Events
Pre-1600
*
472
__NOTOC__
Year 472 ( CDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Festus and Marcianus (or, less frequently, year 1225 ''A ...
– After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor
Anthemius
Procopius Anthemius (died 11 July 472) was western Roman emperor from 467 to 472.
Perhaps the last capable Western Roman Emperor, Anthemius attempted to solve the two primary military challenges facing the remains of the Western Roman Empire: ...
is captured in
St. Peter's Basilica
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican ( it, Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica ( la, Basilica Sancti Petri), is a church built in the Renaissance style located in Vatican City, the papal e ...
and put to death.
*
813
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* June 22 – Battle of Versinikia: The Bulgars, led by Krum, ruler ('' khan'') of the Bulgarian Empire, defeat Emperor Michael I near Edirne (modern Turkey). The Byzantine army (26,000 men) ...
– Byzantine emperor
Michael I Michael I may refer to:
* Pope Michael I of Alexandria, Coptic Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark in 743–767
* Michael I Rhangabes, Byzantine Emperor (died in 844)
* Michael I Cerularius, Patriarch Michael I of Constantin ...
, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general
Leo the Armenian, and becomes a
monk
A monk (, from el, μοναχός, ''monachos'', "single, solitary" via Latin ) is a person who practices religious asceticism by monastic living, either alone or with any number of other monks. A monk may be a person who decides to dedica ...
(under the name Athanasius).
*
911
911 or 9/11 may refer to:
Dates
* AD 911
* 911 BC
* September 11
** 9/11, the September 11 attacks of 2001
** 11 de Septiembre, Chilean coup d'état in 1973 that outed the democratically elected Salvador Allende
* November 9
Numbers
* 91 ...
– Signing of the
Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte
The treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) is the foundational document of the Duchy of Normandy, establishing Rollo, a Norse warlord and Viking leader, as the first Duke of Normandy in exchange for his loyalty to the king of West Francia, followi ...
between
Charles the Simple
Charles III (17 September 879 – 7 October 929), called the Simple or the Straightforward (from the Latin ''Carolus Simplex''), was the king of West Francia from 898 until 922 and the king of Lotharingia from 911 until 919–923. He was a mem ...
and
Rollo
Rollo ( nrf, Rou, ''Rolloun''; non, Hrólfr; french: Rollon; died between 928 and 933) was a Viking who became the first ruler of Normandy, today a region in northern France. He emerged as the outstanding warrior among the Norsemen who had se ...
of Normandy.
*
1174
Year 1174 ( MCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1174th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 174th year of the 2nd millennium, the ...
–
Baldwin IV, 13, becomes
King of Jerusalem
The King of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a Crusader state founded in Jerusalem by the Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade, when the city was conquered in 1099.
Godfrey of Bouillon, the first ruler of t ...
, with
Raymond III, Count of Tripoli
Raymond III (1140 – September/October 1187) was count of Tripoli from 1152 to 1187. He was a minor when Assassins murdered his father, Raymond II of Tripoli. Baldwin III of Jerusalem, who was staying in Tripoli, made Raymond's mother, Hodierna ...
as regent and
William of Tyre
William of Tyre ( la, Willelmus Tyrensis; 113029 September 1186) was a medieval prelate and chronicler. As archbishop of Tyre, he is sometimes known as William II to distinguish him from his predecessor, William I, the Englishman, a former ...
as chancellor.
*
1302
Year 1302 ( MCCCII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Spring – Co-Emperor Michael IX (Palaiologos) launches a campaign which ...
–
Battle of the Golden Spurs (''Guldensporenslag'' in Dutch): A coalition around the
Flemish
Flemish (''Vlaams'') is a Low Franconian dialect cluster of the Dutch language. It is sometimes referred to as Flemish Dutch (), Belgian Dutch ( ), or Southern Dutch (). Flemish is native to Flanders, a historical region in northern Belgium; ...
cities defeats the king of France's royal army.
*
1346 –
Charles IV,
Count of Luxembourg
The territory of Luxembourg has been ruled successively by counts, dukes and grand dukes. It was part of the medieval Kingdom of Germany, and later the Holy Roman Empire until it became a sovereign state in 1815.
Counts of Luxembourg
House of Ard ...
and
King of Bohemia
The Duchy of Bohemia was established in 870 and raised to the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198. Several Bohemian monarchs ruled as non-hereditary kings beforehand, first gaining the title in 1085. From 1004 to 1806, Bohemia was part of the Holy Roman E ...
, is elected
King of the Romans.
*
1405 –
Ming
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han peop ...
admiral
Zheng He
Zheng He (; 1371–1433 or 1435) was a Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, fleet admiral, and court eunuch during China's early Ming dynasty. He was originally born as Ma He in a Muslim family and later adopted the surname Zheng conferr ...
sets sail
to explore the world for the first time.
*
1410
Year 1410 ( MCDX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* March 25 – The first of the Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols is ...
–
Ottoman Interregnum
The Ottoman Interregnum, or the Ottoman Civil War ( 20 July 1402 – 5 July 1413; tr, Fetret Devri, , Interregnum Period), was a civil war in the Ottoman Empire between the sons of Sultan Bayezid I following the defeat of their father at the ...
:
Süleyman Çelebi
Süleyman Çelebi (also Emir Süleyman; d. 17 February 1411) was an Ottoman prince () and a co-ruler of the Ottoman Empire for several years during the Ottoman Interregnum. There is a tradition of western origin, according to which Suleiman th ...
defeats his brother
Musa Çelebi
Musa Çelebi (died 5 July 1413) was an Ottoman prince ( tr, şehzade) and a co-ruler of the empire for three years during the Ottoman Interregnum.
Background
Musa was one of the sons of Bayezid I, the fourth Ottoman sultan.Kastritsis, Dimi ...
outside the Ottoman capital,
Edirne
Edirne (, ), formerly known as Adrianople or Hadrianopolis ( Greek: Άδριανούπολις), is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated from the Greek and from the Bulgarian borders ...
.
*
1476
Year 1476 ( MCDLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* March 1 – Battle of Toro (War of the Castilian Succession): Although militaril ...
–
Giuliano della Rovere
Pope Julius II ( la, Iulius II; it, Giulio II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or the ...
is appointed bishop of
Coutances
Coutances () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
History
Capital of the Unelli, a Gaulish tribe, the town was given the name of ''Constantia'' in 298 during the reign of Roman emperor Constantius Chloru ...
.
*
1576
Year 1576 ( MDLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 20 – Viceroy Martín Enríquez de Almanza founds the settlement of León ...
– While exploring the
North Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...
in an attempt to find the
Northwest Passage
The Northwest Passage (NWP) is the sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The eastern route along the Arc ...
,
Martin Frobisher sights
Greenland
Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland i ...
, mistaking it for the hypothesized (but non-existent) island of "Frisland".
1601–1900
*
1616
Events
January–June
* January
** Six-year-old António Vieira arrives from Portugal, with his parents, in Bahia (present-day Salvador) in Colonial Brazil, where he will become a diplomat, noted author, leading figure of the Church, an ...
–
Samuel de Champlain returns to
Quebec
Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...
.
*
1735
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Alexander Pope's poem '' Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot'' is published in London.
* January 8 – George Frideric Handel's opera ''Ariodante'' is premièred at the Royal Opera House in Covent ...
– Mathematical calculations suggest that it is on this day that
dwarf planet
A dwarf planet is a small planetary-mass object that is in direct orbit of the Sun, smaller than any of the eight classical planets but still a world in its own right. The prototypical dwarf planet is Pluto. The interest of dwarf planets to ...
Pluto
Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Sun. It is the largest ...
moved inside the orbit of
Neptune for the last time before 1979.
*
1789
Events
January–March
* January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet '' What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution.
* January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential electio ...
–
Jacques Necker
Jacques Necker (; 30 September 1732 – 9 April 1804) was a Genevan banker and statesman who served as finance minister for Louis XVI. He was a reformer, but his innovations sometimes caused great discontent. Necker was a constitutional monarchi ...
is dismissed as France's Finance Minister sparking the
Storming of the Bastille
The Storming of the Bastille (french: Prise de la Bastille ) occurred in Paris, France, on 14 July 1789, when revolutionary insurgents stormed and seized control of the medieval armoury, fortress, and political prison known as the Bastille. At ...
