The 126th Guards Rifle Division was a
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...
division from 1945 to 1946, part of the
Southern Group of Forces
Southern may refer to:
Businesses
* China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China
* Southern Airways, defunct US airline
* Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US
* Southern Airways Express, ...
. The 126th Guards Rifle Division was originally the 10th Guards Airborne Division (10-я гвардейская воздушно-десантная дивизия), which was transformed into a rifle division on 20 December 1945.
After briefly becoming part of 9th Mechanised Army (after
57th Army was reorganised within the
Southern Group of Forces
Southern may refer to:
Businesses
* China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China
* Southern Airways, defunct US airline
* Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US
* Southern Airways Express, ...
, the division was disbanded on 30 November 1946.
[V.I. Feskov et al 2013, 423 (top of page)]
History
The 10th Guards Airborne Division was formed on 8 December 1942 from the 3rd and 4th Maneuver Airborne Brigades in
Dimitrov in the
Moscow Military District
The Order of Lenin Moscow Military District was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The district was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1968. In 2010 it was merged with the Leningrad Military D ...
.
Until 5 February 1943, the division conducted training. The 10th Guards Airborne Division became part of the
68th Army. The division took up positions on the
Lovat River
The Lovat ( be, Ловаць ''Łovać'', ; russian: река́ Ло́вать) is a river in Vitebsk Oblast of Belarus, Usvyatsky, Velikoluksky, and Loknyansky Districts, as well as of the city of Velikiye Luki, of Pskov Oblast and Kholmsky ...
.
On 22 July, the division was withdrawn from the line in preparation for battles south of Staraya Russa. On 17 August, the division was in its positions. The
18th Army started the offensive. The 10th Guards Airborne was in reserve and was to expand gains made by the
1st Guards Airborne Division and
26th Rifle Division. The 19th Guards Airborne Regiment temporarily captured Derekovo while the 24th Guards Airborne Regiment attacked Chirikov. On 19 August, the division again attempted to capture Derekovo and Chrikov, but failed. After reinforcement, the division tried again on 22 August, but attacks stalled against fierce resistance. On 26 August, the division withdrew and concentrated at Parfino.
On 6 September, the division arrived at
Kharkov
Kharkiv ( uk, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest city and municipality in Ukraine. , where it became part of the
82nd Rifle Corps The 82nd Rifle Corps () was a rifle corps of the Red Army and later the Soviet Army.
Formed in mid-1943, the corps served with the 37th Army during most of World War II. It fought in the advance southwest from the Dnieper and into Romania and Bu ...
of the
37th Army. On 1 October, the division
crossed the
Dnieper
}
The Dnieper () or Dnipro (); , ; . is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and ...
. The 30th Guards Airborne Regiment captured the village of Mishurin Horn. The division fought battles to hold its bridgehead until 14 October.
On 16 October, the division attacked in the direction of
Krivoi Rog, which it captured. On 26 February 1944, the 10th Guards Airborne was awarded the title 'Krivoi Rog' for its successful capture of the city.
The division crossed the
Inhulets River
The Inhulets () is a river, a right tributary of the Dnieper, that flows through Ukraine. It has a length of 557 km and a drainage basin of 14,460 km².
The Inhulets has its source in the Dnieper Upland in a ravine (balka) to the we ...
at Inhul-Radionovka on 27 February. Between 13 and 14 March, the division pursued German troops in the direction of
Kazanka on the
Southern Bug. On 16 March, the division led the offensive in the direction of
Voznesensk
Voznesensk ( uk, Вознесенськ, ; russian: Вознесенск) is a city in Mykolaiv Oblast (region) of Ukraine and the administrative center of Voznesensk Raion (district). It hosts the administration of the Voznesensk urban hroma ...
. The division captured
Yelanets
Yelanets ( uk, Єланець, russian: Ела́нец) is an urban-type settlement in Voznesensk Raion of Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Yelanets settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population:
The se ...
on 18 March and Voznesensk on 23 March. Crossing the Southern Bug, the division continued to advance, capturing
Kotovsk, Bogunskiy and Oskarovku. On 4 April, during the
Odessa Offensive
Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern sho ...
, the division captured
Rozdilna
Rozdilna ( uk, Розді́льна, transliteration ''Rozdíl’na'', ) is a small city in Odesa Oblast (province) of southern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Rozdilna Raion (district
A district is a type of administrative divisi ...
. For its performance during the offensive, the division was awarded the
Order of the Red Banner
The Order of the Red Banner (russian: Орден Красного Знамени, Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of t ...
.
The division reached the
Dniester
The Dniester, ; rus, Дне́стр, links=1, Dnéstr, ˈdⁿʲestr; ro, Nistru; grc, Τύρᾱς, Tyrās, ; la, Tyrās, la, Danaster, label=none, ) ( ,) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and th ...
on 11 April in the area of
Caragaș. It crossed the river on the next day and fought to hold its bridgehead until 18 April. From 18 to 26 April, the division was transferred to
Tiraspol
Tiraspol or Tirișpolea ( ro, Tiraspol, Moldovan Cyrillic: Тираспол, ; russian: Тира́споль, ; uk, Тирасполь, Tyraspol') is the capital of Transnistria (''de facto''), a breakaway state of Moldova, where it is the th ...
