Events from the
1460s
The 1460s decade ran from January 1, 1460, to December 31, 1469.
Significant people
* Charles I (the Bold) (1433–1477), Duke of Burgundy, r. 1467–1477
* Jean Fouquet of France (1420–1481), painter
* Francis II (1433–1488), Duke of Brit ...
in
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
.
Incumbents
*
Monarch
A monarch is a head of stateWebster's II New College DictionarMonarch Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. Life tenure, for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority ...
–
Henry VI (until 4 March 1461), then
Edward IV
Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England ...
*
Parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...
–
22nd of King Henry VI (starting 7 October 1460, until c. 4 March 1461),
1st of King Edward IV (starting 4 November 1461, until 6 May 1462),
2nd of King Edward IV (starting 29 April 1463, until 28 March 1465),
3rd of King Edward IV (starting 3 June 1467, until 7 June 1468)
Events
* 1460
** 15 January –
Wars of the Roses
The Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), known at the time and for more than a century after as the Civil Wars, were a series of civil wars fought over control of the English throne in the mid-to-late fifteenth century. These wars were fought bet ...
:
Yorkists
The House of York was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Three of its members became kings of England in the late 15th century. The House of York descended in the male line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, t ...
raid
Sandwich, Kent
Sandwich is a town and civil parish in the Dover District of Kent, south-east England. It lies on the River Stour and has a population of 4,985. Sandwich was one of the Cinque Ports and still has many original medieval buildings, including sev ...
and capture the royal fleet during the
Battle of Sandwich.
[
** 26 June – Wars of the Roses: ]Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Old Frankish and is a compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'stron ...
and Edward, Earl of March (eldest son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York
Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (21 September 1411 – 30 December 1460), also named Richard Plantagenet, was a leading English magnate and claimant to the throne during the Wars of the Roses. He was a member of the ruling House of Plantage ...
) land at Sandwich with an army and march on London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
. Here the Earl of Salisbury
Earl of Salisbury is a title that has been created several times in English and British history. It has a complex history, and is now a subsidiary title to the marquessate of Salisbury.
Background
The title was first created for Patrick de S ...
remains and, with the support of the citizens, besieges the Tower of London
The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is separa ...
whose Lancastrian commander, Lord Scales, on 4 July turns its weapons against the city.
** 10 July – Wars of the Roses: At the Battle of Northampton, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Old Frankish and is a compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'stron ...
and Edward, Earl of March defeat a Lancastrian army and seize King Henry VI. Queen Margaret escapes with her son, Edward
Edward is an English given name. It is derived from the Anglo-Saxon name ''Ēadweard'', composed of the elements '' ēad'' "wealth, fortune; prosperous" and '' weard'' "guardian, protector”.
History
The name Edward was very popular in Anglo-Sa ...
, across Cheshire to Harlech Castle
Harlech Castle ( cy, Castell Harlech; ) in Harlech, Gwynedd, Wales, is a Grade I listed medieval fortification built onto a rocky knoll close to the Irish Sea. It was built by Edward I during his invasion of Wales between 1282 and 1289 at ...
.
** 19 July – Lord Scales surrenders the Tower of London
The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is separa ...
to the Yorkists; he is subsequently murdered by a mob.[
** 10 October – ]Richard of York
Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (21 September 1411 – 30 December 1460), also named Richard Plantagenet, was a leading English magnate and claimant to the throne during the Wars of the Roses. He was a member of the ruling House of Plantage ...
claims the throne in London.[
** 25 October – Parliament passes the ]Act of Accord
The Act of Accord was an Act of the Parliament of England which was passed on 25 October 1460, three weeks after Richard of York had entered the Council Chamber and laid his hand on the empty throne. Under the Act, King Henry VI of England was to ...
, proclaiming Richard of York as the heir to the throne, disinheriting the King's son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
Edward of Westminster (13 October 1453 – 4 May 1471), also known as Edward of Lancaster, was the only son of King Henry VI of England and Margaret of Anjou. He was killed aged seventeen at the Battle of Tewkesbury.