.
*
1796
Events
January–March
* January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.)
* February 1 – The capital ...
– The United States takes possession of
Detroit
Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at t ...
from
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It i ...
under terms of the
Jay Treaty
The Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America, commonly known as the Jay Treaty, and also as Jay's Treaty, was a 1794 treaty between the United States and Great Britain that averted ...
.
*
1798
Events
January–June
* January – Eli Whitney contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 muskets, which he produces with interchangeable parts.
* January 4 – Constantine Hangerli enters Bucharest, as Prince of ...
– The
United States Marine Corps
The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combi ...
is re-established; they had been disbanded after the
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...
.
*
1801
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland is completed under the Act of Union 1800, bringing about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the abolition of the Parliament of I ...
– French astronomer
Jean-Louis Pons
Jean-Louis Pons (24 December 176114 October 1831) was a French astronomer. Despite humble beginnings and being self-taught, he went on to become the greatest visual comet discoverer of all time: between 1801 and 1827 Pons discovered thirty-seven ...
makes his first
comet
A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to release gases, a process that is called outgassing. This produces a visible atmosphere or coma, and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena ...
discovery. In the next 27 years he discovers another 36 comets, more than any other person in history.
*
1804
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic, having the only successful slave revolt ever.
* February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa.
* Februa ...
–
A duel occurs in which the
Vice President of the United States
The vice president of the United States (VPOTUS) is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the president of the United States, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. The vice ...
Aaron Burr mortally wounds former
Secretary of the Treasury
The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...
Alexander Hamilton.
*
1833 –
Noongar
The Noongar (, also spelt Noongah, Nyungar , Nyoongar, Nyoongah, Nyungah, Nyugah, and Yunga ) are Aboriginal Australian peoples who live in the south-west corner of Western Australia, from Geraldton on the west coast to Esperance on the so ...
Australian aboriginal
Aboriginal Australians are the various Indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, such as Tasmania, Fraser Island, Hinchinbrook Island, the Tiwi Islands, and Groote Eylandt, but excluding the Torres Strait I ...
warrior
Yagan
Yagan (; – 11 July 1833) was an Aboriginal Australian warrior from the Noongar people. Yagan was pursued by the local authorities after he killed Erin Entwhistle, a servant of farmer Archibald Butler. It was an act of retaliation after ...
, wanted for the murder of white colonists in Western Australia, is killed.
*
1836
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
* January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas.
* January 12
** , with Charles Darwin on board, re ...
– ''
The Fly-fisher's Entomology
''The Fly-Fisher's Entomology, Illustrated by Coloured Representations of the Natural and Artificial Insect and Accompanied by a Few Observations and Instructions Relative to Trout-and-Grayling Fishing'', first published in 1836 by Alfred Ronald ...
'' is published by
Alfred Ronalds. The book transformed the sport and went to many editions.
*
1848
1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...
–
Waterloo railway station in London opens.
*
1864 –
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states ...
:
Battle of Fort Stevens
The Battle of Fort Stevens was an American Civil War battle fought July 11–12, 1864, in what is now Northwest Washington, D.C., as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 between forces under Confederate Lieutenant General Jubal Early and ...
;
Confederate
Confederacy or confederate may refer to:
States or communities
* Confederate state or confederation, a union of sovereign groups or communities
* Confederate States of America, a confederation of secessionist American states that existed between 1 ...
forces attempt to invade Washington, D.C.
*
1882
Events
January–March
* January 2
** The Standard Oil Trust is secretly created in the United States to control multiple corporations set up by John D. Rockefeller and his associates.
** Irish-born author Oscar Wilde arrives in t ...
– The British
Mediterranean Fleet begins the
Bombardment of Alexandria
The Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt by the British Mediterranean Fleet took place on 11–13 July 1882.
Admiral Beauchamp Seymour was in command of a fleet of fifteen Royal Navy ironclad ships which had previously sailed to the harbor of ...
in Egypt as part of the
Anglo-Egyptian War
The British conquest of Egypt (1882), also known as Anglo-Egyptian War (), occurred in 1882 between Egyptian and Sudanese forces under Ahmed ‘Urabi and the United Kingdom. It ended a nationalist uprising against the Khedive Tewfik Pasha. It ...
.
*
1889
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada.
** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in t ...
–
Tijuana
Tijuana ( ,["Tijuana"](_blank)
(US) and [< ...]
, Mexico, is founded.
*
1893
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America.
* Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson.
* January 6 – Th ...
– The first cultured
pearl
A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids. Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pearl is composed of calcium carb ...
is obtained by
Kōkichi Mikimoto
Kōkichi, Kokichi or Koukichi (written: 幸吉, 小吉, 浩吉 or 鋼吉) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
*, Japanese baseball player
*, Japanese samurai
*, Japanese footballer and manager
*, Japanese phot ...
.
* 1893 – A
revolution
In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...
led by the liberal general and politician
José Santos Zelaya
José Santos Zelaya López (1 November 1853 in Managua – 17 May 1919 in New York City) was the President of Nicaragua from 25 July 1893 to 21 December 1909.
Early life
He was a son of José María Zelaya Irigoyen, who was originally from ...
takes over state power in
Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the countr ...
.
*
1897
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City.
* January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a puni ...
–
Salomon August Andrée
Salomon August Andrée (18 October 1854, in Gränna, Småland – October 1897, in Kvitøya, Arctic Norway), during his lifetime most often known as S. A. Andrée, was a Swedish engineer, physicist, aeronaut and polar explorer who died whi ...
leaves
Spitsbergen to attempt to reach the
North Pole
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's rotation, Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. It is called the True North Pole to distingu ...
by
balloon
A balloon is a flexible bag that can be inflated with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, and air. For special tasks, balloons can be filled with smoke, liquid water, granular media (e.g. sand, flour or rice), or light so ...
.
*
1899
Events January 1899
* January 1
** Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.
** Queens and Staten Island become administratively part of New York City.
* January 2 –
**Bolivia sets up a c ...
–
Fiat founded by
Giovanni Agnelli in
Turin, Italy
Turin ( , Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. T ...
.
1901–present
*
1906
Events
January–February
* January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, ...
–
Murder of Grace Brown
Grace Mae Brown (March 20, 1886 – July 11, 1906) was an American woman who was murdered by her boyfriend, Chester Gillette, on Big Moose Lake, New York, after she told him she was pregnant. The murder, and the subsequent trial of the suspect, ...
by
Chester Gillette
Chester Ellsworth Gillette (August 9, 1883 – March 30, 1908), an American convicted murderer, became the basis for the fictional character Clyde Griffiths in Theodore Dreiser's novel '' An American Tragedy'', which was the basis of the 1931 ...
in the United States, inspiration for
Theodore Dreiser
Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser (; August 27, 1871 – December 28, 1945) was an American novelist and journalist of the naturalist school. His novels often featured main characters who succeeded at their objectives despite a lack of a firm mora ...
's ''
An American Tragedy
''An American Tragedy'' is a 1925 novel by American writer Theodore Dreiser. He began the manuscript in the summer of 1920, but a year later abandoned most of that text. It was based on the notorious murder of Grace Brown in 1906 and the trial of ...
''.
*
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
–
Babe Ruth
George Herman "Babe" Ruth Jr. (February 6, 1895 – August 16, 1948) was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball (MLB) spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935. Nicknamed "the Bambino" and "the Su ...
makes his debut in
Major League Baseball
Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world. MLB is composed of 30 total teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), ...
.
* 1914 – is launched.
*
1919
Events
January
* January 1
** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia.
** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the ...
– The
eight-hour day
The eight-hour day movement (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement to regulate the length of a working day, preventing excesses and abuses.
An eight-hour work day has its origins in the ...
and free Sunday become law for workers in the Netherlands.
