The 11th Bersaglieri Regiment ( it, 11° Reggimento Bersaglieri) is an active unit of the
Italian Army
"The safeguard of the republic shall be the supreme law"
, colors =
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, march = ''Parata d'Eroi'' ("Heroes's parade") by Francesco Pellegrino, ''4 Maggio'' (May 4) ...
based in
Orcenico Superiore in the
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
(man), it, Friulana (woman), it, Giuliano (man), it, Giuliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_t ...
region. The regiment is part of the army's infantry corps'
Bersaglieri
The Bersaglieri, singular Bersagliere, (, "sharpshooter") are a troop of marksmen in the Italian Army's infantry corps. They were originally created by General Alessandro La Marmora on 18 June 1836 to serve in the Royal Sardinian Army, which ...
speciality and operationally assigned to the
132nd Armored Brigade "Ariete"
The 132nd Armored Brigade "Ariete" ( it, 132a Brigata Corazzata "Ariete") is currently the only active Armoured warfare, armored brigade of the Italian Army. Its core units are tank and Bersaglieri regiments. The brigade's headquarters is in the ...
.
History
The 11th Bersaglieri Regiment was established on 16 September 1883 in
Caserta
Caserta () is the capital of the province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy. It is an important agricultural, commercial, and industrial ''comune'' and city. Caserta is located on the edge of the Campanian plain at the foot of the Camp ...
.
The newly established unit was composed of the fourth battalions of the 1st, 4th and 7th Bersaglieri regiments. Initially the battalions of the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment were named I, II, and III Battalions,
but in 1886 the battalions were assigned their traditional numbers: XV, XXVII, and XXXIII. The XI Cyclists Battalion was added in 1910, while the XXXIX Battalion was raised in 1915 to replace the XV Battalion, which had been deployed to
Italian Libya
Libya ( it, Libia; ar, ليبيا, Lībyā al-Īṭālīya) was a colony of the Fascist Italy located in North Africa, in what is now modern Libya, between 1934 and 1943. It was formed from the unification of the colonies of Italian Cyrenaica ...
that year.
The 11th Bersaglieri Regiment was involved in the
First Italo-Ethiopian War
The First Italo-Ethiopian War, lit. ''Abyssinian War'' was fought between Italy and Ethiopia from 1895 to 1896. It originated from the disputed Treaty of Wuchale, which the Italians claimed turned Ethiopia into an Italian protectorate. Full-sc ...
in 1895 and in the
Italo-Turkish War
The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War ( tr, Trablusgarp Savaşı, "Tripolitanian War", it, Guerra di Libia, "War of Libya") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911, to 18 October 1912. As a result o ...
in 1911.
During the latter war the regiment's XXVII Battalion conquered Sciara Sciat, near
Tripoli
Tripoli or Tripolis may refer to:
Cities and other geographic units Greece
*Tripoli, Greece, the capital of Arcadia, Greece
* Tripolis (region of Arcadia), a district in ancient Arcadia, Greece
* Tripolis (Larisaia), an ancient Greek city in ...
. For this action the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment was awarded a
Gold Medal of Military Valour
The Gold Medal of Military Valour ( it, Medaglia d'oro al valor militare) is an Italian medal established on 21 May 1793 by King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia for deeds of outstanding gallantry in war by junior officers and soldiers.
The fac ...
.
However the massacre of captured Italian prisoners by Osman forces
led to a
massive reprisal. The 11th Bersaglieri Regiment also fought in
Assaba
Assaba ( ar, ولاية العصابة) is a region in southern Mauritania, covering an area of 36,600 square km. It had a population of 325,897 at the 2013 Census. Its capital is Kifa. Other major cities/towns include Guerou. The region bord ...
, for which it was awarded a
Bronze Medal of Military Valour
The Bronze Medal of Military Valor ( it, Medaglia di bronzo al valor militare) is an Italian medal for gallantry.
It was established by Charles Albert of Sardinia on 26 March 1833, along with the higher ranking Gold and Silver Medals for Military ...
.
World War I
During
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, the 11th Regiment, then headquartered in
Ancona
Ancona (, also , ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region in central Italy, with a population of around 101,997 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region. The city is located northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic S ...
