![Potato plants](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Potato_plants.jpg)
__NOTOC__
Year 1537 (
MDXXXVII) was a
common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar, proposed by Roman consul Julius Caesar in 46 BC, was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on , by edict. It was designed with the aid of Greek mathematicians and astronomers such as Sosigenes of Alexandr ...
.
Events
January–June
*
January
January is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is also the first of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the ...
**
Bigod's Rebellion, an uprising by Roman Catholics against
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...
, is crushed.
**
Battle of Ollantaytambo
The Battle of Ollantaytambo ( es, Batalla de Ollantaytambo, ) took place in January 1537, between the forces of Inca emperor Manco Inca and a Spanish expedition led by Hernando Pizarro during the Spanish conquest of Peru. A former ally of the Spa ...
: Emperor
Manco Inca Yupanqui is victorious against the Spanish and their Indian allies led by
Hernando Pizarro
Hernando Pizarro y de Vargas (; born between 1501 and 1508, died 1578) was a Spanish conquistador and one of the Pizarro brothers who ruled over Peru.
Hernando was born in Trujillo, (Extremadura), Spain, son of Captain Gonzalo Pizarro y Rodr ...
.
*
March –
Diego de Almagro successfully charges
Manco Inca's
siege of Cuzco
The siege of Cusco (May 6, 1536 – March 1537) was the siege of the city of Cusco by the Inca army under the command of Sapa Inca Manco Inca Yupanqui against a garrison of Spanish conquistadors and Indian auxiliaries led by Hernando Pizar ...
, thereby saving his antagonists, the
Pizarro brothers
The Pizarro brothers were Spanish conquistadors who came to Peru in 1530. They all were born in Trujillo, Spain. They were four brothers:
* Juan Pizarro (d. 1536) first illegitimate son of Captain Gonzalo Pizarro y Rodríguez de Aguilar and M ...
.
*
March 12
Events Pre-1600
* 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
* 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...
–
Recife
That it may shine on all ( Matthew 5:15)
, image_map = Brazil Pernambuco Recife location map.svg
, mapsize = 250px
, map_caption = Location in the state of Pernambuco
, pushpin_map = Brazil#South A ...
is founded by the
Portuguese, in
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
.
* April –
Spanish conquest of the Muisca
The Spanish conquest of the Muisca took place from 1537 to 1540. The Muisca were the inhabitants of the central Andean highlands of Colombia before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. They were organised in a loose confederation of differe ...
:
Bacatá
Bacatá is the name given to the main settlement of the Muisca Confederation on the Bogotá savanna. It mostly refers to an area, rather than an individual village, although the name is also found in texts referring to the modern settlement of Fu ...
, the main settlement of the
Muisca Confederation
The Muisca Confederation was a loose confederation of different Muisca rulers (''zaques'', ''zipas'', '' iraca'', and ''tundama'') in the central Andean highlands of present-day Colombia before the Spanish conquest of northern South America. The ...
, is conquered by
Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada y Rivera, also spelled as Ximénez and De Quezada, (;1496 16 February 1579) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador in northern South America, territories currently known as Colombia. He explored the territory named ...
, effectively ending the Confederation in the
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...
n Eastern Andes.
*
April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Kom ...
– The Archbishop of
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...
Olav Engelbrektsson flees from
Trondheim
Trondheim ( , , ; sma, Tråante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2020, it had a population of 205,332, was the third most populous municipality in Norway, and ...
to
Lier, Belgium.
*
June 2 –
Pope Paul III
Pope Paul III ( la, Paulus III; it, Paolo III; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 October 1534 to his death in November 1549.
He came to ...
publishes the encyclical ''
Sublimis Deus'', which declares the natives of the
New World
The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 3 ...
to be rational beings with souls, who must not be enslaved or robbed.
*
June 23
Events Pre-1600
* 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.
* 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.
* 1280 – The Spanish Re ...
