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Pre-1600

* 173
Marcomannic Wars The Marcomannic Wars (Latin: ''bellum Germanicum et Sarmaticum'', "German and Sarmatian War") were a series of wars lasting from about 166 until 180 AD. These wars pitted the Roman Empire against, principally, the Germanic Marcomanni and Quadi ...
: The
Roman army The Roman army (Latin: ) was the armed forces deployed by the Romans throughout the duration of Ancient Rome, from the Roman Kingdom (c. 500 BC) to the Roman Republic (500–31 BC) and the Roman Empire (31 BC–395 AD), and its medieval contin ...
in
Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The me ...
is encircled by the
Quadi The Quadi were a Germanic * * * people who lived approximately in the area of modern Moravia in the time of the Roman Empire. The only surviving contemporary reports about the Germanic tribe are those of the Romans, whose empire had its bord ...
, who have broken the peace treaty (
171 Year 171 (Roman numerals, CLXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Herennianus (or, less frequently, year 92 ...
). In a violent
thunderstorm A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm or a lightning storm, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder. Relatively weak thunderstorms are someti ...
emperor
Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (Latin: áːɾkus̠ auɾέːli.us̠ antɔ́ːni.us̠ English: ; 26 April 121 – 17 March 180) was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 AD and a Stoic philosopher. He was the last of the rulers known as the Five Good ...
defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle of the rain". *
631 __NOTOC__ Year 631 ( DCXXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 631 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar er ...
Emperor Taizong of Tang Emperor Taizong of Tang (28January 59810July 649), previously Prince of Qin, personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649. He is traditionally regarded as a co-founder of the dynasty ...
sends envoys to the
Xueyantuo The Xueyantuo were an ancient Tiele people, Tiele tribe and khaganate in Northeast Asia who were at one point vassals of the Göktürks, later aligning with the Tang dynasty against the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, Eastern Göktürks. Names Xue ...
bearing gold and silk in order to seek the release of Chinese prisoners captured during the
transition from Sui to Tang The transition from Sui to Tang (613–628) was the period of Chinese history between the end of the Sui dynasty and the start of the Tang dynasty. The Sui dynasty's territories were carved into a handful of short-lived states by its officials, ...
. *
786 __NOTOC__ Year 786 ( DCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 786 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Eur ...
– A
Hasanid The Ḥasanids ( ar, بنو حسن, Banū Ḥasan or , ) are the descendants of Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī, brother of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī and grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. They are a branch of the Alids (the descendants of ʿAlī ibn Abī ...
Alid The Alids are those who claim descent from the '' rāshidūn'' caliph and Imam ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (656–661)—cousin, son-in-law, and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad—through all his wives. The main branches are the (inc ...
uprising in
Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red ...
is crushed by the
Abbasids The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ...
at the
Battle of Fakhkh The Battle of Fakhkh () was fought on 11 June 786 between the forces of the Abbasid Caliphate and the supporters of a pro-Alid rebellion in Mecca under al-Husayn ibn Ali, a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali. Husayn and his supporters planned an uprisi ...
. * 980
Vladimir the Great Vladimir I Sviatoslavich or Volodymyr I Sviatoslavych ( orv, Володимѣръ Свѧтославичь, ''Volodiměrъ Svętoslavičь'';, ''Uladzimir'', russian: Владимир, ''Vladimir'', uk, Володимир, ''Volodymyr''. Se ...
consolidates the Kievan realm from
Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
to the
Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from ...
. He is proclaimed ruler (''
knyaz , or ( Old Church Slavonic: Кнѧзь) is a historical Slavic title, used both as a royal and noble title in different times of history and different ancient Slavic lands. It is usually translated into English as prince or duke, dependi ...
'') of all
Kievan Rus' Kievan Rusʹ, also known as Kyivan Rusʹ ( orv, , Rusĭ, or , , ; Old Norse: ''Garðaríki''), was a state in Eastern and Northern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical Atlas of ...
. * 1011Lombard Revolt: Greek citizens of
Bari Bari ( , ; nap, label= Barese, Bare ; lat, Barium) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, southern Italy. It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy a ...
rise up against the Lombard rebels led by
Melus Melus (also ''Milus'' or ''Meles'', ''Melo'' in Italian) (died 1020) was a Lombard nobleman from the Apulian town of Bari, whose ambition to carve for himself an autonomous territory from the Byzantine catapanate of Italy in the early eleventh ...
and deliver the city to
Basil Mesardonites Basil Mesardonites was the Catapan of Italy, representing the Byzantine Emperor there, from 1010 to 1016 or 1017. He succeeded the catapan John Kourkouas, who died fighting the Lombards, then in rebellion under Melus, early in 1010. In March, Basi ...
