![RisaCornwall](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/RisaCornwall.jpg)
Year 1257 (
MCCLVII) was a
common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar, proposed by Roman consul Julius Caesar in 46 BC, was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on , by edict. It was designed with the aid of Greek mathematicians and astronomers such as Sosigenes of Alexandr ...
.
Events
By place
Europe
* Spring – The Epirote–Nicaean conflict
In the period between 1257 and 1259 the Despotate of Epirus and Empire of Nicaea fought each other for Byzantine territories. Nicaea had by 1253 occupied Macedonia and Albania, and forced Despot Michael II of Epirus to submission. Michael II, fea ...
begins between the Despotate of Epirus
The Despotate of Epirus ( gkm, Δεσποτᾶτον τῆς Ἠπείρου) was one of the Greek successor states of the Byzantine Empire established in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 by a branch of the Angelos dynasty. It claim ...
and the Empire of Nicaea
The Empire of Nicaea or the Nicene Empire is the conventional historiographic name for the largest of the three Byzantine Greek''A Short history of Greece from early times to 1964'' by W. A. Heurtley, H. C. Darby, C. W. Crawley, C. M. Woodhouse ...
. Despot Michael II Komnenos Doukas
Michael II Komnenos Doukas, Latinized as Comnenus Ducas ( el, Μιχαήλ Β΄ Κομνηνός Δούκας, ''Mikhaēl II Komnēnos Doukas''), often called Michael Angelos in narrative sources, was from 1230 until his death in 1266/68 the rule ...
revolts and defeats the Nicaean army under George Akropolites George Akropolites ( Latinized as Acropolites or Acropolita; el, , ''Georgios Akropolites''; 1217 or 1220 – 1282) was a Byzantine Greek historian and statesman born at Constantinople.
Life
In his sixteenth year he was sent by his father, the ...
. The Epirote and Serbian forces join their attacks against Michael, who sends his forces into Macedonia
Macedonia most commonly refers to:
* North Macedonia, a country in southeastern Europe, known until 2019 as the Republic of Macedonia
* Macedonia (ancient kingdom), a kingdom in Greek antiquity
* Macedonia (Greece), a traditional geographic reg ...
and marches on Thessalonica
Thessaloniki (; el, Θεσσαλονίκη, , also known as Thessalonica (), Saloniki, or Salonica (), is the second-largest city in Greece, with over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of the geographic region of ...
. In response, Michael is attacked – on the west coast of Epirus – by Manfred of Sicily. Manfred first occupies the major Ionian Islands, including Corfu
Corfu (, ) or Kerkyra ( el, Κέρκυρα, Kérkyra, , ; ; la, Corcyra.) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece. The isl ...
. Then he lands on the Albanian coast and takes Durazzo, Berat, Valona and their environs.
* January 13
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years.
* 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...
– At the first recorded meeting of the college of the seven Electors of the Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution i ...
, the 48-year-old Richard of Cornwall (the brother of King Henry III of England
Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272. The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry a ...
) is elected King of the Romans
King of the Romans ( la, Rex Romanorum; german: König der Römer) was the title used by the king of Germany following his election by the princes from the reign of Henry II (1002–1024) onward.
The title originally referred to any German k ...
. He is crowned at Aachen
Aachen ( ; ; Aachen dialect: ''Oche'' ; French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle; or ''Aquisgranum''; nl, Aken ; Polish: Akwizgran) is, with around 249,000 inhabitants, the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, and the 28th- ...
, on May 17. His candidacy is opposed by King Alfonso X
Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, es, el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germ ...
(the Wise), Pope Alexander IV and King Louis IX
Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis or Louis the Saint, was King of France from 1226 to 1270, and the most illustrious of the Direct Capetians. He was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the d ...
(the Saint) favour Alfonso, but both are ultimately convinced by Richard's sister-in-law, Queen Eleanor of Provence
Eleanor of Provence (c. 1223 – 24/25 June 1291) was a French noblewoman who became Queen of England as the wife of King Henry III from 1236 until his death in 1272. She served as regent of England during the absence of her spouse in 1253.
...
, to support Richard.
* The pagan Karelians
Karelians ( krl, karjalaižet, karjalazet, karjalaiset, Finnish: , sv, kareler, karelare, russian: Карелы) are a Finnic ethnic group who are indigenous to the historical region of Karelia, which is today split between Finland and Russi ...
start a destructive expedition to Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
in which King Valdemar requests Alexander IV to declare a crusade against them. This leads to the Third Swedish Crusade to Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...
(see 1293
Year 1293 ( MCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By area Africa
* December – Mamluk sultan of Egypt Khalil is assassinated by his regent Baydara Badr al- ...