–
Siege of Hamar
The siege of Hamar was a short siege that lasted for three days in late June 1537, between the forces of Catholic bishop Mogens Lauritssøn and noble Truid Ulfstand. Truid Ulfstand and his forces came down from Trondheim to arrest the bishop as a p ...
ends with the arrest of Bishop
Mogens Lauritssøn Mogens Lauritssøn, also known as Magnus Lauretii (died 3 October 1542, Antvorskov Monastery, Zealand, Denmark), was the 27th and last Roman Catholic Bishop of Hamar.
Background
Nothing is known about the origins of Mogens Lauritssøn. But he i ...
, and the Catholic rebellion is definitively ended in Norway.
July–December
* July –
Rodrigo Orgóñez Rodrigo Orgóñez (1490 – 26 April 1538) was Spanish captain under Diego de Almagro.
Born in Oropesa, Rodrigo participated in the Italian Campaigns. He accompanied Francisco de Godoy from Nicaragua when they joined Diego's men in reinforcin ...
occupies and sacks the Inca center of
Vitcos
Vitcos was a residence of Inca nobles and a ceremonial center of the Neo-Inca State (1537-1572). The archaeological site of ancient Vitcos, called Rosaspata, is in the Vilcabamba District of La Convención Province, Cusco Region in Peru. The rui ...
but
Manco Inca Yupanqui escapes and establishes the independent
Neo-Inca State elsewhere in
Vilcabamba, Peru.
*
August 15 –
Asunción
Asunción (, , , Guarani: Paraguay) is the capital and the largest city of Paraguay.
The city stands on the eastern bank of the Paraguay River, almost at the confluence of this river with the Pilcomayo River. The Paraguay River and the Bay of ...
is founded by
Juan de Salazar de Espinosa
Juan de Salazar y Espinosa (1508–1560) was a Spanish explorer, founder of the Paraguayan city of Asunción. Born in the city of Espinosa de los Monteros in Burgos, Spain, not much is known about his early life.
In August 1535 he set sail fro ...
.
*
August 25 – The
Honourable Artillery Company
The Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) is a reserve regiment in the British Army. Incorporated by royal charter in 1537 by King Henry VIII, it is the oldest regiment in the British Army and is considered the second-oldest military unit in the w ...
, the oldest surviving regiment in the
British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...
, and the second most senior, is formed.
*
August
August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and the fifth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. Its zodiac sign is Leo and was originally named ''Sextilis'' in Latin because it was the 6th month in ...
-
September – The
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
fails to capture
Corfu
Corfu (, ) or Kerkyra ( el, Κέρκυρα, Kérkyra, , ; ; la, Corcyra.) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece. The isl ...
, but this year does conquer the islands of
Paros and
Ios
iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. exclusively for its hardware. It is the operating system that powers many of the company's mobile devices, including the iPhone; the term also includes ...
.
*
October 15
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later.
* 1211 ...
– Following the baptism of her son, the future
Edward VI of England
Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death in 1553. He was crowned on 20 February 1547 at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour and the first En ...
,
Jane Seymour
Jane Seymour (c. 150824 October 1537) was List of English consorts, Queen of England as the third wife of King Henry VIII of England from their Wives of Henry VIII, marriage on 30 May 1536 until her death the next year. She became queen followi ...
begins suffering from
puerperal fever
Postpartum infections, also known as childbed fever and puerperal fever, are any bacterial infections of the female reproductive tract following childbirth or miscarriage. Signs and symptoms usually include a fever greater than , chills, lower ab ...
.
Date unknown
* The Spaniards bring the
potato
The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae.
Wild potato species can be found from the southern Unit ...
to Europe.
*
Kiritimati
Kiritimati (also known as Christmas Island) is a Pacific Ocean atoll in the northern Line Islands. It is part of the Republic of Kiribati. The name is derived from the English word "Christmas" written in Gilbertese according to its phonology, ...
(''Acea'' or "Christmas Island") is probably sighted by the Spanish mutineers from Hernando de Grijalva's expedition.
*
Bangalore
Bangalore (), officially Bengaluru (), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of more than and a metropolitan population of around , making it the third most populous city and fifth most ...
is first mentioned.
* Dissolution of the monasteries in Norway: Religious buildings dissolved by
Christian III include:
Bakke Abbey
Bakke Abbey was a medieval nunnery in Trondheim in Norway.
