Events from the year
1680
Events
January–March
* January 2 – King Amangkurat II of Mataram (located on the island of Java, part of modern-day Indonesia), invites Trunajaya, who had led a failed rebellion against him until his surrender on December ...
in
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
.
Incumbents
*
Monarch
A monarch is a head of stateWebster's II New College DictionarMonarch Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power i ...
–
Charles II
*
Parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...
–
Exclusion Bill
The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 until 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. Three Exclusion bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Sco ...
(starting 21 October)
Events
* 24 January –
William Harris William or Will or Willie Harris may refer to:
Politicians and political activists
*William Harris (born 1504) (1504–?), MP for Newport, Cornwall
*William Harris (died 1556), MP for Maldon (UK Parliament constituency), Maldon
*William Harris (MP ...
, one of the four English
Puritans
The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant. ...
who established the
Plymouth Colony
Plymouth Colony (sometimes Plimouth) was, from 1620 to 1691, the first permanent English colony in New England and the second permanent English colony in North America, after the Jamestown Colony. It was first settled by the passengers on the ...
and then the
Providence Plantations
Providence Plantations was the first permanent European American settlement in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. It was established by a group of colonists led by Roger Williams and Dr. John Clarke who left Massachusetts Bay ...
at
Rhode Island
Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh-least populous, with slightly fewer than 1.1 million residents as of 2020, but it ...
in 1636, is captured by Algerian pirates when his ship is boarded while he is making a voyage back to England. After being sold into slavery on 23 February, he remains a slave until ransom is paid. He dies in 1681, three days after his return to England.
* February – Rev.
Ralph Davenant
Reverend Ralph Davenant founded Davenant Foundation School in February 1680, when he left £100 in his will to start up a school for 40 poor boys of Whitechapel, London.
1492-1680 and before he died he was half way through making Davenant founda ...
's will provides for foundation of the
Davenant Foundation School
Davenant Foundation School is a Christian Ecumenical secondary school, founded in 1680, currently in Loughton, Essex, England.
History Foundation in Whitechapel
In February 1680 the Reverend Ralph Davenant, rector of St Mary's Whitechape ...
for poor boys in
Whitechapel
Whitechapel is a district in East London and the future administrative centre of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is a part of the East End of London, east of Charing Cross. Part of the historic county of Middlesex, the area formed ...
.
* 24 March –
The Earl of Shaftesbury informs the
Privy Council of England that the Roman Catholics of Ireland are about to launch a rebellion, backed by France. The investigation falsely leads to the arrest and ultimate execution of the Roman Catholic
Archbishop of Armagh,
Oliver Plunkett
Oliver Plunkett (or Oliver Plunket) ( ga, Oilibhéar Pluincéid), (1 November 1625 – 1 July 1681) was the Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland who was the last victim of the Popish Plot. He was beatified in 1920 an ...
.
* 27 March – The
London Penny Post
The London Penny Post was a premier postal system whose function was to deliver mail within London and its immediate suburbs for the modest sum of one penny. The Penny Post was established in 1680 by William Dockwra and his business partner, R ...
delivery service begins operations after being created by
Robert Murray and
William Dockwra
William Dockwra (c. 1635–1716) was an English merchant who along with his partner Robert Murray created the first Penny Post in London in 1680. In latter 17th century London there was no official postal system for mail delivery within the cit ...
, with a policy of delivering letters to any part of London or its suburbs for the price of one
penny.
* 10 June – England and Spain sign a mutual defence treaty.
* 11 June –
Elizabeth Cellier
Elizabeth Cellier, commonly known as Mrs. Cellier or 'Popish Midwife' (c. 1668 – c. 1688), was a notable Catholic midwife in seventeenth-century England. She stood trial for treason in 1679 for her alleged part in the 'Meal-Tub Plot' against ...
, a Catholic midwife, is tried and acquitted of treason for pamphleting against the government.
* 21 October – Charles II's fourth parliament (the "
Exclusion Bill Parliament
The Exclusion Bill Parliament was a Parliament of England during the reign of Charles II of England, named after the long saga of the Exclusion Bill. Summoned on 24 July 1679, but prorogued by the king so that it did not assemble until 21 Octob ...
", summoned in
1679) assembles. The term
Whig comes to be used for those in favour of the Exclusion Bill and
Tory
A Tory () is a person who holds a political philosophy known as Toryism, based on a British version of traditionalism and conservatism, which upholds the supremacy of social order as it has evolved in the English culture throughout history. The ...
for those who oppose it.
