![Theodor Aman - Mihai Viteazul si capul lui Bathory](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Theodor_Aman_-_Mihai_Viteazul_si_capul_lui_Bathory.jpeg)
__NOTOC__
Events
January–June
* January 8
Events Pre-1600
* 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying.
* 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...
– The Jesuit educational plan, known as the ''Ratio Studiorum
The ''Ratio atque Institutio Studiorum Societatis Iesu'' (''Method and System of the Studies of the Society of Jesus''), often abbreviated as ''Ratio Studiorum'' (Latin: ''Plan of Studies''), was a document that standardized the globally influen ...
'', is issued.
* March 12
Events Pre-1600
* 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
* 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...
– Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (), or more formally Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland, was the title of the chief governor of Ireland from the Williamite Wars of 1690 until the Partition of Ireland in 1922. This spanned the Kingdo ...
, by Queen Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was List of English monarchs, Queen of England and List of Irish monarchs, Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Elizabeth was the last of the five House of Tudor monarchs and is ...
.
* April 23
Events Pre-1600
* 215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene.
* 599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southe ...
– The Earl of Essex arrives in Dublin
Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of th ...
at the head of 16,000 troops, the largest army ever seen in Ireland.
* May 16
Events Pre-1600
* 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan.
*1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
* 1364 ...
– The Kalmar Bloodbath takes place in Kalmar, Sweden.
* May 29 – Essex takes Cahir Castle
Cahir Castle ( ga, Caisleán na Cathrach), one of the largest castles in Ireland, is sited on an island in the river Suir. It was built from 1142 by Conchobar Ua Briain, King of Thomond. Now situated in Cahir town centre, County Tipperary, the ...
, supposedly the strongest in Ireland, after a short siege
A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition warfare, attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from la, sedere, lit=to sit. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity con ...
.
* June 20
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory.
* 1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting ...
– The Synod of Diamper
The Synod of Diamper (Udayamperoor Synod) ( mal, ഉദയംപേരൂർ സൂനഹദോസ്, Udayampērūṟ Sūnahadōs), held at Udayamperoor (known as Diamper in non-vernacular sources) in June 1599, was a diocesan synod, or cou ...
is convened.
July–December
* July – Second Dutch Expedition to Indonesia
The Second Dutch Expedition to East Indies was an expedition that took place from 1598 to 1600, one of the Dutch forays into the East Indies spice trade that led to the establishment of the Dutch East India Company. It was led by Jacob Cornelius ...
: A Dutch fleet returns to Amsterdam
Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...
, carrying 600,000 pounds of pepper
Pepper or peppers may refer to:
Food and spice
* Piperaceae or the pepper family, a large family of flowering plant
** Black pepper
* ''Capsicum'' or pepper, a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae
** Bell pepper
** Chili ...
and 250,000 pounds of cloves
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, ''Syzygium aromaticum'' (). They are native to the Maluku Islands (or Moluccas) in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice, flavoring or fragrance in consumer products, s ...
and nutmeg
Nutmeg is the seed or ground spice of several species of the genus ''Myristica''. ''Myristica fragrans'' (fragrant nutmeg or true nutmeg) is a dark-leaved evergreen tree cultivated for two spices derived from its fruit: nutmeg, from its seed, an ...
.
* July 24 – Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
King Sigismund III Vasa is dethroned by his uncle Duke Charles, who takes over as regent of the realm until 1604
Events
January–June
* January 1 – '' The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court.
* January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England ...
, when he becomes King Charles IX.
* August 15 – First Battle of Curlew Pass
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
: Irish forces defeat the English.
* September 21
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
* 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders.
* 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...
– The first reported performance at the Globe Theatre
The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, on land owned by Thomas Brend and inherited by his son, Nicholas Brend, and gra ...
in London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
(erected over Spring/Summer), a presentation of Shakespeare
William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...
's ''Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...
'' (probably new to that year), is recorded by Swiss traveller Thomas Platter the Younger.
* September 28
Events Pre-1600
*48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII.
* 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...
– The Earl of Essex arrives back in England, disobeying the Queen's strict orders.
* October 18
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation.
* 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philos ...
– Battle of Sellenberk: Michael the Brave
Michael the Brave ( ro, Mihai Viteazul or ; 1558 – 9 August 1601), born as Mihai Pătrașcu, was the Prince of Wallachia (as Michael II, 1593 – 1601), Prince of Moldavia (1600) and ''de facto'' ruler of Transylvania (1599 – 1600). ...
, Prince of Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and so ...
, defeats the army of Andrew Báthory
Andrew Báthory ( hu, Báthory András; pl, Andrzej Batory; 1562 or 1563 – 3 November 1599) was the Cardinal-deacon of Sant'Adriano al Foro from 1584 to 1599, Prince-Bishop of Warmia from 1589 to 1599, and Prince of Transylvania in 1599. His ...
near Șelimbăr
Șelimbăr (german: Schellenberg; hu, Sellenberk) is a commune in central Romania, in the county of Sibiu in Transylvania, to the east of the county seat Sibiu. The village of Șelimbăr has been known to exist since 1323 and is the site of the B ...
, leading to the first recorded unification of the Romanians
The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Culture of Romania, Romanian culture and Cultural heritage, ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they l ...
.
* November 10 – The Åbo Bloodbath
The Åbo Bloodbath ( sv, Åbo blodbad; fi, Turun verilöyly) of 10 November 1599 was a public execution in the Finland, Finnish town of Turku (Åbo), then part of the Kingdom of Sweden, in the context of the War against Sigismund and the Club War. ...
takes place in Åbo
Turku ( ; ; sv, Åbo, ) is a List of cities and towns in Finland, city and former Capital city, capital on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura (Archipelago Sea), Aura River, in the region of Southwest Finland, Finland Proper ...
