Year 1258 (
MCCLVIII) was a
common year starting on Tuesday
A common year starting on Tuesday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Tuesday, 1 January, and ends on Tuesday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is F. The most recent year of such kind was 2019 and the next one wi ...
(link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Mongol Empire
* February 10 – Siege of Baghdad: Mongol forces (some 150,000 men) led by Hulagu Khan besiege and conquer Baghdad after a siege of 13 days. During the first week of February, the eastern walls begin to collapse, and the Mongols swarm into the city, on February 10. Caliph Al-Musta'sim surrenders himself to Hulagu – together with all the Abbasid chief officers and officials. They are ordered to lay down their arms and are massacred. Hulagu imprisons Al-Musta'sim among his treasures to starve him to death. Meanwhile, massacres continue throughout the whole city. In 40 days about 80,000 citizens are murdered. The only survivors are the ones who are hiding in cellars which are not discovered, and a number of attractive girls and boys who are kept to be slaves, and the Christian community, who take refuge in the churches which are left undisturbed, by the special orders of Hulagu's wife, Doquz Khatun.
* February 15
Events Pre-1600
* 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus
* 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.
* 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
– Hulagu Khan enters Baghdad, where many quarters of the city are ruined by fire. The Great Library
The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world. The Library was part of a larger research institution called the Mouseion, which was dedicated to the Muses, t ...
(or House of Wisdom) is destroyed, numerous precious book collections are thrown into the Tigris River. Before the siege, about 400,000 manuscripts are rescued by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tūsī ( fa, محمد ابن محمد ابن حسن طوسی 18 February 1201 – 26 June 1274), better known as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ( fa, نصیر الدین طوسی, links=no; or simply Tusi in the West ...
, Persian polymath and theologian, who takes them to Maragheh (located in East Azerbaijan Province). With the sack of Baghdad ends the Abbasid Golden Age, many professors, physician, scientist, clerics, artist and lectures are massacred.
Europe
* May 11
Events 1601–1900
*1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons.
*1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...
– Treaty of Corbeil: King Louis IX (the Saint) signs a peace treaty with King James I (the Conqueror). Louis, heir of Charlemagne, formally renounces his feudal overlordship over Catalonia (independent ''de facto'' since 988
Year 988 ( CMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Fall – Emperor Basil II, supported by a contingent of 6,000 Varangians ...
), while James renounces his claims over Occitania
Occitania ( oc, Occitània , , or ) is the historical region in Western Europe, Western and Southern Europe where the Occitan language, Occitan language was historically spoken and where it is sometimes still used as a second language. This ...
.
* June – War of the Euboeote Succession: Achaean forces under William II Villehardouin defeat a coalition of Greek princes led by Guy I de la Roche (Great Lord), duke of Athens, which ends the conflict, on August 6
Events Pre-1600
*1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean.
* 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...
.
* August 10 – Manfred
''Manfred: A dramatic poem'' is a closet drama written in 1816–1817 by Lord Byron. It contains supernatural elements, in keeping with the popularity of the ghost story in England at the time. It is a typical example of a Gothic fiction.
Byr ...
, son of the late Emperor Frederick II, is crowned king of Sicily at Palermo
Palermo ( , ; scn, Palermu , locally also or ) is a city in southern Italy, the capital (political), capital of both the autonomous area, autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo, the city's surrounding metropolitan ...
. Pope Alexander IV, who has an alliance with the Saracens, declares the coronation void and excommunicates Manfred.
* August 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs.
* 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...
– Theodore II (Laskaris) dies after a 4-year reign at Magnesia. He is succeeded by his 7-year-old son, John IV, as ruler of the Empire of Nicaea
The Empire of Nicaea or the Nicene Empire is the conventional historiographic name for the largest of the three Byzantine Greek''A Short history of Greece from early times to 1964'' by W. A. Heurtley, H. C. Darby, C. W. Crawley, C. M. Woodhouse ...
. His regent becomes the bureaucrat George Mouzalon.
