politician, governor of the Province of North Carolina (d. 1765) * April 5 – William Holmes (academic), William Holmes, English academic and Dean of Exeter (d. 1748) * April 14 – William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine, Scottish army officer and Jacobite leader (d. 1746) * April 15 – Richard Ward (governor), Richard Ward, American colonial governor (d.

) *

– Marie Anne de Bourbon (1689–1720), Marie Anne de Bourbon, French noble (d. 1720) * April 21 – Johann Jakob Fried, German obstetrician (d. 1769) * April 24 – Giovanni Antonio Faldoni, Italian painter and engraver (d. 1770) * April 30 – Jean-Jacques Amelot de Chaillou, French politician (d. 1749)

May

* May 1 – Martha Fowke, English poet (d. 1736) * May 2 – Franz de Paula Ferg, Austrian painter (d. 1740) * May 5 – John Tufts (music educator), John Tufts, American minister and music educator (d. 1750) * May 10 – José Manso de Velasco, 1st Count of Superunda, Royal Governor of Chile (d. 1767) *

– Heinrich Karl Ludwig de Herault, Prussian Army general (d. 1757) * May 15 – Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, writer and poet from England (d. 1762) * May 16 – Samuel Adams Sr., American brewer (d. 1748) * May 21 – André-François Deslandes, French philosopher (d. 1757) *

– Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, British politician (d. 1769) * May 27 – Andreas Jakob von Dietrichstein, Archbishop of Salzburg (d. 1753) * May 28 – Maximilian of Hesse-Kassel, German prince (d. 1753) * May 29 – Louis de Gramont, 6th Duke of Gramont, French general (d. 1745)

June

* June 1 – Henri François, comte de Ségur, French general (d. 1751) * June 2 – Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, British politician, bibliophile, collector and patron of the arts (d. 1741) * June 6 – Algernon Coote, 6th Earl of Mountrath, Irish politician (d. 1744) * June 7 – Antoine Louis Rouillé, French noble (d. 1761) * June 12 – Sir Richard Grosvenor, 4th Baronet, British politician; (d. 1732) * June 19 – Montague Blundell, 1st Viscount Blundell, Irish Viscount (d. 1756) * June 23 – George Hay, 8th Earl of Kinnoull, British diplomat (d. 1758) * June 24 – Giovanni Casini, Portrait painter and sculptor (d. 1748) * June 26 ** Edward Holyoke, American academic administrator, 9th president of Harvard (d. 1769) ** James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater, English noble (d. 1716)

July

* July 6 – Johann Friedrich Karl von Ostein, Roman Catholic archbishop (d.

) * July 9 – Alexis Piron, French writer (d. 1773) * July 14 – Antoine Gaubil, French missionary (d. 1759) * July 15 – Mary Montagu, Duchess of Montagu (1689–1751), Mary Montagu, Duchess of Montagu (d. 1751) * July 16 – Samuel Molyneux, Irish politician (d. 1728) * July 17 – Christian, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried-Rheinfels (d. 1755) * July 21 – John Quincy, American soldier and politician (d. 1767) * July 22 – Szymon Czechowicz, Polish artist (d. 1775) * July 24 – Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, son of Queen Anne (d. 1700) * July 26 – Maria Anna Josepha Althann, Spanish noble (d. 1755)

August

* August 1 – Pedro de Calatayud, writer (d. 1773) * August 3 – Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny, Marshal of France (d. 1778) * August 4 – James Cotter the Younger, Leader of the Catholics of Cork (d. 1720) * August 7 – Henric Benzelius, Swedish archbishop (d. 1758) * August 8 – Wenzel Lorenz Reiner, Czech painter (d. 1743) * August 19 – Samuel Richardson, English writer and printer (d. 1761) *

– Josep Prades i Gallent, Organist and composer (d. 1757)

September

* September 1 ** Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer, Czech architect (d. 1751) ** Philipp Segesser, Swiss missionary (d. 1762) * September 4 ** Hugh Bethell (died 1747), Hugh Bethell, British Member of Parliament (d. 1747) ** Thomas Lawrence (mayor), Thomas Lawrence, American mayor (d. 1754) ** Anna Sophie Schack, Danish noblewoman (d. 1760) * September 13 – Johan Fredrik Peringskiöld, Swedish translator (d. 1725) * September 17 – Ferdinand Charles, comte d'Aspremont-Lynden, army general (d. 1772) * September 18 – Gabriel Malagrida, Italian missionary (d. 1761) * September 21 – Jan Klemens Branicki, Polish noble (d. 1771) * September 22 – Catharina Backer, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1766) * September 23 – Antonio Denzio, Italian opera singer (d.