, Swedish Finland
In Swedish and Finnish history, Finland under Swedish rule is the historical period when the bulk of the area that later came to constitute Finland was an integral part of Sweden. The starting point of Swedish rule is uncertain and controversi ...
.
* November
November is the eleventh and penultimate month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars, the fourth and last of four months to have a length of 30 days and the fifth and last of five months to have a length of fewer than 31 days. No ...
– Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602)
The Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602) was dispatched by the Persian Shah Abbas I in 1599 to obtain an alliance against the Ottoman Empire. The Persians had then been at war with the Ottoman Empire for more than a century, and so decided to ...
: A Persian embassy arrives in Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
.
* December 19 – The forces of Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo
Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo ( my, မင်းရဲ သီဟသူ, ; c. 6 August 1550 – 11 August 1609) was king of the breakaway kingdom of Toungoo (Taungoo) from 1597 to 1609. His kingdom was one of several small states that emerged follo ...
and his ally Min Razagyi of the Kingdom of Mrauk U end the First Toungoo Empire by capturing Pegu (modern-day Bago, Myanmar).
Date unknown
* The first Capuchin friar is entombed in the Catacombe dei Cappuccini
The Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo (also Catacombe dei Cappuccini or Catacombs of the Capuchins) are burial catacombs in Palermo, Sicily, southern Italy. Today they provide a somewhat macabre tourist attraction as well as an extraordinary histori ...
in Palermo
Palermo ( , ; scn, Palermu , locally also or ) is a city in southern Italy, the capital (political), capital of both the autonomous area, autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo, the city's surrounding metropolitan ...
(Sicily).
Births
January–March
![Giovanni berchmans](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Giovanni_berchmans.jpg)
*
January 22
Events Pre-1600
* 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople.
* 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...
–
Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre
Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre (22 January 1599 – 28 October 1638), was educated at Oxford and acceded to the title in 1637 but enjoyed his honours but a short time, and followed his father to the grave in little more than a year. In 1620, he mar ...
, English baron (d.
1638
Events January–March
* January 4 –
**A naval battle takes place in the Indian Ocean off of the coast of Goa at South India as a Netherlands fleet commanded by Admiral Adam Westerwolt decimates the Portuguese fleet.
**A fleet of 80 ...
)
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
* 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...
–
Juraj V Zrinski
Juraj V Zrinski ( hu, V. Zrínyi György; 31 January 1599 – 28 December 1626) was a Croatian Ban (viceroy), warrior and member of the Zrinski noble family.
Biography
Juraj V Zrinski was born in Csáktornya Kingdom of Hungary (today Čakovec, ...
, Ban of Croatia (d.
1626
Events
January–March
* January 7 – Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Wallhof in Latvia – Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, defeats a Polish army.
* January 9 – Peter Minuit sails from Texel Island for America's Ne ...
)
*
February 12
Events Pre-1600
*1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna.
*1429 – English forces under ...
**
Duke Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg
Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg (12 February 1599, Torgau – in battle: 24 October 1625, Seelze) was a member of the Ernestine branch of the House of Wettin and a Duke of Saxe-Altenburg and Duke of United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Jülich-C ...
, third son of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I of Saxe-Weimar (d.
1625
Events
January–March
* January 17 – Led by the Duke of Soubise, the Huguenots launch a second rebellion against King Louis XIII, with a surprise naval assault on a French fleet being prepared in Blavet.
* February 3 – ...
)
**
Thomas Whitmore Thomas Whitmore may refer to:
* Thomas Whitmore (1599–1677), English lawyer and politician
* Thomas Whitmore (1782–1846), English Whig MP for Bridgnorth
*Sir Thomas Whitmore, 1st Baronet (1612–1653), English MP for Bridgnorth
*Thomas Charlt ...
, English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons (d.
1677
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Jean Racine's tragedy ''Phèdre'' is first performed, in Paris.
* January 21 – The first medical publication in America (a pamphlet on smallpox) is produced in Boston.
* February 15 ...
)
*
February 13
Events Pre-1600
* 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome.
*1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th.
*1462 – The ...
–
Pope Alexander VII
Pope Alexander VII ( it, Alessandro VII; 13 February 159922 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death in May 1667.
He began his career as a vice- papal legate, an ...
(d.
1667
Events
January–March
* January 11 – Aurangzeb, monarch of the Mughal Empire, orders the removal of Rao Karan Singh as Maharaja of the Bikaner State (part of the modern-day Rajasthan state of India) because of Karan's derelic ...
)
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
–
John Mennes, English Royal Navy admiral (d.
1671
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The Criminal Ordinance of 1670, the first attempt at a uniform code of criminal procedure in France, goes into effect after having been passed on August 26, 1670.
* January 5 – The B ...
)
*
March 3
Events Pre-1600
* 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan.
* 1575 &nd ...
–
Juan Alfonso Enríquez de Cabrera
''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking communities around the world and in the Philippines, and also (pronounced differently) in the Isle of Man. In Spanish, t ...
, Viceroy of Sicily and Viceroy of Naples (d.
1647
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Chinese bandit leader Zhang Xianzhong, who has ruled the Sichuan province since 1644, is killed at Xichong by a Qing archer after having been betrayed one of his officers, Liu Jinzhong.
...
)
*
March 13
Events Pre-1600
*624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh.
*1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War.
*1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
–
John Berchmans
John Berchmans ( nl, Jan Berchmans ; 13 March 1599 – 13 August 1621) was a Jesuit scholastic and is a saint in the Catholic Church. In 1615, the Jesuits opened a college at Mechelen and Berchmans was one of the first to enroll. His spiritual mo ...