).
British Isles
* Battle of Cadfan
The Battle of Cadfan was fought between English and Welsh forces in 1257. The battle consisted of two military engagements; one at Coed Llathen and the other at Cymerau. The word ''Cadfan'' is Welsh for "place of battle".
Background
In the year ...
: An English expeditionary army under Stephen Bauzan
Sir Stephen Bauzan (born after 1210 – died 1257) was an English knight. Stephen descended from a prominent family originating in Devon/Cornwall.
Move to Wales
Bauzan first came to South Wales in the service of Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pemb ...
is ambushed and defeated by Welsh forces. The English are decimated by devastating guerilla attacks and the Welsh capture the English supply train. Stephen Bauzan is killed along with some 1,000–3,000 of his men. The remaining English flee the battle, Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd is said to have been present at the battle, collecting spoils from the fallen English army. According to sources, it is one of the greatest victories of a Welsh army in the field against a much more powerful English force.
* King Henry III orders the production of a twenty pence, English coin of pure gold. Unfortunately, the bullion
Bullion is non-ferrous metal that has been refined to a high standard of elemental purity. The term is ordinarily applied to bulk metal used in the production of coins and especially to precious metals such as gold and silver. It comes from t ...
value of the coins is about 20% higher than the nominal face value, leading to poor circulation, as coins are melted down by individuals for their gold content.
* Henry III relents to the demands of his son Edward
Edward is an English given name. It is derived from the Anglo-Saxon name ''Ēadweard'', composed of the elements '' ēad'' "wealth, fortune; prosperous" and '' weard'' "guardian, protector”.
History
The name Edward was very popular in Anglo-Sa ...
(the Lord Edward) for assistance to fight the Welsh (see 1256
Year 1256 (Roman numerals, MCCLVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Mongol Empire
* Spring – Mongol forces (some 80,000 men) under Hulagu Khan cr ...
). He joins him on a campaign to retake the territories lost to the Welsh forces led by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd.
* Battle of Creadran Cille: Norman invading forces under Maurice FitzGerald are driven out by Gofraid O'Donnell
Gofraid O'Donnell (Irish language, Irish: ''Gofraidh Ó Domhnaill'') was a king of Tyrconnell and the first chieftain of mark in the O'Donnell dynasty.
Early years
O'Donnell was a son of Donal Mor O'Donnell (died 1241).
Career
O'Donnell rapidly ...
in northern Connacht
Connacht ( ; ga, Connachta or ), is one of the provinces of Ireland, in the west of Ireland. Until the ninth century it consisted of several independent major Gaelic kingdoms (Uí Fiachrach, Uí Briúin, Uí Maine, Conmhaícne, and Delbhn ...
. Later, FitzGerald is killed in personal combat by O'Donnell, on May 20
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church.
* 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...
.
Levant
* Venetian–Genoese War: The Venetian fleet under Admiral Lorenzo Tiepolo
Lorenzo Tiepolo (died August 15, 1275) was Doge of Venice from 1268 until his death.
Biography
Born in Venice, Lorenzo Tiepolo was the son of Doge Jacopo Tiepolo.
Tiepolo demonstrated skill as commander when, during the War of Saint Sabas with ...
breaks through the harbour chain at Acre
The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial
Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism.
Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to:
Places
United States
* Imperial, California
* Imperial, Missouri
* Imp ...
and destroys several Genoese ships. He also attacks the fortifications but Tiepolo is unable to expel the Genoese garrison (some 800 men strong and armed with 50–60 ballistae), from their quarter of the city throwing up a blockade.
* April 10
Events Pre-1600
* 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles).
* 1407 ...
– Izz al-Din Aybak, Mamluk sultan of Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
, is murdered on orders of his wife, Shajar al-Durr. He is succeeded by his 14-year-old son, Nur al-Din Ali, as ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate (until 1259
Year 1259 ( MCCLIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Europe
* September – Battle of Pelagonia: The Empire of Nicaea defeats the Principality of Ac ...
).
Mongol Empire
* Spring – Mongol forces under Uriyangkhadai
Uriyangkhadai ( Modern Mongolian: Mongolian Cyrillic: Урианхадай, , , – ) was an Uriankhai general in the Mongol Empire who led several campaigns during the 13th century Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty, including the first Mongo ...
conduct a campaign against local Yi and Lolo tribes in Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
. He returns to Gansu
Gansu (, ; alternately romanized as Kansu) is a province in Northwest China. Its capital and largest city is Lanzhou, in the southeast part of the province.