History Nunnery
Bakke Abbey was founded not later than 1150 and possibly quite a long time earlier. It is not definitely known to which order the nuns belonged, but it seems likely that t ...
,
Munkeby Abbey,
Tautra Abbey,
Nidarholm Abbey
Nidarholm Abbey was a Benedictine monastery located on the island of Munkholmen in Trondheim Fjord on the sea approach to Trondheim, Norway.
History
The monastery was founded either in 1028 by King Canute the Great or in about 1100 by Sigurd Ull ...
,
Gimsøy Abbey and
Utstein Abbey Utstein may refer to:
Places
* Utstein Abbey, a historic abbey in Rennesøy, Norway
*Utstein Church, a historic church in Rennesøy, Norway
Other
*, a submarine in the Royal Norwegian Navy
*Utstein Style The Utstein Style is a set of guidelines fo ...
.
* Publication of complete
Bible translations into English, both based on Tyndale's:
**
Myles Coverdale
Myles Coverdale, first name also spelt Miles (1488 – 20 January 1569), was an English ecclesiastical reformer chiefly known as a Bible translator, preacher and, briefly, Bishop of Exeter (1551–1553). In 1535, Coverdale produced the first c ...
's 1535 text, the first to be printed in England (by James Nicholson in
Southwark
Southwark ( ) is a district of Central London situated on the south bank of the River Thames, forming the north-western part of the wider modern London Borough of Southwark. The district, which is the oldest part of South London, developed ...
, London)
** The
Matthew Bible edited by
John Rogers under the pseudonym "Thomas Matthew" and printed in
Antwerp
Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504, .
Ongoing
*
Dissolution of the monasteries in England: Religious buildings dissolved by
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...
include:
Bisham Priory,
Bridlington Priory
Priory Church of St Mary, Bridlington, , commonly known as Bridlington Priory Church is a parish church in Bridlington, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, in the Diocese of York. It is on the site of an Augustinian priory founded in 1113 which w ...
,
Castle Acre Priory
Castle Acre Priory was a Cluniac priory in the village of Castle Acre, Norfolk, England, dedicated to St Mary, St Peter, and St Paul. It is thought to have been founded in 1089 by William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (the son of the 1st ...
,
Chertsey Abbey,
Furness Abbey
Furness Abbey, or St. Mary of Furness, is a former Catholic monastery located to the north of Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. The abbey dates back to 1123 and was once the second-wealthiest and most powerful Cistercian monastery in the coun ...
,
London Charterhouse
The London Charterhouse is a historic complex of buildings in Farringdon, London, dating back to the 14th century. It occupies land to the north of Charterhouse Square, and lies within the London Borough of Islington. It was originally built ( ...
and
Valle Crucis Abbey.
Births
![Willem iv van den bergh](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Willem_iv_van_den_bergh.jpg)
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
–
Jan Krzysztof Tarnowski, Polish noble (d.
1567
__NOTOC__
Year 1567 ( MDLXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events January–June
* January – A Spanish force under the command of Captain Juan Pardo estab ...
)
*
January 16
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.
* 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...
–
Albrecht VII, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Albrecht VII, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (16 January 1537 – 10 April 1605) was Count of Schwarzburg and founder of the Line of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, which later received the title of Prince. He was the youngest of the surviving sons ...
(d.
1605
Events
January–June
* January 16 – The first part of Miguel de Cervantes' satire on the theme of chivalry, ''Don Quixote'' (''El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha'', "The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha"), is publ ...
)
*
January 21
Events Pre-1600
* 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
* 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Co ...
–
Antonio Maria Salviati
Antonio Maria Salviati (January 21, 1537 – April 26, 1602) was a Florentine Roman Catholic cardinal.
Biography
Salviati was born in Florence, son of Lorenzo Salviati and Costanza Conti, the nephew of cardinals Bernardo Salviati and Giovanni ...
, Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1602
Events January–June
* January 3 – Battle of Kinsale: The English defeat Irish rebels and their Spanish allies. (The battle happens on this date according to the Gregorian calendar used by the Irish and Spanish but on Thursday, 24 Dec ...