, Byzantine governor ('' catepan'') of the
Catepanate of Italy The Catepanate (or Catapanate) of Italy ( el, ''Katepaníkion Italías'') was a province of the Byzantine Empire from 965 until 1071. At its greatest extent, it comprised mainland Italy south of a line drawn from Monte Gargano to the Gulf of S ...
. * 1118
Roger of Salerno Roger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the ...
,
Prince of Antioch Prince of Antioch was the title given during the Middle Ages to Normans, Norman rulers of the Principality of Antioch, a region surrounding the city of Antioch, now known as Antakya in Turkey. The Princes originally came from the County of Sicil ...
, captures
Azaz Azaz ( ar, أَعْزَاز, ʾAʿzāz) is a city in northwest Syria, roughly north-northwest of Aleppo. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Azaz had a population of 31,623 in the 2004 census.
from the
Seljuk Turks The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; fa, سلجوقیان ''Saljuqian'', alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turk ...
. *
1157 Year 1157 ( MCLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * January 12 – March 16 – Caliph Al-Muqtafi successfully defends Baghdad against the coalition forces of Sultan ...
Albert I of Brandenburg Albert the Bear (german: Albrecht der Bär; 1100 – 18 November 1170) was the first margrave of Brandenburg from 1157 to his death and was briefly duke of Saxony between 1138 and 1142. Life Albert was the only son of Otto, Count of Bal ...
, also called The Bear (Ger: Albrecht der Bär), becomes the founder of the Margraviate of
Brandenburg Brandenburg (; nds, Brannenborg; dsb, Bramborska ) is a states of Germany, state in the northeast of Germany bordering the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony, as well as the country of Poland. With an ar ...
,
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
and the first
margrave Margrave was originally the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defence of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or of a kingdom. That position became hereditary in certain feudal families in the Emp ...
. *
1345 Year 1345 ( MCCCXLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It was a year in the 14th century, in the midst of a period in human history often referred to as the Late Middle Ages. D ...
– The '' megas doux''
Alexios Apokaukos Alexios Apokaukos ( el, ; died 11 June 1345), also Latinized as Alexius Apocaucus, was a leading Byzantine statesman and high-ranking military officer ('' megas doux'') during the reigns of emperors Andronikos III Palaiologos (r. 1328–1341) ...
, chief minister of the
Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
, is lynched by political prisoners. *
1429 Year 1429 ( MCDXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * February 12 – Battle of Rouvray (or "of the Herrings"): English forces under ...
Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of France, France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French Crown, ...
: Start of the Battle of Jargeau. * 1488
Battle of Sauchieburn The Battle of Sauchieburn was fought on 11 June 1488, at the side of Sauchie Burn, a stream about south of Stirling, Scotland. The battle was fought between the followers of King James III of Scotland and a large group of rebellious Scottish n ...
: Fought between rebel Lords and
James III of Scotland James III (10 July 1451/May 1452 – 11 June 1488) was King of Scots from 1460 until his death at the Battle of Sauchieburn in 1488. He inherited the throne as a child following the death of his father, King James II, at the siege of Roxburgh Ca ...
, resulting in the death of the king. * 1509
Henry VIII of England Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...
marries
Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon (also spelt as Katherine, ; 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536) was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 11 June 1509 until their annulment on 23 May 1533. She was previously ...
. *
1559 Year 1559 ( MDLIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 15 – Elizabeth I of England is crowned, in Westminster Abbey. * February 27 ...
Don Tristan de Luna Don, don or DON and variants may refer to: Places *County Donegal, Ireland, Chapman code DON *Don (river), a river in European Russia *Don River (disambiguation), several other rivers with the name *Don, Benin, a town in Benin *Don, Dang, a vill ...
y Arellano sails for Florida with party of 1,500, intending to settle on gulf coast (Vera Cruz, Mexico). * 1594
Philip II Philip II may refer to: * Philip II of Macedon (382–336 BC) * Philip II (emperor) (238–249), Roman emperor * Philip II, Prince of Taranto (1329–1374) * Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404) * Philip II, Duke of Savoy (1438-1497) * Philip ...
recognizes the rights and privileges of the local nobles and chieftains in the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
, which paved way to the stabilization of the rule of the
Principalía The ''principalía'' or noble class was the ruling and usually educated upper class in the ''pueblos'' of Spanish Philippines, comprising the ''gobernadorcillo'' (later called the c''apitán municipal'' and had functions similar to a town mayo ...
(an elite ruling class of native nobility in Spanish Philippines).