The seventh-largest administrative district by area at , Gansu lies between the Tibet ...
and sends messengers to the court of Möngke Khan
Möngke ( mn, ' / Мөнх '; ; 11 January 1209 – 11 August 1259) was the fourth khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire, ruling from 1 July 1251, to 11 August 1259. He was the first Khagan from the Toluid line, and made significant reforms ...
informing him that Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is ...
is firmly under Mongolian control. Möngke Khan honors and rewards Uriyangkhadai for his military achievements.
* Winter – Mongol forces move down from their base at Hamadan, while Baiju Noyan crosses the Tigris River at Mosul
Mosul ( ar, الموصل, al-Mawṣil, ku, مووسڵ, translit=Mûsil, Turkish: ''Musul'', syr, ܡܘܨܠ, Māwṣil) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate. The city is considered the second large ...
with his army. On the left-wing Kitbuqa enters the plain of Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
, while Mongol forces under Hulagu Khan
Hulagu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulegu ( mn, Хүлэгү/ , lit=Surplus, translit=Hu’legu’/Qülegü; chg, ; Arabic: fa, هولاکو خان, ''Holâku Khân;'' ; 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of West ...
advance through Kermanshah.
Asia
* March – The Japanese Kōgen era ends and the Shōka era begins during the reign of the 14-year-old Emperor Go-Fukakusa (until 1259).
By topic
City and Towns
* June 5
Events Pre-1600
*1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights.
*1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...
– The city of Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
is granted Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...
by High Duke Bolesław V (the Chaste), having been rebuilt after being nearly destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Poland.
Education
* Louis IX (the Saint) confirms the foundation by his chaplain Robert de Sorbon of the College of Sorbonne in Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
, giving a formal college (and still-common name) to the already existing University of Paris
, image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg
, image_size = 150px
, caption = Coat of Arms
, latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis
, motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin)
, mottoeng = Here and a ...
.
Literature
* Matthew Paris, English monk and chronicler, personally interviews Henry III for an entire week while compiling his major work of English history, ''Chronica Majora
The ''Chronica Majora'' is the seminal work of Matthew Paris, a member of the English Benedictine community of St Albans and long-celebrated historian. The work begins with Creation and contains annals down to the year of Paris' death of 1259. ...
''.
Natural Disaster
* Samalas eruption: Mount Samalas volcano erupts on Lombok Island, Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
. One of the largest volcanic eruptions in the past 10,000 years, it creates severe climatic changes across the globe, leading to severe famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including war, natural disasters, crop failure, Demographic trap, population imbalance, widespread poverty, an Financial crisis, economic catastrophe or government policies. Th ...
and death, and to one of the biggest geopolitical changes across the globe over the next few centuries.
Births
*
March 24 –
Yolanda I, French noblewoman (d.
1314
Events
* March 18 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake in Paris, France.
* April 4 – Exeter College, Oxford is founded in England by Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Ex ...
)
*
August 15 –
Muhammad III, ruler of
Granada
Granada (,, DIN 31635, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the fo ...
(d. 1314)
*
October 14
Events Pre-1600
*1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings.
* 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's i ...
–
Przemysł II, king of
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
(d.
1296
Year 1296 ( MCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* March 30 – Capture of Berwick: King Edward I of England storms and captures Berwick ...
)
*
Agnes of Brandenburg
Agnes of Brandenburg (c. 1257 – 29 September 1304) was a Danish Queen consort by marriage to King Eric V of Denmark. As a widow, she served as the regent of Denmark for her son, King Eric VI, during his minority from 1286 until 1293.
Life
She ...
, queen of
Denmark
)
, song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast")
, song_type = National and royal anthem
, image_map = EU-Denmark.svg
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark
...
(d.
1304
Year 1304 ( MCCCIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Battle of Skafida: Emperor Michael IX (Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine expedit ...
)
*
Beatrice of Burgundy, French noblewoman (d.
1310
Year 1310 ( MCCCX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Spring – Siege of Algeciras: Castilian forces led by King Ferdinand IV (the Summ ...
)
*
Frederick I (the Brave), German
nobleman (d.
1323
Year 1323 ( MCCCXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* March 6 – Treaty of Paris: Louis I, Count of Flanders relinquishes his claim ...
)
*
Malise III of Strathearn, Scottish nobleman (d.
1312
Year 1312 ( MCCCXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* June 15 – Battle of Rozgony
The Battle of Rozgony or Battle of Rozhanovce was f ...
)
*
Parsoma
Saint Parsoma the Naked ( Coptic: Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲡⲁⲣⲥⲱⲙⲁ Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲃⲏϣ) (1257–1317) is a Coptic saint, recognized by the Coptic Orthodox Church.