, Belgian Jesuit scholastic and saint (d.
1621
Events
January–March
* January 12 – Şehzade Mehmed, the 15-year old half-brother of Ottoman Sultan Osman II, is put to death by hanging on Osman's orders. Before dying, Mehmed prays aloud that Osman's reign as Sultan be rui ...
)
*
March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthelr ...
–
Anthony van Dyck
Sir Anthony van Dyck (, many variant spellings; 22 March 1599 – 9 December 1641) was a Brabantian Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England after success in the Southern Netherlands and Italy.
The seventh c ...
,
Flemish
Flemish (''Vlaams'') is a Low Franconian dialect cluster of the Dutch language. It is sometimes referred to as Flemish Dutch (), Belgian Dutch ( ), or Southern Dutch (). Flemish is native to Flanders, a historical region in northern Belgium; ...
painter (d.
1641
Events
January–March
* January 4 – The stratovolcano Mount Parker in the Philippines) has a major eruption.
* January 18 – Pau Claris proclaims the Catalan Republic.
* February 16 – King Charles I of England giv ...
)
*
March 23 –
Thomas Selle, German baroque composer (d.
1663
Events
January–March
* January 10 – The Royal African Company is granted a Royal Charter by Charles II of England.
* January 23 – The Treaty of Ghilajharighat is signed in India between representatives of the Mughal ...
)
*
March 28
Events Pre-1600
* AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate.
* 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
–
Witte de With
Witte Corneliszoon de With (28 March 1599 – 8 November 1658) was a Dutch naval officer. He is noted for planning and participating in a number of naval battles during the Eighty Years War and the First Anglo-Dutch war.
Early life and chil ...
, famous Dutch naval officer of the 17th century (d.
1658
Events
January–March
* January 13 – Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in the Tower of London.
* January 30 – The " March Across the Belts" (''Tåget över Bält''), Sweden's use of winter ...
)
April–June
![Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg)
*
April 9
Events Pre-1600
* 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum.
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, s ...
–
Sir Thomas Mauleverer, 1st Baronet
Sir Thomas Mauleverer, 1st Baronet (9 April 1599 – c. June 1655) was an English politician and prominent Roundhead during the English Civil War.
Sir Thomas Mauleverer was born into a family with large estates in Yorkshire. His father, Sir Richar ...
(d.
1655
Events
January–March
* January 5 – Emperor Go-Sai ascends to the throne of Japan.
* January 7 – Pope Innocent X, leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the Papal States, dies after more than 10 years of rule.
* Febr ...
)
*
April 17
Events Pre-1600
*1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
*1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
–
Patrick Fleming, Irish Franciscan friar and scholar (murdered) (d.
1631
Events
January–March
* January 23 – Thirty Years' War: Sweden and France sign the Treaty of Bärwalde, a military alliance in which France provides funds for the Swedish army invading northern Germany.
* February 5 &ndash ...
)
*
April 25 –
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three Ki ...
, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (d.
1658
Events
January–March
* January 13 – Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in the Tower of London.
* January 30 – The " March Across the Belts" (''Tåget över Bält''), Sweden's use of winter ...
)
*
May 16
Events Pre-1600
* 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan.
*1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
* 1364 ...
–
Nicolaes Olycan
Nicolaes Olycan (16 May 1599 – 2 April 1639) was a Netherlands brewer of Haarlem.
Olycan was born in Haarlem as the son of the brewers Pieter Jacobsz Olycan and Maritge Claesdr. Voogt. His brothers and sisters also became brewers. Besides run ...
, Dutch businessman (d.
1639
Events
January–March
* January 14 – Connecticut's first constitution, the Fundamental Orders, is adopted.
* January 19 – Hämeenlinna ( sv, Tavastehus) is granted privileges, after it separates from the Vanaja parish, ...
)
*
May 30
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...
–
Samuel Bochart, French Protestant biblical scholar (d.
1667
Events
January–March
* January 11 – Aurangzeb, monarch of the Mughal Empire, orders the removal of Rao Karan Singh as Maharaja of the Bikaner State (part of the modern-day Rajasthan state of India) because of Karan's derelic ...
)
*
June 1
Events Pre-1600
*1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
*1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...
–
Elizabeth Lucretia, Duchess of Cieszyn, Duchess ''suo jure'' of Cieszyn (d.
1653
Events
January–March
* January 3 – By the Coonan Cross Oath, the Eastern Church in India cuts itself off from colonial Portuguese tutelage.
* January– The Swiss Peasant War begins after magistrates meeting at Lucerne ...
)
*
June 6
Events Pre-1600
* 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed b ...
–
Diego Velázquez
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez (baptized June 6, 1599August 6, 1660) was a Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain and Portugal, and of the Spanish Golden Age. He was an individualistic artist of th ...
, Spanish painter (d.
1660
Events
January–March
* January 1
** At daybreak, English Army Colonel George Monck, with two brigades of troops from his Scottish occupational force, fords the River Tweed at Coldstream in Scotland to cross the border into England ...
)
July–September
*
July 23 –
Stephanius
Stephan Hansen Stephanius (July 23, 1599 – April 22, 1650) was a Danish historian and philologist.
His name is sometimes fully Latinized as "Stephanus Johannis Stephanius" Biography
He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark-Norway. He attended Sorø ...
, Danish historian (d.
1650
Events
January–March
* January 7 – Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, dies after a reign of more than 63 years. The area is now part of the northeastern German state of Saxony-Anhalt.
* January 18 – Cardinal Jules Ma ...