Early life
Edward was born ...
.[
** 30 December – Wars of the Roses: At the ]Battle of Wakefield
The Battle of Wakefield took place in Sandal Magna near Wakefield in northern England, on 30 December 1460. It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses. The opposing forces were an army led by nobles loyal to the captive King Henry VI of ...
, a decisive Lancastrian victory under Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset
Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset (26 January 143615 May 1464) was an important Lancastrian military commander during the English Wars of the Roses. He is sometimes numbered the 2nd Duke of Somerset, because the title was re-created for his ...
and Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, is won and Richard of York and his son, Edmund, Earl of Rutland
Edmund, Earl of Rutland (17 May 1443 – 30 December 1460) was the fourth child and second surviving son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville. He was a younger brother of Edward, Earl of March, the future King Edward ...
, are both killed, the latter murdered after the battle, while Warwick's father, the Earl of Salisbury
Earl of Salisbury is a title that has been created several times in English and British history. It has a complex history, and is now a subsidiary title to the marquessate of Salisbury.
Background
The title was first created for Patrick de S ...
, is beheaded the following day. York's son Edward, Earl of March becomes leader of the Yorkist
The House of York was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Three of its members became kings of England in the late 15th century. The House of York descended in the male line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, t ...
faction.
* 1461
** 2 February – Wars of the Roses
The Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), known at the time and for more than a century after as the Civil Wars, were a series of civil wars fought over control of the English throne in the mid-to-late fifteenth century. These wars were fought bet ...
: At the Battle of Mortimer's Cross
The Battle of Mortimer's Cross was fought on 2 February 1461 near Kingsland, Herefordshire (between Leominster and Leintwardine, by the River Lugg), not far from the Welsh border. It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses. The opposing ...
, Yorkist troops led by Edward, Earl of March defeat Lancastrians under Owen Tudor
Sir Owen Tudor (, 2 February 1461) was a Welsh courtier and the second husband of Queen Catherine of Valois (1401–1437), widow of King Henry V of England. He was the grandfather of Henry VII, founder of the Tudor dynasty.
Background
Owe ...
and his son Jasper
Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases,Kostov, R. I. 2010. Review on the mineralogical systematics of jasper and related rocks. – Archaeometry Workshop, 7, 3, 209-213PDF/ref> ...
.[
** 17 February – Wars of the Roses: At the ]Second Battle of St Albans
The Second Battle of St Albans was fought on 17 February 1461 during the Wars of the Roses in England. It took place at St Albans in Hertfordshire, the first battle having been fought in 1455. The army of the Yorkist faction under the Earl of W ...
, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick's army is defeated by a Lancastrian force under Queen Margaret, who recovers control of her husband.[ The following day, the King's protectors, ]William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville
William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville (12 or 31 August 1392 – 18 February 1461), was an English nobleman and an important, powerful landowner in south-west England during the Late Middle Ages. Bonville's father died before Bonville reached ...
and Sir Thomas Kyriell
Sir Thomas Kyriell (1396–18 February 1461) was an English soldier of the Hundred Years' War and the opening of the Wars of the Roses. He was executed after the Second Battle of St Albans.
Background
The de Criol, Kyriel or Kyriell family b ...
, are executed for treason
** 4 March – Edward, Earl of March proclaimed as King Edward IV of England
Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England ...
in London.[
** 28 March – Wars of the Roses: The indecisive ]Battle of Ferrybridge
The Battle of Ferrybridge, 28 March 1461, was a preliminary engagement between the houses of York and Lancaster before the larger battle of Towton, during the period now known as the Wars of the Roses.
Background
After proclaiming himself k ...
is fought.
** 29 March (Palm Sunday) – Wars of the Roses: At the Battle of Towton
The Battle of Towton took place on 29 March 1461 during the Wars of the Roses, near Towton in North Yorkshire, and "has the dubious distinction of being probably the largest and bloodiest battle on English soil". Fought for ten hours between a ...