, was initially assigned to various Infantry Divisions until 11 February 1916 when it entered the II Bersaglieri Brigade - first together with the
9th Bersaglieri Regiment and later with the
7th Bersaglieri Regiment
The 7th Bersaglieri Regiment ( it, 7° Reggimento Bersaglieri) is an active unit of the Italian Army based in Altamura in Apulia. The regiment is part of the army's infantry corps' Bersaglieri speciality and operationally assigned to the Mechan ...
.
The 11th Bersaglieri Regiment served in Log di Cezsoca,
Srpenica
Srpenica (; it, Serpenizza) is a village on the right bank of the Soča River in the Municipality of Bovec in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It includes the hamlet of Brezovo, which was abandoned after the Second World War.
Name
Srpenica was at ...
, Chiont, and Dogna Valley.
On 2 June 1917, the II Bersaglieri Brigade was taken out of the frontline for rest, but only two days later it had to return as on 3 June 1917 the Royal Italian Army began its
Tenth offensive along the Isonzo river. The 11th Bersaglieri Regiment was finally taken out of the front on 7 November 1917.
On 3 November 1918 the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment entered Trieste.
During the war the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment's depot raised the LI Autonomous Battalion, the LXVI Battalion for the 17th Bersaglieri Regiment, and the LXVII Battalion for the
18th Bersaglieri Regiment. The 11th Bersaglieri Regiment consisted of the XXVII, XXXIII, XXXIX battalions, while the XI Cyclists Battalion fought as autonomous unit.
The XV Battalion left Libya on 28 May 1918 and returned to Italy, where it was assigned on 29 June 1918 to the 5th Group of 2nd Assault Division.
For its conduct at
Jamiano the regiment was awarded a
Silver Medal of Military Valour
The Silver Medal of Military Valor ( it, Medaglia d'argento al valor militare) is an Italian medal for gallantry.
Italian medals for valor were first instituted by Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia on 21 May 1793, with a gold medal, and, below it, ...
, while the XI Cyclists Battalion was awarded three Silver Medals of Military Valour: one for the conquest of
Monte San Michele in 1916, one for the tenacious defense of Hill 144 east of
Monfalcone
Monfalcone (; Bisiacco: ; fur, Monfalcon; sl, Tržič; archaic german: Falkenberg) is a town and ''comune'' of the province of Gorizia in Friuli Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, located on the Gulf of Trieste. Monfalcone means 'falcon mountain' ...
between 14–16 September 1916, and one for the breakthrough of enemy lines at
Revine Lago
Revine Lago is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about north of Venice and about north of Treviso. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,190 and an area of .All demographics an ...
on 30 October 1918.
During World War I, the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment was headquartered in Ancona, and recruited from
Benevento
Benevento (, , ; la, Beneventum) is a city and ''comune'' of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, northeast of Naples. It is situated on a hill above sea level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino (or Beneventano) and the ...
,
Cosenza
Cosenza (; local dialect: ''Cusenza'', ) is a city in Calabria, Italy. The city centre has a population of approximately 70,000; the urban area counts more than 200,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Province of Cosenza, which has a populati ...
,
Ferrara
Ferrara (, ; egl, Fràra ) is a city and ''comune'' in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital of the Province of Ferrara. it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream ...
,
Gaeta
Gaeta (; lat, Cāiēta; Southern Laziale: ''Gaieta'') is a city in the province of Latina, in Lazio, Southern Italy. Set on a promontory stretching towards the Gulf of Gaeta, it is from Rome and from Naples.
The town has played a consp ...
,
Lecce
Lecce ( ); el, label=Griko, Luppìu, script=Latn; la, Lupiae; grc, Λουπίαι, translit=Loupíai), group=pron is a historic city of 95,766 inhabitants (2015) in southern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Lecce, the province ...
,
Massa
Massa may refer to:
Places
*Massa, Tuscany, the administrative seat of the Italian province of Massa-Carrara.
*Massa (river), river in Switzerland
* Massa (Tanzanian ward), administrative ward in the Mpwapwa district of the Dodoma Region of Ta ...
,
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
, and
Savona
Savona (; lij, Sann-a ) is a seaport and ''comune'' in the west part of the northern Italy, Italian region of Liguria, capital of the Province of Savona, in the Riviera di Ponente on the Mediterranean Sea.
Savona used to be one of the chie ...
Districts, while mobilized troops also from
Ascoli Piceno
Ascoli Piceno (; la, Asculum; dialetto ascolano: Ascule) is a town and ''comune'' in the Marche region of Italy, capital of the province of the same name. Its population is around 46,000 but the urban area of the city has more than 93,000.