*
1920 – In the
East Prussian plebiscite
The East Prussian plebiscite (german: Abstimmung in Ostpreußen), also known as the Allenstein and Marienwerder plebiscite or Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle plebiscite ( pl, Plebiscyt na Warmii, Mazurach i Powiślu), was a plebiscite organised in a ...
the local populace decides to remain with
Weimar Germany
The Weimar Republic (german: link=no, Weimarer Republik ), officially named the German Reich, was the government of Germany from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is als ...
.
*
1921 – A truce in the
Irish War of Independence comes into effect.
* 1921 – The
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...
captures
Mongolia
Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...
from the
White Army
The White Army (russian: Белая армия, Belaya armiya) or White Guard (russian: Бѣлая гвардія/Белая гвардия, Belaya gvardiya, label=none), also referred to as the Whites or White Guardsmen (russian: Бѣлогв ...
and establishes the
Mongolian People's Republic
The Mongolian People's Republic ( mn, Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс, БНМАУ; , ''BNMAU''; ) was a socialist state which existed from 1924 to 1992, located in the historical region of Outer Mongolia in East Asia. It w ...
.
* 1921 – Former
president of the United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909–1913) and the tenth chief justice of the United States (1921–1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected pr ...
is sworn in as 10th
chief justice of the
U.S. Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
, becoming the only person ever to hold both offices.
*
1922
Events
January
* January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes.
* January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...
– The
Hollywood Bowl opens.
*
1924
Events
January
* January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after.
* January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China holds ...
–
Eric Liddell
Eric Henry Liddell (; 16 January 1902 – 21 February 1945) was a Scottish sprinter, rugby player and Christian missionary. Born in Qing China to Scottish missionary parents, he attended boarding school near London, spending time when p ...
won the gold medal in 400m at the 1924 Paris Olympics, after refusing to run in the heats for 100m, his favoured distance, on a Sunday.
*
1934
Events
January–February
* January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established.
* January 15 – The 8.0 Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes Nepal and Bihar with a maxi ...
–
Engelbert Zaschka
Engelbert Zaschka (September 1, 1895 in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany – June 26, 1955 in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany) was a German chief engineer, chief designer and inventor. Zaschka is one of the first German helicopter pioneers and he is a ...
of Germany flies his large
human-powered aircraft
A human-powered aircraft (HPA) is an aircraft belonging to the class of vehicles known as human-powered transport.
Human-powered aircraft have been successfully flown over considerable distances. However, they are still primarily constructed a ...
, the ''Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft'', about 20 meters at
Berlin Tempelhof Airport without
assisted take-off
In aviation, assisted takeoff is any system for helping aircraft to get into the air (as opposed to strictly under its own power). The reason it might be needed is due to the aircraft's weight exceeding the normal maximum takeoff weight, insuf ...
.
*
1936
Events
January–February
* January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...
– The
Triborough Bridge
The Robert F. Kennedy Bridge (RFK Bridge; formerly known and still commonly referred to as the Triborough Bridge) is a complex of bridges and elevated expressway viaducts in New York City. The bridges link the boroughs of Manhattan, Queens, a ...
in New York City is opened to traffic.
*
1940
A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* Januar ...
–
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
:
Vichy France
Vichy France (french: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was the fascist French state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Officially independent, but with half of its te ...
regime is formally established.
Philippe Pétain
Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), commonly known as Philippe Pétain (, ) or Marshal Pétain (french: Maréchal Pétain), was a French general who attained the position of Marshal of France at the end of Worl ...
becomes Chief of the French State.
*
1941 – The
Northern Rhodesian Labour Party holds its first congress in
Nkana
Nkana is a section of the city of Kitwe, Copperbelt Province, Zambia which started off in the early part of the 20th century as a railway station to support the growing complex of copper mining operations. It was named after Chief Nkana, the loc ...
.
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 ...
–
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
The massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia ( pl, rzeź wołyńska, lit=Volhynian slaughter; uk, Волинська трагедія, lit=Volyn tragedy, translit=Volynska trahediia), were carried out in German-occupied Poland by th ...
by the
Ukrainian Insurgent Army
The Ukrainian Insurgent Army ( uk, Українська повстанська армія, УПА, translit=Ukrayins'ka povstans'ka armiia, abbreviated UPA) was a Ukrainian nationalist paramilitary and later partisan formation. During World ...
within the
Reichskommissariat Ukraine
During World War II, (abbreviated as RKU) was the civilian occupation regime () of much of Nazi German-occupied Ukraine (which included adjacent areas of modern-day Belarus and pre-war Second Polish Republic). It was governed by the Reich Min ...
(
Volhynia
Volhynia (also spelled Volynia) ( ; uk, Воли́нь, Volyn' pl, Wołyń, russian: Волы́нь, Volýnʹ, ), is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between south-eastern Poland, south-western Belarus, and western Ukraine. The ...
) peak.
* 1943 – World War II:
Allied invasion of Sicily
The Allied invasion of Sicily, also known as Operation Husky, was a major campaign of World War II in which the Allied forces invaded the island of Sicily in July 1943 and took it from the Axis powers ( Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany). It b ...
:
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
and Italian troops launch a
counter-attack
A counterattack is a tactic employed in response to an attack, with the term originating in "war games". The general objective is to negate or thwart the advantage gained by the enemy during attack, while the specific objectives typically seek ...
on
Allied forces in
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
.
*
1947 – The ''
Exodus 1947'' heads to Palestine from France.
*
1950
Events January
* January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed.
* January 5 – Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 ...
–
Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's second-lar ...
joins the
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster glo ...
and the International Bank.
*
1957
1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
– Prince Karim Husseini
Aga Khan IV
Shāh Karim al-Husayni (born 13 December 1936), known by the religious title Mawlānā Hazar Imam by his Ismaili followers and elsewhere as Aga Khan IV, is the 49th and current Imam of Nizari Ismailis, a denomination within Shia Islam. He ha ...
inherits the office of Imamat as the 49th Imam of Shia Imami
Ismai'li worldwide, after the death of Sir Sultan Mahommed Shah
Aga Khan III
Sultan Muhammad Shah (2 November 187711 July 1957), commonly known by his religious title Aga Khan III, was the 48th Imam of the Nizariyya. He played an important role in British Indian politics.
Born to Aga Khan II in Karachi, Aga Khan II ...
.
*
1960
It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism.
Events
January
* Jan ...
– France legislates for the independence of
Dahomey (later
Benin
Benin ( , ; french: Bénin , ff, Benen), officially the Republic of Benin (french: République du Bénin), and formerly Dahomey, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the nort ...
),
Upper Volta (later
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso (, ; , ff, 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮, italic=no) is a landlocked country in West Africa with an area of , bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to ...
) and
Niger
)
, official_languages =
, languages_type = National languages[Congo Crisis
The Congo Crisis (french: Crise congolaise, link=no) was a period of political upheaval and conflict between 1960 and 1965 in the Republic of the Congo (today the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The crisis began almost immediately after ...](_blank)
: The
State of Katanga breaks away from the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
.
* 1960 – ''
To Kill a Mockingbird
''To Kill a Mockingbird'' is a novel by the American author Harper Lee. It was published in 1960 and was instantly successful. In the United States, it is widely read in high schools and middle schools. ''To Kill a Mockingbird'' has become ...
'' by
Harper Lee is first published, in the United States.
*
1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wor ...
– First transatlantic
satellite television
Satellite television is a service that delivers television programming to viewers by relaying it from a communications satellite orbiting the Earth directly to the viewer's location. The signals are received via an outdoor parabolic antenna comm ...
transmission.
* 1962 –
Project Apollo: At a press conference,
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil List of government space agencies, space program ...
announces
lunar orbit rendezvous
Lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR) is a process for landing humans on the Moon and returning them to Earth. It was utilized for the Apollo program missions in the 1960s and 1970s. In a LOR mission, a main spacecraft and a smaller lunar lander travel to ...
as the means to land
astronauts on the Moon, and return them to Earth.
*
1971 –
Copper
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from la, cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkis ...
mines in
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
are nationalized.