) *

– Johann Adam Steinmetz, German pastor (d. 1762) * September 26 – Nijō Yoshitada, Japanese noble (d. 1737) * September 27 – Edward Stanley, 11th Earl of Derby, English noble and politician (d. 1776) * September 29 – Henry Perrot, British Member of Parliament (d. 1740) * September 30 – Jacques Aubert, French composer and violinist (d. 1753)

October

* October 10 – Francesco Maria Pratilli, Italian priest, antiquarian, famed for skilled forgeries (d.

) * October 15 – Nicolas-Ignace de Beaubois, French missionary (d. 1770) * October 22 ** King John V of Portugal, Portuguese king (d. 1750) ** Matthew Skinner, English serjeant-at-law, judge and politician (d. 1749) * October 29 – Tokugawa Yoshimichi, daimyo (d. 1713) * October 31 – Mildmay Fane, British politician (d. 1715)

November

* November 2 ** Michael Cox (archbishop of Cashel), Michael Cox, Anglican archbishop in Ireland (d. 1779) ** Charles-François Panard, French chansonnier and poet (d. 1765) ** Joan Paul Schaghen, Dutch governor (d. 1746) * November 3 ** Jan Josef Ignác Brentner, Czech composer (d. 1742) ** John Crowley (1659–1728), John Crowley, British Member of Parliament (d. 1728) * November 4 – Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal, Portuguese nobleman and statesman (d. 1742) * November 6 ** Reynolds Calthorpe (1689–1714), Reynolds Calthorpe, politician (d. 1714) ** Christoph Schütz, German theologian (d. 1750) * November 8 – Henry XXXV, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (d. 1758) * November 17 – Jean François Foppens, Flemish historian (d. 1761) * November 21 – Jacques I, Prince of Monaco, Prince consort of Monaco (d. 1751) * November 29 – Johann Theodor Eller, German chemist and physician (d. 1760) * November 30 ** Lars Gathenhielm, Swedish privateer (d. 1718) ** Joseph Wamps, French painter (d. 1744)

December

* December 1 – Hieronymus Albrecht Hass, harpsichord maker (d. 1752) * December 4 – Gottfried Lengnich, historian and politician (d. 1774) * December 8 – Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Titular margrave of Brandenburg, imperial general (d. 1734) * December 11 – Ignatius van der Beken, Flemish painter (d. 1774) * December 14 – Agostino Veracini, Italian painter (d. 1762) * December 21 – Arthur Ingram, 6th Viscount of Irvine, British peer and politician (d. 1736) * December 23 – Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, French composer (d. 1755) * December 24 – Frans van Mieris the Younger, Dutch painter (d.

) * December 27 – Jacob August Franckenstein, Encyclopedia editor, professor (d. 1733)

Deaths

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Johannes_Priwitzer_Conyers_Darcy_1st_Earl_of_Holderness

January

* January 6 ** Cristoforo Ivanovich, Venetian historian and librettist of Serb origin (b. 1628) ** Bishop Seth Ward (bishop of Salisbury), Seth Ward, Bishop of Salisbury, mathematician and astronomer (b. 1617) * January 9 – Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 4th Baronet, English politician (b. 1632) * January 16 – Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare, English politician (b. 1633) * January 18 ** Ernest Günther I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (b. 1609) ** Humphrey Lloyd (bishop), Humphrey Lloyd, British bishop (b. 1610) * January 24 – Henry Waldegrave, 1st Baron Waldegrave, English peer and Jacobite supporter (b. 1661) * January 27 ** Robert Aske (merchant), Robert Aske, merchant & haberdasher in the City of London (b. 1619) ** Sir Henry Beaumont, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1638) ** Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper, English noble and colonial governor of Virginia (b. 1635) * January 28 – Bernardino Corniani, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Pula (b. 1626) * January 29 – Maria van Cortlandt van Rensselaer, Dutch director of Rensselaerswyck (Albany, New York) (b. 1645) * January 31 – Manuel de Herrera, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Durango (b. 1635)

