1283

Year 1283 ( MCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

* June 1 – Treaty of Rheinfelden: The 11-year-old Rudolf II is forced to relinquish his claim on the Duchies of Austria and Styria to his elder brother, Albert I. According to the terms of the agreement, concluded at the Imperial City of Rheinfelden (modern Switzerland), Rudolf receives some territories in Further Austria in return.
* June 29 – Sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq sets out for a punitive expedition and marches from Córdoba to Jaén and Úbeda, and then northwards through difficult terrain. On the third day after crossing ''al-burt'', the Marinid forces attack Montiel (a fortress belonging to the Order of Santiago) and Almedina.
* July 8 – Battle of Malta: An Aragonese fleet (some 20 galleys) under Admiral Roger of Lauria attacks and defeats the Angevin ships in the Grand Harbour, sent to help put down a rebellion on Malta. Lauria lands his troops at the harbour and after two days raises his banner on the fortified city of Mdina ("Old City").
* The first regulated Catalan Courts are reunited by King Peter III, for the whole Principality of Catalonia. It becomes one of the first medieval parliaments that bans the royal power to create legislation unilaterally.
* Daniel of Moscow, youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, unites the west side of Russia, which ends the Kievan Rus' after 300 years. He begins the Grand Duchy of Moscow under Mongol occupation.
* King Philip III (the Bold) causes a mass migration of Jews, when he outlaws their residence in the small villages and rural localities of France.
* An earthquake destroys two thirds of the cave city of Vardzia, Georgia.

England

* October 3 – Dafydd ap Gruffydd (or David), prince of Wales, is found guilty of high treason and sentenced to death. By orders of King Edward I (Longshanks) he is executed in Shrewsbury – his punishment for betraying the King – is to be hanged, drawn and quartered (first used as a form of capital punishment).
* Construction of Caernarfon Castle, Conwy Castle, and Harlech Castle begins in Wales during the reign of Edward I (Longshanks), as a system of defenses against possible future Welsh uprisings.

Levant

* June – Qalawun (the Victorious), Mamluk ruler of Egypt, signs a peace treaty for 10 years with the Crusader States at Caesarea. It guarantees the Crusaders the possession of the territory from the Ladder of Tyre, north of Acre, to Mount Carmel and Athlit. But Tyre and Beirut are excluded. The right of free pilgrimage to Nazareth is permitted for the Christians.

Africa

* Abu Ishaq Ibrahim I, ruler of the Hafsid Sultanate, is overthrown by the Bedouin rebellion, led by Abd al-Aziz I.

Asia

* February 13– 14 – Battle of Thị Nại Bay: A Mongol-led Yuan expeditionary force (some 5,000 men) lands on the beach, near Champa's capital Vijaya in Vietnam. Despite being outnumbered, the Yuan invaders break the Cham defensive line and force King Indravarman V to retreat to the Western Highlands, where he wages a successful guerrilla campaign against the occupying Yuan forces.
* Mongol invasion of Burma: Mongol forces besiege the fortress at Ngasaunggyan on September 23. The Burmese garrison withstands the siege for two months, but finally falls to the invaders on December 3. The defeat breaks the morale of the Burmese defenses. Kaungsin, the next fortress in line, falls just six days later.
* Mongol forces invade the Khmer Empire (modern Cambodia). King Jayavarman VIII decides to pay tribute rather than fight the invasion, buying peace and preserving the empire.
* Ram Khamhaeng, ruler of the Sukhothai Kingdom, creates the Thai alphabet during his reign (approximate date).

By topic

Art and Culture

* The ''Libro de los juegos'', an early European treatise on board games (including chess, dice, and a version of backgammon), is commissioned by King Alfonso X (the Wise) (approximate date).

Literature

* Ramon Llull, Spanish theologian, writes '' Blanquerna'', first major work of literature written in Catalan, and perhaps the first European novel.

Markets

* The German city of Goslar starts making efforts to redeem its already issued annuities, a sure indication of financial difficulty, and maybe an early sign of the 13th century crisis.

Religion

* January 2 – Most of Dublin, including St. Patrick's Cathedral, is burned in a fire. "Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', p. 27. Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876).

Births

* April 9 – Margaret (Maid of Norway), queen of Scotland (d. 1290)
* Anthony de Lucy (or Luci), English nobleman and knight (d. 1343)
* Fujiwara no Kinshi, Japanese empress consort and nun (d. 1352)
* Galvano Fiamma, Italian Dominican Order, Dominican monk and chronicler (d. 1344)
* Isabella of Castile, Queen of Aragon, Isabella of Castile, daughter of Sancho IV of Castile, Sancho IV (the Brave) (d. 1328)
* John of Charolais (or Clermont), French nobleman (d. 1322)
* Matteo Villani, Italian historian, chronicler and writer (d. 1363)
* Shuho Myocho, Japanese teacher and Zen Master (d. 1338)
* Siemowit II of Masovia, Polish nobleman and prince (d. 1345)
* Yoshida Kenkō, Japanese Buddhism in Japan, Buddhist monk and writer (d. 1350)

Deaths

* January 9 – Wen Tianxiang, Chinese poet and politician (b. 1236)
* March 23 – Joseph I of Constantinople, Joseph I (Galesiotes), Byzantine abbot and patriarch
* April 9 – Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway, Margaret (Maid of Scotland), queen of Kingdom of Norway (872–1397), Norway (b. 1261)
* April 23 – John Bradfield (bishop), John de Bradfield, English monk, precentor and bishop
* June 7 – Robert of Holy Island, English monk, Sacristan, sacrist and bishop
* August 12 – Blanche of Navarre, Duchess of Brittany, Blanche of Navarre, Breton noblewoman (b. 1226)
* September 26 – Princess Kuniko, Kuniko (or Hoshi), Japanese empress (b. 1209)
* October 3 – Dafydd ap Gruffydd (or David), Welsh prince (b. 1238)
* October 10 – Peter of Castile, Lord of Ledesma, Peter of Castile, Spanish prince (''infante'') (b. 1260)
* October 15 – John I of Werle, John I, German nobleman (House of Mecklenburg)
* November 27 – John of Montfort, Lord of Tyre, John of Montfort, Outremer nobleman and knight
* November 30 – John of Vercelli, Italian Master of the Order of Preachers, Master General (b. 1205)
* December 8 – Richard of Ware, English abbot and theologian
* December 15 – Philip I, Latin Emperor, Philip I (or Courtenay), Latine emperor (b. 1243)
* December 25 – Manuel of Castile, Spanish nobleman (b. 1234)
* Abutsu-ni, Japanese noblewoman, nun, poet and writer (b. 1222)
* Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland, Alexander Stewart (or Dundonald), Scottish nobleman (b. 1220)
* Ata-Malik Juvayni, Persian ruler, historian and writer (b. 1226)
* Hermann III, Count of Weimar-Orlamünde, Hermann III, German nobleman (House of Ascania) (b. 1230)
* Siraj al-Din Urmavi, Ayyubid scholar and philosopher (b. 1198)
* Xie Daoqing, Chinese empress consort and regent (b. 1210)
* Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan, Yaghmurasen ibn Zyan, Zayyanid ruler of Kingdom of Tlemcen, Tlemcen (b. 1206)
* Yolanda of Vianden, Luxembourgian nun and prioress (b. 1231)
* Zakariya al-Qazwini, Persian astronomer and writer (b. 1203)

References

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