1601–1900

* 1748
Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...
adopts the characteristic
Nordic Cross flag A Nordic cross flag is a flag bearing the design of the Nordic or Scandinavian cross, a cross symbol in a rectangular field, with the centre of the cross shifted towards the hoist. All independent Nordic countries have adopted such flags in t ...
later taken up by all other Scandinavian countries. *
1770 Events January– March * January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort. * February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Virgi ...
– British explorer Captain
James Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean an ...
runs aground on the
Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over over an area of approximately . The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, ...
. *
1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress t ...
– The
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...
's first naval engagement, the
Battle of Machias The Battle of Machias (June 11–12, 1775) was an early naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War, also known as the Battle of the ''Margaretta'', fought around the port of Machias, Maine. Following the outbreak of the war, British a ...
, results in the capture of a small British naval vessel. *
1776 Events January–February * January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. * January 1 ...
– The
Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...
appoints
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 18 ...
,
John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...
,
Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was an American polymath who was active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher. Encyclopædia Britannica, Wood, 2021 Among the leading inte ...
,
Roger Sherman Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 – July 23, 1793) was an American statesman, lawyer, and a Founding Father of the United States. He is the only person to sign four of the great state papers of the United States related to the founding: the Cont ...
, and
Robert R. Livingston Robert Robert Livingston (November 27, 1746 (Old Style November 16) – February 26, 1813) was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat from New York, as well as a Founding Father of the United States. He was known as "The Chancellor", afte ...
to the
Committee of Five '' The Committee of Five of the Second Continental Congress was a group of five members who drafted and presented to the full Congress in Pennsylvania State House what would become the United States Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776. Th ...
to draft a
declaration of independence A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood or proclamation of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the ...
. *
1788 Events January–March * January 1 – The first edition of ''The Times'', previously ''The Daily Universal Register'', is published in London. * January 2 – Georgia ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fourth U.S ...
– Russian explorer
Gerasim Izmailov Gerasim Grigoryevich Izmaylov (russian: Герасим Григорьевич Измайлов; ''circa'' 1745 - ''after'' 1795) was a Russian navigator involved in the Russian colonization of the Americas and in the establishment of the colonies ...
reaches Alaska. * 1805 – A
fire Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction Product (chemistry), products. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition ...
consumes large portions of
Detroit Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at th ...
in the
Michigan Territory The Territory of Michigan was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 30, 1805, until January 26, 1837, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan. Detroit w ...
. *
1825 Events January–March * January 4 – King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies in Naples and is succeeded by his son, Francis. * February 3 – Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula forming westernmost Denmark, becomes a ...
– The first
cornerstone The cornerstone (or foundation stone or setting stone) is the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation. All other stones will be set in reference to this stone, thus determining the position of the entire structure. Over time ...
is laid for
Fort Hamilton Fort Hamilton is a United States Army installation in the southwestern corner of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, surrounded by the communities of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights. It is one of several posts that are part of the region which is ...
in
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
. *
1837 Events January–March * January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes 6,000–7,000 casualties in Ottoman Syria. * January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States. * February – Charles Dickens's ...
– The
Broad Street Riot The Broad Street Riot was a massive brawl that occurred in Boston, Massachusetts, on June 11, 1837, between Irish Americans and Yankee firefighters. An estimated 800 people were involved in the actual fighting, with at least 10,000 spectators egg ...
occurs in
Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
, fueled by ethnic tensions between
Yankee The term ''Yankee'' and its contracted form ''Yank'' have several interrelated meanings, all referring to people from the United States. Its various senses depend on the context, and may refer to New Englanders, residents of the Northern United St ...
s and
Irish Irish may refer to: Common meanings * Someone or something of, from, or related to: ** Ireland, an island situated off the north-western coast of continental Europe ***Éire, Irish language name for the isle ** Northern Ireland, a constituent unit ...
. *
1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at Broad Street (Manhattan), 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Sec ...
– The Naval
Battle of the Riachuelo The Battle of Riachuelo was a large and decisive naval battle of the Paraguayan War between Paraguay and the Empire of Brazil. By late 1864, Paraguay had scored a series of victories in the war, but on 11 June 1865, its naval defeat by the Brazi ...
is fought on the rivulet Riachuelo (
Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
), between the
Paraguayan Navy The Paraguayan Navy ( es, Armada Paraguaya) is the maritime force of the Armed Forces of Paraguay, in charge of the defense of Paraguay's waters despite not having direct access to the sea. It has gone to war on two occasions: the War of th ...
on one side and the
Brazilian Navy ) , colors= Blue and white , colors_label= Colors , march= "Cisne Branco" ( en, "White Swan") (same name as training ship ''Cisne Branco'' , mascot= , equipment= 1 multipurpose aircraft carrier7 submarines6 frigates2 corvettes4 amphibious warf ...
on the other. The Brazilian victory was crucial for the later success of the Triple Alliance (
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
,
Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...
, and
Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
) in the
Paraguayan War The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance, was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadlies ...
. *
1892 Events January–March * January 1 – Ellis Island begins accommodating immigrants to the United States. * February 1 - The historic Enterprise Bar and Grill was established in Rico, Colorado. * February 27 – Rudolf Diesel applies for ...
– The
Limelight Department The Limelight Department was one of the world's first film studios, beginning in 1898, operated by The Salvation Army in Melbourne, Australia. The Limelight Department produced evangelistic material for use by the Salvation Army, including la ...
, one of the world's first
film studio A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company or motion picture company that has its own privately owned studio facility or facilities that are used to make films, which is handled by the production ...
s, is officially established in
Melbourne Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a met ...
, Australia. *
1895 Events January–March * January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. * January 12 – The National Trust for Places of Histor ...
Paris–Bordeaux–Paris The Paris–Bordeaux–Paris Trail race of June 1895 is sometimes called the "first motor race", although it did not fit modern competition where the fastest is the winner. It was a win for Émile Levassor, who came first after completing the 1,1 ...
, sometimes called the first automobile race in history or the "first motor race", takes place. *
1898 Events January–March * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, B ...
– The
Hundred Days' Reform The Hundred Days' Reform or Wuxu Reform () was a failed 103-day national, cultural, political, and educational reform movement that occurred from 11 June to 22 September 1898 during the late Qing dynasty. It was undertaken by the young Guangxu E ...
, a planned movement to reform social, political, and educational institutions in China, is started by the
Guangxu Emperor The Guangxu Emperor (14 August 1871 – 14 November 1908), personal name Zaitian, was the tenth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign lasted from 1875 to 1908, but in practice he ruled, wi ...
, but is suspended by
Empress Dowager Cixi Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; mnc, Tsysi taiheo; formerly Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Empress Dowager T'zu-hsi; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu people, Manchu Nara (clan)#Yehe Nara, Yehe Nara clan, was a Chinese nob ...
after 104 days. (The failed reform led to the abolition of the
Imperial examination The imperial examination (; lit. "subject recommendation") refers to a civil-service examination system in Imperial China, administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy. The concept of choosing bureaucrats by ...
in
1905 As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony i ...
.)