)
*
February 26
Events Pre-1600
*747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events.
* 364 – Valentinian I is p ...
–
Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (d.
1575
__NOTOC__
Year 1575 ( MDLXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 21 – Queen Elizabeth I of England grants a monopoly on producin ...
)
*
March 17 –
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
, otherwise known as and , was a Japanese samurai and ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) of the late Sengoku period regarded as the second "Great Unifier" of Japan.Richard Holmes, The World Atlas of Warfare: Military Innovations that Changed the Cour ...
, Japanese warlord (d.
1598
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Events
January–June
* February 21 – Boris Godunov seizes the throne of Russia, following the death of his brother-in-law, Tsar Feodor I; the ''Time of Troubles'' starts.
* April 13 – Edict of Nantes (promulgated April 30 ...
)
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
–
Longqing Emperor,
Emperor of China
''Huangdi'' (), translated into English as Emperor, was the superlative title held by monarchs of China who ruled various imperial regimes in Chinese history. In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was considered the Son of Heave ...
(d.
1572
Year 1572 ( MDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 16 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is tried for treason, for his part ...
)
*
May 18
Events Pre-1600
* 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople.
* 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 4 ...
–
Guido Luca Ferrero
Guido Luca Ferrero (18 May 1537 – 16 May 1585) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.
Biography
Guido Luca Ferrero was born in Turin on 18 May 1537, the son of Sebastiano Ferrero, ''signore'' of Casalvolone and Villata, and his w ...
, Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1585
Events
January–June
* January – The Netherlands adopts the Gregorian calendar.
* February – The Spanish seize Brussels.
* April 24 – Pope Sixtus V succeeds Pope Gregory XIII, as the 227th pope.
* May 19 – S ...
)
*
May 20
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church.
* 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...
–
Hieronymus Fabricius
Girolamo Fabrici d'Acquapendente, also known as Girolamo Fabrizio or Hieronymus Fabricius (20 May 1533 – 21 May 1619), was a pioneering anatomist and surgeon known in medical science as "The Father of Embryology."
Life and accomplishments ...
, Italian anatomist (d.
1619
Events
January–June
* January 12 – James I of England's Banqueting House, Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire."Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Conne ...
)
*
May 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
* 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
* 1153 &ndash ...
–
Louis IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Marburg, son of Landgrave Philip I (d.
1604
Events
January–June
* January 1 – '' The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court.
* January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England ...
)
*
May 28 or
May 31 – Shah
Ismail II
Ismail II (; Born Ismail Mirza; 31 May 1537 – 24 November 1577) was the third Shah of Safavid Iran from 1576 to 1577. He was the second son of Tahmasp I with his principal consort, Sultanum Begum. By the orders of Tahmasp, Ismail spent twent ...
of Persia (d.
1577
__NOTOC__
Year 1577 ( MDLXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 9 – The second Union of Brussels is formed, first without the P ...
)
*
June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...
–
João Manuel, Prince of Portugal
Dom João Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugal () (3 June 1537 – 2 January 1554) was a Portuguese ''infante'' (prince), the eighth son of King John III of Portugal by his wife Catherine of Austria, daughter of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of ...
, Portuguese prince (d.
1554
__NOTOC__
Year 1554 ( MDLIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 5 – A great fire breaks out in Eindhoven, Netherlands.
*January 11 ...
)
*
July 20 –
Arnaud d'Ossat
Arnaud d'Ossat (20 July 1537 – 13 March 1604) was a French diplomat and writer and a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, whose personal tact and diplomatic skill steered the perilous course of French diplomacy with the papacy in the reign ...
, French diplomat and writer (d.
1604
Events
January–June
* January 1 – '' The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court.
* January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England ...
)
*
July 29 –
Pedro Téllez-Girón, 1st Duke of Osuna
Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ''Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter.
The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning ...
, Spanish duke (d.
1590
Events
January–June
* January 4 – The Cortes of Castile approves a new subsidy, the '' millones''.