* August 25 – George Mouzalon is assassinated in Magnesia ad Sipylum, as part of a conspiracy led by Byzantine nobles, under future Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiologos).
* Gissur Þorvaldsson, Icelandic chieftain (or goði), is made Earl of Iceland for his loyal service to King Haakon IV (the Old).
England
* May 2 – King Henry III accepts the demand of Simon de Montfort and his baronial supporters that the government is reformed with a committee of 22 barons, including the king. As an act of faith, Simon de Montfort hands over his estates at Odiham and Kenilworth as part of the proposals. The Provisions of Oxford establish baronial control of the government, also known as the Oxford Parliament, on June 11.
* Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, proclaims himself Prince of Wales, first used in an agreement between Llywelyn and his supporters and the Scottish nobility. He becomes the final ruler of an independent Wales, before its conquest by future King Edward I (Longshanks).
Levant
* June 25 – Battle of Acre: The Genoese sends an armada (some 50 galleys) to relieve the blockade at Acre
The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial
Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism.
Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to:
Places
United States
* Imperial, California
* Imperial, Missouri
* Imp ...
and asks the assistance of Philip of Montfort, lord of Tyre, and the Knights Hospitaller for a combined attack from the land side. The Genoese fleet's arrival takes the Venetians by surprise but the superior experience and seamanship result in a crushing Venetian victory, with half the Genoese ships lost. Later, the Genoese garrison is forced to abandon Acre.
Asia
* Mongol invasions of Vietnam: Mongol forces (some 30,000 men) under Uriyangkhadai, son of Subutai
Subutai (Classical Mongolian: ''Sübügätäi'' or ''Sübü'ätäi''; Modern Mongolian: Сүбээдэй, ''Sübeedei''. ; ; c. 1175–1248) was a Mongol general and the primary military strategist of Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan. He directed m ...
, invade Vietnam. After many battles, the Vietnam army is routed and defeated. The senior leaders are able to escape on pre-prepared boats, while the remnants are destroyed on the banks of the Red River. The Mongols occupy the capital city, Thăng Long (modern-day Hanoi), and massacred the city's inhabitants, by the end of January.
By topic
Global
* The consequences of the volcanic Samalas eruption (see 1257
Year 1257 (Roman numerals, MCCLVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Spring – The Epirote–Nicaean conflict (1257–59), Epirote–Nicae ...
) in Indonesia include the following anecdotal accounts: very dry fog in France; lunar eclipses in England; severe winter in Europe; a harsh spring in Iceland; famine in England, Germany, France and Italy; and pestilence in London, parts of France, Austria, Iraq, Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
, and southeast Turkey.
Markets
* In Genoa, the Republic starts imposing forced loans, known as ''luoghi'', to its taxpayers; they are a common resource of medieval public finance.
Religion
* Civil unrest in northern Italy spawns the medieval music
Medieval music encompasses the sacred and secular music of Western Europe during the Middle Ages, from approximately the 6th to 15th centuries. It is the first and longest major era of Western classical music and followed by the Renaissance ...
al form of Geisslerlieder
In medieval music, the ''Geisslerlieder'', or Flagellant songs, were the songs of the wandering bands of flagellants, who overspread Europe during two periods of mass hysteria: the first during the middle of the 13th century, and the second duri ...
, penitential songs sung by wandering bands of Flagellant
Flagellants are practitioners of a form of mortification of the flesh by whipping their skin with various instruments of penance. Many Christian confraternities of penitents have flagellants, who beat themselves, both in the privacy of their dwel ...
s.
Births
*
March 8 –
Arghun Khan, Mongol ruler of the
Ilkhanate (d.
1291)
*
October 10 –
Joachim Piccolomini, Italian
altar server
An altar server is a lay assistant to a member of the clergy during a Christian liturgy. An altar server attends to supporting tasks at the altar such as fetching and carrying, ringing the altar bell, helps bring up the gifts, brings up the bo ...
(d.
1305)
*
December 7 –
Trần Nhân Tông, Vietnamese emperor (d.