1901–present

*
1901 Events January * January 1 – The Crown colony, British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria (Australia), Victoria and Western Australia Federation of Australia, federate as the Australia, ...
– The boundaries of the
Colony of New Zealand The Colony of New Zealand was a Crown colony of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that encompassed the islands of New Zealand from 1841 to 1907. The power of the British government was vested in the Governor of New Zealand, as th ...
are extended by the UK to include the
Cook Islands ) , image_map = Cook Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , capital = Avarua , coordinates = , largest_city = Avarua , official_languages = , lan ...
. *
1903 Events January * January 1 – Edward VII is proclaimed Emperor of India. * January 19 – The first west–east transatlantic radio broadcast is made from the United States to England (the first east–west broadcast having been ...
– A group of Serbian officers storms the royal palace and assassinates King
Alexander I of Serbia Alexander I ( sr-cyr, Александар Обреновић, Aleksandar Obrenović; 14 August 187611 June 1903) reigned as the king of Serbia from 1889 to 1903 when he and his wife, Draga Mašin, were assassinated by a group of Royal Serbia ...
and his wife,
Queen Draga Queen or QUEEN may refer to: Monarchy * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a Kingdom ** List of queens regnant * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Queen mother, a queen dowager who is the mothe ...
. *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– King
Alexander Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...
assumes the throne of
Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...
after his father,
Constantine I Constantine I ( , ; la, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, ; ; 27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337, the first one to Constantine the Great and Christianity, convert to Christiani ...
, is deemed to have abdicated under pressure from
allied An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...
armies occupying
Athens Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...
. *
1919 Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the c ...
Sir Barton Sir Barton (April 26, 1916 – October 30, 1937) was a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who is the first winner of the American Triple Crown. Background Sir Barton was a chestnut colt bred in 1916, in Kentucky, by John E. Madden at H ...
wins the
Belmont Stakes The Belmont Stakes is an American Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds run at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. It is run over 1.5 miles (2,400 m). Colts and geldings carry a weight of ; fillies carry . The race, nicknamed Th ...
, becoming the first horse to win the U.S. Triple Crown. *
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...
– During the U.S. Republican National Convention in Chicago,
U.S. Republican Party The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP ("Grand Old Party"), is one of the Two-party system, two Major party, major contemporary political parties in the United States. The GOP was founded in 1854 by Abolitionism in the United Stat ...
leaders gathered in a room at the
Blackstone Hotel The Blackstone Hotel is a historic 21-story hotel on the corner of Michigan Avenue and Balbo Drive in the Michigan Boulevard Historic District in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois. Built between 1908 and 1910, it is on the Nation ...
to come to a consensus on their candidate for the U.S. presidential election, leading the
Associated Press The Associated Press (AP) is an American non-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. It produces news reports that are distributed to its members, U.S. newspa ...
to coin the political phrase "
smoke-filled room In U.S. political jargon, a smoke-filled room (sometimes called a smoke-filled back room) is an exclusive, sometimes secret political gathering or round-table-style decision-making process. The phrase is generally used to suggest an inner circl ...
". *
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935, an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * ...
– Inventor
Edwin Armstrong Edwin Howard Armstrong (December 18, 1890 – February 1, 1954) was an American electrical engineer and inventor, who developed FM (frequency modulation) radio and the superheterodyne receiver system. He held 42 patents and received numerous awa ...
gives the first public demonstration of FM broadcasting in the United States at Alpine, New Jersey. *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...
– The
London International Surrealist Exhibition The International Surrealist Exhibition was held from 11 June to 4 July 1936 at the New Burlington Galleries, near Savile Row in London's Mayfair, England. Organisers The exhibition was organised by committees from England, France, Belgium, Sca ...
opens. *
1937 Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into Fe ...
Great Purge The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Nikolay Yezhov, Yezhov'), was General ...
: The
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
under
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
executes eight army leaders. *
1938 Events January * January 1 ** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the a ...
Second Sino-Japanese War The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Th ...
: The
Battle of Wuhan The Battle of Wuhan (武漢之戰), popularly known to the Chinese as the Defense of Wuhan, and to the Japanese as the Capture of Wuhan, was a large-scale battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Engagements took place across vast areas of Anhui ...
starts. *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *January ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
: The Siege of Malta (World War II), Siege of Malta begins with a series of Italian air raids. *1942 – World War II: The United States agrees to send Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union. * 1942 – Free France, Free French Forces retreat from Bir Hakeim after having successfully delayed the Axis advance. *1944 – , the last battleship built by the United States Navy and future site of the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, is ship commissioning, commissioned. *1955 – Eighty-three spectators are killed and at least 100 are injured after an Austin-Healey and a Mercedes-Benz 1955 Le Mans disaster, collide at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the deadliest ever accident in motorsports. *1956 – Start of Gal Oya riots, the first reported ethnic riots that target minority Sri Lankan Tamil people, Sri Lankan Tamils in the Eastern Province. The total number of deaths is reportedly 150. *1962 – Frank Morris, John Anglin and Clarence Anglin allegedly become the only prisoners to June 1962 Alcatraz escape, escape from the prison on Alcatraz Island. *1963 – American Civil Rights Movement: List of Governors of Alabama, Governor of Alabama George Wallace defiantly Stand in the Schoolhouse Door, stands at the door of Foster Auditorium at the University of Alabama in an attempt to block two black students, Vivian Malone and James Hood, from attending that school. Later in the day, accompanied by federalized National Guard of the United States, National Guard troops, they are able to register. * 1963 – Buddhist monk Thích Quảng Đức Self-immolation, burns himself with gasoline in a busy Saigon intersection to protest the lack of religious freedom in South Vietnam. * 1963 – John F. Kennedy addresses Americans from the Oval Office proposing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which would revolutionize American society by guaranteeing equal access to public facilities, ending segregation in education, and guaranteeing federal protection for voting rights. *1964 – World War II veteran Walter Seifert attacks an elementary school in Cologne, Germany, killing at least eight children and two teachers and seriously injuring several more with a home-made flamethrower and a lance. *1968 – Lloyd J. Old identified the first Cell membrane, cell surface antigens that could differentiate among different cell types. *1970 – After being appointed on May 15, Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington officially receive their ranks as U.S. Army General (United States), Generals, becoming the first women to do so. *1971 – The U.S. Government forcibly removes the last holdouts to the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Native American Occupation of Alcatraz, ending 19 months of control. *1978 – Altaf Hussain (Pakistani politician), Altaf Hussain founds the student political movement All Pakistan Muhajir Students Organisation (APMSO) in Karachi University. *1981 – A magnitude 6.9 earthquake at Golbaf, Iran, kills at least 2,000. *1987 – Diane Abbott, Paul Boateng and Bernie Grant are elected as the first black MPs in Great Britain. *1998 – Compaq Computer pays US$9 billion for Digital Equipment Corporation in the largest high-tech acquisition. *2001 – Timothy McVeigh is executed for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing. *2002 – Antonio Meucci is acknowledged as the first inventor of the telephone by the United States Congress. *2004 – Cassini–Huygens makes its closest flyby of the Saturn Natural satellite, moon Phoebe (moon), Phoebe. *2007 – 2007 Chittagong mudslides, Mudslides in Chittagong, Bangladesh, kill 130 people. *2008 – Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper makes a historic official apology to Canada's First Nations in Canada, First Nations in regard to abuses at a Canadian Indian residential school system, Canadian Indian residential school. * 2008 – The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is launched into orbit. *2010 – The first African FIFA World Cup kicks off in South Africa. *2012 – More than 80 people die in a landslide triggered by June 2012 Afghanistan earthquakes, two earthquakes in Afghanistan; an entire village is buried. *2013 – Greece's public broadcaster Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation, ERT is shut down by then-prime minister Antonis Samaras. It would open exactly two years later by then-prime minister Alexis Tsipras.