*
1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
– The first game of the
World Chess Championship 1972
The World Chess Championship 1972 was a match for the World Chess Championship between challenger Bobby Fischer of the United States and defending champion Boris Spassky of the Soviet Union. The match took place in the Laugardalshöll arena ...
between challenger
Bobby Fischer
Robert James Fischer (March 9, 1943January 17, 2008) was an American chess grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion. A chess prodigy, he won his first of a record eight US Championships at the age of 14. In 1964, he won with an 1 ...
and defending champion
Boris Spassky starts.
*
1973
Events January
* January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union.
* January 15 – Vietnam War: ...
–
Varig Flight 820
Varig Flight 820 was a flight of the Brazilian airline Varig that departed from Galeão International Airport in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on July 11, 1973, for Orly Airport, in Paris, France. The plane, a Boeing 707, registration PP-VJZ, made an ...
crashes near Paris, France on approach to
Orly Airport
Paris Orly Airport (french: Aéroport de Paris-Orly), commonly referred to as Orly , is one of two international airports serving the French capital, Paris, the other one being Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG). It is located partially in Orly ...
, killing 123 of the 134 on board. In response, the
FAA
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest transportation agency of the U.S. government and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well as over surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic m ...
bans smoking in airplane lavatories.
*
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
–
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist, one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968 ...
,
assassinated in 1968, is awarded the
Presidential Medal of Freedom
The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the highest civilian award of the United States, along with the Congressional Gold Medal. It is an award bestowed by the president of the United States to recognize people who have made "an especially merit ...
.
*
1978 –
Los Alfaques disaster
The Los Alfaques disaster was a tanker explosion that occurred near a holiday campsite on Tuesday July 11, 1978 in Alcanar, Spain. The exploding truck, which was carrying 23-tons of a highly flammable Liquefied petroleum gas called propylene, ...
: A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in
Tarragona
Tarragona (, ; Phoenician: ''Tarqon''; la, Tarraco) is a port city located in northeast Spain on the Costa Daurada by the Mediterranean Sea. Founded before the fifth century BC, it is the capital of the Province of Tarragona, and part of Tarr ...
, Spain killing 216 tourists.
*
1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the '' International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the '' Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the so ...
– America's first space station, ''
Skylab
Skylab was the first United States space station, launched by NASA, occupied for about 24 weeks between May 1973 and February 1974. It was operated by three separate three-astronaut crews: Skylab 2, Skylab 3, and Skylab 4. Major operations ...
'', is destroyed as it re-enters the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.
*
1982 – The
Italy National Football Team
The Italy national football team ( it, Nazionale di calcio dell'Italia) has represented Italy in international football since its first match in 1910. The national team is controlled by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC), the governing bo ...
defeats
West Germany
West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 O ...
at
Santiago Bernabéu Stadium
The Santiago Bernabéu Stadium ( es, Estadio Santiago Bernabéu, ) is a football stadium in Madrid, Spain. With a current seating capacity of 81,044, it has been the home stadium of Real Madrid since its completion in 1947. It is the second-larg ...
to capture the
1982 FIFA World Cup.
*
1983
The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.
Events January
* January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
– A
TAME
Tame may refer to:
*Taming, the act of training wild animals
*River Tame, Greater Manchester
*River Tame, West Midlands and the Tame Valley
* Tame, Arauca, a Colombian town and municipality
* "Tame" (song), a song by the Pixies from their 1989 al ...
airline
Boeing 737–200 crashes near
Cuenca, Ecuador
Santa Ana de los Cuatro Ríos de Cuenca, commonly referred to as Cuenca ( Kichwa: ''Tumipampa'') is the capital and largest city of the Azuay Province of Ecuador. Cuenca is located in the highlands of Ecuador at about above sea level, with an ur ...
, killing all 119 passengers and crew on board.
*
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
–
Oka Crisis
The Oka Crisis (french: links=no, Crise d'Oka), also known as the Kanehsatà:ke Resistance (), was a land dispute between a group of Mohawk people and the town of Oka, Quebec, Canada, which began on July 11, 1990, and lasted 78 days until Septe ...
:
First Nations
First Nations or first peoples may refer to:
* Indigenous peoples, for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area.
Indigenous groups
*First Nations is commonly used to describe some Indigenous groups including:
**First Natio ...
land dispute in
Quebec
Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...
, Canada begins.
*
1991
File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...
–
Nigeria Airways Flight 2120
Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 was a chartered passenger flight from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to Sokoto, Nigeria, on 11 July 1991, which caught fire shortly after takeoff from King Abdulaziz International Airport and crashed while attempting to retu ...
crashes in
Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the A ...
killing all 261 passengers and crew on board.
*
1995
File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake str ...
–
Yugoslav Wars
The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but related Naimark (2003), p. xvii. ethnic conflicts, wars of independence, and insurgencies that took place in the SFR Yugoslavia from 1991 to 2001. The conflicts both led up to and resulted from ...
:
Srebrenica massacre
The Srebrenica massacre ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Masakr u Srebrenici, Масакр у Сребреници), also known as the Srebrenica genocide ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Genocid u Srebrenici, Геноцид у Сребрен ...
begins; lasts until 22 July.
*
2006 –
Mumbai train bombings
The 2006 Mumbai train bombings were a series of seven bomb blasts on 11 July. They took place over a period of 11 minutes on the Suburban Railway in Mumbai, the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the nation's financial capit ...
: Two hundred nine people are killed in a series of bomb attacks in
Mumbai
Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' fin ...
, India.
*
2010 – The
Islamist militia group
Al-Shabaab carried out
multiple suicide bombings in
Kampala
Kampala (, ) is the capital and largest city of Uganda. The city proper has a population of 1,680,000 and is divided into the five political divisions of Kampala Central Division, Kawempe Division, Makindye Division, Nakawa Division, and Ruba ...
, Uganda, killing 74 people and injuring 85 others.
* 2010 –
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
defeat the
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
to win the
2010 FIFA World Cup
, image = 2010 FIFA World Cup.svg
, size = 200px
, caption = ''Ke Nako. (Tswana and Sotho for "It's time") Celebrate Africa's Humanity'It's time. Celebrate Africa's Humanity'' (English)''Dis tyd. Vier Afrika se mensd ...
in Johannesburg.
*
2011 – Ninety-eight containers of explosives
self-detonate killing 13 people in
Zygi, Cyprus.
*
2015 –
Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán
Joaquín Archivaldo Guzmán Loera (; born 4 April 1957), commonly known as "El Chapo" (), is a Mexican former drug lord and a former leader within the Sinaloa Cartel, an international crime syndicate. He is considered to have been one of th ...
escapes from the maximum security
Altiplano prison in Mexico, his second escape.
*
2021
File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October 2021 coup in Sudan; Crowd shortly after t ...
–
Richard Branson becomes the first civilian to be launched into space via his
Virgin Galactic
Virgin Galactic is an American spaceflight company founded by Richard Branson and his British Virgin Group retains an 11.9% stake through Virgin Investments Limited. It is headquartered in California, and operates from New Mexico. The compan ...
spacecraft.
*2021 –
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
defeats
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
in the
UEFA Euro 2020 Final
The UEFA Euro 2020 Final was a football match between England and Italy that took place at Wembley Stadium in London, England, on 11 July 2021 to determine the winner of UEFA Euro 2020. It was the 16th final of the UEFA European Championship, ...
to win their second
European title.
Births
Pre-1600
*
154
Year 154 ( CLIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Lateranus (or, less frequently, year 907 '' Ab urbe con ...
–
Bardaisan
Bardaisan (11 July 154 – 222 AD; syr, ܒܪ ܕܝܨܢ, ''Bardaiṣān''), known in Arabic as Ibn Daisan (ابن ديصان) and in Latin as Bardesanes, was a Syriac-speaking Assyrian or ParthianProds Oktor Skjaervo. ''Bardesanes''. Encyclopædia ...
, Syrian astrologer, scholar, and philosopher (d. 222)
*
1274
Year 1274 ( MCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* May 7 – Second Council of Lyon: Pope Gregory X convenes a council at Lyon, after ...
–
Robert the Bruce
Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Scottish Gaelic: ''Raibeart an Bruis''), was King of Scots from 1306 to his death in 1329. One of the most renowned warriors of his generation, Robert eventual ...
