Year 1210 ( MCCX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the

Julian calendar The Julian calendar, proposed by Roman consul Julius Caesar in 46 BC, was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on , by edict. It was designed with the aid of Greek mathematicians and astronomers such as Sosigenes of Alexandr ...

Events

By place

Europe

May May is the fifth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the third of seven months to have a length of 31 days. May is a month of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May ...

– The Second Parliament of Ravennika, convened by Emperor

Henry of Flanders Henry (c.1178 – 11 June 1216) was Latin emperor of Constantinople from 1205 until his death in 1216. He was one of the leaders of the Fourth Crusade in which the Byzantine Empire was conquered and Latin Empire formed. Life Henry was born i ...

, is held in the town of Ravennika in (modern

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders ...

), in order to resolve the differences between the princes of

Frankish Greece The ''Frankokratia'' ( el, Φραγκοκρατία, la, Francocratia, sometimes anglicized as Francocracy, "rule of the Franks"), also known as ''Latinokratia'' ( el, Λατινοκρατία, la, Latinocratia, "rule of the Latins") and ...

, and the

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...

clergy of their domains. The assembled nobles and prelates conclude a

concordat A concordat is a convention between the Holy See and a sovereign state that defines the relationship between the Catholic Church and the state in matters that concern both,René Metz, ''What is Canon Law?'' (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1960 st Edi ...

, which recognizes the independence and immunity of all Church property in Frankish Greece from any feudal duties. *

July 18 Events Pre-1600 * 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army. * 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...

–

Battle of Gestilren The Battle of Gestilren took place on July 17, 1210. The battle was fought between the exiled King of Sweden Sverker and the ruling King Eric X. Sverker had been beaten in the previous Battle of Lena, but returned with new forces. Sverker was h ...

: King Sverker II (the Younger) is defeated and killed, by the reigning King

Eric X Eric "X" (Swedish: ''Erik Knutsson''; Old Norse: ''Eiríkr Knútsson''; – 10 April 1216) was the King of Sweden between 1208 and 1216. Also known as ''Eric the Survivor'' (Swedish: "Erik som överlevde"), he was, at his accession to the thro ...

(Knutsson). After the battle, Eric takes the Swedish throne and marries Princess

Richeza of Denmark Richeza of Denmark (Swedish: ''Rikissa Valdemarsdotter''; c. 1180–8 May 1220) was Queen of Sweden as the wife of King Eric X, and the mother of King Eric XI. Early life Richeza was a daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark and Sophia of Minsk. S ...

, daughter of the late King Valdemar I (the Great). This to improve the relations with

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , establish ...

, which has traditionally supported the

House of Sverker The House of Sverker were a powerful political force in medieval Sweden, contesting for royal power. Their origins were in Östergötland. After the extinction of the House of Stenkil and the ascension of Sverker I of Sweden in 1130, a civil war ...

. *

November 18 Events Pre-1600 * 326 – The old St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated by Pope Sylvester I. * 401 – The Visigoths, led by king Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade northern Italy. * 1095 – The Council of Clermont begins: called ...

– Emperor

Otto IV Otto IV (1175 – 19 May 1218) was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 until his death in 1218. Otto spent most of his early life in England and France. He was a follower of his uncle Richard the Lionheart, who made him Count of Poitou in 119 ...

is excommunicated by Pope

Innocent III Pope Innocent III ( la, Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1198 to his death in 16 J ...

after he occupies Apulia in southern

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

. He annuls the Concordat of Worms and demands from Innocent to recognize the imperial crown's right. A German civil war breaks out and Otto prepares an invasion against Frederick II, king of

Sicily (man) it, Siciliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Ethnicity , demographics1_footnotes = , demographi ...

. * November 21 – Eric X is crowned – which is the first known coronation of a Swedish king. He strengthens his relationship with his brother-in-law, King

Valdemar II Valdemar (28 June 1170 – 28 March 1241), later remembered as Valdemar the Victorious (), was the King of Denmark (being Valdemar II) from 1202 until his death in 1241. Background He was the second son of King Valdemar I of Denmark and Soph ...

(the Conqueror). Shortly after, Valdemar conquers Danzig (modern-day Gdańsk) on the Baltic coast, and Eastern Pomerania from the Slavonic

Wends Wends ( ang, Winedas ; non, Vindar; german: Wenden , ; da, vendere; sv, vender; pl, Wendowie, cz, Wendové) is a historical name for Slavs living near Germanic settlement areas. It refers not to a homogeneous people, but to various people ...

