1584

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Events

January–June

* January–March – Archangelsk is founded as ''New Kholmogory'' in northern Russia, by Ivan the Terrible.
* January 11 – Sir Walter Mildmay is given a royal licence to found Emmanuel College, Cambridge in England.
* March 18 ( N.S. March 28) – Ivan the Terrible, ruler of Russia since 1533, dies; he is succeeded as Tsar by his son, Feodor.
* May 17 – The conflict between Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu culminates in the Battle of Nagakute.
* June 1 – With the death of the Duc d'Anjou, the Huguenot Henry of Navarre becomes heir-presumptive to the throne of France.
* June 4 – Walter Raleigh sends Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe to explore the Outer Banks of Virginia (now North Carolina), with a view to establishing an English colony; they locate Roanoke Island.
* June 11 – Walk (modern-day Valka and Valga, towns in Latvia and Estonia respectively), receives city rights from Polish king Stefan Bathory.

July–December

* July – The Siege of Antwerp (1584-1585) by the Spanish begins.
* July 5 – The Maronite College is established in Rome, Papal States.
* July 10 – William I of Orange is assassinated in Delft.
* September 17 – Ghent falls into the hands of Alexander Farnese, governor of the Spanish Netherlands.
* December – The Treaty of Joinville is signed secretly between the French Catholic League and Spain.

Date unknown

* Ratu Hijau becomes queen regnant of the once Malay Pattani Kingdom.
* Belgian cartographer and geographer Abraham Ortelius features Ming dynasty-era Chinese carriages with masts and sails, in his atlas ''Theatrum Orbis Terrarum''; concurrent and later Western writers also take note of this peculiar Chinese invention.
* This year, according to Italian heretic Jacopo Brocardo, is regarded as an apocalyptic inauguration of a major new cycle.

Births

* January 1 – Charles de Lorme, French physician (d. 1678)
* January 7 – Karan Singh II, Maharana of Mewar (d. 1628)
* January 29 – Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (d. 1647)
* February 9 – Francesco Maria Richini, Italian architect (d. 1658)
* February 12 – Caspar Barlaeus, Dutch polymath (d. 1648)
* February 18 – Philippe de Carteret II, son of Philippe de Carteret I (1552– (d. 1643)
* February 19 – Angelo Nardi, Italian painter (d. 1664)
* February 26 – Albert VI of Bavaria (d. 1666)
* March 15 – Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (d. 1663)
* March 22 – Grégoire de Saint-Vincent, Flemish Jesuit and mathematician (d. 1667)
* March 26 – John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (d. 1635)
* March 29 – Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English parliamentary general (d. 1648)
* April 6 – Bridget de Vere, Countess of Berkshire, English countess (d. 1630)
* April 10 – Sibylle Elisabeth of Württemberg, Duchess consort of Saxony (d. 1606)
* April 20 – Sir John Langham, 1st Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1671)
* April 23 – Jorge de Cárdenas y Manrique de Lara, Spanish noble (d. 1644)
* April 29 – Melchior Teschner, German cantor, composer and theologian (d. 1635)
* May 17 – John Jacob Hess, Swiss minister (d. 1639)
* May 23 – Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff, Austrian diplomat (d. 1650)
* May 27 – Michael Altenburg, German composer (d. 1640)
* June 6 – Yuan Chonghuan, Chinese politician, military general and writer (d. 1630)
* June 15 – Anna Sophie of Anhalt, German noblewoman (d. 1652)
* June 16 – Archduchess Maria of Austria (d. 1649)
* June 25 – Richard Strode, English politician (d. 1669)
* June 26 – Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Leinster, English politician (d. 1659)
* July 17 – Agnes of Brandenburg, Duchess of Pomerania, later Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1629)
* July 26 – Gaspard III de Coligny, Marshal of France (d. 1646)
* August 1 – Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland, English earl (d. 1630)
* August 10 – John Casimir, Count of Erbach-Breuberg (1606–1627) (d. 1627)
* August 11 – Philip Ernest, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1610–1628) (d. 1628)
* August 13 – Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician (d. 1640)
* August 28 – Richard Treat, American city founder (d. 1669)
* August 29 – Patrick Young, Scottish librarian (d. 1652)
* September 11 – Thomas van Erpe, Dutch Orientialist, cartographer (d. 1624)
* September 13 – Francis Julius of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince (d. 1634)
* September 15 – Georg Rudolf Weckherlin, German poet (d. 1653)
* September 16 – Giulio Roma, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1652)
* September 17 – John Finch, 1st Baron Finch, English judge (d. 1660)
* October 10 – Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke (d. 1650)
* November 3 – Jean-Pierre Camus, French Catholic bishop (d. 1652)
* November 10 – Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg (d. 1638)
* November 16 – Barbara Sophie of Brandenburg, duchess consort and later regent of Württemberg (d. 1636)
* November 18 – Gaspar de Crayer, Flemish painter (d. 1669)
* December 15 – Queen Inmok, Korean royal consort (d. 1632)
* December 16 – John Selden, English jurist (d. 1654)
* December 25 – Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain (d. 1611)
* December 27 – Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1625)
* December 28 – Juan de Dicastillo, Spanish theologian (d. 1653)
* ''date unknown''
** William Baffin, English explorer (d. 1622)
** Francis Beaumont, English dramatist (d. 1616)
** Antonio Cifra, Italian composer (d. 1629)
** Miyamoto Musashi, Japanese samurai, artist, philosopher (d. 1645)
** John Hales, English theologian (d. 1656)
** Hu Zhengyan, Chinese artist, printmaker, calligrapher and publisher (d. 1674)
** Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull (d. 1643)
** Mathieu Molé, French statesman (d. 1656)
** Herman Wrangel, Swedish soldier and politician (d. 1643)
** Chiara Varotari, Italian Baroque painter (d. 1663)