* March 4 – Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, takes Breda, by concealing 68 of his best men in a peat-boat, to ge ...
)
*
July 30
Events Pre-1600
* 762 – Baghdad is founded.
*1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council.
*1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands ...
–
Christopher, Duke of Mecklenburg
Christopher, Duke of Mecklenburg-Gadebusch (30 July 1537 – 4 March 1592) was a son of Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg. He was Duke of Mecklenburg-Gadebusch, as well as administrator of Ratzeburg and of the Commandery of Mirow.
Life
Chr ...
and administrator of Ratzeburg (d.
1592
Events
January–June
* January 30 – Pope Clement VIII (born Ippolito Aldobrandini) succeeds Pope Innocent IX, who died one month earlier, as the 231st pope. He immediately recalls the Sixtine Vulgate.
* February 7 – G ...
)
*
August 9 –
Francesco Barozzi
Francesco Barozzi (in Latin, ''Franciscus Barocius'') (9 August 1537 – 23 November 1604) was an Italian mathematician, astronomer and humanist.
Life
Barozzi was born on the island of Crete, at Candia (now Heraklion), at the time a Venetian ...
, Italian mathematician (d.
1604
Events
January–June
* January 1 – '' The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court.
* January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England ...
)
*
August 15 –
Shimazu Toshihisa, Japanese samurai (d.
1592
Events
January–June
* January 30 – Pope Clement VIII (born Ippolito Aldobrandini) succeeds Pope Innocent IX, who died one month earlier, as the 231st pope. He immediately recalls the Sixtine Vulgate.
* February 7 – G ...
)
* October –
Lady Jane Grey
Lady Jane Grey ( 1537 – 12 February 1554), later known as Lady Jane Dudley (after her marriage) and as the "Nine Days' Queen", was an English noblewoman who claimed the throne of England and Ireland from 10 July until 19 July 1553.
Jane was ...
, claimant to the throne of England (d.
1554
__NOTOC__
Year 1554 ( MDLIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 5 – A great fire breaks out in Eindhoven, Netherlands.
*January 11 ...
)
*
October 12 – King
Edward VI of England
Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death in 1553. He was crowned on 20 February 1547 at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour and the first En ...
(d.
1553
Year 1553 ( MDLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* May – The first Royal Charter is granted to St Albans, in England.
* June – The ...
)
*
November 21
Events Pre-1600
* 164 BCE – Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, rededicates the Temple in Jerusalem, an event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah. (25 Kislev 3597 in the Hebrew calendar.)
* 235 ...
–
Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Duke of Alba, Spanish military leader (d.
1583
__NOTOC__
Events
January–June
* January 18 – François, Duke of Anjou, attacks Antwerp.
* February 4 – Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, newly converted to Calvinism, formally marries Agnes von Mansfeld-Eisleben, a form ...
)
*
December 5 –
Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shōgun (d.
1597
Events
January–June
* January 24 – Battle of Turnhout: Maurice of Nassau defeats a Spanish force under Jean de Rie of Varas, in the Netherlands.
* February – Bali is discovered, by Dutch explorer Cornelis Houtman.
* February 5 ...
)
*
December 20 – King
John III of Sweden
John III ( sv , Johan III, fi, Juhana III; 20 December 1537 – 17 November 1592) was King of Sweden from 1569 until his death. He was the son of King Gustav I of Sweden and his second wife Margaret Leijonhufvud. He was also, quite autonomous ...
(d.
1592
Events
January–June
* January 30 – Pope Clement VIII (born Ippolito Aldobrandini) succeeds Pope Innocent IX, who died one month earlier, as the 231st pope. He immediately recalls the Sixtine Vulgate.
* February 7 – G ...
)
*
December 24
Events Pre-1600
* 502 – Chinese emperor Xiao Yan names Xiao Tong his heir designate.
* 640 – Pope John IV is elected, several months after his predecessor's death.
* 759 – Tang dynasty poet Du Fu departs for Chengdu, whe ...
–
Willem IV van den Bergh
Willem IV, Count van den Bergh (1537-1586) was the Dutch Stadtholder of Guelders and Zutphen from 1581 until his arrest for treason in 1583.