1308)
*
Bertrand of Saint-Geniès
Bertrand (or Bertram) of Saint-Geniès (1258 – 6 June 1350) was the patriarch of Aquileia from 1334 until his death.
Biography
Bertram was born in Gascony, and became a jurist in the University of Toulouse and papal chaplain. On 4 June 1334 he ...
, French jurist and patriarch (d.
1350
Year 1350 ( MCCCL) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 9 – Giovanni II Valente becomes Doge of Genoa.
* May 23 (possible date) &n ...
)
*
Ferrantino Malatesta Ferrantino Malatesta (1258 – 12 November 1353) was a lord of Rimini and several other lands in northern Italy, a member of the House of Malatesta, Malatesta family.
He was the son of Malatestino dell'Occhio, becoming lord in Rimini after the deat ...
, Italian
nobleman and knight (d.
1353
Year 1353 ( MCCCLIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* March 3 – Bern signs an alliance with the Old Swiss Confederacy.
Date unknown ...
)
*
Henry I, German nobleman (
House of Schaumburg) (d.
1304
Year 1304 ( MCCCIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Battle of Skafida: Emperor Michael IX (Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine expedit ...
)
*
Henryk IV (the Righteous), High Duke of
Poland (d.
1290
Year 1290 ( MCCXC) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* July 10 – King Ladislaus IV (the Cuman) is assassinated at the castle of Köröss ...
)
*
John I John I may refer to:
People
* John I (bishop of Jerusalem)
* John Chrysostom (349 – c. 407), Patriarch of Constantinople
* John of Antioch (died 441)
* Pope John I, Pope from 523 to 526
* John I (exarch) (died 615), Exarch of Ravenna
* John I o ...
, French nobleman (
House of Chalon-Arlay
The House of Chalon-Arlay was a French noble house, a cadet branch of the House of Ivrea. The founder of the house is John I of Chalon-Arlay, fifth son of John, Count of Chalon. When John III lord of Arlay married to Mary de Baux, princess of ...
) (d.
1315)
*
Liu Guandao
Liu Guandao or Liu Kuan-tao (; 1258 1336), courtesy name Zhong Xian (), was a Chinese court artist active during the Yuan dynasty. A native of Zhongshan (now Dingxian), Hebei, much of his work is in a realist style, and in 1279 he rose to promi ...
(or Zhong Xian), Chinese
court artist (d.
1336)
*
Usman Serajuddin
ʿUthmān Sirāj ad-Dīn al-Bangālī ( ar, عثمان سراج الدين البنغالي; 1258-1357), known affectionately by followers as Akhi Siraj ( bn, আখি সিরাজ), was a 14th-century Bengali Muslim Islamic scholar, scholar. ...
, Bengali
Sufi
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
scholar and
mystic (d.
1357
Year 1357 (Roman numerals, MCCCLVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* February 3 – The Estates General (France), Estates General in King ...
)
Deaths
*
January 6
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...
–
Konrad I von Wallhausen
Konrad von Wallhausen otherwise Konrad I of Meissen or Konrad I von Wallhausen (died 6 January 1258) was Bishop of Meissen from 1240 to 1258.Eduard Machatschek: ''Geschichte der Bischöfe des Hochstiftes Meissen in chronologischer Reihenfolge (...) ...
, bishop of
Meissen
Meissen (in German orthography: ''Meißen'', ) is a town of approximately 30,000 about northwest of Dresden on both banks of the Elbe river in the Free State of Saxony, in eastern Germany. Meissen is the home of Meissen porcelain, the Albrecht ...
*
February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...
–
Al-Musta'sim, Abbasid caliph of
Baghdad
*
March 26 –
Floris de Voogd
Floris de Voogd (c. 1228 – March 26, 1258 in Antwerp) "the guardian" of Holland, son of Floris IV, Count of Holland (1210–1234) and Matilda of Brabant (ca. 1202-1267). He reigned temporarily for William II of Holland while the latter was enga ...