Births


Pre-1600

*1403 – John IV, Duke of Brabant (d. 1427) *1456 – Anne Neville, Princess of Wales and Queen of England (d. 1485) *1540 – Barnabe Googe, English poet and translator (d. 1594) *1555 – Lodovico Zacconi, Italian composer and theorist (d. 1627) *1572 – Ben Jonson, English poet, playwright, and critic (d. 1637) *1585 – Evert Horn, Swedish soldier (d. 1615) *1588 – George Wither, English poet (d. 1667)


1601–1900

*1620 – John Moore (Lord Mayor), John Moore, English businessman and politician, Lord Mayor of London (d. 1702) *1655 – Antonio Cifrondi, Italian painter (d. 1730) *1662 – Tokugawa Ienobu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1712) *1672 – Francesco Antonio Bonporti, Italian priest and composer (d. 1749) *1690 – Giovanni Antonio Giay, Italian composer (d. 1764) *1696 – James Francis Edward Keith, Scottish-Prussian field marshal (d. 1758) *1697 – Francesco Antonio Vallotti, Italian organist and composer (d. 1780) *1704 – Carlos Seixas, Portuguese harpsichord player and composer (d. 1742) *1709 – Joachim Martin Falbe, German painter (d. 1782) *1712 – Benjamin Ingham, American missionary (d. 1772) *1723 – Johann Georg Palitzsch, German astronomer (d. 1788) *1726 – Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain (d. 1746) *1741 – Joseph Warren, American physician and general (d. 1775) *
1776 Events January–February * January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. * January 1 ...
– John Constable, English painter and academic (d. 1837) *1796 – François-Louis Cailler, Swiss chocolatier (d. 1852) *1797 – José Trinidad Reyes, Honduran philosopher and theorist (d. 1855) *1807 – James F. Schenck, American admiral (d. 1882) *1815 – Julia Margaret Cameron, Indian-Sri Lankan photographer (d. 1879) *1818 – Alexander Bain (philosopher), Alexander Bain, Scottish philosopher and academic (d. 1903) *1829 – Edward Braddon, English-Australian politician, 18th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1904) *1832 – Lucy Pickens, American wife of Francis Wilkinson Pickens (d. 1899) *1834 – Johann Bauschinger, German mechanical engineer and physicist (d. 1893) *1842 – Carl von Linde, German engineer and academic (d. 1934) *1846 – William Louis Marshall, American general and engineer (d. 1920) *1847 – Millicent Fawcett, English academic and activist (d. 1929) *1861 – Alexander Peacock, Australian politician, 20th Premier of Victoria (d. 1933) *1864 – Richard Strauss, German composer and conductor (d. 1949) *1867 – Charles Fabry, French physicist and academic (d. 1945) *1871 – Stjepan Radić, Croatian lawyer and politician (d. 1928) *1876 – Alfred L. Kroeber, American-French anthropologist and ethnologist (d. 1960) *1877 – Renée Vivien, English-French poet and author (d. 1909) *1879 – Roger Bresnahan, American baseball player and manager (d. 1944) *1880 – Jeannette Rankin, American social worker and politician (d. 1973) *1881 – Spiros Xenos, Greek-Swedish painter (d. 1963) * 1881 – Mordecai Kaplan, Lithuanian rabbi, founded Reconstructionist Judaism (d. 1983) * 1881 – Maggie Gripenberg, Finnish dancer and choreographer (d. 1976) *1888 – Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian-American anarchist and convicted criminal (d. 1927) *1889 – Hugo Wieslander, Swedish decathlete (d. 1976) *1894 – Kiichiro Toyoda, Japanese businessman, founded Toyota (d. 1952) *
1895 Events January–March * January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. * January 12 – The National Trust for Places of Histor ...
– Nikolai Bulganin, Soviet politician (d. 1975) *1897 – Ram Prasad Bismil, Indian activist, founded the Hindustan Republican Association (d. 1927) * 1897 – Reg Latta, Australian rugby league player (d. 1970) *1899 – Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese novelist and short story writer Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)