)
*
July 27 –
Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
Albrecht, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, ( Altenburg, 27 July 1599 – Eisenach, 20 December 1644) was a ruler of the duchy of Saxe-Eisenach. He was the seventh (but fourth surviving) son of Johann, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, and Dorothea Maria of Anhalt ...
(1640–1644) (d.
1644
It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+(-10(X)+50(L))+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1644).
Events
January–March
* January 22 – The Royalist Oxford Parliament is first assembled by King ...
)
*
August 11
Events Pre-1600
* 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins.
* 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founde ...
–
Christian II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg
Christian II of Anhalt-Bernburg (11 August 1599, in Amberg – 22 September 1656, in Bernburg), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg.
He was the second (but eldest surviving) son of Christi ...
(1630–1656) (d.
1656
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The First War of Villmergen, a civil war in the Confederation of Switzerland pitting its Protestant and Roman Catholic cantons against each other, breaks out but is resolved by March 7. The ...
)
*
August 13
Events Pre-1600
* 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.
* 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas.
* 554 – Em ...
–
Johannes Buxtorf II
Johannes Buxtorf the Younger, (13 August 1599 – 16 August 1664) was son of the scholar Johannes Buxtorf, and a Protestant Christian Hebraist.
Life
Buxtorf was born in Basel, where he also died. Before the age of thirteen he matriculated at ...
, Swiss theologian (d.
1664
It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral exactly once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+50(L)+10(X)+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1664).
Events
January–March
* January 5 – In the Battle of Surat in India, the Maratha leader, Chhat ...
)
*
August 14
Events Pre-1600
* 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. The articles, enumerating t ...
–
Méric Casaubon, English classicist (d.
1671
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The Criminal Ordinance of 1670, the first attempt at a uniform code of criminal procedure in France, goes into effect after having been passed on August 26, 1670.
* January 5 – The B ...
)
*
August 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs.
* 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...
–
Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona
Don Diego Roque López Pacheco Cabrera y Bobadilla, 7th Duke of Escalona, 7th Marquess of Villena and 7th Count of Xiquena (16 August 1599, La Mancha, Spain – 27 February 1653, Pamplona, Spain) was a Spanish nobleman who was viceroy of New Sp ...
, Spanish noble (d.
1653
Events
January–March
* January 3 – By the Coonan Cross Oath, the Eastern Church in India cuts itself off from colonial Portuguese tutelage.
* January– The Swiss Peasant War begins after magistrates meeting at Lucerne ...
)
*
August 22 –
Agatha Marie of Hanau
Countess Agatha Marie of Hanau-Lichtenberg (22 August 159923 May 1636) was a daughter of Count Johann Reinhard I (1569-1625) and his wife, Countess Maria Elisabeth of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1576-1605).
Agatha Marie was born in Buchsweiler (now ...
, German noblewoman (d.
1636
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Anthony van Diemen takes office as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), and will serve until his death in 1645.
* January 18 – ''The Duke's Mistress'', the last ...
)
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cru ...
–
Jacob Westerbaen
Ridder Jacob Westerbaen (7 September 1599 – 31 March 1670), ''heer'' (squire) of Brantwyck-en-Ghybelant, was a Dutch poet.
Life
Westerbaen was born in The Hague, the son of a rope maker, and was initially schooled in the Staten-College, then ...
, Dutch poet (d.
1670
Events
January–March
* January 17 – Raphael Levy, a Jewish resident of the city of Metz in France is burned at the stake after having been accused of the September 25 abduction and ritual murder of a small child who had disa ...
)
*
September 20 –
Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel, German Protestant military leader (d.
1626
Events
January–March
* January 7 – Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Wallhof in Latvia – Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, defeats a Polish army.
* January 9 – Peter Minuit sails from Texel Island for America's Ne ...
)
*
September 24
Events Pre-1600
*787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia.
*1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...
–
Adam Olearius
Adam Olearius (born Adam Ölschläger or Oehlschlaeger, 24 September 159922 February 1671) was a German scholar, mathematician, geographer and librarian. He became secretary to the ambassador sent by Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, to ...
, German scholar (d.
1671
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The Criminal Ordinance of 1670, the first attempt at a uniform code of criminal procedure in France, goes into effect after having been passed on August 26, 1670.
* January 5 – The B ...
)
*
September 25
Events Pre-1600
* 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus.
* 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt a ...
–
Francesco Borromini
Francesco Borromini (, ), byname of Francesco Castelli (; 25 September 1599 – 2 August 1667), was an Italian architect born in the modern Swiss canton of Ticino , Swiss sculptor and architect (d.
1667
Events
January–March
* January 11 – Aurangzeb, monarch of the Mughal Empire, orders the removal of Rao Karan Singh as Maharaja of the Bikaner State (part of the modern-day Rajasthan state of India) because of Karan's derelic ...
)
*
September 30
Events Pre-1600
* 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time.
* 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their b ...
–
Frances Seymour, Duchess of Somerset
Frances Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (''née'' Devereux; 30 September 1599 – 24 April 1674) was an English noblewoman who lived during the reigns of Elizabeth I, James I, Charles I and Charles II. Her father was Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of E ...
(d.
1674
Events January–March
* January 2 – The French West India Company is dissolved after less than 10 years.
* January 7 – In the Chinese Empire, General Wu Sangui leads troops into the Giuzhou province, and soon takes cont ...
)
October–December
*
October 10
**
Samuel Clarke, English writer and priest (d.
1683
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The Brandenburger Gold Coast, Brandenburger—African Company, of the German state of Brandenburg, signs a treaty with representatives of the Ahanta people, Ahanta tribe (in what is now Ghan ...