, the bloodiest battle ever fought on British soil, the Earl of March defeats Queen Margaret to make good his claim to the English throne. Margaret escapes, initially to Linlithgow Palace
The ruins of Linlithgow Palace are located in the town of Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland, west of Edinburgh. The palace was one of the principal residences of the monarchs of Scotland in the 15th and 16th centuries. Although mai ...
near Edinburgh.
** 25 April – Henry VI cedes Berwick upon Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed (), sometimes known as Berwick-on-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, south of the Anglo-Scottish border, and the northernmost town in England. The 2011 United Kingdom census reco ...
to Scotland
Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...
.[
** 28 June – Coronation of King Edward IV.]
** Cirencester Grammar School
Cirencester Grammar School (CGS) was a grammar school in Cirencester, Gloucestershire, England, founded in about 1461 and closed in 1966.
History
The principal founder of the school was John Chadworth (d. 1471), Bishop of Lincoln. He is record ...
is founded by Lawrence Booth
Lawrence Booth ( – 1480) served as Prince-Bishop of Durham and Lord Chancellor of England, before being appointed Archbishop of York.
Life
The illegitimate son of John Booth, lord of the manor of Barton, near Eccles, Lancashire, he w ...
, Prince-bishop of Durham
The Bishop of Durham is the Anglican bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in the Province of York. The diocese is one of the oldest in England and its bishop is a member of the House of Lords. Paul Butler has been the Bishop of Durham s ...
.
** "Warkworths" ''Chronicle'' begins.
* 1462
** April – Queen Margaret, with her son Edward
Edward is an English given name. It is derived from the Anglo-Saxon name ''Ēadweard'', composed of the elements '' ēad'' "wealth, fortune; prosperous" and '' weard'' "guardian, protector”.
History
The name Edward was very popular in Anglo-Sa ...
, makes her way from Edinburgh via Bamburgh
Bamburgh ( ) is a village and civil parish on the coast of Northumberland, England. It had a population of 454 in 2001, decreasing to 414 at the 2011 census.
The village is notable for the nearby Bamburgh Castle, a castle which was the seat of ...
and Sluis
Sluis (; zea, label=Zeelandic, Sluus ; french: Écluse) is a town and municipality located in the west of Zeelandic Flanders, in the south-western Dutch province of Zeeland.
The current incarnation of the municipality has existed since 1 January ...
to the court of France, where on 23 June she secretly offers the surrender of Calais in return for aid and on 28 June secures agreement for a French-supported expedition to England.[ ]
** 25 October – Queen Margaret leads an invasion of Northumberland
Northumberland () is a county in Northern England, one of two counties in England which border with Scotland. Notable landmarks in the county include Alnwick Castle, Bamburgh Castle, Hadrian's Wall and Hexham Abbey.
It is bordered by land on ...
with French forces under Pierre de Brézé
Pierre de Brézé (or de Brezé) ( 1410 – 16 July 1465) was a French soldier and courtier in the service of kings Charles VII and Louis XI.
Early life
Pierre de Brézé was born circa 1410.
Career
De Brézé rose to prominence during the Hu ...
. Picking up Henry VI in Scotland, they land at Bamburgh and briefly take Alnwick
Alnwick ( ) is a market town in Northumberland, England, of which it is the traditional county town. The population at the 2011 Census was 8,116.
The town is on the south bank of the River Aln, south of Berwick-upon-Tweed and the Scottish bor ...
for the Lancastrians before being forced by an advancing Yorkist army and the wrecking of their fleet to take refuge at Berwick Castle
Berwick Castle is a ruined castle in Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England.
History
The castle was commissioned by the Scottish David I of Scotland, King David I in the 1120s. It was taken by the English forces under the terms of the Tr ...
, which is itself recaptured by Yorkists by Christmas.[
* 1463
** August – Queen Margaret leaves Scotland for France. She will never see her husband again and will not return to England until 1471.