Geo ...
,
Chieti
Chieti (, ; , nap, label= Abruzzese, Chjïétë, ; gr, Θεάτη, Theátē; lat, Theate, ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Central Italy, east by northeast of Rome. It is the capital of the province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region. ...
,
Macerata
Macerata () is a city and ''comune'' in central Italy, the county seat of the province of Macerata in the Marche region. It has a population of about 41,564.
History
The historical city centre is on a hill between the Chienti and Potenza ri ...
,
Sulmona
Sulmona ( nap, label= Abruzzese, Sulmóne; la, Sulmo; grc, Σουλμῶν, Soulmôn) is a city and ''comune'' of the province of L'Aquila in Abruzzo, Italy. It is located in the Valle Peligna, a plain once occupied by a lake that disappeared in ...
,
Teramo
Teramo (; nap, label= Abruzzese, Tèreme ) is a city and ''comune'' in the Italian region of Abruzzo, the capital of the province of Teramo.
The city, from Rome, is situated between the highest mountains of the Apennines (Gran Sasso d'Italia) ...
, and
Campobasso
Campobasso (, ; nap, label= Campobassan, Cambuàsce ) is a city and ''comune'' in southern Italy, the capital of the region of Molise and of the province of Campobasso. It is located in the high basin of the Biferno river, surrounded by Sann ...
Districts.
Besides military operations, the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment's troops also provided
disaster relief
Emergency management or disaster management is the managerial function charged with creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters. Emergency management, despite its name, does not actuall ...
after the
1915 Avezzano earthquake.
Inter-war
In 1919 the XI Cyclists Battalion was disbanded and in 1920 the regiment's strength was reduced to two battalions and one reserve battalion.
Some Bersaglieri of the 11th regiment were involved in the unsanctioned
"Fiume Exploit".
On 7 July 1924 the regiment was transformed in a cyclists regiment and the reserve battalion was disbanded; on 11 March 1926 the 11th Regiment was reorganized and now consisted of a regimental command, a depot, the XV Battalion, and the XXVII Battalion.
During the
Second Italo-Ethiopian War
The Second Italo-Ethiopian War, also referred to as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, was a war of aggression which was fought between Italy and Ethiopia from October 1935 to February 1937. In Ethiopia it is often referred to simply as the Itali ...
, the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment provided officers and troops to several mobilized units.
World War II
On 1 February 1938, the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment, together with the cavalry regiments
"Piemonte Reale" (2nd) and
"Cavalleggeri di Saluzzo" (12th), the 1st Fast Artillery Regiment, and the I Light Tank Group "San Giusto", were assigned to the
1st Cavalry Division "Eugenio di Savoia".
On 6 March 1941, the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment was deployed to the
Vipava Valley
The Vipava Valley (; sl, Vipavska dolina, german: Wippachtal, it, Valle del Vipacco) is a valley in the Slovenian Littoral, roughly between the village of Podnanos to the east and the border with Italy to the west. The main towns are Ajdovš ...
and on 11 April the whole division participated in the
Axis invasion of Yugoslavia
An axis (plural ''axes'') is an imaginary line around which an object rotates or is symmetrical. Axis may also refer to:
Mathematics
* Axis of rotation: see rotation around a fixed axis
*Axis (mathematics), a designator for a Cartesian-coordinate ...
.
Within a few days the division occupied
Dalmatia
Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of ...
.
Between late 1941 and late 1942 the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment carried out intense
counter-insurgency
Counterinsurgency (COIN) is "the totality of actions aimed at defeating irregular forces". The Oxford English Dictionary defines counterinsurgency as any "military or political action taken against the activities of guerrillas or revolutionar ...
activity against
Yugoslav Partisans
The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: , or the National Liberation Army, sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); mk, Народноослобод ...
.
In October 1942 the regiment returned from
Šibenik
Šibenik () is a historic city in Croatia, located in central Dalmatia, where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea. Šibenik is a political, educational, transport, industrial and tourist center of Šibenik-Knin County, and is also the ...
to
Vodice Vodice may refer to:
Croatia
*Vodice, Croatia, a town and municipality in Šibenik-Knin County
*Vodice, Cres, a village on Cres
Czech Republic
*Vodice (Tábor District), a municipality and village in the South Bohemian Region
*Vodice, a village an ...
in Dalmatia. There it fought in June 1943 in the attempt to clear
Zuta Lovka from partisans.