)
**
Étienne Moulinié
Étienne Moulinié (10 October 1599 – 1676) was a French Baroque composer. He was born in Languedoc, and when he was a child he sang at the Narbonne Cathedral. Through the influence of his brother Antoine (died 1655), Moulinié gained an app ...
, French Baroque composer (d.
1676
Events
January–March
* January 29 – Feodor III of Russia, Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia.
* January 31 – Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, the oldest institution of higher education in Central America, is fo ...
)
*
October 11 –
Abraham de Fabert
Abraham de Fabert, marquis d'Esternay (11 October 159917 May 1662) was a Marshal of France.
Biography
Fabert was the son of Abraham Fabert, seigneur de Moulins (died 1638), a famous printer who rendered great services, civil and military, to Hen ...
, Marshal of France (d.
1662
Events
January–March
* January 4 – Dziaddin Mukarram Shah becomes the new Sultan of Kedah, an independent kingdom on the Malay Peninsula, upon the death of his father, Sultan Muhyiddin Mansur.
* January 10 – At the ...
)
*
October 15
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later.
* 1211 ...
–
Cornelis de Graeff
Cornelis de Graeff, also Cornelis de Graeff van (Zuid-)Polsbroek (15 October 1599 – 4 May 1664) was the most illustrious member of the De Graeff family. He was a mayor of Amsterdam from the Dutch Golden Age and a powerful Amsterdam regent after ...
, Dutch mayor (d.
1664
It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral exactly once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+50(L)+10(X)+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1664).
Events
January–March
* January 5 – In the Battle of Surat in India, the Maratha leader, Chhat ...
)
*
October 28
Events Pre-1600
* 97 – Roman emperor Nerva is forced by the Praetorian Guard to adopt general Marcus Ulpius Trajanus as his heir and successor.
* 306 – Maxentius is proclaimed Roman emperor.
* 312 – Constantine I defeats ...
–
Marie of the Incarnation, French foundress of the Ursuline Monastery in Quebec (d.
1672
Events
January–March
* January 2 – After the government of England is unable to pay the nation's debts, King Charles II decrees the Stop of the Exchequer, the suspension of payments for one year "upon any warrant, secur ...
)
*
October 31 –
Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles, English statesman and writer (d.
1680
Events
January–March
* January 2 – King Amangkurat II of Mataram (located on the island of Java, part of modern-day Indonesia), invites Trunajaya, who had led a failed rebellion against him until his surrender on December ...
)
*
November 5
Events Pre-1600
* 1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
* 1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Br ...
–
Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo
Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo (5 November 1599 – 15 December 1658) was the prince-bishop of Trento from January 1629 until his death.
Biography
He was born at the Castle of Issogne into the noble family of the Madruzzo, various members of which ...
, Italian prince-bishop (d.
1658
Events
January–March
* January 13 – Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in the Tower of London.
* January 30 – The " March Across the Belts" (''Tåget över Bält''), Sweden's use of winter ...
)
*
November 11
Events Pre-1600
* 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the T ...
**
Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg
Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg (11 November 1599 – 28 March 1655) was a German princess and Queen of Sweden as the consort of King Gustav II Adolph (''Gustavus Adolphus'').
She was a daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, and Anna ...
, German princess and queen consort of Sweden (d.
1655
Events
January–March
* January 5 – Emperor Go-Sai ascends to the throne of Japan.
* January 7 – Pope Innocent X, leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the Papal States, dies after more than 10 years of rule.
* Febr ...
)
**
Ottavio Piccolomini
Ottavio Piccolomini, 1st Duke of Amalfi (11 November 1599 – 11 August 1656) was an Italian nobleman whose military career included service as a Spanish general and then as a field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire.
Early life
Ottavio was born ...
, Austrian-Italian field marshal (d.
1656
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The First War of Villmergen, a civil war in the Confederation of Switzerland pitting its Protestant and Roman Catholic cantons against each other, breaks out but is resolved by March 7. The ...
)
*
November 13 –
Otto Christoph von Sparr, German general (d.
1668
Events
January–March
* January 23 – The Triple Alliance (1668), Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed between Kingdom of England, England, Sweden and the Dutch Republic, United Provinces of the Netherlands.
* February 13 &ndash ...
)
*
November 15
Events Pre-1600
* 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
*1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Morg ...
–
Werner Rolfinck
Werner Rolfinck (15 November 1599 – 6 May 1673) was a German physician, scientist and botanist. He was a medical student in Leiden, Oxford, Paris, and Padua.
Biography
Rolfinck earned his master's degree at the University of Wittenberg under ...
, German physician, chemist, botanist and philosopher (d.
1673
Events
January–March
* January 22 – Impostor Mary Carleton is hanged at Newgate Prison in London, for multiple thefts and returning from penal transportation.
* February 10 – Molière's ''comédie-ballet'' ''The Imagi ...
)
*
November 29
Events Pre-1600
* 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom.
* 618 – The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over t ...
–
Peter Heylin
Peter Heylyn or Heylin (29 November 1599 – 8 May 1662) was an English ecclesiastic and author of many polemical, historical, political and theological tracts. He incorporated his political concepts into his geographical books ''Microcosmu ...
, English ecclesiastic and author of many polemical works (d.
1662
Events
January–March
* January 4 – Dziaddin Mukarram Shah becomes the new Sultan of Kedah, an independent kingdom on the Malay Peninsula, upon the death of his father, Sultan Muhyiddin Mansur.
* January 10 – At the ...
)
*
November 30
Events Pre-1600
* 978 – Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws. 1601–1900
* 1707 – Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the Br ...