* 4 November – a second
Exclusion Bill
The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 until 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. Three Exclusion bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Sco ...
is proposed to exclude the Catholic
James, Duke of York from inheriting the throne.
* 15 November – the Exclusion Bill is defeated in the
House of Lords
The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by appointment, heredity or official function. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminste ...
.
* 17 November – the
Green Ribbon Club
The Green Ribbon Club was one of the earliest of the loosely combined associations which met from time to time in London taverns or coffeehouses for political purposes in the 17th century. The green ribbon was the badge of the Levellers in the Eng ...
, a predecessor of the
Whigs, organises a procession to burn an effigy of the
Pope
The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
in London for the second year running.
* 7 December –
William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford
William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford, FRS (30 November 1614 – 29 December 1680) was the youngest son of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, and his wife, the former Alethea Talbot. A Fellow of the Royal Society from 1665, he was a Royalist ...
, is condemned to death by
perjured evidence in the House of Lords for conspiracy in the supposed "
Popish Plot".
* Undated
** First
fire insurance office established, the Phoenix.
**
Trinity House
"Three In One"
, formation =
, founding_location = Deptford, London, England
, status = Royal Charter corporation and registered charity
, purpose = Maintenance of lighthouses, buoys and beacons
, he ...
erects a lighthouse on
St Agnes, Isles of Scilly
St Agnes ( kw, Agenys) is the southernmost populated island of the Isles of Scilly. Thus the island's Troy Town Farm is the southernmost settlement in the United Kingdom.
Description
St Agnes joins the island of Gugh by a tombolo, a kind of s ...
.
Births
* 23 January –
Joseph Ames, author (died 1759)
* 14 February –
John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester
John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester KB (14 February 168027 September 1737) was an English soldier, peer, landowner, and courtier, and from 1705 to 1737 was Earl of Leicester, with a seat in the House of Lords.
Life
Leicester was born at his fami ...
, privy councillor (died 1737)
* 20 June –
Sir John Aubrey, 3rd Baronet, politician (died 1743)
* 12 October –
Arthur Collier
Arthur Collier (12 October 1680September 1732) was an English Anglican priest and philosopher who wrote about the non-existence of an absolute external world.
Early life
Collier was born at the rectory of Steeple Langford, Wiltshire. He entered ...
, philosopher (died 1732)
*
Blackbeard
Edward Teach (alternatively spelled Edward Thatch, – 22 November 1718), better known as Blackbeard, was an English pirate who operated around the West Indies and the eastern coast of Britain's North American colonies. Little is known abou ...
, pirate (died 1718)
*
John Colson
John Colson (1680 – 20 January 1760) was an English clergyman, mathematician, and the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.
Life
John Colson was educated at Lichfield School before becoming an undergraduate at Christ Chu ...
, mathematician (died 1760)
*
Barnabas Gunn, organist and composer (died 1753)
*
John Machin, mathematician (died 1752)
*
Sarah Derith, politically active salon hostess (died 1745)
Deaths
* 2 January –
John Jolliffe, politician and businessman (born 1613)
* 14 January (
New Style
Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 158 ...
) –
George Carteret
Vice Admiral Sir George Carteret, 1st Baronet ( – 14 January 1680 N.S.) was a royalist statesman in Jersey and England, who served in the Clarendon Ministry as Treasurer of the Navy. He was also one of the original lords proprietor of the ...
, statesman (born c. 1610)
* 18 January –
John Hervey John Hervey may refer to:
*John Hervey (c.1353-c.1411), MP for Bedfordshire (UK Parliament constituency), Bedfordshire
*John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol (1665–1751), Member of Parliament (MP) for Bury St Edmunds
*John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey (16 ...
, courtier and politician (born 1616)
* 20 January –
Ann, Lady Fanshawe, memoirist (born 1625)
* 23 January –
Capel Luckyn, Member of Parliament (born 1622)
* February –
Ralph Davenant
Reverend Ralph Davenant founded Davenant Foundation School in February 1680, when he left £100 in his will to start up a school for 40 poor boys of Whitechapel, London.
1492-1680 and before he died he was half way through making Davenant founda ...
, rector, founder of
Davenant Foundation School
Davenant Foundation School is a Christian Ecumenical secondary school, founded in 1680, currently in Loughton, Essex, England.
History Foundation in Whitechapel
In February 1680 the Reverend Ralph Davenant, rector of St Mary's Whitechape ...