Biography
Early Years
Willem was the son of Count Oswald II van den BerghThe name "Van den Bergh" is ...
, Stadtholder of Guelders and Zutphen (d.
1586
Events
* January 18 – The 7.9 Tenshō earthquake strikes the Chubu region of Japan, triggering a tsunami and causing at least 8,000 deaths.
* June 16 – The deposed and imprisoned Mary, Queen of Scots, recognizes Philip II of ...
)
*
December 26 –
Albert, Count of Nassau-Weilburg
Albert of Nassau-Weilburg-Ottweiler (26 December 1537, Weilburg – 11 November 1593, Ottweiler), was a count of the House of Nassau. His territory included the areas around Weilburg, Ottweiler and Lahr in the Black Forest. Like his father, P ...
(d.
1593
Events
January–December
* January – Siege of Pyongyang (1593): A Japanese invasion is defeated in Pyongyang by a combined force of Korean and Ming troops.
* January 18 – Siamese King Naresuan, in combat on elephant back, k ...
)
* ''date unknown''
**
Jane Lumley
Jane Lumley, Baroness Lumley ( Lady Jane Fitzalan; 1537 – 27 July 1578), sometimes called Joanna, was an English noblewoman. She was the first person to translate Euripides into English.
Life and family
Jane is the eldest child of three sibli ...
, English translator (d.
1578
__NOTOC__
Year 1578 (Roman numerals, MDLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 31 – Battle of Gembloux (1578), Battle of Ge ...
)
**
Shimizu Muneharu
, also known as , was a military commander during the Sengoku period. He served the Mōri clan (one of the powerful clans in Bitchu Province) as a retainer to Kobayakawa Takakage and took part in the expedition to unify the Chūgoku region. He wa ...
, Japanese military commander (d.
1582
1582 ( MDLXXXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) in the Julian calendar, and a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Proleptic Gregorian calendar. This year saw the be ...
)
**
John Almond, English Cistercian monk (d.
1585
Events
January–June
* January – The Netherlands adopts the Gregorian calendar.
* February – The Spanish seize Brussels.
* April 24 – Pope Sixtus V succeeds Pope Gregory XIII, as the 227th pope.
* May 19 – S ...
)
Deaths
*
January 6
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...
**
Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (b.
1510
Year 1510 ( MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January – Catherine of Aragon gives birth to her first child, a stillborn daughter.
* ...
)
**
Baldassare Peruzzi
Baldassare Tommaso Peruzzi (7 March 1481 – 6 January 1536) was an Italian architect and painter, born in a small town near Siena (in Ancaiano, ''frazione'' of Sovicille) and died in Rome. He worked for many years with Bramante, Raphael, and la ...
, Italian architect and painter (b.
1481
Year 1481 ( MCDLXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar).
Events
January–December
* May 3
** The 1481 Rhodes earthquake, the largest of a series, strikes the island of R ...
)
*
January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
*1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...
–
Lorenzo di Credi
Lorenzo di Credi (1456/59 – January 12, 1537) was an Italian Renaissance painter and sculptor best known for his paintings of religious subjects. He is most famous for having worked in the studio of Andrea del Verrocchio at the same time a ...
, Florentine painter and sculptor (b.
1459
Year 1459 ( MCDLIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 18 – The Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem is founded by Pope Pius II, to def ...
)
*
February 2
Events Pre-1600
* 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law".
* 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...
–
Johann Carion
Johann Carion (22 March 1499 – 2 February 1537) was a German astrologer, known also for historical writings.
Life
He was court astrologer to Elector Joachim I Nestor of Brandenburg. A prognostication he published in 1521 gained him a later re ...
, German astrologer and chronicler (b.
1499
Year 1499 ( MCDXCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 8 – Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany, in accordance with a l ...
)
*
February 3
Events Pre-1600
* 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.
*1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
*1488 – ...
–
Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare
{{Infobox noble, type
, name = Thomas FitzGerald
, title = The Earl of Kildare
, image = Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare.jpg
, caption =
, alt =
, CoA =
, ...