–
Andrea Sacchi
Andrea Sacchi (30 November 159921 June 1661) was an Italian painter of High Baroque Classicism, active in Rome. A generation of artists who shared his style of art include the painters Nicolas Poussin and Giovanni Battista Passeri, the sculptors ...
, Italian painter of High Baroque Classicism (d.
1661
Events
January–March
* January 6 – The Fifth Monarchists, led by Thomas Venner, unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London; George Monck's regiment defeats them.
* January 29 – The Rokeby baronets, a British ...
)
*
December 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1244 – Pope Innocent IV arrives at Lyon for the First Council of Lyon.
*1409 – The University of Leipzig opens. 1601–1900
*1697 – St Paul's Cathedral, rebuilt to the design of Sir Christopher Wren followin ...
**
Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin, Scottish nobleman (d.
1663
Events
January–March
* January 10 – The Royal African Company is granted a Royal Charter by Charles II of England.
* January 23 – The Treaty of Ghilajharighat is signed in India between representatives of the Mughal ...
)
**
Alexander Daniell
Alexander Daniell (12 December 1599 – 12 April 1668) was the sole proprietor of the Manor of Alverton, Cornwall from 1630 until his death in 1668.
He was born in Middelburg in Walcheren, the son of Richard Daniel, clothier and citizen of Londo ...
, sole proprietor of the Manor of Alverton, Cornwall (d.
1668
Events
January–March
* January 23 – The Triple Alliance (1668), Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed between Kingdom of England, England, Sweden and the Dutch Republic, United Provinces of the Netherlands.
* February 13 &ndash ...
)
*
December 11 –
Pieter Codde
Pieter Jacobsz Codde (December 11, 1599 – October 12, 1678) was a Dutch painter of genre works, guardroom scenes and portraits.
Life
Codde was a technically skilled painter. He is said to have studied with Frans Hals, but it is more likely ...
, Dutch painter (d.
1678
Events
January–March
* January 10 – England and the Dutch Republic sign a mutual defense treaty in order to fight against France.
* January 27 – The first fire engine company (in what will become the United States) goe ...
)
*
December 14 –
Charles Berkeley, 2nd Viscount Fitzhardinge
Charles Berkeley, 2nd Viscount Fitzhardinge (14 December 1599 – 12 June 1668) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1621 and 1668. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. He succeed ...
, English politician (d.
1668
Events
January–March
* January 23 – The Triple Alliance (1668), Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed between Kingdom of England, England, Sweden and the Dutch Republic, United Provinces of the Netherlands.
* February 13 &ndash ...
)
*
December 16
Events Pre-1600
* 714 – Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald, while his widow Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom.
* 755 ...
–
Jacques Vallée, Sieur Des Barreaux, French poet (d.
1673
Events
January–March
* January 22 – Impostor Mary Carleton is hanged at Newgate Prison in London, for multiple thefts and returning from penal transportation.
* February 10 – Molière's ''comédie-ballet'' ''The Imagi ...
)
*
December 20 –
Niels Trolle
Niels Trolle til Trollesholm og Gavnø (20 December 1599 – 20 September 1667) was a Danish nobleman who served as vice admiral under Christian IV and later as Steward of Norway from 1656 to 1661. He played a central administrative role d ...
, Governor General of Norway (d.
1667
Events
January–March
* January 11 – Aurangzeb, monarch of the Mughal Empire, orders the removal of Rao Karan Singh as Maharaja of the Bikaner State (part of the modern-day Rajasthan state of India) because of Karan's derelic ...
)
*
December 29 –
Gabriel Bucelin
Gabriel Bucelin (also ''Gabriel Buzlin'', ''Gabriel Bincelint'', or ''Gabriel Bucelinus'') (29 December 1599, Diessenhofen, Thurgau – 9 June 1681, Weingarten) was a Benedictine polymath, Humanist, historical writer and cartographer.
Life
A ...
, German historian (d.
1681
Events January–March
* January 1 – Prince Muhammad Akbar, son of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, initiates a civil war in India. With the support of troops from the Rajput states, Akbar declares himself the new Mughal Emperor ...
)
Date unknown
*
John Alden, English settler of Plymouth Colony (d.
1687
Events
January–March
* January 3 – With the end of latest of the Savoyard–Waldensian wars in the Duchy of Savoy between the Savoyard government and Protestant Italians known as the Waldensians, Victor Amadeus III of Sardi ...
)
*
Stefan Czarniecki, Polish military commander (d.
1665
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The ''Journal des sçavans'' begins publication of the first scientific journal in France.
* February 15 – Molière's comedy '' Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre'', based on the Spanis ...
)
*
Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle
Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle (''née'' Percy; 15995 November 1660) was an English courtier known for her beauty and wit. She was involved in many political intrigues during the English Civil War.
Life
She was born Lady Lucy Percy, the second d ...
, English courtier (d.
1660
Events
January–March
* January 1
** At daybreak, English Army Colonel George Monck, with two brigades of troops from his Scottish occupational force, fords the River Tweed at Coldstream in Scotland to cross the border into England ...
)
*
Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby
Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby (December 1599 – 31 March 1664), born Charlotte de La Trémoille, is famous for her robust defence of Lathom House during the English Civil War.
Early life
Charlotte, born at the chateau of Thouars, Poitou ...
defender of Latham House (d.
1664
It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral exactly once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+50(L)+10(X)+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1664).
Events
January–March
* January 5 – In the Battle of Surat in India, the Maratha leader, Chhat ...
)
*
Jirgalang
Jirgalang or Jirhalang (Manchu: 19 November 1599 – June 11, 1655) was a Manchu noble, regent, and political and military leader of the early Qing dynasty. Born in the Aisin Gioro clan, he was the sixth son of Šurhaci, a younger brother of ...