February

* February 1 – Sir John Borlase, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1642) * February 4 – Moshe ben Yonatan Galante, Ottoman rabbi (b. 1621) * February 5 – William Coddington Jr., Rhode Island colonial governor (b. 1651) * February 6 – Metcalfe Robinson, English politician (b. 1629) * February 8 – Sir John Gell, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1613) * February 12 – Marie Louise d'Orléans, Queen of Spain as the wife of King Charles II (b. 1662) * February 13 – Carlo Pio di Savoia, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1622) * February 18 – Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma, Spanish politician and military personnel (b. 1635) * February 19 – Khushal Khattak, Afghan poet (b. 1613) * February 21 – Isaac Vossius, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1618) * February 22 – Willem Ogier, Flemish playwright (b. 1618) * February 24 – Elsa Elisabeth Brahe, Swedish countess and duchess (b. 1632) * February 28 – Thomas Benedict, American settler (b. 1617)

March

* March 7 – Franz Johann von Vogt von Altensumerau und Prasberg, Bishop of Constance (b. 1611) * March 8 – Alexander Parker (Quaker), Alexander Parker, British minister (b. 1628) * March 9 – François Adhémar de Monteil, French priest, Bishop of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux (b. 1603) * March 10 – Philip Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (b. 1620) * March 11 ** Kim Ik-hun, Korean General and philosopher, solder, politician (b. 1619) ** Sambhaji, High Protector of the Maratha Empire (b. 1657) * March 14 – Anthony Coucheron, Norwegian engineer (b. 1650) * March 15 – Yolo (prince), Yolo, Qing dynasty prince (b. 1625) * March 18 – John Dixwell, regicide (b. 1607) * March 24 ** Thomas Ballard, American politician (b. 1630) ** Michiel ten Hove, Grand Pensionary of Holland (b. 1640) * March 26 – Gabriel Milan, Governor of the Danish West Indies (b. 1631) * March 29 – Sir John Hotham, 2nd Baronet, Member of the House of Commons of England (b. 1632) * March 30 – Kazimierz Łyszczyński, Polish philosopher (b. 1634) * March 31 – Tommaso Caracciolo (bishop of Gerace), Tommaso Caracciolo, Bishop of Gerace (b. 1640)

April

– Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria, youngest surviving daughter of Ferdinand III (b. 1654) * April 12 – John Hunting (settler), John Hunting, first ruling elder of the church of Dedham, Massachusetts (b. 1602) * April 14 – Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna, Italian noble (b. 1637) * April 16 – Aphra Behn, British playwright, poet and spy (b. 1640) *

– George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, Welsh judge, aka the Hanging Judge (b. 1645) * April 19 – Christina, Queen of Sweden, ruled from 1632 until abdication in 1654 (b. 1626) * April 22 – Thomas Proby, English politician (b. 1632)

May

– Charles Goodall (poet), Charles Goodall, English poet (b. 1671) *

– Sir John Reresby, 2nd Baronet, English politician and diarist (b. 1634) * May 15 – Jean Paul Médaille, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1618) * May 20 – Estevão Brioso de Figueiredo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Funchal of Olinda (b. 1630) * May 23 – Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar, Scottish noble (b. 1650) *

– Charles Errard, French painter (b. 1606)

June

* June 4 – René Gaultier de Varennes, New France governor (b. 1635) * June 7 – Alphonse de Berghes, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1624) * June 8 – Decio Azzolino, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1623) * June 9 – François Bonnemer, French painter and engraver (b. 1638) * June 10 – Christophe Veyrier, sculptor (b. 1637) * June 13 – William Annand (minister), William Annand, Minister of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England (b. 1633) *

– Conyers Darcy, 1st Earl of Holderness, English noble (b. 1598) * June 17 ** Jan Baptist de Crépu, Flemish painter and army officer (b. 1631) ** Marcin Zamoyski, Polish noble (b. 1637) * June 20 ** Willem Coucheron, Dutch general in the Dano-Norwegian army (b. 1600) ** Richard Sherlock (priest), Richard Sherlock, English Anglican priest (b. 1612) * June 21 – Thomas Blanchet, French painter (b. 1614) * June 25 – William Thomas (bishop of Worcester), William Thomas, Welsh Anglican bishop (b. 1613) * June 27 – Richard Waldron, colonial settler, acting President of the Province of New Hampshire (b. 1615) * June 28 – Thomas Mainwaring, English politician (b. 1623)

July

* July 1 – Anne Crawford-Lindsay, Scottish nobility (b. 1631) * July 2 – Edward Villiers (1620–1689), Edward Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham (b. 1620) * July 7 – Princess Louise of Savoy, Hereditary Princess of Baden-Baden (b. 1627) * July 8 ** Menahem Mendel Auerbach, Austrian banker and rabbi (b. 1620) ** Edward Wooster, English Connecticut pioneer (b. 1622) * July 19 – Song Si-yeol, Korean philosopher (b. 1607) * July 23 – Frederick Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg, German noble (b. 1665) *

