11 SS

The 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland (german: 11. SS-Freiwilligen Panzergrenadier-Division "Nordland") was a Waffen-SS division recruited from foreign volunteers and conscripts. It saw action, as part of Army Group North, in the Independent State of Croatia and on the Eastern Front during World War II.

Formation

In February 1943, Hitler ordered the creation of an SS division which would be officered by foreign volunteers.
In March 1943, the ''SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment Nordland'', a Scandinavian volunteer regiment, was separated from the SS Division Wiking to be used as the nucleus for the new division. The Nordland's two Panzergrenadier regiments were also given titles that referenced the location where the majority of the regiment's recruits were from, ''SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 23 Norge'' (Norway) and ''SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 24 Danmark'' (Denmark). Both regiments had additional men made up of conscripts from Hungary.Littlejohn (1987) p. 54.

After its formation in Germany, the division was attached to the III (Germanic) SS Panzer Corps under the command of ''Obergruppenführer'' Felix Steiner and was moved to Croatia, where the ''SS Volunteer Legion Nederland'' (Netherlands) was attached to it. The division began combat operations against Yugoslav partisans in September 1943. In mid-October 1943, the division burned and looted several Serb villages in the Banija region of Croatia, and helped organize a local collaborationist Chetnik militia.Radanović (2020) p. 86-91

1944–1945

The division, along with the rest of the III SS Panzer Corps arrived at the front near Leningrad and was put into action against the Soviet Red Army attacks aimed at breaking the German encirclement of the city. The Red Army forced Nordland to withdraw to Oranienbaum. On 14 January 1944, the Soviet Krasnoye Selo–Ropsha Offensive succeeded in collapsing the German front. The follow-on Kingisepp–Gdov Offensive pushed the German forces to the city of Narva in northeastern Estonia to a new defensive line.

From 27 July 1944, Nordland fought alongside the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian) and elements of the Grossdeutschland Division In the Battle of Tannenberg Line. During these battles, the commanders of two regiments were killed. While visiting the front line, the division's commander, ''Gruppenführer'' Fritz von Scholz was caught in an artillery barrage and received a head wound. Scholz died on 28 July 1944. Thereafter, ''Brigadeführer'' Joachim Ziegler took over command of the division. It retreated into what was known as the Courland Pocket. From late October to December 1944, the ''Nordland'' remained in the pocket; by early December the divisional strength was down to 9,000 men. In January 1945, the division was ordered to the Baltic port of Libau, where it was evacuated by sea.
File:Nazi German Waffen-SS uniform, visor skull (Totenkopf) cap, Hauptsturmführer, Regiment Nordland, etc. Lofoten Krigsminnemuseum, Norway 2019-05-08 DSC09938.jpg, Officer uniform with medals and cuffband ''Nordland'' of the Regiment Nordland, Lofoten War Museum, Norway.
File:WW2 frontkjemper Norw. volunteer regiment Nordland Waffen SS uniform, songbook, Nazi decorations, helmet, dogtag, Norske Legion Skijegerbataljon poster, etc Lofoten krigsminnemuseum Norway 2019-05-08 DSC09952.jpg, Enlisted "''frontkjemper''" ("Frontfighter" a Norwegian Waffen-SS volunteer) SS-Mann (private) of the Regiment Nordland, with medals, badges and other memorabilia; Lofoten War Museum, Norway.
File:WW2 in Norway. Frontkjemper (Norwegian volunteer). Waffen-SS uniform. Decorations etc. Fronterkjempermerket, Pohjois rintama Die Nordfront, SS Nordland and skull rings, etc. Lofoten krigsminnemuseum 2019.05.08 DSC09955.jpg, Soldiers' songbook in Norwegian ("Frontkjemper sangbok"), badges and rings; Lofoten War Museum, Norway.
File:WW2 in Norway. Frontkjemper (Norwegian volunteer). Waffen-SS uniform. Nazi decorations etc. Fronterkjempermerket, Pohjois rintama Die Nordfront, SS Nordland and skull rings. Lofoten krigsminnemuseum 2019.05.08 DSC09955 cropped.jpg, Close-up of the "Fronterkjempermerket", "Pohjoisrintama Die Nordfront 1941-1943" (Finland/Third Reich Finnisch-deutsches Nordfrontkreuz), SS Nordland ring and skull ring; Lofoten War Museum, Norway.
File:WW2 frontkjemper Norw. volunteer regiment Nordland Waffen SS uniform, cap, SS eagle, cuff title, equipment on back, water flask, etc Lofoten krigsminnemuseum Norway 2019-05-08 DSC09982.jpg, Enlisted "''frontkjemper''" ("Frontfighter" a Norwegian Waffen-SS volunteer) SS-''Mann'' (private) of the Regiment Nordland, with visiblebackpack, canteen and lunch box; Lofoten War Museum, Norway.
File:WW2 frontkjemper Norw. volunteer regiment Nordland Waffen SS uniform, cuff title, Norw. flag, SS sleeve eagle, water flask, equipment, etc Lofoten krigsminnemuseum Norway 2019-05-08 DSC09983.jpg, Close-up of the armband and flag; Lofoten War Museum, Norway.
File:WW2 Norway. Recruitment brochure pamphlet for Frontkjemper (Norwegian Waffen-SS volunteer) , tent pegs Zeltbahn, Gebirgsjäger Edelweiss emblem, East Front Medal, compass, Ost-Front newspaper, etc. Lofoten krigsminnemuseum 2019 09964.jpg, Display with recruitment brochure pamphlet for ''Frontkjemper'' (Norwegian Waffen-SS volunteers), tent pegs Zeltbahn, Gebirgsjäger Edelweiss emblem, Eastern Medal, compass, Ost-Front newspape, etc.; Lofoten War Museum, Norway.
File:Narvafronten, 1944 - Narvafront006.jpg, The propaganda department visits the investigation department of the Nordland Division in the Narva Front, 1944. The Swedish officer Hans-Gösta Pehrsson is on the right.