. * Battle of Ümera: Estonian forces defeat the Crusaders of the

Livonian Brothers of the Sword The Livonian Brothers of the Sword ( la, Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae, german: Schwertbrüderorden) was a Catholic military order established in 1202 during the Livonian Crusade by Albert, the third bishop of Riga (or possibly by Theoderi ...

. The Estonians pursue the fleeing Crusaders and according to the

Livonian Chronicle Livonian Chronicle may refer to one of the following chronicles. *Livonian Rhymed Chronicle **By anonymous (1180–1290) **By Bartholomäus Hoeneke (1340s) *Chronicle of Henry of Livonia The ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry'' ( la, Heinrici Cron ...

– some of the prisoners are burned alive – while others have crosses carved on their backs with swords, before being executed as well.

England

*The

Papal Interdict of 1208 The Papal Interdict of 1208 was an interdict laid on England and Wales by Pope Innocent III which generally enforced the closure of the churches, forbade the administration of the Catholic sacraments, and prohibited the use of churchyards for burial ...

remains in force. * King

John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Secon ...

(Lackland) extends his taxes and raises £100,000 from church property as an extraordinary fiscal levy; the operation is described as an “inestimable and incomparable exaction” by contemporary sources. *

November 1 Events Pre-1600 *365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freisin ...

– John orders that

Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

across the country have to pay a

tallage Tallage or talliage (from the French ''tailler, i.e. '' a part cut out of the whole) may have signified at first any tax, but became in England and France a land use or land tenure tax. Later in England it was further limited to assessments by the ...

, a sum of money to the king. Those who do not pay are arrested and imprisoned. Many Jews are executed or leave the country.

Levant

September 14 Events Pre-1600 *AD 81 – Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. * 629 – Emperor Heraclius enters Constantinople in triumph after his victory over the Persian Empire. * 786 – "Night ...

– The 18-year-old

Maria of Montferrat Maria of Montferrat (1192–1212) was the queen of Jerusalem from 1205 until her death. Her parents were Isabella I and her second husband, Conrad of Montferrat. Maria succeeded her mother under the regency of her half-uncle John of Ibelin. After ...

marries the French nobleman

John of Brienne John of Brienne ( 1170 – 19–23 March 1237), also known as John I, was King of Jerusalem from 1210 to 1225 and Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1229 to 1237. He was the youngest son of Erard II of Brienne, a wealthy nobleman in Champag ...

, who brings a dowry of 40,000 silver pounds (from King

Philip II Philip II may refer to: * Philip II of Macedon (382–336 BC) * Philip II (emperor) (238–249), Roman emperor * Philip II, Prince of Taranto (1329–1374) * Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404) * Philip II, Duke of Savoy (1438-1497) * Philip ...

(Augustus) and Innocent III). On

October 3 Events Pre-1600 * 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day. * 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...

, the couple is crowned as King and Queen of

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

in the Cathedral of Tyre (modern

Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to Lebanon–Syria border, the north and east and Israel to Blue ...

Asia

Jochi Jochi Khan ( Mongolian: mn, Зүчи, ; kk, Жошы, Joşy جوشى; ; crh, Cuçi, Джучи, جوچى; also spelled Juchi; Djochi, and Jöchi c. 1182– February 1227) was a Mongol army commander who was the eldest son of Temüjin (aka G ...

, Mongol leader and eldest son of Genghis Khan, begins a campaign against the Kyrgyz. Meanwhile, Emperor Xiang Zong of

Western Xia The Western Xia or the Xi Xia (), officially the Great Xia (), also known as the Tangut Empire, and known as ''Mi-nyak''Stein (1972), pp. 70–71. to the Tanguts and Tibetans, was a Tangut-led Buddhist imperial dynasty of China tha ...

agrees to submit to Mongol rule, he gives his daughter, Chaka, in marriage to Genghis and pays him a tribute of camels, falcons, and textiles. *

December 12 Events Pre-1600 * 627 – Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II's Persian forces, commanded by General Rhahzadh. *1388 – Maria of Enghien sells the lordship of Argos and Nauplia t ...

– Emperor Tsuchimikado abdicates the throne in favor of his younger brother, Juntoku, after a 12-year reign. He is the second son of the former Emperor Go-Toba and becomes the 84th

emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is the monarch and the head of the Imperial Family of Japan. Under the Constitution of Japan, he is defined as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, and his position is derived from "the ...

By topic

Art and Culture

* 1210–

1211 Year 1211 ( MCCXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * June 17 – Battle of Antioch on the Meander: Seljuk forces led by Sultan ...

– Shazi creates the ''Pen Box'', from

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

(

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

) or

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...

