The 166th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...
that fought in
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, formed twice. The division's first formation was formed in 1939 and wiped out in the Vyazma Pocket in October 1941. In January 1942, the division reformed. It fought in the
Battle of Demyansk
The Demyansk Pocket (german: Kessel von Demjansk; russian: Демя́нский котёл) was the name given to the pocket of German troops encircled by the Red Army around Demyansk, south of Leningrad, during World War II's Eastern Front. Th ...
, the
Battle of Kursk
The Battle of Kursk was a major World War II Eastern Front engagement between the forces of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union near Kursk in the southwestern USSR during late summer 1943; it ultimately became the largest tank battle in history. ...
,
Belgorod-Khar'kov Offensive Operation,
Vitebsk–Orsha Offensive,
Polotsk Offensive,
Šiauliai Offensive
The Šiauliai offensive (russian: Шяуляйская наступательная) was an operation of the Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front, commanded by General Hovhannes Bagramyan, conducted from July 5 to August 29, 1944, during the Se ...
,
Riga Offensive and the
Battle of Memel
The Battle of Memel or the siege of Memel (german: Erste Kurlandschlacht) was a battle which took place on the Eastern Front during World War II. The battle began when the Red Army launched its ''Memel offensive operation'' (russian: Мемел ...
. It was awarded the
Order of the Red Banner
The Order of the Red Banner (russian: Орден Красного Знамени, Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of th ...
.
History
First formation
The 166th Rifle Division was formed at
Tomsk
Tomsk ( rus, Томск, p=tomsk, sty, Түң-тора) is a city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast in Russia, located on the Tom River. Population:
Founded in 1604, Tomsk is one of the oldest cities in Siberia. The city is a not ...
in September 1939. It was commanded by Colonel Alexey Holzinev. On 22 June 1941, the division was in its summer quarters south of
Yurga
Yurga (russian: Юрга́) is a town in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, located on the Tom River and the Trans-Siberian Railway. Population:
History
It was founded in 1886. Work settlement status was granted to it in 1942; town status was granted i ...
. The division hastily moved to Tomsk and was reequipped with new uniforms, weapons and ammunition. On 26 June, the first train of the division left for
Smolensk
Smolensk ( rus, Смоленск, p=smɐˈlʲensk, a=smolensk_ru.ogg) is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 863, it is one of the oldest c ...
. The division became part of the
24th Army and by mid-July was defending the
Bely-
Dorogobuzh
Dorogobuzh (russian: Дорогобуж) is a historic town and the administrative center of Dorogobuzhsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, straddling the Dnieper River and located east of Smolensk, the administrative center of the oblast. ...
-
Yelnya Yelnya (russian: Ельня) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
;Urban localities
*Yelnya, Yelninsky District, Smolensk Oblast, a town in Yelninsky District of Smolensk Oblast; administratively incorporated as Yelninskoye Urban ...
area. On 19 July, two battalions of the 517th Rifle Regiment and the 499th Artillery Regiment engaged in battle with German troops at
Lake Shchuchye
Shchuchye ( kk, Шортанды, ''Shortandy''; russian: Щучье) is a lake in Burabay District, Akmola Region, Kazakhstan.
The name of the lake means " pike" in Russian, and it was thus named because of the abundance of this fish in its wat ...
.
Days later, Soviet troops began counterattacks in the Smolensk area. The division was initially part of Group Khomenko but was transferred to Group Kalinin on 22 July. Along with the
91st Rifle Division
The 91st Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army and Soviet Army, formed twice. The division was first formed in 1939, fought in the Winter War, and was destroyed in the Vyazma Pocket during the Battle of Moscow. It was reformed in ...
, the 166th was to attack towards
Dukhovshchina Dukhovshchina (russian: Духовщина) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
;Urban localities
*Dukhovshchina, Smolensk Oblast, a town in Dukhovshchinsky District of Smolensk Oblast
;Rural localities
* Dukhovshchina, Irkutsk ...
. On 24 July, it reached
Lelimovo but was forced to withdraw to the area between
Pakikino and
Pochinok.
The division continued to attack and in early August captured
Gutarovo, only 32 kilometers from
Yartsevo Yartsevo (russian: Ярцево) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
;Urban localities
*Yartsevo, Smolensk Oblast, a town in Yartsevsky District of Smolensk Oblast; administratively incorporated as Yartsevskoye Urban Settlement
...
.On 11 August, the 517th and 735th Rifle Regiments broke through German defences and provided a corridor for
Ivan Boldin
Ivan Vasilievich Boldin (russian: Ива́н Васи́льевич Бо́лдин; in Vysokaya – March 28, 1965 in Kiev) was a senior Red Army general and war hero during the Second World War.
Early military and political career
A son of a la ...