Battle of Berlin

On 16 April, the division was ordered to defend Berlin. Despite recent replenishment, the division was still understrength. From 17 to 20 April, the division was involved in combat all along its front and then retreated into the city. On 24 April, the main Soviet Army assault was towards the Treptow Park area, which the rest of the pioneer battalion and the remaining Tiger tanks of a Panzer battalion were defending. ''Obersturmbannführer'' Kausch led the few tanks and armoured vehicles in a counterattack and succeeded in temporarily halting the enemy advance. However, by midday, the 5th Shock Army was able to advance again. A later counter-attack by three assault guns was stopped by a Soviet soldier with three captured German '' Panzerfausts''.

In the evening of 24 April between 320 and 330 French troops from the SS Division Charlemagne arrived in Berlin after a long detour to avoid Soviet advance columns. On 25 April, ''Brigadeführer'' Gustav Krukenberg was appointed the commander of (Berlin) Defence Sector C, which included Nordland. Ziegler was relieved of his command of the division earlier the same day. The group of French Waffen-SS troops now known as ''Sturmbataillon Charlemagne'' was attached to Nordland. The arrival of the French bolstered the division whose two regiments had been decimated in the fighting against the Soviet Army forces. They each roughly equalled a battalion.

By 26 April, with Neukölln heavily penetrated by Soviet combat groups, Krukenberg prepared fallback positions for Sector C troops around Hermannplatz. He moved his headquarters into the opera house. As Nordland fell back towards Hermannplatz, Charlemagne and one-hundred Hitler Youth attached to their group destroyed 14 Soviet tanks with ''Panzerfausts''; one machine gun position by the Halensee bridge managed to hold up any Soviet advance in that area for 48 hours. Nordland's remaining armour, eight Tiger tanks and several assault guns, were ordered to take up positions in the Tiergarten, because although the two divisions of Weidling's LVI Panzer Corps could slow the Soviet advance down, they could not stop it.

The Soviet forces advance into Berlin followed a pattern of massive shelling followed by assaults using house-clearing battle groups of about 80 men in each, with tank escorts and close artillery support. On 27 April, the remnants of Nordland were pushed back into the central government district (Zitadelle sector) in Defence sector Z. Krukenberg's headquarters was a carriage in the Stadtmitte U-Bahn station. Thereafter, the troops in the government district were pushed back into the Reichstag and the Reich Chancellery.

On 30 April, after receiving news of Hitler's suicide, orders were issued that those who could do so were to break out. Prior to that ''Brigadeführer'' Wilhelm Mohnke briefed all commanders that could be reached within the Zitadelle sector about the events as to Hitler's death and the planned breakout.Fischer (2008), p. 49. The break out from the Reich Chancellery and ''Führerbunker'' started at 2300 hours on 1 May. There were ten main groups that attempted to head northwest.

Fierce fighting continued all around, especially in the Weidendammer Bridge area. In that area, what was left of the division was destroyed by Soviet artillery and anti-tank guns. Nordland's last Tiger was knocked out attempting to cross the Weidendammer Bridge. Several small groups reached the Americans at the Elbe's west bank, but most (including Mohnke's group and men from Krukenberg's group), were not successful. Most were killed in the fighting or taken prisoner after they surrendered to Soviet troops. Ziegler was gravely wounded after the break out group he was in came under heavy Soviet fire. He died on 2 May. Krukenberg made it to Dahlem, where he hid out in an apartment for a week, before surrendering to Soviet troops. On 2 May hostilities officially ended by order of General Helmuth Weidling, commander of the Defence Area Berlin.Fischer (2008), pp 49–50.

Commanders

* SS-''Brigadeführer'' Franz Augsberger (22 March 1943 – 1 May 1943)
* SS-''Gruppenführer'' Fritz von Scholz (1 May 1943 – 27 July 1944)
* SS-''Brigadeführer'' Joachim Ziegler (27 July 1944 – 25 April 1945)
* SS-''Brigadeführer'' Gustav Krukenberg (25 April 1945 – 8 May 1945)

See also

* List of Waffen-SS units
* Ranks and insignia of the Waffen-SS
* Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts

References

Citations

Bibliography

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* Hillblad, Thorolf – ''Twilight of the Gods: A Swedish Waffen-SS Volunteer's Experiences with the 11th SS-Panzergrenadier Division Nordland, Eastern Front 1944–45''
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{{DEFAULTSORT:11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland
#11
Foreign volunteer units of the Waffen-SS
Panzergrenadier divisions of the Waffen-SS
Military units and formations established in 1943
Battle of Berlin
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
Collaboration with the Axis Powers