(it is now kept at Freer Gallery of Art,

Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums and education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge". Founded ...

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

). *

Gottfried von Strassburg Gottfried von Strassburg (died c. 1210) is the author of the Middle High German courtly romance ', an adaptation of the 12th-century ''Tristan and Iseult'' legend. Gottfried's work is regarded, alongside the ''Nibelungenlied'' and Wolfram von Esc ...

writes his epic poem ''

Tristan Tristan (Latin/ Brythonic: ''Drustanus''; cy, Trystan), also known as Tristram or Tristain and similar names, is the hero of the legend of Tristan and Iseult. In the legend, he is tasked with escorting the Irish princess Iseult to we ...

'' (approximate date).

Astronomy

September 24 Events Pre-1600 *787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia. *1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...

–

Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is sometimes called Earth's "sister" or "twin" planet as it is almost as large and has a similar composition. As an interior planet to Earth, Venus (like Mercury) appears in Earth's sky never f ...

occults

Jupiter Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, but slightly less than one-thousandth t ...

(the last such occurrence until

1570 __NOTOC__ Year 1570 ( MDLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 8 – Ivan the Terrible begins the Massacre of Novgorod. * Janua ...

Religion

* Pope

allows the formation of the mendicant order of Francis of Assisi, to begin the

Order of Friars Minor The Order of Friars Minor (also called the Franciscans, the Franciscan Order, or the Seraphic Order; postnominal abbreviation OFM) is a mendicant Catholic religious order, founded in 1209 by Francis of Assisi. The order adheres to the teachi ...

. * The church of

St Helen's Bishopsgate St Helen's Bishopsgate is an Anglican church in London. It is located in Great St Helen's, off Bishopsgate. It is the largest surviving parish church in the City of London. Several notable figures are buried there, and it contains more monumen ...

in the

City of London The City of London is a city, ceremonial county and local government district that contains the historic centre and constitutes, alongside Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London. It constituted most of London f ...

is founded, as a priory of

Benedictine , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , foun ...

nuns.

Births

May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. *1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. *1260 – Kub ...

–

Afonso III Afonso III (; rare English alternatives: ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse''), or ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese), ''Alfonso'' or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin), the Boulonnais ( Port. ''o Bolonhês''), King of Portugal ( ...

(the Boulonnais), king of

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

(d.

1279 Year 1279 A.D ( MCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * July 17 – Battle of Devina: Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiologos) se ...

) *

June 24 Events Pre-1600 *1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa. * 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome. ...

– Floris IV, Dutch

nobleman Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characteris ...

and knight (d.

1234 Year 1234 ( MCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * King Canute II (the Tall) dies after a 5-year reign. His rival, Eric XI (the Lisp and ...

) *

July 22 Events Pre-1600 * 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids. *1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...

– Joan of England, queen of

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a Anglo-Scottish border, border with England to the southeast ...

(d.

1238 Year 1238 ( MCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Mongol Empire * January 15– 20 – Siege of Moscow: The Mongols under Batu Khan a ...

) *

Alice of Montferrat Alice of Montferrat (french: Alix, it, Alasia; died 1232) was a Lombard noblewoman who was the queen of Cyprus by marriage to King Henry I from 1229 until her death. Life Alice was the daughter of William VI of Montferrat and Berta of Clavesan ...

, queen consort of

Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ge ...

(d.

1233 Year 1233 ( MCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * War of the Lombards: Lombard forces at Kyrenia surrender to John of Beirut, after a ...

) * Beatrix of Andechs-Merania, German countess (d.

1271 Year 1271 ( MCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * July 2 – Peace of Pressburg: Kings Ottokar II and Stephen V sign a peace agreem ...

) *

Birger Jarl Birger Jarl, also known as ''Birger Magnusson'' (21 October 1266), was a Swedish statesman, ''jarl'', and a member of the House of Bjelbo, who played a pivotal role in the consolidation of Sweden. Birger also led the Second Swedish Crusade, w ...

(Magnusson), Swedish statesman (d.

1266 Year 1266 ( MCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * January 2 – Siege of Murcia: King James I of Aragon (the Conqueror) marches with ...

) *

Dervorguilla of Galloway Dervorguilla of Galloway (c. 1210 – 28 January 1290) was a 'lady of substance' in 13th century Scotland, the wife from 1223 of John, 5th Baron de Balliol, and mother of John I, a future king of Scotland. The name Dervorguilla or Dervorgill ...

, Scottish noblewoman (d. 1290) *

Domentijan Domentijan ( sr-cyr, Доментијан; c. 1210-after 1264), also known as Domentijan the Hilandarian (Доментијан Хиландарац), was a major figure in medieval Serbian literature and philosophy.Mateja Matejić and Dragan Mili ...