, Scottish king (d. 1329)
*
1406 –
William, Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg
Margrave William of Hachberg-Sausenberg (11 July 1406 – 15 August 1482) was the son of Margrave Rudolf III of Hachberg-Sausenberg and Anne of Freiburg-Neuchâtel. He ruled from 1428 to 1441, and abdicated on 21 June 1441 in favor of his infant ...
(d. 1482)
*
1459
Year 1459 ( MCDLIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 18 – The Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem is founded by Pope Pius II, to de ...
–
Kaspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
Kaspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and Veldenz (11 July 1459 – c. Summer 1527) was Duke of Zweibrücken from 1489 to 1490.
Life
He was the son of Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and Johanna of Croÿ. In 1478 in Zweibrücken h ...
, German nobleman (d. 1527)
*
1558
__NOTOC__
Year 1558 ( MDLVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 7 – French troops, led by Francis, Duke of Guise, take Calais, ...
–
Robert Greene, English author and playwright (d. 1592)
*
1561
Year 1561 ( MDLXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 31 – The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots in ...
–
Luis de Góngora
Luis de Góngora y Argote (born Luis de Argote y Góngora; ; 11 July 1561 – 24 May 1627) was a Spanish Baroque lyric poet and a Catholic priest. Góngora and his lifelong rival, Francisco de Quevedo, are widely considered the most prominent ...
, Spanish cleric and poet (d. 1627)
1601–1900
*
1603
Events
January–June
* February 25 – Dutch–Portuguese War: the Portuguese ship '' Santa Catarina'' is seized by Dutch East India Company ships off Singapore. The first permanent Dutch trading post in Indonesia is established ...
–
Kenelm Digby
Sir Kenelm Digby (11 July 1603 – 11 June 1665) was an English courtier and diplomat. He was also a highly reputed natural philosopher, astrologer and known as a leading Roman Catholic intellectual and Blackloist. For his versatility, he is d ...
, English astrologer, courtier, and diplomat (d. 1665)
*
1628
Events
January–March
* January 19 – (26 Jumada al-Awwal 1037 A.H.) The reign of Salef-ud-din Muhammad Shahryar as the Mughal Emperor, Shahryar Mirza, comes to an end a little more than two months after the November 7 dea ...
–
Tokugawa Mitsukuni
, also known as , was a Japanese daimyo who was known for his influence in the politics of the early Edo period. He was the third son of Tokugawa Yorifusa (who in turn was the eleventh son of Tokugawa Ieyasu) and succeeded him, becoming the sec ...
, Japanese daimyō (d. 1701)
*
1653
Events
January–March
* January 3 – By the Coonan Cross Oath, the Eastern Church in India cuts itself off from colonial Portuguese tutelage.
* January– The Swiss Peasant War begins after magistrates meeting at Lucer ...
–
Sarah Good
Sarah Good (, 1653 – , 1692)Contemporary records commonly used the Julian calendar and the Annunciation Style of enumerating months and years. By the Gregorian calendar and using modern style dating, all of the witch trial events in this artic ...
, American woman accused of
witchcraft
Witchcraft traditionally means the use of magic or supernatural powers to harm others. A practitioner is a witch. In medieval and early modern Europe, where the term originated, accused witches were usually women who were believed to have ...
(d. 1692)
*
1657
Events
January–March
* January 8 – Miles Sindercombe and his group of disaffected Levellers are betrayed, in their attempt to assassinate Oliver Cromwell, by blowing up the Palace of Whitehall in London, and arrested.
* Febr ...
–
Frederick I of Prussia
Frederick I (german: Friedrich I.; 11 July 1657 – 25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union (Brandenburg-Prussia). The latter function h ...
(d. 1713)
*
1662
Events
January–March
* January 4 – Dziaddin Mukarram Shah becomes the new Sultan of Kedah, an independent kingdom on the Malay Peninsula, upon the death of his father, Sultan Muhyiddin Mansur.
* January 10 – At the ...
–
Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
Maximilian, Maximillian or Maximiliaan (Maximilien in French) is a male given name.
The name " Max" is considered a shortening of "Maximilian" as well as of several other names.
List of people
Monarchs
*Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459 ...
(d. 1726)
*
1709
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Friday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Battle of St. John's: The French capture St. John' ...
–
Johan Gottschalk Wallerius
Johan Gottschalk Wallerius (11 July 1709 – 16 November 1785) was a Swedish chemist and mineralogist. Biography
Wallerius was born at Stora Mellösa in Närke (now Örebro County), Sweden. He was a son of provost Erik Nilsson Wallerius and hi ...
, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1785)
*
1723
Events
January–March
* January 25 – British pirate Edward Low intercepts the Portuguese ship ''Nostra Signiora de Victoria''. After the Portuguese captain throws his treasure of 11,000 gold coins into the sea rather than s ...
–
Jean-François Marmontel, French historian and author (d. 1799)
*
1754 –
Thomas Bowdler
Thomas Bowdler, LRCP, FRS (; 11 July 1754 – 24 February 1825) was an English physician known for publishing '' The Family Shakespeare'', an expurgated edition of William Shakespeare's plays edited by his sister Henrietta Maria Bowdler. The ...
, English physician and philanthropist (d. 1825)
*
1760
Events
January–March
* January 9 – Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas.
* January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over the Fr ...
–
Peggy Shippen
Margaret "Peggy" Shippen (July 11, 1760 – August 24, 1804) was the highest-paid spy in the American Revolution, and was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold.
Shippen was born into a prominent Philadelphia family with Loyalist tendencies. ...
, American wife of
Benedict Arnold and
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...
spy
Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information (intelligence) from non-disclosed sources or divulging of the same without the permission of the holder of the information for a tangib ...
(d. 1804)
*
1767
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The first annual volume of ''The Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris'', produced by British Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, gives navigators the ...
–
John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams (; July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, and diarist who served as the sixth president of the United States, from 1825 to 1829. He previously served as the eighth United States ...
, American lawyer and politician, 6th
President of the United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
(d. 1848)
*
1826
Events January–March
* January 15 – The French newspaper '' Le Figaro'' begins publication in Paris, initially as a weekly.
* January 30 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford, is opened between the island ...
–
Alexander Afanasyev
Alexander Nikolayevich Afanasyev (Afanasief, Afanasiev or Afanas'ev, russian: link=no, Александр Николаевич Афанасьев) ( — ) was a Russian Slavist and ethnographer who published nearly 600 Russian fairy and folk ta ...
, Russian ethnographer and author (d. 1871)
*
1832
Events
January–March
* January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society.
* January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white plant ...
–
Charilaos Trikoupis
Charilaos Trikoupis ( el, Χαρίλαος Τρικούπης; 11 July 1832 – 30 March 1896) was a Greek politician who served as a Prime Minister of Greece seven times from 1875 until 1895.
He is best remembered for introducing the vote of c ...
, Greek lawyer and politician, 55th
Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1896)
*
1834
Events
January–March
* January – The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina.
* January 1 – Zollverein (Germany): Customs charges are abolished at borders within its member states.
* January 3 ...
–
James Abbott McNeill Whistler
James Abbott McNeill Whistler (; July 10, 1834July 17, 1903) was an American painter active during the American Gilded Age and based primarily in the United Kingdom. He eschewed sentimentality and moral allusion in painting and was a leading pr ...
, American-English painter and illustrator (d. 1903)
*
1836
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
* January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas.
* January 12
** , with Charles Darwin on board, re ...
–
Antônio Carlos Gomes
Antônio Carlos Gomes (; July 11, 1836 in Campinas – September 16, 1896 in Belém) was the first New World composer whose work was accepted by Europe. He was the only non-European who was successful as an opera composer in Italy, during the "go ...
, Brazilian composer (d. 1896)
*
1846
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom.
* January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway's bridge, over the Venetian Lagoon between ...
–
Léon Bloy
Léon Bloy (; 11 July 1846 – 3 November 1917) was a French Catholic novelist, essayist, pamphleteer (or lampoonist), and satirist, known additionally for his eventual (and passionate) defense of Catholicism and for his influence within French C ...
, French author and poet (d. 1917)
*
1849
Events
January–March
* January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps.