The 11th Bersaglieri Regiment was disbanded on 9 September 1943 in Dalmatia after the announcement of the
Armistice of Cassibile
The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 and made public on 8 September between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies during World War II.
It was signed by Major General Walter Bedell Smith for the Allies and Brig ...
.
During World War II, the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment included the Regimental Command, the Command Company, XV Bersaglieri Cyclists Battalion, XXVII Bersaglieri Cyclists Battalion, XXXIII Bersaglieri Cyclists Battalion, LI Replacements Battalion, 271st Armored Car Company, and 11th Anti-tank Company.
Cold War
In 1964 the XI Bersaglieri Battalion was reformed in
Sacile
Sacile (; vec, Sathìl ; Liventina: ; Western Friulian: ) is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Pordenone, in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region of northeastern Italy. It is known as the "Garden of the ''Serenissima''" after the many palace ...
as part of the
182nd Armored Infantry Regiment "Garibaldi".
It remained the only active battalion of the former battalions of the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment until the
1975 Italian Army reform.
27th Bersaglieri Battalion "Jamiano"
During the reform the
132nd Tank Regiment was disbanded on 31 October 1975 and the regiment's XXXVIII Bersaglieri Battalion was renamed 27th Bersaglieri Battalion "Jamiano" the next day. The 27th Bersaglieri Battalion "Jamiano" inherited the flag and traditions of the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment.
The battalion was assigned to the
132nd Armored Brigade "Manin".
Bersaglieri battalions created during the reform were named, with two exceptions, for battles in they had distinguished themselves: the 27th Bersaglieri Battalion was named for its defense of Hill 144 in
Jamiano in 1917.
1992-onwards
![Italian Army - 11th Bersaglieri Regiment war flag at the 66th National Rally of the Bersaglieri 2018](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Italian_Army_-_11th_Bersaglieri_Regiment_war_flag_at_the_66th_National_Rally_of_the_Bersaglieri_2018.png)
On 30 September 1992 the 27th Bersaglieri Battalion "Jamiano" entered the re-established 11th Bersaglieri Regiment in
Aviano Aviano ( fur, Davian; cim, Pleif) is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Pordenone at the foot of the Dolomites mountain range in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy.
Aviano is home to the C.R.O. (Oncological Referral Center), a cancer rese ...
.
On 21 November 1992 the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment moved to Orcenico Superiore, where on 18 April 1997, the 27th Bersaglieri Battalion was renamed
11th Bersaglieri Battalion "Caprera",
reuniting all traditions and awards bestowed to the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment and its battalions in one unit, and gaining the tradition of the
182nd Armored Infantry Regiment "Garibaldi" to wear a red tie with the formal uniform.
In the night of 6 April 2004, during the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment's service in Iraq as part of
Operation Ancient Babylon
Operation Ancient Babylon ( it, Operazione Antica Babilonia) was the code name given to the deployment of Italian forces during the Iraq War. Their mission lasted from 15 July 2003 to 1 December 2006. The troops were located in and around Nasir ...
, the forces of
Muqtada al-Sadr
Muqtada al-Sadr ( ar, مقتدى الصدر, Muqtadā aṣ-Ṣadr; born 4 August 1974) is an Iraqi politician and militia leader. He is the leader of the Sadrist Movement and the leader of the Peace Companies, a successor to the militia he had p ...
's
Mahdi Army
The Peace Companies ( ar, سرايا السلام, or Saraya al Salam) are an Iraqi armed group linked to Iraq's Shia community. They are a 2014 revival of the Mahdi Army ( ''Jaysh al-Mahdī'') that was created by the Iraqi Shia cleric Muqtada a ...
occupied the three main bridges in
Nasiriyah
Nasiriyah ( ar, ٱلنَّاصِرِيَّة; United States Board on Geographic Names, BGN: ''An Nāşirīyah''; also spelled ''Nassiriya'' or ''Nasiriya'') is a city in Iraq. It is on the lower Euphrates River, Euphrates, about south-southeas ...
. Three companies of the 11th Regiment, one squadron of the
Regiment "Savoia Cavalleria" (3rd)
The Regiment "Savoia Cavalleria" (3rd) ( it, Reggimento "Savoia Cavalleria" (3°)) is a cavalry unit of the Italian Army based in Grosseto in Tuscany. The regiment is the reconnaissance unit of the Paratroopers Brigade "Folgore".