Deaths

* January 4 – Tobias Stimmer, Swiss painter and drawer (b. 1539)
* January 11 – Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Spanish constiquador (b. 1496)
* January 15 – Martha Leijonhufvud, politically active Swedish noble (b. 1520)
* February 18 – Antonio Francesco Grazzini, Italian writer (b. 1503)
* February 19 – Anna de' Medici, Tuscan princess (b. 1569)
* March 10 – Thomas Norton, English politician and writer (b. 1532)
* March 18 – Tsar Ivan IV of Russia (b. 1530)
* May 10 – Luigi Cornaro, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1517)
* March 12 – Kasper Franck, German theologian (b. 1543)
* April 13 – Jan Borukowski, royal secretary of Poland (b. 1524)
* May 18 – Ikeda Tsuneoki, Japanese daimyō and military commander (in battle) (b. 1536)
* May 25 – Prospero Spani, Italian sculptor (b. 1516)
* June 10 – François, Duke of Anjou (b. 1555)
* June 13 – János Zsámboky, Hungarian scholar (b. 1531)
* July 10
** Francis Throckmorton, conspirator against Queen Elizabeth I of England (executed; b. 1554)
** William the Silent, Prince of Orange (assassinated) (b. 1533)
* July 12 – Steven Borough, English explorer (b. 1525)
* July 14 – Balthasar Gérard, French assassin of William I of Orange (executed; b. 1557)
* July 23 – John Day, English Protestant printer (b. 1522)
* August 22 – Jan Kochanowski, Polish writer (b. 1530)
* October – Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll, Scottish nobleman and politician (b. 1541)
* October 17 – St Richard Gwyn, Catholic martyr
* November 3 – Charles Borromeo, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and saint (b. 1538)
* November 17 – Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1528)
* December 26 – Giovanni Francesco Commendone, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1523)
* ''date unknown''
** Yi I of Joseon, Korean Confucian scholar (b. 1536)
** Elena Anguissola, Italian painter and nun (b. c. 1532)
** Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł, Polish magnate (b. 1512)
** Carolus Sigonius, Italian humanist (b. 1524)
** Francisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa, viceroy of Peru (b. 1515)
**Michal Wisniowiecki, prince at Wiśniowiec (b. 1529)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1584

Leap years in the Gregorian calendar