, Serbian monk and philosopher (d.

1264 Year 1264 ( MCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – Battle of Makryplagi: Constantine Palaiologos, half-brother of ...

) *

Honorius IV Pope Honorius IV (c. 1210 – 3 April 1287), born Giacomo Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 April 1285 to his death in 1287. During his pontificate he largely continued to pursue the pro-French politi ...

, pope of the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

(d. 1287) *

Isaac ibn Latif Isaac ibn Latif (c. 1210-1280) was a Jewish philosopher, who lived most of his life in Toledo. In 1238 he published his first work, a treatise named ''sha'ar ha-shama'yim'' ("heaven's gate"), a commentary on Koheles (Ecclesiastes). Artscroll's ...

, Spanish Jewish philosopher (d.

1280 1280 ( MCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) in the Julian calendar. Events * June 23 – Reconquista – Battle of Moclín: Troops of the Emirate of Granada defeat those of the Kingdom of ...

) * John of Procida, Italian physician and diplomat (d.

1298 Year 1298 ( MCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * April 20 – Rindfleisch massacres: The Jews of Röttingen are burned en mass ...

) *

Konoe Kanetsune , son of Iezane, was a ''Kugyō'' or Japanese court noble of the early Kamakura period. He held regent positions as follows: * sesshō (1237–1242) * kampaku (1242) * sesshō (1247–1252) With a daughter of Kujō Michiie Kujō Michiie (� ...

, Japanese nobleman ('' kugyō'') (d. 1259) *

Kujō Norizane , son of regent Michiie, was a ''kugyō'' or Japanese court noble of the Kamakura period. He held regent positions kampaku from 1231 to 1232 and sessho from 1232 to 1235. Tadaie was his son. Family * Father: Kujō Michiie * Mother: Sainonji R ...

, Japanese nobleman and

regent A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...

(d.

1235 Year 1235 ( MCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * Connacht in Ireland is finally conquered by the Hiberno-Norman Richard Mór de Burgh; Felim Ua Conchobair is expe ...

) * Loderingo degli Andalò, Italian nobleman (d.

1293 Year 1293 ( MCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By area Africa * December – Mamluk sultan of Egypt Khalil is assassinated by his regent Baydara, who bri ...

) * Margaret (the Lame), German anchoress (d. 1250) * Matilda of Brandenburg, German noblewoman (d.

1261 Year 1261 ( MCCLXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * March 13 – Treaty of Nymphaeum: Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiologos) sig ...

) *

Óláfr Þórðarson Óláfr Þórðarson (Old Norse: ; Modern Icelandic: ; -1259) was an Icelandic skald and scholar. He is usually called Óláfr hvítaskáld (O.N.: ; M.I.: ; "Olaf the white skald") in contrast to a contemporary skald called Óláfr svartaskáld ...

, Icelandic scholar and skald (d. 1259) * Philippe de Rémi, French poet and knight (d.

1265 Year 1265 ( MCCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By topic War and politics * January 20 – In Westminster, the first elected English parliament (called Mon ...

) * Sapia Salvani, Italian noblewoman (approximate date) *

Vicedomino de Vicedominis Vicedomino de Vicedominis (c. 1210 – 6 September 1276) was an Italian cardinal. Family Born at Piacenza, he was the nephew of Pope Gregory X, and had been married, with two children. When his wife died, he decided to enter the clerical state. ...

, Italian cardinal (d.

1276 Year 1276 ( MCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq and Muhammad II, ruler of Granad ...

) *

Wartislaw III Wartislaw III (c. 1210 – 17 May 1264) was a Griffin duke of Pomerania-Demmin. Son of Casimir II of Pomerania-Demmin and Ingardis of Denmark, he was married to a Sophia of an unknown house. As he did not have any children, Pomerania-Demmin ceas ...

, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1264) * William of Saliceto, Italian cleric and surgeon (d.

1277 Year 1277 ( MCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * March 19 – Byzantine–Venetian Treaty: Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiolo ...

) *

Xie Daoqing Empress Xie Daoqing (謝道清; 1210 – 1283) was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Lizong of Song. She was the regent of Southern Song China for Emperor Duzong in 1264, and for Emperor Gong of Song in 1274–12 ...

, Chinese empress and regent (d. 1283)

Deaths

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...

– Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Persian

polymath A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...

(b.

1150 Year 1150 ( MCL) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Battle of Tara: The Byzantines defeat the Serbian-Hungarian army under Grdeša, c ...

) *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...