History Form ...
, and some logistic units of the
132nd Armored Brigade "Ariete"
The 132nd Armored Brigade "Ariete" ( it, 132a Brigata Corazzata "Ariete") is currently the only active Armoured warfare, armored brigade of the Italian Army. Its core units are tank and Bersaglieri regiments. The brigade's headquarters is in the ...
engaged in an 18-hours long firefight with the rebel forces.
For retaking the three bridges the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment was decorated with a
War Cross for Military Valor
The War Cross for Military Valor ( it, Croce di Guerra al Valor Militare) is an Italian order for military valor. Established in 1922, the cross may be awarded only in time of war.
Appearance
The medal is a Greek cross made of copper. Inscr ...
in 2008.
Commanders
* Colonel Giuseppe Barbiani (24 May - 1 December 1915);
* Colonel Giovanni Beruto, (3 December 1915 - 13 January 1917);
* Lieutenant Colonel Giovanni Capoani (19 January 1917 - 15 February 1917);
* Colonel Gino Graziani (10 March 1917 - end of hostilities);
* Colonel Vincenzo Robertiello;
* Colonel Guglielmo Mingo;
* Colonel Michele Adabbo;
* Colonel Lalli (1943);
* Colonel Alessandro Guarisco;
* Colonel Michele Cittadella;
* Colonel Fabio Polli;
* Colonel Salvatore Daniele Patanè (2010-2011);
* Colonel Alfonso Cornacchia (2011-2013);
* Colonel Eugenio Dessì (2013-2015);
* Colonel Alessandro Colaiacomo (2015–present).
Current Structure
As of 2022 the 11th Bersaglieri Regiment consists of:
*
![CoA mil ITA rgt bersaglieri 11](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/CoA_mil_ITA_rgt_bersaglieri_11.png)
Regimental Command, in
Orcenico Superiore
** Command and Logistic Support Company "Sciara Sciat"
** 11th Bersaglieri Battalion "
Caprera
Caprera is an island in the Maddalena archipelago off the coast of Sardinia, Italy. In the area of La Maddalena island in the Strait of Bonifacio, it is a tourist destination and the place to which Giuseppe Garibaldi retired from 1854 until his ...
"
*** 1st Fusiliers Company "Jamiano"
*** 2nd Fusiliers Company "San Michele"
*** 3rd Fusiliers Company "Nasiriyya"
*** Maneuver Support Company "Assaba"
The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons:
C3 Platoon,
Transport and Materiel Platoon,
Medical Platoon, and
Commissariat Platoon. The regiment is equipped with tracked
Dardo Dardo means dart in Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.
Dardo may also refer to:
* Dardo IFV, an Italian infantry fighting vehicle
* DARDO, an Italian close-in weapon system
* Dardo (automobile), a Brazilian sports car
* Tibetan name for the Chines ...
infantry fighting vehicles
An infantry fighting vehicle (IFV), also known as a mechanized infantry combat vehicle (MICV), is a type of armoured fighting vehicle used to carry infantry into battle and provide direct-fire support. The 1990 Treaty on Conventional Armed Forc ...
. The Maneuver Support Company is equipped with
M106 120mm mortar carriers and Dardo IFVs with
Spike LR anti-tank guided missiles
An anti-tank guided missile (ATGM), anti-tank missile, anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW) or anti-armor guided weapon is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored military vehicles. ATGMs range in size from shoulder- ...
.
Uniform
In order to display the lineage of the
182nd Armored Infantry Regiment "Garibaldi", soldiers of the 11th Bersaglieri Battalion "Caprera" wear a red tie.
Notable members
From 13 September 1915 to 28 December 1918,
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...
served in the 11th Regiment.
See also
*
Bersaglieri
The Bersaglieri, singular Bersagliere, (, "sharpshooter") are a troop of marksmen in the Italian Army's infantry corps. They were originally created by General Alessandro La Marmora on 18 June 1836 to serve in the Royal Sardinian Army, which ...
External links
Italian Army Website: 11th Bersaglieri Regiment
References
{{Italian Army Bersaglieri Regiments
Military units and formations established in 1883
Military units and formations disestablished in 1943
Military units and formations established in 1992
Regiments of Italy in World War I
Regiments of Italy in World War II
Bersaglieri Regiments of Italy