History
Early life
Parsoma was born in Cairo. His father was El-Wageeh Mou ...
(the Naked), Egyptian Coptic
hermit
A hermit, also known as an eremite (adjectival form: hermitic or eremitic) or solitary, is a person who lives in seclusion. Eremitism plays a role in a variety of religions.
Description
In Christianity, the term was originally applied to a Ch ...
(d.
1317
Year 1317 ( MCCCXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
December
* December 10– 11 – King Birger of Sweden has his brothers, Dukes Eric and Valdemar, c ...
)
*
Philip III of Falkenstein
Philip III of Falkenstein (german: Philipp III. von Falkenstein, 1257 – 9 February 1322), Lord of Falkenstein, Münzenberg and Lich, Hesse was a member of the Lich line of the Falkenstein dynasty, son of , Lord of Münzenberg and Falkens ...
, count of
Münzenberg
Münzenberg is a town in the Wetteraukreis district in Hesse, Germany. It is located 13 km north of Friedberg, and 16 km southeast of Gießen. Münzenberg Castle
Münzenberg Castle (German. ''Burg Münzenberg'') is a ruined hill castl ...
(d.
1322
Year 1322 ( MCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 6 – Stephen Uroš III Dečanski is crowned King of Serbia, having defea ...
)
*
Robert de Vere, English nobleman and knight (d.
1331
Year 1331 ( MCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
September–December
* September 8 – Stefan Dusan declares himself king of Serbia.
* September 27 ...
)
*
William Russell, English nobleman and knight (d.
1311
Year 1311 ( MCCCXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 6 – Henry VII is crowned King of Italy in Milan, and on February 12 cru ...
)
Deaths
*
April 10
Events Pre-1600
* 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople.
* 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles).
* 1407 ...
–
Izz al-Din Aybak, ruler of the
Mamluk Sultanate
*
April 26 –
Euphemia de Walliers
Euphemia de Walliers (1100s – 26 April 1257) was a Benedictine nun of Flemish descent who became the abbess of Wherwell Abbey. She is known for building and rebuilding at the abbey whilst the number of nuns rose by 40 to 80 during her management ...
, English nun and
abbess
An abbess (Latin: ''abbatissa''), also known as a mother superior, is the female superior of a community of Catholic nuns in an abbey.
Description
In the Catholic Church (both the Latin Church and Eastern Catholic), Eastern Orthodox, Coptic ...
*
May 3 –
Katherine of England, English princess (b.
1253
Year 1253 ( MCCLIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Europe
* January 18 – King Henry I (the Fat) dies and is succeeded by his son Hugh II, w ...
)
*
May 5 –
Haakon the Young
Haakon Haakonsson the Young (Norwegian: ''Håkon Håkonsson Unge'', Old Norse: ''Hákon Hákonarson hinn ungi'') (10 November 1232 – 5 May 1257) was the son of king Haakon Haakonsson of Norway, and held the title of king, subordinate to his fa ...
, junior king of
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...
(b.
1232
Year 1232 ( MCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* June 15 – Battle of Agridi: The Cypriot army under King Henry I (the Fat) defeats ...
)
*
May 17 –
Choe Hang, Korean general and dictator (b.
1209
Year 1209 ( MCCIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* May – The First Parliament of Ravennika, convened by Emperor Henry of Flanders, i ...
)
*
May 20
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church.
* 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...
–
Maurice FitzGerald, Norman nobleman and knight
*
June 4 –
Przemysł I, Polish nobleman and co-ruler (b.
1221
Year 1221 ( MCCXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* November – Emperor Theodore I (Laskaris) dies after a 16-year reign a ...
)
*
June 8
Events Pre-1600
* 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus.
* 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...
–
Simon of Elmham
Simon of Elmham (died 8 June 1257) was a medieval Bishop-elect of Norwich.
Life
Simon was Prior of Norwich from 1235. , English
prior
Prior (or prioress) is an ecclesiastical title for a superior in some religious orders. The word is derived from the Latin for "earlier" or "first". Its earlier generic usage referred to any monastic superior. In abbeys, a prior would be l ...
and bishop-elect
*
August 15 –
Hyacinth of Poland, Polish missionary (b.
1185
Year 1185 ( MCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* August – King William II (the Good) lands in Epirus with a Siculo-Nor ...
)
*
December 24
Events Pre-1600
* 502 – Chinese emperor Xiao Yan names Xiao Tong his heir designate.
* 640 – Pope John IV is elected, several months after his predecessor's death.
* 759 – Tang dynasty poet Du Fu departs for Chengdu, whe ...