, Dutch nobleman (b.
1228)
*
April 5
Events Pre-1600
* 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
* 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...
**
Juliana of Liège
Juliana of Liège (also called Juliana of Mount-Cornillon), ( 1192 or 1193 – 5 April 1258) was a medieval Norbertine canoness regular and mystic in what is now Belgium. Traditional scholarly sources have long recognized her as the promoter ...
, Flemish nun, mystic and saint
**
Pełka (or Fulko), Polish archbishop of
Gniezno
*
April 14 –
Rüdiger of Bergheim Bistumswappen of Passau.Rüdiger von Bergheim (c.1175 – 14 April 1258) was Bishop of Chiemsee from 1216 to 1233 and Bishop of Passau from 1233 to 1250.
Biography
Rüdiger came from the Salzburg ministerial of the Bergheimer. Since 1198 he was ...
, German bishop (b.
1175
Year 1175 ( MCLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
England
* King Henry II begins living openly with his mistress Rosamund Clifford, raising susp ...
)
*
May 10
Events Pre-1600
* 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China.
*1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...
–
Sewal de Bovil, English cleric and archbishop
*
June 2
**
Edmund de Lacy, English nobleman and knight
**
Peter I (or Pedro), Portuguese prince (b.
1187
Year 1187 ( MCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Spring – Emperor Isaac II (Angelos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary ...
)
*
June 15 –
Ada of Holland, Dutch noblewoman (b.
1208
Year 1208 ( MCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Asia
* April 15 – A fire breaks out in the Song Chinese capital city of Hangzhou, raging for ...
)
*
July 22 –
Meinhard I
Meinhard I ( – 22 July 1258), a member of the House of Gorizia (''Meinhardiner''), was Count of Gorizia (as Meinhard III) from 1231 and Count of Tyrol from 1253 until his death.
Life
He was the son of Count Engelbert III of Gorizia and h ...
, count of
Gorizia (
House of Gorizia)
*
August 8 –
Henry of Lexington, English cleric and bishop
*
August 18 –
Theodore II (Laskaris), emperor of
Nicaea
*
August 25 –
George Mouzalon, Byzantine high official
*
August 28 –
Gerhard II of Lippe Gerhard is a name of Germanic origin and may refer to:
Given name
* Gerhard (bishop of Passau) (fl. 932–946), German prelate
* Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (1292–1340), German prince, regent of Denmark
* Gerhard Barkhorn (1919–1 ...
, German archbishop
*
November 8 –
Grzymisława of Łuck, Polish princess
*
November 10 –
William de Bondington, Scottish bishop
*
November 23 –
John Fitzgeoffrey, English nobleman
*
Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq
Abu Yahya Abu Bakr ibn Abd al-Haqq () (died 1258) was a Marinid ruler.
Life
He was the son of Abd al-Haqq I and the brother of both Uthman I and Muhammad I. He shared, in advance, Morocco among the various Marinid clans then grouped togeth ...
, Marinid ruler of
Morocco
*
Abul Hasan al-Shadhili
Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili ( ar, أبو الحسن الشاذلي) (full name: Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Ḥasanī wal-Ḥusaynī al-Shādhilī) also known as Sheikh al-Shadhili (593–656 AH) (1196–1258 AD ...
, Almohad Sufi leader (b.
1196
Year 1196 ( MCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* December – Emperor Alexios III (Angelos) is threatened by Emperor Henry VI, ...
)
*
Al-Mahdi Ahmad bin al-Husayn Al-Mahdi Ahmad bin al-Husayn (1216-1258) was an imam of the Zaidi state in Yemen who ruled in the period 1248–1258. He was considered by some a sacred figure on account of his violent end in battle.
Assumption of the imamate
Ahmad bin al-Husayn ...
, Yemeni ruler (b.
1216)
*
Baha al-Din Zuhayr
Baha al-Din Zuhayr ( ar, بهاء الدين زهير; 1186–1258) was an Arabian poet born at or near Mecca, and became celebrated as the best writer of prose and verse and the best calligrapher of his time.
