1564 - Keramikos Archaeological Area, Athens - Dypilon - Photo By Giovanni Dall'Orto, Nov 12 2009 (1

Year 1564 ( MDLXIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

* January 26 – Livonian War – Battle of Ula: A Lithuanian surprise attack results in a decisive defeat of the numerically superior Russian forces.
* March 25 – Battle of Angol in Chile: Spanish Conquistador Lorenzo Bernal del Mercado defeats and kills the toqui Illangulién.
* June 22 – French settlers abandon Charlesfort, the first French attempt at colonizing what is now the United States, and establish Fort Caroline in Florida.

July–December

* July – English merchant Anthony Jenkinson returns to London from his second expedition to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, having gained a considerable extension of trading rights for the English Muscovy Company.
* September 4 – The Ronneby Bloodbath takes place in Ronneby, Denmark (now in Sweden).
* September 10 – Battle of Kawanakajima in Japan: Takeda Shingen fights the forces of Uesugi Kenshin for the final time, to a draw.
* November 21 – Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi sails from Mexico. Later, he will conquer the Philippine Islands, founding Manila.

Date unknown

* First recorded report of a 'rat king'.
* ''approx. date'' – Idris Alooma starts to rule the Kanem-Bornu Empire.
*The first Scottish Psalter is published.

Births

* January 1 – Šurhaci, Chinese prince (d. 1611)
* February 15 – Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and physicist (d. 1642)
* February 26 (baptized) – Christopher Marlowe, English dramatist and poet (d. 1593)
* March 7 – Pierre Coton, French Jesuit and royal confessor (d. 1626)
* March 9 – David Fabricius, Frisian astronomer (d. 1617)
* March 15 – William Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg (d. 1642)
* March 20 – Thomas Morton, English bishop (d. 1659)
* April 2 – William Bathe, Irish Jesuit priest (d. 1614)
* April 26 (baptized) – William Shakespeare, English dramatist and poet (d. 1616)
* April 27 – Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (d. 1632)
* April 30 – Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll, Scottish noble (d. 1631)
* May 27 – Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Ferrara, Italian noble, patron of the arts (d. 1618)
* June 11 – Joseph Heintz the Elder, Swiss artist (d. 1609)
* June 12 – John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (d. 1633)
* June 28 – Cort Aslakssøn, Norwegian astronomer (d. 1624)
* July 6 – Johanna Sibylla of Hanau-Lichtenberg, Countess consort of Wied-Runkel and Isenburg (d. 1636)
* August 18 – Federico Borromeo, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (d. 1631)
* August 24 – Patrick Forbes, bishop in the Church of Scotland (d. 1635)
* September 13 – Vincenzo Giustiniani, Italian banker and art collector (d. 1637)
* September 24 – William Adams, English navigator and samurai (d. 1620)
* September 25 – Magnus Brahe, Swedish noble (d. 1633)
* September 28 – Sibylla of Anhalt, Duchess consort of Württemberg (1593-1608). (d. 1614)
* October 15 – Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1589-1613) (d. 1613)
* October 26 – Hans Leo Hassler, German composer and organist (d. 1612)
* November 3 (baptized) – Francisco Pacheco, Spanish artist (d. 1644)
* November 11 – Martinus Smiglecius, Polish philosopher (d. 1618)
* November 22 – Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, English peer and traitor (d. 1618)
* November 24 – Joseph Gaultier de la Vallette, French astronomer (d. 1647)
* December 25
** Johannes Buxtorf, German Calvinist theologian (d. 1629)
** Nicolaus Mulerius, Dutch astronomer and medical academic (d. 1630)
* December 31 – Ernest II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German ruler (d. 1611)
* ''approximate date –'' Xue Susu, Chinese artist
* ''date unknown''
**Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1638)
**Daniel Chamier, French minister of religion (d. 1621)
**Kryštof Harant z Polžic a Bezdružic, Bohemian composer and Protestant rebel (d. 1621)
**Pedro Páez, Spanish Jesuit missionary to Ethiopia (d. 1622)
**Thomas Shirley, English privateer (d. c.1634)
* ''probable''
** Henry Chettle, English dramatist (d. 1607)

Deaths

* January 9 – Margaret Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (b. 1540)
* February 18 – Michelangelo, Italian artist, architect and sculptor (b. 1475)
* February 19 – Guillaume Morel, French classical scholar (b. 1505)
* March 27 – Lütfi Pasha, Albanian-born Ottoman statesman, juridical scholar and poet of slave origin (b. c.1488)
* April – Pierre Belon, French naturalist (b. 1517)
* April 9 – Georg Hartmann, German instrument maker (b. 1489)
* May 2 – Cardinal Rodolfo Pio da Carpi, Italian humanist (b. 1500)
* May 27 – John Calvin, French Protestant reformer (b. 1509)
* June 24 – Rani Durgavati, Indian queen (b. 1524)
* July 23 – Eléanor de Roucy de Roye, French noble (b. 1535)
* July 25 – Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1503)
* July 31 – Luís de Velasco, Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1511)
* August 10 – Miyoshi Nagayoshi, Japanese samurai and daimyō (b. 1522)
* August 30 – Duchess Sabina of Bavaria (b. 1492)
* October 5 – Pierre de Manchicourt, Flemish composer
* October 6 – Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1518)
* October 15 – Andreas Vesalius, Flemish anatomist (b. 1514)
* October 18 – Johannes Acronius Frisius, German physician and mathematician (b. 1520)
* December 6 – Ambrosius Blarer, influential German reformer in southern Germany and north-eastern Switzerland (b. 1492)
* ''date unknown''
** Isabella Losa, Spanish scholar (b. 1491)
** Giovanni da Udine, Italian painter (b. 1487)
** Purandara Dasa, Indian musician (b. 1484)
**Argula von Grumbach, German Protestant reformer (b. 1490)
** Charles Estienne, French anatomist (b. 1503)
** Isabella de Luna, Spanish-Italian courtesan
** Manus O'Donnell, Irish leader
* ''probable'' – Maurice Scève, French poet (b. 1500)

References

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