–
John of Avesnes, count of
Hainaut (b.
1218
Year 1218 ( MCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Fifth Crusade
* May 24 – A Crusader expeditionary force, (some 30,000 men) under King Joh ...
)
*
December 26 –
Richard Blund
__NOTOC__
Richard Blund (or Richard Blundy; died 1257) was a medieval Bishop of Exeter.
Life
Blund's family was an important one in the city of Exeter, as his brother Hilary was mayor of Exeter twice, from 1224 to 1230 and from about 1234 to 1 ...
(or Blundy), English bishop
*
Lanfranc Cigala
Lanfranc Cigala (or Cicala) ( it, Lanfranco, oc, Lafranc; fl. 1235–1257) was a Genoese nobleman, knight, judge, and man of letters of the mid thirteenth century. He remains one of the most famous Occitan troubadours of Lombardy. Thirty-two o ...
(or Cicala), Genoese nobleman and knight
*
Maria of Antioch-Armenia
Maria of Antioch-Armenia (1215–1257) was lady of Toron from 1229 to her death. She was the elder daughter of Raymond-Roupen, prince of Antioch, and of Helvis of Lusignan. She derived her title of Lady of Toron and claim to the throne of Armen ...
, Outremer noblewoman (b.
1215
Year 1215 ( MCCXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
England
* March 4 – King John (Lackland), hoping to gain the support of Pope Innocent III ...
)
*
Matilda I, countess of
Nevers
Nevers ( , ; la, Noviodunum, later ''Nevirnum'' and ''Nebirnum'') is the prefecture of the Nièvre Departments of France, department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regions of France, region in central France. It was the principal city of the ...
,
Auxerre and
Tonnerre (b.
1188
Year 1188 ( MCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* January 22 – King Ferdinand II dies after returning from a pilgrimage to Santi ...
)
*
Mohammad Baba as-Samasi
Mohammad Baba as-Samasi (Urdu محمد بابا السماسی ) was a Sufi of the Naqshbandi order. He was born in Sammas, a village on the outskirts of Ramitan, from Bukhara, Uzbekistan. He made progress in his journey by understanding the ...
, Abbasid
Sufi
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
leader (b.
1195
Year 1195 ( MCXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
* June 1 – Battle of Shamkor: Georgians defeat the Ildenizids of Azerbaijan.
* July 18 – Battle of Alarcos: Al ...
)
*
Roger Weseham
Roger Weseham (also Roger de Weseham; died 1257) was an English medieval Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield.
Weseham was probably a native of Weasenham, Norfolk,Either Weasenham All Saints or Weasenham St Peter and was educated at Oxford Universi ...
, English bishop of
Coventry
Coventry ( or ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city in the West Midlands (county), West Midlands, England. It is on the River Sherbourne. Coventry has been a large settlement for centuries, although it was not founded and given its ...
and
Lichfield
Lichfield () is a cathedral city and civil parish in Staffordshire, England. Lichfield is situated roughly south-east of the county town of Stafford, south-east of Rugeley, north-east of Walsall, north-west of Tamworth and south-west of B ...
*
Sartaq Khan (or Sartak), Mongol ruler of the
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, 'Great State' in Turkic, was originally a Mongols, Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the fr ...
*
Stephen Bauzan
Sir Stephen Bauzan (born after 1210 – died 1257) was an English knight. Stephen descended from a prominent family originating in Devon/Cornwall.
Move to Wales
Bauzan first came to South Wales in the service of Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pemb ...
, English nobleman,
seneschal
The word ''seneschal'' () can have several different meanings, all of which reflect certain types of supervising or administering in a historic context. Most commonly, a seneschal was a senior position filled by a court appointment within a royal, ...
and knight
*
Valdemar III
Valdemar III (1314–1364) was King of Denmark from 1326 to 1329, while he was underage; he was also Duke of Schleswig as Valdemar V in 1325–26 and from 1330 to 1364. He was a rival king set up against the unsuccessful Christopher II and was w ...
(Abelsøn), Danish prince and heir apparent
*
Willikin of the Weald, English warrior and guerrilla leader
*
Yuan Haowen
Yuan Haowen () also known as Yuan Yishan (遺山/遗山) or “Yuan of Yi Mountain” (1190–1257) was a poet from Xinzhou, Shanxi, Xinzhou, in what is now Shanxi province, noted for his poems in the ''Ci (poetry), ci'' and the ''Chinese Sanqu poe ...
, Chinese politician, poet and writer (b.
1190
Year 1190 ( MCXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Spring – A German expeditionary force (some 15,000 men) led by Emperor Fred ...
)
References
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