* January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, enters in th ...
–
N. E. Brown
Nicholas Edward Brown (11 July 1849 in Redhill, Surrey – 25 November 1934 in Kew Gardens, London) was an English plant taxonomist and authority on succulents. He was also an authority on several families of plants, including Asclepiadacea ...
, English plant taxonomist and authority on succulents (d. 1934)
*
1850
Events
January–June
* April
** Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome.
** Stephen Foster's parlor ballad "Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States.
* April 4 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a city ...
–
Annie Armstrong
Annie Walker Armstrong (July 11, 1850 – December 20, 1938) was a lay Southern Baptist denominational leader instrumental in the founding of the Woman's Missionary Union.
Early life
Annie Armstrong was born in Baltimore, Maryland to tobacconi ...
, American missionary (d. 1938)
*
1866
Events January–March
* January 1
** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee.
** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine '' The Liberator'' is published.
* January 6 – Ottoman t ...
–
Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine
Princess Irene Luise Marie Anne of Hesse and by Rhine (11 July 1866 – 11 November 1953) was the third child and third daughter of Princess Alice of the United Kingdom and Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. Her maternal grandparents wer ...
(d. 1953)
*
1875
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the ...
–
H. M. Brock, British painter and illustrator (d. 1960)
*
1880
Events
January–March
* January 22 – Toowong State School is founded in Queensland, Australia.
* January – The international White slave trade affair scandal in Brussels is exposed and attracts international infamy.
* February ...
–
Friedrich Lahrs
Johann Ludwig Friedrich Lahrs (11 July 1880 – 13 March 1964) was a German architect and professor.
Life
Lahrs was born in Königsberg, East Prussia. After attending the Löbenicht Realgymnasium, Lahrs studied at the Technical University ...
, German architect and academic (d. 1964)
*
1881
Events
January–March
* January 1– 24 – Siege of Geok Tepe: Russian troops under General Mikhail Skobelev defeat the Turkomans.
* January 13 – War of the Pacific – Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos: The ...
–
Isabel Martin Lewis, American astronomer and author (d. 1966)
*
1882
Events
January–March
* January 2
** The Standard Oil Trust is secretly created in the United States to control multiple corporations set up by John D. Rockefeller and his associates.
** Irish-born author Oscar Wilde arrives in t ...
–
James Larkin White
James Larkin White (July 11, 1882– April 26, 1946) was a cowboy, guano miner, Caving, cave explorer, and park ranger for the National Park Service. He is best remembered as the discoverer, early promoter and explorer of what is known today a ...
, American miner, explorer, and park ranger (d. 1946)
*
1886
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885.
* January 5– 9 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novella ''Strange ...
– Boris Grigoriev, Russian painter and illustrator (d. 1939)
*1888 – Carl Schmitt, German philosopher and jurist (d. 1985)
*1892 – Thomas Mitchell (actor), Thomas Mitchell, American actor, singer, and screenwriter (d. 1962)
*1894 – Erna Mohr, German zoologist (d. 1968)
*1895 – Dorothy Wilde, English author and poet (d. 1941)
*
1897
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City.
* January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a puni ...
– Bull Connor, American police officer (d. 1973)
*
1899
Events January 1899
* January 1
** Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.
** Queens and Staten Island become administratively part of New York City.
* January 2 –
**Bolivia sets up a c ...
– Wilfrid Israel, German businessman and philanthropist (d. 1943)
* 1899 – E. B. White, American essayist and journalist (d. 1985)
1901–present
*1901 – Gwendolyn Lizarraga, Belizean businesswoman, activist, and politician (d. 1975)
*1903 – Rudolf Abel, English-Russian colonel (d. 1971)
* 1903 – Sidney Franklin (bullfighter), Sidney Franklin, American bullfighter (d. 1976)
*1904 – Niño Ricardo, Spanish guitarist and composer (d. 1972)
*1905 – Betty Allan, Australian statistician and biometrician (d. 1952)
*
1906
Events
January–February
* January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, ...
– Harry von Zell, American actor and announcer (d. 1981)
* 1906 – Herbert Wehner, German politician, Minister of Intra-German Relations (d. 1990)
*1909 – Irene Hervey, American actress (d. 1998)
* 1909 – Jacques Clemens, Dutch catholic priest (d. 2018)
*1910 – Sally Blane, American actress (d. 1997)
*1911 – Erna Flegel, German nurse who was still present in the ''Führerbunker'' when it was captured by Soviet troops (d. 2006)
*1912 – Sergiu Celibidache, Romanian conductor and composer (d. 1996)
* 1912 – Peta Taylor, English cricketer (d. 1989)
* 1912 – William F. Walsh, American captain and politician, 48th List of mayors of Syracuse, New York, Mayor of Syracuse (d. 2011)
*1913 – Paul Gibb, English cricketer (d. 1977)
* 1913 – Cordwainer Smith, American sinologist, author, and academic (d. 1966)
*1916 – Mortimer Caplin, American tax attorney, educator, and IRS Commissioner (d. 2019)
* 1916 – Hans Maier, Dutch water polo player (d. 2018)
* 1916 – Alexander Prokhorov, Australian-Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
* 1916 – Reg Varney, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2008)
* 1916 – Gough Whitlam, Australian lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 21st Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2014)
*1918 – Venetia Burney, English educator, who named
Pluto
Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Sun. It is the largest ...
(d. 2009)
*
1920 – Yul Brynner, Russian actor and dancer (d. 1985)
* 1920 – Zecharia Sitchin, Russian-American author (d. 2010)
*
1922
Events
January
* January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes.
* January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...
– Gene Evans, American actor (d. 1998)
* 1922 – Fritz Riess, German-Swiss racing driver (d. 1991)
*1923 – Richard Pipes, Polish-American historian and academic (d. 2018)
* 1923 – Tun Tun, Indian actress and comedian (d. 2003)
*
1924
Events
January
* January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after.
* January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China holds ...
– César Lattes, Brazilian physicist and academic (d. 2005)
* 1924 – Brett Somers, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 2007)
* 1924 – Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer and manager (d. 1971)
* 1924 – Oscar Wyatt, American businessman
*1925 – Charles Chaynes, French composer (d. 2016)
* 1925 – Nicolai Gedda, Swedish operatic tenor (d. 2017)
* 1925 – Peter Kyros, American lawyer and politician (d. 2012)
* 1925 – Sid Smith (ice hockey), Sid Smith, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2004)
*1926 – Frederick Buechner, American minister, theologian, and author (d. 2022)
*1927 – Theodore Maiman, American-Canadian physicist and engineer (d. 2007)
* 1927 – Chris Leonard, English footballer (d. 1987)
*1928 – Greville Janner, Baron Janner of Braunstone, Welsh-English lawyer and politician (d. 2015)
* 1928 – Bobo Olson, American boxer (d. 2002)
* 1928 – Andrea Veneracion, Filipina choirmaster (d. 2014)
*1929 – Danny Flores, American singer-songwriter and saxophonist (d. 2006)
* 1929 – David Kelly (actor), David Kelly, Irish actor (d. 2012)
*1930 – Jack Alabaster, New Zealand cricketer
* 1930 – Harold Bloom, American literary critic (d. 2019)
* 1930 – Trevor Storer, English businessman, founded Pukka Pies (d. 2013)
* 1930 – Ezra Vogel, American sociologist (d. 2020)
*1931 – Dick Gray, American baseball player (d. 2013)
* 1931 – Thurston Harris, American doo-wop singer (d. 1990)
* 1931 – Tab Hunter, American actor and singer (d. 2018)
* 1931 – Tullio Regge, Italian physicist and academic (d. 2014)
*1932 – Alex Hassilev, French-born American folk singer and musician
* 1932 – Jean-Guy Talbot, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
*1933 – Jim Carlen, American football player and coach (d. 2012)
* 1933 – Frank Kelso, American admiral and politician, United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 2013)
*
1934
Events
January–February
* January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established.
* January 15 – The 8.0 Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes Nepal and Bihar with a maxi ...
– Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer, founded the Armani, Armani Company
*1935 – Frederick Hemke, American saxophonist and educator (d. 2019)
* 1935 – Oliver Napier, Northern Irish lawyer and politician (d. 2011)
*1937 – Pai Hsien-yung, Chinese-Taiwanese author
*
1941 – Bill Boggs, American journalist and producer
* 1941 – Henry Lowther (musician), Henry Lowther, English trumpet player
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 ...
– Richard Carleton, Australian journalist (d. 2006)
* 1943 – Howard Gardner, American psychologist and academic
* 1943 – Tom Holland (filmmaker), Tom Holland, American actor, director, and screenwriter
* 1943 – Peter Jensen (bishop), Peter Jensen, Australian metropolitan
* 1943 – Robert Malval, Haitian businessman and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Haiti
* 1943 – Rolf Stommelen, German racing driver (d. 1983)
*1944 – Lou Hudson, American basketball player and coach (d. 2014)
* 1944 – Michael Levy, Baron Levy, English philanthropist
* 1944 – Patricia Polacco, American author and illustrator
*1946 – Martin Wong, American painter (d. 1999)
*
1947 – Jeff Hanna, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and drummer
* 1947 – Norman Lebrecht, English author and critic
* 1947 – Bo Lundgren, Swedish politician
*
1950
Events January
* January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed.
* January 5 – Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 ...
– Pervez Hoodbhoy, Pakistani physicist and academic
* 1950 – J. R. Morgan, Welsh author and academic
* 1950 – Bonnie Pointer, American singer (d. 2020)
*1951 – Ed Ott, American baseball player and coach
*1952 – Bill Barber, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
* 1952 – Stephen Lang, American actor and playwright
*1953 – Piyasvasti Amranand, Thai businessman and politician, Ministry of Energy (Thailand), Thai Minister of Energy
* 1953 – Angélica Aragón, Mexican film, television, and stage actress and singer
* 1953 – Peter Brown (singer), Peter Brown, American singer-songwriter and producer
* 1953 – Suresh Prabhu, Indian accountant and politician, Ministry of Railways (India), Indian Minister of Railways
* 1953 – Patricia Reyes Spíndola, Mexican actress, director, and producer
* 1953 – Leon Spinks, American boxer (d. 2021)
* 1953 – Mindy Sterling, American actress
* 1953 – Ivan Toms, South African physician and activist (d. 2008)
* 1953 – Bramwell Tovey, English-Canadian conductor and composer
* 1953 – Paul Weiland, English director, producer, and screenwriter
*1954 – Julia King, English engineer and academic
*1955 – Balaji Sadasivan, Singaporean neurosurgeon and politician, Ministry of Health (Singapore), Singaporean Minister of Health (d. 2010)
*1956 – Amitav Ghosh, Indian-American author and academic
* 1956 – Robin Renucci, French actor and director
* 1956 – Sela Ward, American actress
*
1957
1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...
– Johann Lamont, Scottish educator and politician
* 1957 – Peter Murphy (musician), Peter Murphy, English singer-songwriter
* 1957 – Patsy O'Hara, Irish Republican hunger striker (d. 1981)
* 1957 – Michael Rose (singer), Michael Rose, Jamaican singer-songwriter
*1958 – Stephanie Dabney, American ballerina (d. 2022)
* 1958 – Mark Lester, English actor
* 1958 – Hugo Sánchez, Mexican footballer, coach, and manager
*1959 – Richie Sambora, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
* 1959 – Suzanne Vega, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
*
1960
It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism.
Events
January
* Jan ...
– David Baerwald, American singer-songwriter, composer, and musician
* 1960 – Caroline Quentin, English actress
*1961 – Antony Jenkins, English banker and businessman
*
1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wor ...
– Gaétan Duchesne, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)
* 1962 – Pauline McLynn, Irish actress and author
* 1962 – Fumiya Fujii, Japanese music artist
*1963 – Al MacInnis, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
* 1963 – Dean Richards (rugby union), Dean Richards, English rugby player and coach
* 1963 – Lisa Rinna, American actress and talk show host
* 1964 – Craig Charles, English actor and TV presenter
*1965 – Tony Cottee, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster
* 1965 – Ernesto Hoost, Dutch kick-boxer and sportscaster
* 1965 – Scott Shriner, American singer-songwriter and bass player
*1966 – Nadeem Aslam, Pakistani-English author
* 1966 – Kentaro Miura, Japanese author and illustrator (d. 2021)
* 1966 – Rod Strickland, American basketball player and coach
* 1966 – Ricky Warwick, Northern Irish musician
*1967 – Andy Ashby, American baseball player and sportscaster
* 1967 – Jhumpa Lahiri, Indian American novelist and short story writer
*1968 – Michael Geist, Canadian journalist and academic
* 1968 – Daniel MacMaster, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 2008)
* 1968 – Esera Tuaolo, American football player
*1969 – Ned Boulting, British sports journalist and television presenter
*1970 – Justin Chambers, American actor
* 1970 – Sajjad Karim, English lawyer and politician
* 1970 – Eric Owens (bass-baritone), Eric Owens, American opera singer
*
1971 – Leisha Hailey, Japanese-American singer-songwriter and actress
*
1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ...
– Cormac Battle, English-Irish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
*
1973
Events January
* January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union.
* January 15 – Vietnam War: ...
– Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek runner
*1974 – Alanas Chošnau, Lithuanian singer-songwriter
* 1974 – Hermann Hreiðarsson, Icelandic footballer and manager
* 1974 – André Ooijer, Dutch footballer and coach
*1975 – Willie Anderson (American football), Willie Anderson, American football player
* 1975 – Rubén Baraja, Spanish footballer and manager
* 1975 – Lil' Kim, American rapper and producer
*1976 – Eduardo Nájera, Mexican-American basketball player and coach
*
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrat ...
– Brandon Short, American football player and sportscaster
*
1978 – Kathleen Edwards, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1978 – Massimiliano Rosolino, Italian swimmer
*
1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the '' International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the '' Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the so ...
– Raio Piiroja, Estonian footballer
*1980 – Tyson Kidd, Canadian wrestler
* 1980 – Kevin Powers, American soldier and author
*1981 – Andre Johnson, American football player
* 1981 – Susana Barreiros, Venezuelan judge
*
1982 – Chris Cooley (American football), Chris Cooley, American football player
*
1983
The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.
Events January
* January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
– Engin Baytar, German-Turkish footballer
* 1983 – Peter Cincotti, American singer-songwriter and pianist
* 1983 – Marie Serneholt, Swedish singer and dancer
*1984 – Yorman Bazardo, Venezuelan baseball player
* 1984 – Tanith Belbin, Canadian-American ice dancer
* 1984 – Jacoby Jones, American football player
* 1984 – Joe Pavelski, American ice hockey player
* 1984 – Morné Steyn, South African rugby player
*1985 – Robert Adamson (actor), Robert Adamson, American actor, director, and producer
* 1985 – Orestis Karnezis, Greek footballer
*1986 – Raúl García (footballer, born 1986), Raúl García, Spanish footballer
* 1986 – Yoann Gourcuff, French footballer
* 1986 – Ryan Jarvis, English footballer
*1987 – Shigeaki Kato, Japanese singer
*1988 – Étienne Capoue, French footballer
* 1988 – Natalie La Rose, Dutch singer, songwriter and dancer
*1989 – Tobias Sana, Swedish footballer
* 1989 – Travis Waddell, Australian rugby league player
* 1989 – Shimanoumi Koyo, Japanese sumo wrestler
*
1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
– Mona Barthel, German tennis player
* 1990 – Connor Paolo, American actor
* 1990 – Adam Jezierski, Polish-Spanish actor and singer
* 1990 – Patrick Peterson, American football player
* 1990 – Caroline Wozniacki, Danish tennis player
*1993 – Rebecca Bross, American gymnast
* 1993 – Heini Salonen, Finnish tennis player
*1994 – Bartłomiej Kalinkowski, Polish footballer
* 1994 – Anthony Milford, Australian rugby league player
* 1994 – Nina Nesbitt, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1994 – Lucas Ocampos, Argentinian footballer
*
1995
File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake str ...