** 8 October – Truce of Hesdin ends French support for the Lancastrians.][
** Importation of foreign ]playing card
A playing card is a piece of specially prepared card stock, heavy paper, thin cardboard, plastic-coated paper, cotton-paper blend, or thin plastic that is marked with distinguishing motifs. Often the front (face) and back of each card has a fi ...
s banned to protect English manufacturers.[
* 1464
** 25 April – Wars of the Roses: At the ]Battle of Hedgeley Moor
The Battle of Hedgeley Moor, 25 April 1464, was a battle of the Wars of the Roses. It was fought at Hedgeley Moor, north of the villages of Glanton and Powburn in Northumberland, between a Yorkist army led by John Neville, Lord Montagu and a ...
, Yorkist forces under John Neville defeat Lancastrians under Sir Ralph Percy
Sir Ralph Percy (11 August 1425 – 25 April 1464) was an English nobleman of the House of Percy, a knight, a Governor of Bamburgh Castle and a supporter of the Lancastrian faction in the Wars of the Roses. Percy was the son of Henry Percy, 2nd ...
, who is killed.[
** 1 May – Edward IV secretly marries ]Elizabeth Woodville
Elizabeth Woodville (also spelt Wydville, Wydeville, or Widvile;Although spelling of the family name is usually modernised to "Woodville", it was spelt "Wydeville" in contemporary publications by Caxton, but her tomb at St. George's Chapel, Wind ...
. He keeps the marriage a secret until 14 September.[
** 15 May – Wars of the Roses: At the ]Battle of Hexham
The Battle of Hexham, 15 May 1464, marked the end of significant Lancastrian resistance in the north of England during the early part of the reign of Edward IV.
The battle was fought near the town of Hexham in Northumberland. John Neville ...
, Neville defeats the Lancastrian army. This marks the end of organized Lancastrian resistance for several years.
** 1 June – Treaty of York
The Treaty of York was an agreement between the kings Henry III of England and Alexander II of Scotland, signed at York on 25 September 1237, which affirmed that Northumberland (which at the time also encompassed County Durham), Cumberland, and ...
, a 15-year truce with Scotland is signed.[
* 1465
** c. March – Re-foundation of ]Queens' College, Cambridge
Queens' College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Queens' is one of the oldest colleges of the university, founded in 1448 by Margaret of Anjou. The college spans the River Cam, colloquially referred to as the "light s ...
by Elizabeth Woodville.[
** 26 May – Coronation of Elizabeth Woodville as Queen Consort.][
** 13 July – Former King Henry VI is captured by Yorkist forces at ]Waddington, Lancashire
Waddington is a small village, 2 miles (3 km) north-west of Clitheroe in the Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,028. Before the 1974 county boundary changes, Waddington fell jus ...
, and imprisoned in the Tower of London
The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is separa ...
.
** Reform of the coinage, including introduction of the Angel
In various theistic religious traditions an angel is a supernatural spiritual being who serves God.
Abrahamic religions often depict angels as benevolent celestial intermediaries between God (or Heaven) and humanity. Other roles include ...
and the Rose Noble
A noble is a member of the nobility.
Noble may also refer to:
Places Antarctica
* Noble Glacier, King George Island
* Noble Nunatak, Marie Byrd Land
* Noble Peak, Wiencke Island
* Noble Rocks, Graham Land
Australia
* Noble Island, Great B ...
.[
* 1466
** Foundation of ]St Bartholomew's School
St. Bartholomew's School (known colloquially as St Bart's) has been a non-selective local comprehensive school since 1975. It is a co-educational State-funded schools (England), state funded Academy (English school), academy school whose predece ...
, Newbury, Berkshire
Newbury is a market town in the county of Berkshire, England, and is home to the administrative headquarters of West Berkshire Council. The town centre around its large market square retains a rare medieval Cloth Hall, an adjoining half timbere ...
.
* 1467
** June – Archbishop George Neville dismissed as Chancellor of England
The lord chancellor, formally the lord high chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest-ranking traditional minister among the Great Officers of State in Scotland and England in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking the prime minister. The ...