, Anglo-Irish noble, rebel (executed) (b.
1513
Year 1513 (Roman numerals, MDXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* March 9 – Pope Leo X (layman Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici) succe ...
)
*
February 8
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
*1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...
**
Otto von Pack, German conspirator (b. c.
1480
Year 1480 ( MCDLXXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* March 6 – Treaty of Toledo: Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize the African ...
)
** Saint
Gerolamo Emiliani, Italian humanitarian (b.
1481
Year 1481 ( MCDLXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar).
Events
January–December
* May 3
** The 1481 Rhodes earthquake, the largest of a series, strikes the island of R ...
)
*
January 11
Events Pre-1600
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
* 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhamma ...
–
John, Hereditary Prince of Saxony
John of Saxony (24 August 1498 in Dresden – 11 January 1537 in Dresden), also known as "John the Younger" or "Hans of Saxony" was Hereditary Prince of Saxony from the Albertine line of the House of Wettin.
Life
Early years
John was the ...
, German prince (b.
1498
Year 1498 (Roman numerals, MCDXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1498th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 498th year of the 2nd mill ...
)
*
March 25
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto.
* 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...
–
Charles, Duke of Vendôme
Charles de Bourbon (2 June 1489 – 25 March 1537) was a French '' prince du sang'' and military commander at the court of Francis I of France.
Biography
Charles was born at the Château de Vendôme, eldest son of Francis de Bourbon, Count ...
, French noble (b.
1489
Year 1489 ( MCDLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* March 14 – The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to the R ...
)
*
March 28
Events Pre-1600
* AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate.
* 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
–
Francesco of Saluzzo
Francesco Ludovico of Saluzzo (25 February 1498 in Saluzzo – 28 March 1537 in Carmagnola), was Marquis of Saluzzo between 1529 and 1537.
Francesco was the third son of Ludovico II of Saluzzo and Margaret of Foix-Candale. He became ruler of ...
, Marquess of Saluzzo (b.
1498
Year 1498 (Roman numerals, MCDXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1498th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 498th year of the 2nd mill ...
)
*
May 10
Events Pre-1600
* 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China.
*1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...
–
Andrzej Krzycki
Andrzej Krzycki of the Kotwicz heraldic clan (also Andreas Cricius) (Krzycko Małe, 7 July 1482 – † Skierniewice, 10 May, 1537) was a Renaissance Polish writer and archbishop. Krzycki wrote in Latin prose, but wrote poetry in Polish. He is oft ...
, Polish archbishop (b.
1482
Year 1482 ( MCDLXXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 19 – A Portuguese fleet, commanded by Diogo de Azambuja, arrives at th ...
)
*
May 24
Events Pre-1600
* 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom.
* 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt.
* 1276 – Magnus La ...
–
Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach
Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach (10 March 1485, Ansbach – 24 May 1537, Liegnitz (Legnica)) was a princess of Brandenburg-Ansbach and was by marriage Duchess of Legnica.
Life
Sophie was a daughter of the Margrave Frederick the El ...
, German princess (b.
1485
Year 1485 ( MCDLXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* Spring – Multiple earthquakes occur near Taishan, China.
* March 16 – A ...
)
*
June 2 –
Francis Bigod
Sir Francis Bigod (4 October 1507 – 2 June 1537) was an English nobleman who was the leader of Bigod's Rebellion.
Family
Francis Bigod was descended from the Bigod Earls of Norfolk and from the Barons Mauley of Mulgrave Castle near Whitby, Yo ...
, English noble, rebel (executed) (b.
1507
__NOTOC__
Year 1507 ( MDVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* April 25 – Martin Waldseemüller publishes his ''Cosmographiae Introductio'' ("Int ...
)
*
June 23
Events Pre-1600
* 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.
* 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.
* 1280 – The Spanish Re ...
–
Pedro de Mendoza, Spanish conquistador (b.
1487
Year 1487 ( MCDLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 29 – Richard Foxe becomes Bishop of Exeter.
* March – Sigismund ...
)
*
June 29
Events Pre-1600
* 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
*1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
* 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, ...