– Joey Bosa, American football player
* 1995 – Tyler Medeiros, Canadian singer-songwriter and dancer
*1996 – Alessia Cara, Canadian singer-songwriter
*2002 – Amad Diallo, Ivorian footballer
Deaths
Pre-1600
*
472
__NOTOC__
Year 472 ( CDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Festus and Marcianus (or, less frequently, year 1225 ''A ...
–
Anthemius
Procopius Anthemius (died 11 July 472) was western Roman emperor from 467 to 472.
Perhaps the last capable Western Roman Emperor, Anthemius attempted to solve the two primary military challenges facing the remains of the Western Roman Empire: ...
, Roman emperor (b. 420)
* 937 – Rudolph II of Burgundy (b. 880)
* 969 – Olga of Kiev (b. 890)
*
1174
Year 1174 ( MCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1174th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 174th year of the 2nd millennium, the ...
– Amalric I of Jerusalem (b. 1136)
*1183 – Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1117)
*
1302
Year 1302 ( MCCCII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* Spring – Co-Emperor Michael IX (Palaiologos) launches a campaign which ...
– Robert II, Count of Artois (b. 1250)
* 1302 – Pierre Flotte, French politician and lawyer
*1344 – Ulrich III, Count of Württemberg (b. c. 1286)
*1362 – Anna von Schweidnitz, empress of
Charles IV (b. 1339)
*1382 – Nicole Oresme, French philosopher (b. 1325)
*1451 – Barbara of Cilli, Slovenian noblewoman
*1484 – Mino da Fiesole, Italian sculptor (b. c. 1429)
*1535 – Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1484)
*1581 – Peder Skram, Danish admiral and politician (b. 1503)
*1593 – Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian painter (b. 1527)
*1599 – Chōsokabe Motochika, Japanese daimyō (b.1539)
1601–1900
*1688 – Narai, Thai king (b. 1629)
*1774 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Irish-English general (b. 1715)
*1775 – Simon Boerum, American farmer and politician (b. 1724)
*1797 – Ienăchiță Văcărescu, Romanian historian and philologist (b. 1740)
*1806 – James Smith (delegate), James Smith, Irish-American lawyer and politician (b. 1719)
*1825 – Thomas P. Grosvenor, American soldier and politician (b. 1744)
*1844 – Yevgeny Baratynsky, Russian philosopher and poet (b. 1800)
*
1897
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City.
* January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a puni ...
– Patrick Jennings, Irish-Australian politician, 11th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1831)
1901–present
*1905 – Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian jurist and scholar (b. 1849)
*1908 – Friedrich Traun, German sprinter and tennis player (b. 1876)
*1909 – Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician (b. 1835)
*1929 – Billy Mosforth, English footballer and engraver (b. 1857)
*1937 – George Gershwin, American pianist, songwriter, and composer (b. 1898)
*1959 – Charlie Parker (cricketer), Charlie Parker, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (b. 1882)
*1966 – Delmore Schwartz, American poet and short story writer (b. 1913)
*1967 – Guy Favreau, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician, 28th Minister of Justice (Canada), Canadian Minister of Justice (b. 1917)
*
1971 – John W. Campbell, American journalist and author (b. 1910)
* 1971 – Pedro Rodríguez (racing driver), Pedro Rodríguez, Mexican racing driver (b. 1940)
*1974 – Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish novelist, playwright, and poet Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
*1976 – León de Greiff, Colombian poet and educator (b. 1895)
*
1979
Events
January
* January 1
** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the '' International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the '' Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the so ...
– Claude Wagner, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1925)
*
1983
The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.
Events January
* January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
– Ross Macdonald, American-Canadian author (b. 1915)
*1987 – Avi Ran, Israeli footballer (b. 1963)
* 1987 – Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman, American rabbi and scholar (b. 1901)
*1989 – Laurence Olivier, English actor, director, and producer (b. 1907)
*
1991
File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...
– Mokhtar Dahari, Malaysian footballer and coach (b. 1953)
*1994 – Gary Kildall, American computer scientist, founded Digital Research (b. 1942)
*1998 – Panagiotis Kondylis, Greek philosopher and author (b. 1943)
*1999 – Helen Forrest, American singer (b. 1917)
* 1999 – Jan Sloot, Dutch computer scientist and electronics technician (b. 1945)
*2000 – Pedro Mir, Dominican lawyer, author, and poet (b. 1913)
* 2000 – Robert Runcie, English archbishop (b. 1921)
*2001 – Herman Brood, Dutch musician and painter (b. 1946)
*2003 – Zahra Kazemi, Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer (b. 1948)
*2004 – Laurance Rockefeller, American financier and philanthropist (b. 1910)
* 2004 – Renée Saint-Cyr, French actress and producer (b. 1904)
*2005 – Gretchen Franklin, English actress and dancer (b. 1911)
* 2005 – Jesús Iglesias, Argentinian racing driver (b. 1922)
* 2005 – Frances Langford, American actress and singer (b. 1913)
*
2006 – Barnard Hughes, American actor (b. 1915)
* 2006 – Bronwyn Oliver, Australian sculptor (b. 1959)
* 2006 – John Spencer (snooker player), John Spencer, English snooker player and sportscaster (b. 1935)
*2007 – Glenda Adams, Australian author and academic (b. 1939)
* 2007 – Lady Bird Johnson, American beautification activist; 43rd First Lady of the United States (b. 1912)
* 2007 – Alfonso López Michelsen, Colombian lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Colombia (b. 1913)
* 2007 – Ed Mirvish, American-Canadian businessman and philanthropist, founded Honest Ed's (b. 1914)
*2008 – Michael E. DeBakey, American surgeon and educator (b. 1908)
*2009 – Reg Fleming, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1936)
* 2009 – Arturo Gatti, Italian-Canadian boxer (b. 1972)
* 2009 – Ji Xianlin, Chinese linguist and paleographer (b. 1911)
*2013 – Emik Avakian, Iranian-American inventor (b. 1923)
* 2013 – Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician and academic (b. 1936)
* 2013 – Eugene P. Wilkinson, American admiral (b. 1918)
*2014 – Charlie Haden, American bassist and composer (b. 1937)
* 2014 – Carin Mannheimer, Swedish author and screenwriter (b. 1934)
* 2014 – Bill McGill, American basketball player (b. 1939)
* 2014 – Tommy Ramone, Hungarian-American drummer and producer (b. 1949)
* 2014 – John Seigenthaler, American journalist and academic (b. 1927)
* 2014 – Randall Stout, American architect, designed the Taubman Museum of Art (b. 1958)
*
2015 – Giacomo Biffi, Italian cardinal (b. 1928)
* 2015 – Satoru Iwata, Japanese game programmer and businessman (b. 1959)
* 2015 – André Leysen, Belgian businessman (b. 1927)
* 2017 – Jim Wong-Chu, Canadian poet (b.1949)
*2020 – Frank Bolling, American baseball second baseman (b. 1931)
*
2021
File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October 2021 coup in Sudan; Crowd shortly after t ...
– Charlie Robinson (actor), Charlie Robinson, American actor (b. 1945)
* 2021 – Renée Simonot, French actress (b. 1911)
Holidays and observances
*Christian Calendar of saints, Feast Day:
**Benedict of Nursia
**Olga of Kiev
**Pope Pius I
**July 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
*China National Maritime Day (China)
*Day of the bandoneon, Day of the Bandoneón (Argentina)
*Day of the Flemish Community (Flemish Community of Belgium)
*Eleventh Night (Northern Ireland)
*7-Eleven#North America, Free Slurpee Day (Participating stores of the 7-Eleven chain in North America)
*National Day of Remembrance of the victims of the Genocide of the Citizens of the Polish Republic committed by Ukrainian Nationalists (Poland, established by the 22 July 2016 resolution of Sejm in reference to the July 11, 1943 Volhynian Bloody Sunday)
*Gospel Day (Kiribati)
*Imamat Day (Isma'ilism)
*National Day of Commemoration, held on the nearest Sunday to this date (Ireland)
*The first day of Naadam (July 11–15) (
Mongolia
Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...
)
*World Population Day (International observance, International)
References
External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:July 11
Days of the year
July