's group to escape from its encirclement. Colonel
Mikhail Dodonov became the division commander on 31 August. In late September, the depleted division was moved to the second echelon to receive replacements. On 2 October, the German troops began
Operation Typhoon
The Battle of Moscow was a military campaign that consisted of two periods of strategically significant fighting on a sector of the Eastern Front during World War II. It took place between September 1941 and January 1942. The Soviet defensive e ...
and the division was forced to take up positions at
Kholm-Zhirkovsky. On 4 October, Western Front decided to withdraw from the
Gzhatsk
Gagarin (russian: Гага́рин), known until 1968 as Gzhatsk (), is a town and the administrative centre of Gagarinsky District of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Gzhat River, northeast of Smolensk, the administrative centre of the ...
defensive line, but the division could not retreat. On 7 October, the division was encircled in the Vyazma Pocket. Only 517 soldiers from the division escaped from the encirclement. A number of soldiers from the division became partisans in the area.
The division was officially disbanded on 27 December 1941.
Poirer and Connor, in their ''Red Army Order of Battle in the Great Patriotic War'', 1985, write that it was established at Tomsk prior to June 1941. Wiped out Vyazma Oct 1941.
Second formation
The division was reformed from the
437th Rifle Division in January 1942 at
Chebarkul
Chebarkul (russian: Чебарку́ль) is a town in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the shores of Lake Chebarkul, west of Chelyabinsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:
Etymology
The name of the town derives from the ...
.
The division was mostly composed of soldiers from
Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk ( rus, Челя́бинск, p=tɕɪˈlʲæbʲɪnsk, a=Ru-Chelyabinsk.ogg; ba, Силәбе, ''Siläbe'') is the administrative center and largest city of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is the seventh-largest city in Russia, with a ...
and
Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast ( rus, Свердловская область, Sverdlovskaya oblast) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as S ...
s,
Bashkortostan
The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkortostan ( ba, Башҡортостан Республикаһы, Bashqortostan Respublikahy; russian: Республика Башкортостан, Respublika Bashkortostan),; russian: Респу́блик ...
and
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
. It was commanded by Major General
Fyodor Shchekotsky. Between 29 January and 16 February 1942, the division was transported to
Lyubim
Lyubim ( rus, Люби́м, p=lʲʉˈbʲim) is a town and the administrative center of Lyubimsky District in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located by the Obnora River (a tributary of the Kostroma River). Population:
History
Known since 1546, it was ...
.
Fought at Kursk and in Kurland. With 6th Guards Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front) May 1945.
The division was stationed at
Alytus
Alytus is a city with municipal rights in southern Lithuania. It is the capital of Alytus County. Its population in 2022 was 53,925. Alytus is the historical centre of the Dzūkija region. The city lies on the banks of the Nemunas River. The maj ...
. After the war, it appears to have been disbanded while serving with the
2nd Guards Rifle Corps,
6th Guards Army
The 6th Guards Army was a Soviet Guards formation which fought against Nazi Germany during World War II under the command of General Ivan Chistyakov. The Army's chief of staff was General Valentin Antonovich Penkovskii.
The 6th Guards Army was f ...
,
Baltic Military District
The Baltic Military District () was a military district of the Soviet armed forces in the Baltic states, formed briefly before the Operation Barbarossa, German invasion during the World War II. After end of the war the Kaliningrad Oblast was added ...
, in 1946.
6th Guards Army headquarters moved from
Siauliai to
Riga
Riga (; lv, Rīga , liv, Rīgõ) is the capital and largest city of Latvia and is home to 605,802 inhabitants which is a third of Latvia's population. The city lies on the Gulf of Riga at the mouth of the Daugava river where it meets the Ba ...
in February 1946.
Composition
The division's first formation included the following units.
* 423rd Rifle Regiment
* 517th Rifle Regiment
* 735th Rifle Regiment
* 359th Artillery Regiment
* 499th Howitzer Artillery Regiment
* 205th Separate Anti-Tank Battalion
* 177th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion
* 191st Reconnaissance Company
* 231st Sapper Battalion
* 195th Separate Communications Battalion
* 215th Medical Battalion
* 191st Separate Chemical Defence Company
* 106th Motor Transport Battalion
* 172nd Field Mobile Bakery
* 131st Field Post Office
* 251st Field Ticket Office of the State Bank
The division's second formation included the following units.
* 423rd Rifle Regiment
* 517th Rifle Regiment
* 735th Rifle Regiment
* 359th Artillery Regiment
* 205th Separate Anti-Tank Battalion
* 191st Reconnaissance Company
* 231st Sapper Battalion
* 195th Separate Communications Battalion (later 888th Separate Communications Company)
* 215th Medical Battalion
* 534th Separate Chemical Defence Company
* 72nd Motor Transport Company
* 450th Field Bakery
* 915th Divisional Veterinary Hospital
* 1671st Field Post Office
* 1092nd Field Ticket Office of the State Bank
References
*
{{Soviet Union divisions before 1945
Infantry divisions of the Soviet Union in World War II
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946
Military units and formations established in 1939
Military units and formations awarded the Order of the Red Banner