–
Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland
Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland, KG (c. 1502 – 1537) was an English nobleman, active as a military officer in the north. He is now primarily remembered as the betrothed of Anne Boleyn, whom he was forced to give up before she became ...
, English noble (b.
1502
Year 1502 (Roman numerals, MDII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 1 – Kingdom of Portugal, Portuguese explorers, led by Gonçal ...
)
*
July 7 –
Madeleine of Valois, queen of
James V of Scotland (b.
1520
__NOTOC__
Year 1520 ( MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 19 – King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes, at ...
)
*
July 12
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple.
* 927 – King Constantine II of ...
–
Robert Aske Robert Aske may refer to:
* Robert Aske (political leader) (1500–1537), leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace, against the dissolution of the monasteries
*Robert Aske (merchant)
Robert Aske (24 February 1619 – 27 January 1689) was a merchant an ...
, English lawyer, rebel (executed) (b.
1500
Year 1500 (Roman numerals, MD) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The year 1500 was not a leap year in the Proleptic Gregorian calendar.
The year was seen as being especially important by many Christians in Europe, ...
)
*
September 4 –
Johann Dietenberger
Johann Dietenberger (c. 1475 – September 4, 1537) was a German people, German Catholic Scholasticism, Scholastic theologian.
Education
Born at Frankfurt-am-Main, he was educated in his native city, and joined the Dominican Order. On 3 June 1 ...
, German theologian (b. c.
1475
Year 1475 (Roman numerals, MCDLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 10 – Battle of Vaslui (Moldavian–Ottoman Wars): Stephen I ...
)
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cru ...
–
Nikolaus von Schönberg
Nikolaus von Schönberg (11 August 1472 – 7 September 1537) was a German Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Capua.
Biography
Born in Rothschönberg near Meissen to a noble family which already had several Bishops of Meissen, Nikolaus became ...
, German Catholic cardinal (b.
1472
Year 1472 ( MCDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* February 20 – Orkney and Shetland are returned by Norway to Scotland, as a resul ...
)
*
September 20 –
Pavle Bakić, last
Serb Despot and medieval Serb monarch
*
October 24 –
Jane Seymour
Jane Seymour (c. 150824 October 1537) was List of English consorts, Queen of England as the third wife of King Henry VIII of England from their Wives of Henry VIII, marriage on 30 May 1536 until her death the next year. She became queen followi ...
, 3rd queen consort of
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...
(complications of childbirth) (b. c.
1508
__NOTOC__
Year 1508 ( MDVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* February – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, attacks the Republic of Venic ...
)
*
October 29 –
Elizabeth Lucar
Elizabeth Lucar (née Withypoll; 1510 – 29 October 1537) was an English calligrapher. In addition to her calligraphic skills she was fluent in Latin, Spanish, and Italian, and was an accomplished musician, needleworker and algorism, algoris ...
, English calligrapher (b.
1510
Year 1510 ( MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January – Catherine of Aragon gives birth to her first child, a stillborn daughter.
* ...
)
*
December 11 –
Andrey of Staritsa
Andrey Ivanovich (5 August 1490 – 11 December 1537) was the youngest son of Ivan III of Russia the Great by Sophia Palaiologina of Byzantium. Since 1519, his appanages included Volokolamsk and Staritsa.
When his elder brother Vasily III ascende ...
, son of Ivan III of Russia the Great (b.
1490
Year 1490 ( MCDXC) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 4 – Anne of Brittany announces that all those who ally themselves with the ...
)
* ''date unknown'' –
John Kite, Archbishop of Armagh and Bishop of Carlisle
* ''probable'' –
Thomas Murner
Thomas Murner, OFM (24 December 1475c. 1537) was an Alsatian satirist, poet and translator.
He was born at Oberehnheim (Obernai) near Strasbourg. In 1490 he entered the Franciscan order, and in 1495 began travelling, studying and then teaching a ...
, German satirist (b.
1475
Year 1475 (Roman numerals, MCDLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 10 – Battle of Vaslui (Moldavian–Ottoman Wars): Stephen I ...
)
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:1537