, where it was replenished. On 27 April, it went back into combat around
Varnița, fighting to hold another bridgehead. On 8 May, it was withdrawn from combat again.
On 2 June, the division was concentrated near Caragas, where it conducted training until 15 August. On 20 August, the division, as part of the
37th Army fought in the
Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive
The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds each ...
. In the offensive, the division captured
Comrat
Comrat ( ro, Comrat, ; gag, Komrat, Russian and bg, Комрат, Komrat) is a city and municipality in Moldova and the capital of the autonomous region of Gagauzia. It is located in the south of the country, on the Ialpug River. In 2014, Com ...
,
Basarabeasca
Basarabeasca (, Russian: Басарабяска; Bulgarian: Бесарабка, ''Besarabka'') is a city in Moldova. It is the capital of Basarabeasca District.
Geography
The city, formerly an urban-type settlement, is located on the border wi ...
and
Leova. The division surrounded and eliminated a large group of enemy soldiers. Between 28 August and 6 September, the division mopped up German survivors on the
Prut
The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth; , uk, Прут) is a long river in Eastern Europe. It is a left tributary of the Danube. In part of its course it forms Romania's border with Moldova and Ukraine.
Characteristics
The Prut originates ...
, taking 4,000 prisoner. On 10 September, the division crossed the
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , p ...
and entered
Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
**Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
*** Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
** Romanian cuisine, tradition ...
territory. On 28 September, the division was awarded the
Order of Suvorov
The Order of Suvorov () is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named in honor of Russian Generalissimo Prince Alexander Suvorov (1729–1800).
History
The Order of Suvorov was originally a Soviet award established on July 29, 19 ...
2nd class for its actions during the Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive.
Advancing southwards, the division entered Bulgarian territory at Serdement and advanced through
Dobrych,
Pereslav and
Sliven
Sliven ( bg, Сливен ) is the eighth-largest city in Bulgaria and the administrative and industrial centre of Sliven Province and municipality in Northern Thrace.
Sliven is famous for its heroic Haiduts who fought against the Ottoman Turk ...
. On 29 September the division was in the village of Golubnitsy, where it stayed until 30 October. On 4 November, the 10th Guards Airborne began a march to
Belgrade, where it arrived on 9 November. On 18 November, it was in
Sambir, where it became part of the
57th Army's
6th Guards Rifle Corps. On 23 November, the division crossed the Danube near Botin. By 25 November, it was advancing along the line of Dushevitsa and Knyajevo, breaking through German defences. The division captured the city of Koposhvar on 2 December. On 5 December, the division advanced to Nadbayom, where it went on the defensive. Between 14 December and 6 January 1945, the division fought German counterattacks in order to hold its gains. On 6 January, the 19th and 24th Guards Airborne Regiments were awarded the
Order of Kutuzov
The Order of Kutuzov (russian: орден Кутузова ''orden Kutuzova'') is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named after famous Russian Field Marshal Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745–1813). The Order was established ...
3rd class for their actions in the crossing of the Danube.
On the same day, the division replaced the
73rd Rifle Division in another position, which it defended until 25 March. After repulsing German counterattacks, the division went on the offensive on 29 March. Breaking through German defences, the division pursued the German troops into
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
. On 4 April, the division was on the Hungarian-Yugoslav border at
Križevci
Križevci (; la, Crisium; hu, Kőrös ; german: Kreutz ) is a city in central Croatia with a total population of 21,122 and with 11,231 in the city itself (2011), the oldest city in its county, the Koprivnica-Križevci County.
History
The f ...
. On 7 April, it entered Austrian territory and was in the area of Feringa on the next day. On 19 April, it took positions in
Raabau
Raabau is a former municipality in the district of Südoststeiermark District, Südoststeiermark in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Feldbach, Styria, Feldbach.
Populat ...
, which it held to 8 May. On 9 May, the division entered
Graz, where it ended the war. In June and July, the division marched back through
Alba Iulia
Alba Iulia (; german: Karlsburg or ''Carlsburg'', formerly ''Weißenburg''; hu, Gyulafehérvár; la, Apulum) is a city that serves as the seat of Alba County in the west-central part of Romania. Located on the Mureș River in the historica ...
,
Tulcea
Tulcea (; also known by other alternative names) is a city in Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is the administrative center of Tulcea County, and had a population of 73,707 . One village, Tudor Vladimirescu, is administered by the city.
Names
The ...
to the Soviet Union, where it became the 126th Guards Rifle Division on 20 December. It was part of the
6th Guards Rifle Corps of the
57th Army in the Southern Group of Forces.
[Feskov 2013, p. 147] It was stationed in
Buda.
The division was disbanded on 30 November 1946.
Composition
The following units were part of the 10th Guards Airborne Division.
* 19th Guards Airborne Regiment Order of Kutuzov 3rd class
* 24th Guards Airborne Regiment Order of Kutuzov 3rd class
* 30th Guards Airborne Regiment
* 5th Guards Airborne Artillery Regiment
References
*
{{Soviet Union divisions before 1945
Military units and formations established in 1942
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946
Infantry divisions of the Soviet Union
1942 establishments in the Soviet Union
Military units and formations awarded the Order of the Red Banner