– John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general (b. 1648)

August

* August 6 – Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Electress of Brandenburg (b. 1636) * August 9 – Dionisio Lazzari, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1617) *

– Pope Innocent XI, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1611) * August 13 – Count Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (b. 1636) * August 15 – John Gregory (settler), John Gregory, Connecticut settler (b. 1612) * August 17 ** William Boynton, English politician (b. 1641) ** Thomas Street (astronomer), Thomas Street, astronomer (b. 1621) *

– Antonio Marinari, Roman Catholic prelate, Auxiliary Bishop of Ostia-Velletri, Titular Bishop of Thagaste (b. 1605) *

– William Cleland (poet), William Cleland, Scottish poet and soldier (b. c. 1661) * August 28 ** Claude-Jean Allouez, French Jesuit missionary and explorer of North America (b. 1622) ** Alexander Coosemans, Flemish still life painter (b. 1627) * August 29 – Curwen Rawlinson (MP), Curwen Rawlinson, English politician (b. 1641) * August 30 – John Lake (bishop), John Lake, English bishop (b. 1624)

September

* September 6 – Torii Tadanori, Daimyo who ruled the Takatō Domain in Shinano Province (b. 1646) *

– Jane Lane, Lady Fisher, English Royalist (b. 1626) * September 10 – John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse, English politician and noble (b. 1614) * September 13 – Ciro Ferri, Italian painter, engraver, sculptor and architect (b. 1634) * September 15 ** Balthasar Cellarius, German theologian (b. 1614) ** Timoléon Cheminais de Montaigu, French theologian (b. 1652) * September 18 – Sir Richard Head, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1600) * September 26 – August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1652) * September 30 – Julius Francis, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, Bohemian noble (b. 1641)

October

* October 1 – Alexander Voet the Elder, Flemish engraver (b. 1608) * October 4 – Quirinus Kuhlmann, German Baroque poet and mystic (b. 1651) * October 11 – Fyodor Shaklovity, Russian diplomat (b. 1640) * October 13 – George Ent, English scientist and physician; (b. 1604) * October 14 – Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, Swedish prince (b. 1629) * October 15 – Sir Edward Dering, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1650) * October 24 – Stephan Farffler, German inventor (b. 1633) * October 25 – Joseph Maynard, English politician (b. 1639) * October 30 – Pier Antonio Capobianco, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Lacedonia (b. 1619)

November

* November 9 – Enea Silvio Piccolomini (general), Enea Silvio Piccolomini, imperial general (b. 1651) * November 12 – Justus de Verwer, Dutch painter and illustrator (b. 1625) * November 13 ** Matteo Borboni, Italian painter (b. 1610) ** Philipp von Zesen, German poet (b. 1619) * November 16 – Cornelis Mahu, Flemish painter (b. 1613) * November 18 – Jacob van der Ulft, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1621) * November 19 – Elizabeth Cavendish, Countess of Devonshire, English noblewoman; (b. 1619) * November 20 – Samuel Peterson, American city founder (b. 1639) * November 24 – Carey Dillon, 5th Earl of Roscommon, Irish nobleman and professional soldier (b. 1627) * November 26 – Marquard Gude, German archaeologist (b. 1635)

December

* December 2 – George Speke, English politician (b. 1623) * December 6 – Pjetër Bogdani, Albanian priest and writer (b. c. 1630) * December 12 – Louis Ferdinand Elle the Elder, French painter (b. 1612) * December 15 – Anne Neville (abbess), Anne Neville, abbess of Pontoise (b. 1605) * December 16 ** Cornelis Geelvinck, Dutch mayor (b. 1621) ** Thomas Wyndham (of Witham Friary), Thomas Wyndham, English Member of Parliament (b. 1640) * December 25 – Oliver Montagu, English Member of Parliament (b. 1655) * December 27 – Gervase Bryan, English clergyman (b. 1622) * December 28 – Pietro Montanini, Italian painter (b. 1626) * December 29 ** Olfert Dapper, Dutch physician and writer (b. 1636) ** George Kinnaird, 1st Lord Kinnaird, Scottish aristocrat (b. 1622) ** Françoise Bertaut de Motteville, French writer (b. 1621) ** Thomas Sydenham, English physician (b. 1624) * December 31 ** Felipe Fernandez de Pardo, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Manila (b. 1611) ** Gilbert de Choiseul Duplessis Praslin, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1613) ** Anders Sinclair, Scottish soldier who joined Swedish service during the Thirty Years' War (b. 1614)

References

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