Life
He entered the service o ...
, Arab secretary and poet (b.
1186
Year 1186 (Roman numerals, MCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
* January 27 – Constance of Sicily marries Henry (the future Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor) ...
)
*
Bartholomew of Brescia
Bartholomew of Brescia (b. probably in the second half of the 12th century at Brescia; died 1258) was an Italian canonist.
Life
He studied Roman and ecclesiastical law at Bologna, where he himself became a teacher. It is believed that he was murd ...
, Italian teacher and
canonist
*
Bruno of Altena-Isenberg, prince-bishop of
Osnabrück
*
Choe Ui
Choe Ui (1233 – 1258) (최의) was the fourth and last Choe dictator of the Ubong Choe Military regime.
Biography
When he was born in 1233, his father was a monk. In 1257, Choe Ui became military leader of Goryeo after his father's death. He ...
, Korean military leader and dictator (b.
1233
Year 1233 (Roman numerals, MCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* War of the Lombards: Lombard forces at Kyrenia surrender to John of Ib ...
)
*
Clement of Dunblane
Clement (died 1258) was a 13th-century Dominican friar who was the first member of the Dominican Order in Britain and Ireland to become a bishop. In 1233, he was selected to lead the ailing diocese of Dunblane in Scotland, and faced a strugg ...
, Scottish cleric, friar and bishop
*
Eberhard von Sayn, German knight and
Landmeister
*
Fujiwara no Tomoie
Fujiwara no Tomoie (藤原知家 1182 - 1258) was a ''waka'' poet and Japanese nobleman active in the Heian period and early Kamakura period
The is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate, officially est ...
, Japanese nobleman (b.
1182
Year 1182 ( MCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* April – Massacre of the Latins: The Eastern Orthodox inhabitants of Con ...
)
*
Guillaume de Chateauneuf
Guillaume de Chateauneuf (died c. 1258, in Acre, Israel, Acre) was the nineteenth List of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller, serving first from 1242–1244 as the successor to Pierre de Vieille-Brio ...
, French Grand Master
*
Hong Bok-won
Hong Bok-won (1206–1258) was a Goryeo commander who later served as an administrator of the Mongol Empire.
He was born to Hong Daesun (洪大純), an officer in northwestern Korea.Oleg Pirozhenko, 'Political Trends of Hong Bog Won Clan in the P ...
, Korean general and official (b.
1206
Year 1206 ( MCCVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* January 31 – Battle of Rusion: The Bulgarian forces (some 7,000 men), und ...
)
*
Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, Abbasid scholar and writer (b.
1190
Year 1190 ( MCXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Spring – A German expeditionary force (some 15,000 men) led by Emperor Fred ...
)
*
Ingerd Jakobsdatter, Danish noblewoman (b.
1200)
*
John of Arsuf (or Ibelin), Outremer nobleman (b.
1211
Year 1211 ( MCCXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* June 17 – Battle of Antioch on the Meander: Seljuk forces led by Sultan ...
)
*
John of Wallingford, English
abbot, historian and writer
*
Robert de la Piere
Robert de la Piere (died 1258) was a trouvère of the so-called "school" of Arras. In his time Robert's bourgeois family was prominent in Arras, though the earliest known member is only recorded in 1212. Robert served as a magistrate in 1255, as a ...
, French
magistrate and
troubadour
*
Sulaiman Shah
Shahab al Din Sulaiman shah ( ar, شهاب الدین سلیمان شاه, ku, Şehabeddin Suleyman Şah شەھابەدین سولەیمان شا, d. February 1258 AD) was a Kurdish governor of Kurdistan and an Abbasid officer who was promoted ...
, Abbasid officer, general and governor
*
Walter Comyn, Scottish
magnate
The magnate term, from the late Latin ''magnas'', a great man, itself from Latin ''magnus'', "great", means a man from the higher nobility, a man who belongs to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or ot ...
, adviser and
regent
References
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