, Qing Dynasty prince (d.
1655
Events
January–March
* January 5 – Emperor Go-Sai ascends to the throne of Japan.
* January 7 – Pope Innocent X, leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the Papal States, dies after more than 10 years of rule.
* Febr ...
)
Deaths
![Cornelis de Houtman](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Cornelis_de_Houtman.jpg)
*
January 13
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years.
* 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...
–
Edmund Spenser
Edmund Spenser (; 1552/1553 – 13 January 1599) was an English poet best known for ''The Faerie Queene'', an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth I. He is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of ...
, English poet (b.
1552
__NOTOC__
Year 1552 ( MDLII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 15 – Henry II of France and Maurice, Elector of Saxony, sign the Trea ...
)
*
January 22
Events Pre-1600
* 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople.
* 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...
–
Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian composer (b.
1547
Year 1547 ( MDXLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events January–June
* January 8 – The first Lithuanian-language book, a ''Catechism'' (, Simple Words of ...
)
*
February 8
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
*1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...
–
Robert Rollock, Scottish Presbyterian, first principal of the university of Edinburgh (b.
1555
Year 1555 ( MDLV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 22 – The Kingdom of Ava in Upper Burma falls.
* February 2 – The Diet o ...
)
*
March 19 –
Stanisław Radziwiłł
:''See also Stanisław Albrecht Radziwiłł.''
Stanisław "the Pious" Radziwiłł ( lt, Stanislovas Radvila II) (12 May 1559 – 19 March 1599) was a sixth generation Radziwill family noble ( szlachcic) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Po ...
, Grand Marshal of Lithuania (b.
1559
Year 1559 ( MDLIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 15 – Elizabeth I of England is crowned, in Westminster Abbey.
* February 27 ...
)
*
April 10
Events Pre-1600
* 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles).
* 1407 ...
–
Gabrielle d'Estrées
Gabrielle d'Estrées, Duchess of Beaufort and Verneuil, Marchioness of Monceaux (; 157310 April 1599) was a mistress, confidante and adviser of Henry IV of France. She persuaded Henry to renounce Protestantism in favour of Catholicism in 1593. La ...
, mistress of King
Henry IV of France
Henry IV (french: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first monarc ...
(b.
1573
Year 1573 ( MDLXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 25 – Battle of Mikatagahara in Japan: Takeda Shingen defeats Tokugaw ...
)
*
April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
–
Henry Wallop, English statesman (b. c.
1540
Year 1540 ( MDXL) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 6 – King Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, his fourth Queen consort; the ma ...
)
*
April 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil.
* 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
* 1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern ...
–
Lorenz Scholz von Rosenau, German botanist (b.
1552
__NOTOC__
Year 1552 ( MDLII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 15 – Henry II of France and Maurice, Elector of Saxony, sign the Trea ...
)
*
April 27
Events Pre-1600
* 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''.
* 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...
–
Maeda Toshiie, Japanese samurai and warlord (b.
1538
__NOTOC__
Year 1538 (Roman numerals, MDXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* February 24 – Treaty of Nagyvárad: Peace is declared bet ...
)
*
May 12 –
Sultan Murad Mirza, Mughal prince (b.
1570
__NOTOC__
Year 1570 ( MDLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 8 – Ivan the Terrible begins the Massacre of Novgorod.
* Januar ...
)
*
May 28 –
Maria of Nassau Maria of Nassau may refer to:
* Maria of Nassau (1539–1599), daughter of William the Rich and Juliana of Stolberg
* Maria of Nassau (1553–1554), first daughter of William the Silent and Anna of Egmond
* Maria of Nassau (1556–1616), second daug ...
, Dutch Countess (b.
1539
__NOTOC__
Year 1539 ( MDXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January – Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War – Battle of Naungyo, Burma: ...
)
*
June 2 –
Philipp V, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b.
1541
__NOTOC__
Year 1541 ( MDXLI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* February 12 – Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago del Nuevo Extremo, whi ...
)
*
June 14 –
Kōriki Masanaga
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Azuchi–Momoyama period, who ruled the Iwatsuki Domain. Masanaga, like his father Kiyonaga, served the Tokugawa clan
The is a Japanese dynasty that was formerly a powerful ''daimyō'' family. They nominally ...
, Japanese military commander (b.
1558
__NOTOC__
Year 1558 ( MDLVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 7 – French troops, led by Francis, Duke of Guise, take Calais, ...
)
*
June 29
Events Pre-1600
* 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
*1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
* 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, ...
–
Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria
Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria (4 January 1576 – 29 June 1599) was a member of the House of Habsburg.
She was the daughter of Charles II of Austria, Archduke Charles II of Austria, the son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor Fer ...
, Austrian archduchess (b.
1576
Year 1576 (Roman numerals, MDLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 20 – Viceroy Martín Enríquez de Almanza founds the settle ...
)
*
July
July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the fourth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., it being the mont ...
–
Kwon Yul
Gwon Yul (; December 28, 1537 - July 6, 1599) was a Korean Army General and the Commander-in-chief (도원수; 導元帥) of the Joseon Dynasty, who successfully led the Korean forces against Japan during the Japanese invasions of Korea (임진 ...
, Korean military commander (b.
1537
__NOTOC__
Year 1537 ( MDXXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January
** Bigod's Rebellion, an uprising by Roman Catholics against Henry ...
)
*
July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abd ...
–
Chōsokabe Motochika
was a prominent ''daimyō'' in Japanese Sengoku-period.
He was the 21st chief of the Chōsokabe clan of Tosa Province (present-day Kōchi Prefecture), the ruler of Shikoku region.