1901–present

*
1901 Events January * January 1 – The Crown colony, British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria (Australia), Victoria and Western Australia Federation of Australia, federate as the Australia, ...
– Cap Fear, Canadian football player and rower (d. 1978) * 1901 – Benny Wearing, Australian rugby league player (d. 1968) *1902 – Eric Fraser (illustrator), Eric Fraser, British illustrator and graphic designer (d. 1983) *
1903 Events January * January 1 – Edward VII is proclaimed Emperor of India. * January 19 – The first west–east transatlantic radio broadcast is made from the United States to England (the first east–west broadcast having been ...
– Ernie Nevers, American football player and coach (d. 1976) *1908 – Karl Hein, German hammer thrower (d. 1982) * 1908 – Jacinta and Francisco Marto, Francisco Marto, Portuguese saint (d. 1919) *1909 – Natascha Artin Brunswick, German-American mathematician and photographer (d. 2003) *1910 – Carmine Coppola, American flute player and composer (d. 1991) * 1910 – Jacques Cousteau, French biologist, author, and inventor, co-developed the aqua-lung (d. 1997) *1912 – James Algar, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1998) * 1912 – William Baziotes, American painter and academic (d. 1963) * 1912 – Mohammad Hassan Ganji, Iranian meteorologist and academic (d. 2012) *1913 – Vince Lombardi, American football player, coach, and manager (d. 1970) * 1913 – Risë Stevens, American soprano and actress (d. 2013) *1914 – Jan Hendrik van den Berg, Dutch psychiatrist and academic (d. 2012) *1915 – Magda Gabor, Hungarian-American actress (d. 1997) * 1915 – Nicholas Metropolis, American mathematician and physicist (d. 1999) *1918 – Ruth Aarons, American table tennis player and manager (d. 1980) *
1919 Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the c ...
– Suleiman Mousa, Jordanian historian and author (d. 2008) * 1919 – Richard Todd, Irish-English actor (d. 2009) *
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...
– Hazel Scott, Trinidadian-American singer, actress, and pianist (d. 1981) * 1920 – Keith Seaman, Australian lawyer and politician, 29th Governor of South Australia (d. 2013) *1922 – Jean Sutherland Boggs, Peruvian-Canadian historian, academic, and civil servant (d. 2014) * 1922 – Michael Cacoyannis, Greek Cypriot director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2011) *1925 – Johnny Esaw, Canadian sportscaster (d. 2013) * 1925 – William Styron, American novelist and essayist (d. 2006) *1926 – Carlisle Floyd, American composer and educator (d. 2021) *1927 – Beryl Grey, English ballerina (d. 2022) * 1927 – John W. O'Malley, American Catholic historian, academic and Jesuit priest (d. 2022) * 1927 – Kit Pedler, English parapsychologist and author (d. 1981) *1928 – Queen Fabiola of Belgium (d. 2014) *1929 – Ayhan Şahenk, Turkish businessman (d. 2001) *1930 – Charles Rangel, American soldier, lawyer, and politician *1932 – Athol Fugard, South African-American actor, director, and playwright * 1932 – Tim Sainsbury, English businessman and politician, Minister of State for Trade *1933 – Gene Wilder, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2016) *
1937 Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into Fe ...
– Chad Everett, American actor and director (d. 2012) * 1937 – Robin Warren, Australian pathologist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate *1939 – Rachael Heyhoe Flint, Baroness Heyhoe Flint, English cricketer and journalist (d. 2017) * 1939 – Jackie Stewart, Scottish racing driver and sports presenter *1942 – Parris Glendening, American politician, 59th Governor of Maryland *1943 – Henry Hill, American mobster (d. 2012) *1945 – Adrienne Barbeau, American actress *1948 – Dave Cash (baseball), Dave Cash, American baseball player and coach * 1948 – Lalu Prasad Yadav, Indian politician, 20th Chief Minister of Bihar *1949 – Frank Beard (musician), Frank Beard, American drummer and songwriter *1950 – Lynsey de Paul, English singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, cartoonist and actress (d. 2014) * 1950 – Graham Russell, English-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist *1951 – Yasumasa Morimura, Japanese painter and photographer *1952 – Yekaterina Podkopayeva, Russian runner * 1952 – Donnie Van Zant, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *1953 – Steve Bassam, Baron Bassam of Brighton, English politician * 1953 – José Bové, French farmer and politician *1954 – John Dyson (cricketer, born 1954), John Dyson, Australian cricketer * 1954 – Johnny Neel, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player *1955 – Yuriy Sedykh, Ukrainian hammer thrower (d. 2021) * 1955 – Duncan Steel, English-Australian astronomer and author *1956 – Joe Montana, American football player and sportscaster *1959 – Hugh Laurie, English actor and screenwriter *1960 – Mehmet Oz, American surgeon, author, and television host *1962 – Mano Menezes, Brazilian footballer and coach *1963 – Gioia Bruno, American singer-songwriter * 1963 – Sandra Schmirler, Canadian curler and sportscaster (d. 2000) *1964 – Jean Alesi, French race car driver * 1964 – Kim Gallagher, American runner (d. 2002) *1965 – Georgios Bartzokas, Greek former professional basketball player * 1965 – Gavin Hill, New Zealand rugby player *1966 – Bruce Robison, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist *1967 – Graeme Bachop, New Zealand rugby player * 1967 – João Garcia, Portuguese mountaineer *1968 – Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein * 1968 – Manoa Thompson, Fijian rugby player *1969 – Peter Dinklage, American actor and producer * 1969 – Olaf Kapagiannidis, German footballer *1971 – Vladimir Gaidamașciuc, Moldovan footballer * 1971 – Liz Kendall, British politician * 1971 – Mark Richardson (cricketer), Mark Richardson, New Zealand cricketer *1972 – Stephen Kearney, New Zealand rugby league player and coach *1973 – José Manuel Abundis, Mexican footballer and coach *1974 – Fragiskos Alvertis, Greek basketball player, coach, and manager *1976 – Reiko Tosa, Japanese runner *1977 – Geoff Ogilvy, Australian golfer *1978 – Joshua Jackson, Canadian-American actor * 1978 – Daryl Tuffey, New Zealand cricketer *1979 – Ali Boussaboun, Moroccan-Dutch footballer * 1979 – Amy Duggan, Australian footballer and sportscaster *1980 – Yhency Brazoban, Dominican baseball player *1981 – Emiliano Moretti, Italian footballer * 1981 – Kristo Tohver, Estonian footballer and referee *1982 – Vanessa Boslak, French pole vaulter * 1982 – Jacques Freitag, South African high jumper * 1982 – Joey Graham, American basketball player * 1982 – Stephen Graham (basketball), Stephen Graham, American basketball player * 1982 – Reni Maitua, Australian rugby league player * 1982 – Eldar Rønning, Norwegian skier * 1982 – Diana Taurasi, American basketball player *1983 – Chuck Hayes, American basketball player * 1983 – José Reyes (shortstop), José Reyes, Dominican baseball player *1984 – Andy Lee (boxer), Andy Lee, Irish boxer * 1984 – Vágner Love, Brazilian footballer *1985 – Tim Hoogland, German footballer *1986 – Sebastian Bayer, German long jumper * 1986 – Shia LaBeouf, American actor *1987 – Marsel İlhan, Turkish tennis player * 1987 – Didrik Solli-Tangen, Norwegian singer *1988 – Jesús Fernández Collado, Spanish footballer * 1988 – Yui Aragaki, Japanese actress, voice actress, singer-songwriter, model, radio host *1989 – Maya Moore, American basketball player *1990 – Christophe Lemaitre, French sprinter *1991 – Daniel Howell, English YouTuber *1993 – Brittany Boyd, American basketball player *1994 – Ivana Baquero, Spanish actress *1996 – Ayaka Sasaki, Japanese singer *1998 – Charlie Tahan, American actor *1999 – Eartha Cumings, Scottish footballer *2004 – Katrina Scott, American tennis player