– Conrad II, German nobleman and knight (b. 1159) *

May 13 Events Pre-1600 *1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''. * 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...

– Noriko (or Hanshi), Japanese empress (b.

1177 Year 1177 ( MCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January – Eystein Meyla, leader of the Birkebeiner in Norway, is killed. Sve ...

) *

July 17 Events Pre-1600 * 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. *1048 – Damasu ...

– Sverker II (the Younger), king of Sweden *

October 16 Events Pre-1600 * 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire. * 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire. * ...

–

Matilda of Boulogne Matilda (c.1105 – 3 May 1152) was Countess of Boulogne in her own right from 1125 and Queen of England from the accession of her husband, Stephen, in 1136 until her death in 1152. She supported Stephen in his struggle for the English throne ...

, duchess of Brabant *

November 14 Events Pre-1600 1601–1900 *1680 – German astronomer Gottfried Kirch discovers the Great Comet of 1680, the first comet to be discovered by telescope. *1770 – James Bruce discovers what he believes to be the source of the Nile. ...

–

Qutb al-Din Aibak Qutb ud-Din Aibak ( fa, قطب‌الدین ایبک), (1150 – 14 November 1210) was a Turkic general of the Ghurid king Muhammad Ghori. He was in charge of the Ghurid territories in northern India, and after Muhammad Ghori's assassination in ...

, Indian ruler (b. 1150) *

November 30 Events Pre-1600 * 978 – Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws. 1601–1900 *1707 – Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the Br ...

–

Florence of Holland Florence (or Florentius) (died 30 November 1210) was a late 12th century and early 13th century nobleman and cleric. He was the son of Florence III, Count of Holland, and Ada of Huntingdon, sister of kings Malcolm IV and William I of Scotla ...

, Scottish bishop *

December 14 Events Pre-1600 * 557 – Constantinople is severely damaged by an earthquake, which cracks the dome of Hagia Sophia. * 835 – Sweet Dew Incident: Emperor Wenzong of the Tang dynasty conspires to kill the powerful eunuchs of the T ...

– Soffredo, Italian cardinal and patriarch * Aonghus mac Somhairle, Norse-Gaelic chieftain *

, German poet and writer * Halldóra Eyjólfsdóttir, Icelandic nun and abbess *

Jean Bodel Jean Bodel (c. 1165 – c. 1210), was an Old French poet who wrote a number of ''chanson de geste, chansons de geste'' as well as many fabliaux. He lived in Arras. Writings Bodel wrote ("Song of the Saxons") about the war of King Charlemagne wi ...

, French poet and writer (b.

1165 Year 1165 ( MCLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) makes an alliance with Venice agains ...

) *

Jinul Jinul Puril Bojo Daesa (, "Bojo Jinul"; 1158–1210), often called Jinul or Chinul for short, was a Korean monk of the Goryeo period, who is considered to be the most influential figure in the formation of Korean Seon (Zen) Buddhism. He is credi ...

(or Chinul), Korean

Zen Master Zen master is a somewhat vague English term that arose in the first half of the 20th century, sometimes used to refer to an individual who teaches Zen Buddhist meditation and practices, usually implying longtime study and subsequent authoriz ...

(b.

1158 Year 1158 ( MCLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Autumn – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) sets out from Constantinople at ...

) * Majd al-Din ibn Athir, Zangid historian (b. 1149) *

Maud de Braose Maud de Braose, Lady of Bramber (c. 1155 – 1210) was an English noble, the spouse of William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, a powerful Marcher baron and court favourite of King John of England. She would later incur the wrath and enmity of t ...

, English noblewoman (b. 1155) * Muhammad II, ruler of the Alamut state (b.

1148 Year 1148 ( MCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Second Crusade * January 1 – The French crusaders under King Louis VII defeat a Turkish a ...

) *

Praepositinus Praepositinus (Gilbert Prevostin of Cremona, Prevostinus Cremonensis) ( 1135 – 1210) was an Italian scholastic philosopher and theologian. He was a liturgical commentator, and supporter a ''res''-theory of belief. He discussed intentional contexts ...

, Italian philosopher and theologian *

Risteárd de Tiúit Risteárd de Tiúit (anglicised as Richard Tuite) (ob. 1210) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman and a member of Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke's Irish invasion force, and Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. His part in the original invasion is acknowl ...

, Norman warrior and nobleman * Robert of Braybrooke, English landowner (b.

1168 Year 1168 ( MCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * Summer – King Amalric I of Jerusalem, and Byzantine emperor Manuel I (Komnenos), ne ...

) * William FitzAlan, Norman nobleman and knight

References

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