Early life and rise
He was the son and heir of Chōsokabe Kuni ...
, Japanese Sengoku Period daimyō
*
August 22 –
Luca Marenzio, Italian composer (b.
1553
Year 1553 ( MDLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* May – The first Royal Charter is granted to St Albans, in England.
* June – The ...
)
*
September 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated.
* 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...
–
Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (b.
1565
__NOTOC__
Year 1565 ( MDLXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 3 – In the Tsardom of Russia, Ivan the Terrible originates the opr ...
)
*
September 11 –
Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman (executed for patricide) (b.
1577
__NOTOC__
Year 1577 ( MDLXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 9 – The second Union of Brussels is formed, first without the P ...
)
*
August 8 –
Song Ik-pil
Song Ikpil (February 10, 1534 - August 8, 1599) was a politician and Neo-Confucian scholar and educator. His pennames were Gubong (구봉, 龜峰) and Hyeonseung (현승, 玄繩), and his courtesy name was Unjang (운장, 雲長). Song was best ...
, Korean scholar (b.
1534
__NOTOC__
Year 1534 ( MDXXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 15 – The Parliament of England passes the ''Act Respecting th ...
)
*
October 18
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation.
* 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philos ...
–
Daniel Adam z Veleslavína
Daniel Adam z Veleslavína (literally translated ''Daniel Adam of Veleslavín''; 31 August 1546 – 18 October 1599), was a Czech lexicographer, publisher, translator, and writer. (''Veleslavína'' is the genitive declension of Veleslavín, a ...
, Czech lexicographer (b.
1546
Year 1546 ( MDXLVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* May 19 – The Siege of Kawagoe Castle ends in defeat for the Uesugi clan, in their att ...
)
*
November 3
Events Pre-1600
* 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor.
*1333 – The River Arno floods causing massive damage in F ...
–
Andrew Báthory
Andrew Báthory ( hu, Báthory András; pl, Andrzej Batory; 1562 or 1563 – 3 November 1599) was the Cardinal-deacon of Sant'Adriano al Foro from 1584 to 1599, Prince-Bishop of Warmia from 1589 to 1599, and Prince of Transylvania in 1599. His ...
, deposed Prince of Transylvania (decapitated) (b. c. 1563)
*
November 7 –
Gasparo Tagliacozzi
Gaspare Tagliacozzi (his last name has also been spelled Taliacotius, Tagliacoze or Tagliacozzio; Bologna, March 1545 – Bologna, 7 November 1599) was an Italian surgeon, pioneer of plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Biography
Tagliacozzi w ...
, Italian surgeon (b.
1545
Year 1545 ( MDXLV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* February 22 – A firman of the Ottoman Empire is issued for the dethronement of Radu ...
)
*
November 8 –
Francisco Guerrero Francisco Guerrero is the name of:
*Francisco Guerrero (composer) (1528–1599), Spanish composer of the Renaissance
* Francisco Guerrero (politician) (1811–1851), Alcalde of San Francisco
*Francisco Guerrero Marín (1951–1997), Spanish composer ...
, Spanish composer (b.
1528
__NOTOC__
Year 1528 ( MDXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 12 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned king of Sweden, having alrea ...
)
*
November 22
Events Pre-1600
* 498 – After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore.
* 845 – The first duke of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats the Fra ...
–
Nanbu Nobunao
was a Sengoku period Japanese samurai, and ''daimyō'' and the 26th hereditary chieftain of the Nanbu clan. His courtesy title was ''Daizen Daibu'', and his Court rank was Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade.
Nobunao was the second son of Nanbu ...
, Japanese daimyō (b.
1546
Year 1546 ( MDXLVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* May 19 – The Siege of Kawagoe Castle ends in defeat for the Uesugi clan, in their att ...
)
*
December 13 –
Enrico Caetani
Enrico Caetani (6 August 1550 – 13 December 1599) was an Italian cardinal.
Early life
He was born at Sermoneta, the second son of Bonifacio, lord of Sermoneta, and Caterina di Alberto Pio, daughter of the lord of Carpi. He was the nephew of Car ...
, Italian Catholic cardinal (b.
1550
__NOTOC__
Year 1550 ( MDL) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 6 – Spanish Captain Hernando de Santana founds the city of Vall ...
)
*
December 14 –
Joan Boyle, English noble, first spouse of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork (b.
1578
__NOTOC__
Year 1578 (Roman numerals, MDLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 31 – Battle of Gembloux (1578), Battle of Ge ...
)
*
December 27 –
Francisco Pérez de Valenzuela, Spanish noble (b.
1528
__NOTOC__
Year 1528 ( MDXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 12 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned king of Sweden, having alrea ...
)
* After December 18 –
Minye Kyawswa II of Ava
, image =
, caption =
, reign = 29 December 1593 – 18 December 1599
, coronation =
, succession = Heir Apparent of Burma
, predecessor = Mingyi Swa
, successor ...
, Burmese defecting crown prince of the Toungoo Empire (killed by invading forces) (b.
1567
__NOTOC__
Year 1567 ( MDLXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events January–June
* January – A Spanish force under the command of Captain Juan Pardo estab ...
)
* ''date unknown'' –
Chand Bibi
Sultana Chand Bibi (1550–1599 CE) was an Indian ruler and warrior. She acted as the Regent of Bijapur Sultanate during the minority of Ibrahim Adil Shah II in 1580-1590, and regent of Ahmednagar Sultanate during the minority of her great nep ...
,
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
n regent and warrior (b.
1550
__NOTOC__
Year 1550 ( MDL) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 6 – Spanish Captain Hernando de Santana founds the city of Vall ...
)
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:1599