Deaths


Pre-1600

*323 BC – Alexander the Great, Macedonian king (b. 356 BC) * 573 – Emilian of Cogolla, Iberian Peninsula, Iberic saint (b. 472) *
786 __NOTOC__ Year 786 ( DCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 786 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Eur ...
– Al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Abid, anti-Abbasid rebel leader * 840 – Emperor Junna, Junna, emperor of Japan (b. 785) * 884 – Shi Jingsi, general of the Tang dynasty, Tang Dynasty *AD 888, 888 – Rimbert, archbishop of Archbishopric of Bremen, Bremen (b. 830) *1183 – Henry the Young King of England (b. 1155) *1216 – Henry of Flanders, emperor of the Latin Empire (b. c. 1174) *1248 – Adachi Kagemori, Japanese samurai *1253 – Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy, Amadeus IV, count of Savoy (b. 1197) *1298 – Yolanda of Poland (b. 1235) *1323 – Berengar Fredol the Elder, French lawyer and bishop (b. 1250) *
1345 Year 1345 ( MCCCXLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It was a year in the 14th century, in the midst of a period in human history often referred to as the Late Middle Ages. D ...
Alexios Apokaukos Alexios Apokaukos ( el, ; died 11 June 1345), also Latinized as Alexius Apocaucus, was a leading Byzantine statesman and high-ranking military officer ('' megas doux'') during the reigns of emperors Andronikos III Palaiologos (r. 1328–1341) ...
, chief minister of the Byzantine Empire *1347 – Bartholomew of San Concordio, Italian Dominican canonist and man of letters (b. 1260) *1446 – Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick (b. 1425) *1479 – John of Sahagun, hermit and saint (b. 1419) * 1488
James III of Scotland James III (10 July 1451/May 1452 – 11 June 1488) was King of Scots from 1460 until his death at the Battle of Sauchieburn in 1488. He inherited the throne as a child following the death of his father, King James II, at the siege of Roxburgh Ca ...
(b. 1451) *1557 – John III of Portugal (b. 1502) *1560 – Mary of Guise, queen of James V of Scotland (b. 1515)


1601–1900

*1683 – Nikita Pustosvyat, a leader of the Russian Old Believers, beheaded (b. unknown) *1695 – André Félibien, French historian and author (b. 1619) *1712 – Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme (b. 1654) *1727 – George I of Great Britain (b. 1660) * 1748 – Felice Torelli, Italian painter (b. 1667) *1796 – Samuel Whitbread (1720–1796), Samuel Whitbread, English brewer and politician, founded the Whitbread, Whitbread Company (b. 1720) *1847 – John Franklin, English admiral and politician (b. 1786) *1852 – Karl Bryullov, Russian painter (b. 1799) *1859 – Klemens von Metternich, German-Austrian politician, 1st State Chancellor of the Austrian Empire (b. 1773) *1879 – William, Prince of Orange (b. 1840) *1882 – Louis Désiré Maigret, French bishop (b. 1804) *1885 – Matías Ramos Mejía, Argentinian colonel (b. 1810) *1897 – Henry Ayers, English-Australian politician, 8th Premier of South Australia (b. 1821)