* 17 February –
Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles
Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles PC (31 October 1598 – 17 February 1680) was an English statesman, best remembered as one of the Five Members whose attempted arrest by Charles I in January 1642 sparked the First English Civil War.
When fighti ...
, statesman and writer (born 1599)
* 16 May –
Sir William Blackett, 1st Baronet, of Matfen
Sir William Blackett, 1st Baronet (May 1621 – 16 May 1680) was a businessman who founded a mercantile and industrial base in Newcastle and a politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1673 to 1680.
Early life
Blackett was the third son of ...
, Member of Parliament (born 1620)
* 22 May –
Richard Sawkins
Richard Sawkins or ''Hawkins'' (died May 22, 1680) was a British buccaneer who participated in the Pacific Adventure, a privateering expedition headed by Captain John Coxon (pirate), John Coxon.
Although little is known of his early life, Sawkins ...
, pirate (year of birth unknown)
* 18 June –
Samuel Butler, satirical poet (born 1612)
* 26 July
**
Sir Hugh Smith, 1st Baronet
Sir Hugh Smith, 1st Baronet (21 April 1632 – 26 July 1680) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1660 and 1679.
Smith was the son of Thomas Smith of Long Ashton, Somerset and his wife Florence Poulett, daughter of John ...
, Member of Parliament (born 1632)
**
John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester
John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester (1 April 1647 – 26 July 1680) was an English poet and courtier of King Charles II's Restoration court. The Restoration reacted against the "spiritual authoritarianism" of the Puritan era. Rochester embodi ...
, poet (born 1647)
* 20 August –
William Bedloe, informer (born 1650)
* 24 August –
Thomas Blood
Colonel Thomas Blood (1618 – 24 August 1680) was an Anglo-Irish officer and self-styled colonel best known for his attempt to steal the Crown Jewels of England from the Tower of London in 1671. Described in an American source as a "no ...
, thief of the English Crown Jewels (born 1618)
* 9 September –
Henry Marten, regicide (born 1602)
* 11 September –
Roger Crab
Roger Crab (1621 – 11 September 1680)Bowlt 2007, p. 101–102 was an English soldier, haberdasher, herbal doctor and writer who is best known for his ascetic lifestyle which included Christian vegetarianism. Crab fought in the Parliamentary ...
, Puritan political writer (born 1621)
* 17 October –
Charles FitzCharles, 1st Earl of Plymouth
Charles FitzCharles, 1st Earl of Plymouth (1657 – 17 October 1680) was the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England, by Catherine Pegge. He had a sister called Catherine FitzCharles who is believed to have become a nun. His mother went o ...
, illegitimate son of Charles II, died at siege of Tangier (born 1657)
* 9 November –
Hungerford Dunch
Hungerford Dunch (20 January 1639 – 9 November 1680) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1660 and from 1679 to 1680.
Early life
Dunch was born at Down Ampney in Gloucestershire, the son of Edmund Dunch (1602–1678) ...
, politician (born 1639)
* 30 November –
Peter Lely, painter (born 1618)
* 8 December –
Henry Pierrepont, 1st Marquess of Dorchester
Henry Pierrepont, 1st Marquess of Dorchester, PC, FRSFRCP(March 16068 December 1680) was an English peer. He was the son of Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, and his wife, the former Gertrude Talbot, daughter of George Talb ...
, politician (born 1606)
* 29 December –
William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford
William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford, FRS (30 November 1614 – 29 December 1680) was the youngest son of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, and his wife, the former Alethea Talbot. A Fellow of the Royal Society from 1665, he was a Royalist ...
, martyr (born 1614)
* December –
Elizabeth Killigrew, Viscountess Shannon
Elizabeth Killigrew, Viscountess Shannon (16 May 1622 (baptised) – December 1680) was an English courtier.
She was a daughter of Sir Robert Killigrew and Mary Woodhouse, and sister of dramatist Thomas Killigrew. Elizabeth was baptised at S ...
, courtier and royal mistress (born 1622)
*
Cornelius Essex, pirate (year of birth unknown)
*
Sir James Harington, 3rd Baronet
Sir James Harington, 3rd Baronet of Ridlington (30 December 1607 – 1680)John Tapin References writes that in most existing contemporary records the spelling of the name was with a double 'r', and that the single 'r' is used in some instances, an ...
, Member of Parliament (born 1607)
References
{{Year in Europe, 1680
Years of the 17th century in England