.[
* 1468
** 3 July – Marriage of ]Charles the Bold
Charles I (Charles Martin; german: Karl Martin; nl, Karel Maarten; 10 November 1433 – 5 January 1477), nicknamed the Bold (German: ''der Kühne''; Dutch: ''de Stoute''; french: le Téméraire), was Duke of Burgundy from 1467 to 1477.
...
, Duke of Burgundy
Burgundy (; french: link=no, Bourgogne ) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. The c ...
to Margaret of York
Margaret of York (3 May 1446 – 23 November 1503)—also by marriage known as Margaret of Burgundy—was Duchess of Burgundy as the third wife of Charles the Bold and acted as a protector of the Burgundian State after his death. She was a daught ...
, sister of Edward IV.
** 29 July – Hansa merchants expelled from London; Anglo-Hanseatic War
The Anglo-Hanseatic War was a conflict fought between England and the Hanseatic League, led by the cities of Gdańsk and Lübeck, that lasted from 1469 to 1474. Causes of the war include increasing English pressure against the trade of the Hans ...
breaks out with the Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League (; gml, Hanse, , ; german: label=Modern German, Deutsche Hanse) was a medieval commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe. Growing from a few North German to ...
[ in 1469.
** November – First recorded English use of the ]rack
Rack or racks may refer to:
Storage and installation
* Amp rack, short for amplifier rack, a piece of furniture in which amplifiers are mounted
* Bicycle rack, a frame for storing bicycles when not in use
* Bustle rack, a type of storage bin ...
in torture
Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering on a person for reasons such as punishment, extracting a confession, interrogation for information, or intimidating third parties. Some definitions are restricted to acts c ...
.
* 1469
** April–May – Rebellion in the north led by 'Robin of Redesdale
Robin of Redesdale ( fl. 1469), sometimes called "Robin Mend-All", was the leader of an insurrection against Edward IV of England. His true identity is unknown, but is thought to have been either Sir John Conyers (d. 1490), steward of Middleham, ...
'.
** June – Rebellion in the north led by 'Robin of Holderness
Holderness is an area of the East Riding of Yorkshire, on the north-east coast of England. An area of rich agricultural land, Holderness was marshland until it was drained in the Middle Ages. Topographically, Holderness has more in common wit ...
'.[
** 12 July – Earl of Warwick joins the rebels.][
** 24 July – Wars of the Roses: ]Battle of Edgcote
The Battle of Edgcote (also known as the Battle of Banbury or the Battle of Danes Moor) took place on 24 July 1469, during the Wars of the Roses. It was fought between a Royal army, commanded by the earls of Pembroke and Devon, and a rebel forc ...
– Warwick's rebels led by 'Robin of Redesdale' are victorious over forces loyal to King Edward led by the Early of Pembroke, who is executed 3 days later.[
** 29 July – King Edward arrested and imprisoned after his army abandons him.][
** August–October – ]Caister Castle
Caister Castle is a 15th-century moated castle situated in the parish of West Caister, some north of the town of Great Yarmouth in the English county of Norfolk ().
The castle had a 100 ft (33 m) high tower and was built between 1432 and 1 ...
is besieged by John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk
John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk, (18 October 144414 January 1476), known as 1st Earl of Surrey between 1451 and 1461, was the only son of John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and Eleanor Bourchier. His maternal grandparents were William B ...
.
** 10 September – Edward released by Warwick following widespread rioting.[
]
Births
* 1460
** Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley
Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley, (c. 1460 – 31 January 1531) was an English nobleman elected as Knight of the Garter (KG) in the beginning of King Henry VIII's reign. He was chamberlain to Princess Mary (later Queen Mary I) from 1525 to 1528.
...
(died 1532
Year 1532 ( MDXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 22 – São Vicente is established as the first permanent Portuguese settleme ...