1901–present

*
1903 Events January * January 1 – Edward VII is proclaimed Emperor of India. * January 19 – The first west–east transatlantic radio broadcast is made from the United States to England (the first east–west broadcast having been ...
– Nikolai Bugaev, Russian mathematician and philosopher (b. 1837) * 1903 –
Alexander I of Serbia Alexander I ( sr-cyr, Александар Обреновић, Aleksandar Obrenović; 14 August 187611 June 1903) reigned as the king of Serbia from 1889 to 1903 when he and his wife, Draga Mašin, were assassinated by a group of Royal Serbia ...
(b. 1876) * 1903 – Draga Mašin, Serbian wife of
Alexander I of Serbia Alexander I ( sr-cyr, Александар Обреновић, Aleksandar Obrenović; 14 August 187611 June 1903) reigned as the king of Serbia from 1889 to 1903 when he and his wife, Draga Mašin, were assassinated by a group of Royal Serbia ...
(b. 1864) *1911 – James Curtis Hepburn, American physician and missionary (b. 1815) *1913 – Mahmud Shevket Pasha, Ottoman general and politician, 279th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1856) *1914 – Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1848) *
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...
– William F. Halsey, Sr., American captain (b. 1853) *1924 – Théodore Dubois, French organist, composer, and educator (b. 1837) *1927 – William Attewell, English cricketer (b. 1861) *1934 – Lev Vygotsky, Belarusian-Russian psychologist and theorist (b. 1896) *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...
– Robert E. Howard, American author and poet (b. 1906) *
1937 Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into Fe ...
– R. J. Mitchell, English engineer, designed the Supermarine Spitfire (b. 1895) *1941 – Daniel Carter Beard, American author and illustrator, founded the Boy Scouts of America (b. 1850) *1955 – Pierre Levegh, French race car driver (b. 1905) *1962 – Chhabi Biswas, Indian actor and director (b. 1900) *1963 – Thích Quảng Đức, Vietnamese monk and martyr (b. 1897) *1965 – Paul B. Coremans, Belgian chemist and academic (b. 1908) * 1965 – José Mendes Cabeçadas, Portuguese admiral and politician, 9th President of Portugal (b. 1883) *1970 – Frank Laubach, American missionary and mystic (b. 1884) *1974 – Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Brazilian general and politician, 16th President of Brazil (b. 1883) * 1974 – Julius Evola, Italian philosopher and author (b. 1898) *1976 – Jim Konstanty, American baseball player (b. 1917) *1979 – Alice Dalgliesh, Trinidadian-American author and publisher (b. 1893) * 1979 – John Wayne, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1907) *1982 – H. Radclyffe Roberts, American entomologist (b. 1906) *1983 – Ghanshyam Das Birla, Indian businessman and politician (b. 1894) *1984 – Enrico Berlinguer, Italian politician (b. 1922) *1986 – Chesley Bonestell, American painter and illustrator (b. 1888) *1991 – Cromwell Everson, South African composer (b. 1925) *1992 – Rafael Orozco Maestre, Colombian singer (b. 1954) *1993 – Ray Sharkey, American actor (b. 1952) *1994 – A. Thurairajah, Sri Lankan engineer and academic (b. 1934) *1995 – Rodel Naval, Filipino singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1953) *1996 – George Hees, Canadian politician (b. 1910) * 1996 – Brigitte Helm, German-Swiss actress (b. 1908) *1998 – Catherine Cookson, English author (b. 1906) *1999 – DeForest Kelley, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1920) *2001 – Timothy McVeigh, American terrorist (b. 1968) * 2001 – Amalia Mendoza, Mexican singer and actress (b. 1923) *2003 – David Brinkley, American journalist and author (b. 1920) *2004 – Egon von Fürstenberg, Swiss fashion designer (b. 1946) *2005 – Vasco Gonçalves, Portuguese general and politician, 103rd Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1922) * 2005 – Anne-Marie Alonzo, Canadian playwright, poet, novelist, critic and publisher (b. 1951) *2006 – Neroli Fairhall, New Zealand archer (b. 1944) * 2006 – Bruce Shand, English soldier (b. 1917) *2007 – Imre Friedmann, American biologist and academic (b. 1921) * 2007 – Mala Powers, American actress (b. 1931) *2008 – Ove Andersson, Swedish race car driver (b. 1938) * 2008 – Võ Văn Kiệt, Vietnamese soldier and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1922) *2011 – Eliyahu M. Goldratt, Israeli physicist and engineer (b. 1947) * 2011 – Seth Putnam, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1968) *2012 – Ann Rutherford, Canadian-American actress (b. 1917) * 2012 – Teófilo Stevenson, Cuban boxer and engineer (b. 1952) *2013 – Miller Barber, American golfer (b. 1931) * 2013 – Carl W. Bauer, American lawyer and politician (b. 1933) * 2013 – Robert Fogel, American economist and academic, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1926) * 2013 – James Grimsley, Jr., American general (b. 1921) * 2013 – Rory Morrison, English journalist (b. 1964) * 2013 – Kristiāns Pelšs, Latvian ice hockey player (b. 1992) * 2013 – Vidya Charan Shukla, Indian politician, Minister of External Affairs (India), Indian Minister of External Affairs (b. 1929) *2014 – Ruby Dee, American actress (b. 1922) * 2014 – Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, Spanish conductor and composer (b. 1933) * 2014 – Susan B. Horwitz, American computer scientist, engineer, and academic (b. 1955) * 2014 – Mipham Chokyi Lodro, Tibetan lama and educator (b. 1952) * 2014 – Benjamin Mophatlane, South African businessman (b. 1973) * 2014 – Carlton Sherwood, American soldier and journalist (b. 1947) *2015 – Jim Ed Brown, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1934) * 2015 – Ornette Coleman, American saxophonist, violinist, trumpet player, and composer (b. 1930) * 2015 – Ian McKechnie, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1941) * 2015 – Ron Moody, English actor and singer (b. 1924) * 2015 – Dusty Rhodes (wrestler), Dusty Rhodes, American wrestler (b. 1945) *2016 – Rudi Altig, German track and road racing cyclist (b. 1937) *2020 – Stella Pevsner, children's author (b. 1921) *2022 – Hilary Devey, English businesswoman, television presenter (b. 1957)


Holidays and observances

*Public holidays in Libya, American Evacuation Day (Libya) *Armed Forces Day#Brazil, Brazilian Navy commemorative day (Brazil) *Christian feast day: **Barnabas, Barnabas the Apostle **Bartholomew the Apostle (Eastern Christianity) **Beatification, Blessed Ignatius Maloyan (Armenian Catholic Church) **Paula Frassinetti **Riagail of Bangor **June 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *William Davis Miners' Memorial Day, Davis Day (Cape Breton Island, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada) *King Kamehameha I Day (Hawaii, United States) *Public holidays in Honduras, Student Day (Honduras)


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:June 11 Days of the year June