)
** Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester
Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, KG (c. 146015 March 1526) was an English nobleman and politician. He was the legitimised bastard son of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset by his mistress Joan Hill.
Origins
He was born in about 1 ...
(died 1526
Year 1526 ( MDXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 14 – Treaty of Madrid: Peace is declared between Francis I of France and C ...
)
* 1461
** Nicholas West
Nicholas West (146128 April 1533), was an English bishop and diplomatist, born at Putney in Surrey, and educated at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, of which he became a fellow in 1486. He also had periods of study at Oxford and Bologna. , bishop and diplomat (died 1533
__NOTOC__
Year 1533 ( MDXXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 25 – King Henry VIII of England formally but secretly marries ...
)
* 1462
** Approximate date – Edmund Dudley
Edmund Dudley (c. 1462Gunn 2010 or 1471/147217 August 1510) was an English administrator and a financial agent of King Henry VII. He served as a leading member of the Council Learned in the Law, Speaker of the House of Commons and Presid ...
, minister of Henry VII (executed 1510
Year 1510 ( MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January – Catherine of Aragon gives birth to her first child, a stillborn daughter.
* ...
)
* 1465
** William Cornysh
William Cornysh the Younger (also spelled Cornyshe or Cornish) (1465 – October 1523) was an English composer, dramatist, actor, and poet.
Life
In his only surviving poem, which was written in Fleet Prison, he claims that he has been conv ...
, composer (died 1523
Year 1523 ( MDXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 20 – Christian II is forced to abdicate as King of Denmark and Norway.
* ...
)
* 1466
** 11 February – Elizabeth of York
Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 – 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death in 1503. Elizabeth married Henry after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, which ma ...
, queen of Henry VII (died 1503
__NOTOC__
Year 1503 ( MDIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 20 – Seville in Castile is awarded exclusive rights to trade wit ...
)
* 1467
** January – John Colet
John Colet (January 1467 – 16 September 1519) was an English Catholic priest and educational pioneer.
John Colet was an English scholar, Renaissance humanist, theologian, member of the Worshipful Company of Mercers, and Dean of St Paul's Cat ...
, churchman and educational pioneer (died 1519
__NOTOC__
Year 1519 ( MDXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1519th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 519th year of the 2nd millennium ...
)
** 11 August – Mary of York
Mary of York (11 August 1467 – 23 May 1482) was the second daughter of King Edward IV of England and his queen consort Elizabeth Woodville.
The first years of Mary's life were spent in close connection with her older sister Elizabeth of ...
, daughter of King Edward IV (died 1482
Year 1482 ( MCDLXXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 19 – A Portuguese fleet, commanded by Diogo de Azambuja, arrives at th ...
)
** John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners
John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners (1467 – 19 March 1533) was an English soldier, statesman and translator.
Family
John Bourchier, born about 1467, was the only son of Sir Humphrey Bourchier (d.1471 at the Battle of Barnet) and Elizabeth Ti ...
, translator (died 1553
Year 1553 ( MDLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* May – The first Royal Charter is granted to St Albans, in England.
* June – The ...
)
** John Yonge
John Yonge (c. 1465 – 25 April 1516) was an English ecclesiastic and diplomatist, who also served as Master of the Rolls from 1507 until his death.
He is not to be confused with his contemporary John Young (suffragan bishop in London) (1463 ...
, ecclesiastic and diplomatist (died 1516
__NOTOC__
Year 1516 ( MDXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January – Juan Díaz de Solís discovers the Río de la Plata (in future A ...
)
** William Latimer, churchman and scholar (died 1545
Year 1545 ( MDXLV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* February 22 – A firman of the Ottoman Empire is issued for the dethronement of Radu ...
)
* 1468
** Approximate date – John of Gloucester
John of Gloucester (or John of Pontefract) (c. 1468 - c. 1499 (based on historical hypothesis)) was an illegitimate son of King Richard III of England. John is so called because his father was Duke of Gloucester at the time of his birth. His father ...
, Captain of Calais, illegitimate son of Richard III (executed? c. 1499
Year 1499 ( MCDXCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 8 – Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany, in accordance with a l ...
)
* 1469
** 20 March – Cecily of York
Cecily of York (20 March 1469 – 24 August 1507), was the third daughter of King Edward IV of England and his queen consort Elizabeth Woodville.
Shortly after the death of her father and the usurpation of the throne by her uncle King Richar ...
, princess (died 1507
__NOTOC__
Year 1507 ( MDVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* April 25 – Martin Waldseemüller publishes his ''Cosmographiae Introductio'' ("Int ...
)
Deaths
* 1460
** 10 July (at the Battle of Northampton)
***Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham
Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, 6th Earl of Stafford, 7th Baron Stafford, (December 1402 – 10 July 1460) of Stafford Castle in Staffordshire, was an English nobleman and a military commander in the Hundred Years' War and the ...
, military leader (born 1402)
*** John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury
John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, 2nd Earl of Waterford, 8th Baron Talbot, KG (12 DEC 1413 – 10 July 1460) was an English nobleman and soldier. He was the son of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, 1st Earl of Waterford, 7th Baron Talbot ...
(born c. 1413
Year 1413 ( MCDXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events January–December
* March 21 – Henry V becomes King of England following the death of his father Henry ...
)
** 30 December – Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York
Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (21 September 1411 – 30 December 1460), also named Richard Plantagenet, was a leading English magnate and claimant to the throne during the Wars of the Roses. He was a member of the ruling House of Plantage ...
, claimant to the English throne (killed in battle) (born 1411
Year 1411 (Roman numerals, MCDXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* February 1 – The Peace of Thorn (1411), First Peace of Thorn is si ...
)
** 31 December
***Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury
Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (1400 – 31 December 1460) was an English nobleman and magnate based in northern England who became a key supporter of the House of York during the early years of the Wars of the Roses. He was the ...
, politician (executed) (born 1400
Year 1400 ( MCD) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The year 1400 was not a leap year in the Proleptic Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–December
* Henry IV of England ...
)
*** Edmund, Earl of Rutland
Edmund, Earl of Rutland (17 May 1443 – 30 December 1460) was the fourth child and second surviving son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville. He was a younger brother of Edward, Earl of March, the future King Edward ...
, brother of Kings Edward IV of England
Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England ...
and Richard III of England
Richard III (2 October 145222 August 1485) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. His defeat and death at the Battl ...
(executed) (born 1443
Year 1443 ( MCDXLIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* July 22 – Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl (Old Zürich War): The forces of the ...
)
** Approximate date – Reginald Pecock
Reginald Pecock (or Peacock; c. 1395– c. 1461) was a Welsh prelate, scholastic, and writer.
Life
Pecock was probably born in Laugharne and was educated at Oriel College, Oxford.
Having been ordained priest in 1421, Pecock secured a master ...
, deposed Welsh bishop and writer (born c. 1392)
* 1461
** 28 March – John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford
John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford, 9th Lord of Skipton (8 April 1435 – 28 March 1461) was a Lancastrian military leader during the Wars of the Roses in England. The Clifford family was one of the most prominent families among the northern E ...
(in battle) (born 1435
Year 1435 ( MCDXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1435th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 435th year of the 2nd millennium, the 35th y ...
)
** 29 March (at the Battle of Towton
The Battle of Towton took place on 29 March 1461 during the Wars of the Roses, near Towton in North Yorkshire, and "has the dubious distinction of being probably the largest and bloodiest battle on English soil". Fought for ten hours between a ...
)
***Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland
Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, (25 July 1421 – 29 March 1461) was an English magnate.
The Earldom of Northumberland was then one of the greatest landholdings in northern England; Percy also became Lord Poynings on his marr ...
(born 1421
Year 1421 ( MCDXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* February 2 – Yongle Emperor, third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, shifts the Ming ...
)
***Lionel de Welles, 6th Baron Welles
Lionel de Welles, 6th Baron Welles, KG (c. 1406 – 29 March 1461) was an English peer who served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Joint Deputy of Calais. He was slain fighting on the Lancastrian side at the Battle of Towton, and was attainte ...
(born 1406)
** 6 November – John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal (12 September 14156 November 1461) was a fifteenth-century English magnate who, despite having a relatively short political career, played a significant role in the early years of the Wars of ...
(born 1415
Year 1415 ( MCDXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* April 30 – Frederick I becomes Elector of Brandenburg.
* June 5 – The Coun ...
)
* 1462
** 26 February – John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford
John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (23 April 1408 – 26 February 1462), was the son of Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford (1385? – 15 February 1417), and his second wife, Alice Sergeaux (1386–1452). A Lancastrian loyalist during the latt ...
(executed) (born 1408)
* 1464
** 15 May – Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset
Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset (26 January 143615 May 1464) was an important Lancastrian military commander during the English Wars of the Roses. He is sometimes numbered the 2nd Duke of Somerset, because the title was re-created for his ...
(executed) (born 1436
Year 1436 ( MCDXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 11 – Eric of Pomerania is deposed from the Swedish throne for the second t ...
)
** 17 May – Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros
Thomas Ros or Roos, 9th Baron Ros of Helmsley (9 September 1427 – 17 May 1464) was a follower of the House of Lancaster during the Wars of the Roses.
Family
Thomas Ros, born 9 September 1427, was the eldest son of Thomas Ros, 8th Baron Ros ...
, politician (executed) (born 1427
Year 1427 ( MCDXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January – Spring – Radu II of Wallachia resumes the throne for the four ...
)
** 12 August – John Capgrave
John Capgrave (21 April 1393 – 12 August 1464) was an English historian, hagiographer and scholastic theologian, remembered chiefly for ''Nova Legenda Angliae'' (New Reading from England). This was the first comprehensive collection of lives o ...
, historian and theologian (born 1393)
* 1465
** 14 January – Thomas Beckington
Thomas Beckington (also spelt Beckynton; c. 139014 January 1465) was the Bishop of Bath and Wells and King's Secretary in medieval England under Henry VI.
Life
Beckington was born at Beckington in Somerset, and was educated at Winchester an ...
, statesman and prelate (born c. 1390
Year 1390 ( MCCCXC) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 19 – The Treaty of Lyck confirms an alliance between Vytautas and the Teuton ...
)
** John Hardyng
John Hardyng (or Harding; 1378–1465) was an English chronicler. He was born in Northern England.
Biography
As a boy Hardyng entered the service of Sir Henry Percy (Hotspur), with whom he was present at the Battle of Shrewsbury (1403). He the ...
, chronicler (born 1378
Year 1378 ( MCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, visits his nephew Charles V of Fran ...
)
* 1468
** 14 June – Margaret Beauchamp
Margaret Beauchamp (1404 – 14 June 1467) was the eldest daughter of Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick and his first wife, Elizabeth de Berkeley. As the eldest child of a family without male issue, Margaret was expected to inherit from h ...
, Countess (born 1404
Year 1404 (Roman numerals, MCDIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* April or May – Battle of Blackpool Sands: Local English forces defea ...
)
** 30 June – Lady Eleanor Talbot
Lady Eleanor Talbot ( – June 1468), also known by her married name Eleanor Butler (or Boteler), was an English noblewoman. She was a daughter of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury. After the death of Edward IV of England in 1483 it was cla ...
(born 1436
Year 1436 ( MCDXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 11 – Eric of Pomerania is deposed from the Swedish throne for the second t ...
)
* 1469
** 12 August – Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers
Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers (1405 – 12 August 1469), also Wydeville, was the father of Elizabeth Woodville and father-in-law of Edward IV.
Early life
Born at Maidstone in Kent, Richard Woodville was the son of Richard Wydeville ( ...
(executed) (born 1405
Year 1405 ( MCDV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1405th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 405th year of the 2nd millennium, the 5th year ...
)
References
{{England year nav