1197 Establishments In Europe
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Year 1197 ( MCXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.


Events


By place


Europe

* Spring – Emperor Henry VI travels to Italy to persuade Pope Celestine III to crown his infant son Frederick II, who has been elected "King of the Romans" at Frankfurt. * King Richard I (the Lionheart) has Château Gaillard ( Normandy) built on the Seine River as he fights to restore Angevin power in northern France (approximate date). * Summer – Henry VI takes cruel measures to put down an insurrection in Sicily and southern Italy, which has been provoked by the oppression of his German officials. *
September 28 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. * 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...
– Henry VI dies of malaria at
Messina Messina (, also , ) is a harbour city and the capital of the Italian Metropolitan City of Messina. It is the third largest city on the island of Sicily, and the 13th largest city in Italy, with a population of more than 219,000 inhabitants in ...
(also possibly poisoned), while preparing an expedition against the Byzantine usurper Alexios III (Angelos). * Autumn – A German civil war begins upon the sudden death of Henry VI. Henry's brother,
Philip of Swabia Philip of Swabia (February/March 1177 – 21 June 1208) was a member of the House of Hohenstaufen and King of Germany from 1198 until his assassination. The death of his older brother Emperor Henry VI in 1197 meant that the Hohenstaufen rule (whi ...
, takes over the family lands and claims his inheritance. * Autumn – A dynastic feud breaks out between
Emeric, King of Hungary Emeric, also known as Henry or Imre ( hu, Imre, hr, Emerik, sk, Imrich; 117430 November 1204), was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1196 and 1204. In 1184, his father, Béla III of Hungary, ordered that he be crowned king, and appointed him ...
and his younger brother Duke Andrew. After a brief skirmish, Emeric is forced to cede Croatia and
Dalmatia Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of ...
to Andrew, who begins to administer the provinces as a '' de facto'' sovereign monarch. * Winter – Duke Ottokar I forces his brother, Vladislaus III, to abandon
Bohemia Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...
. Ottokar restores power and Vladislaus accepts the margravial title of Moravia. * Saracen pirates, from the
Balearic Islands The Balearic Islands ( es, Islas Baleares ; or ca, Illes Balears ) are an archipelago in the Balearic Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago is an autonomous community and a province of Spain; its capital is ...
, raid the city of Toulon in Provence, and the Benedictine monastery of Saint Honorat, on the
Lérins Islands The Lérins Islands (in french: les Îles de Lérins, ) are a group of four Mediterranean islands off the French Riviera, in Cannes. The two largest islands in this group are the Île Sainte-Marguerite and the Île Saint-Honorat. The smaller ...
. * Northern Crusades: Danish forces led by King Canute VI raid the area of present-day Estonia.


Wales

* April 28 – Rhys ap Gruffydd, a Welsh prince, dies and is succeeded by his eldest son Gruffydd ap Rhys II. With the help of Gwenwynwyn, his brother Maelgwn ap Rhys invades southern Wales. * Summer – Gruffydd ap Rhys II is captured and handed over to Gwenwynwyn, who transfers him to the English. Gruffydd is imprisoned at Corfe Castle and Maelgwn ap Rhys claims the throne.


Levant

* September 10 – Henry I (or Henry II), king of Jerusalem, dies from falling out a first-floor window at his palace in
Acre The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imp ...
. His widow,
Isabella I Isabella I ( es, Isabel I; 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504), also called Isabella the Catholic (Spanish: ''la Católica''), was Queen of Castile from 1474 until her death in 1504, as well as Queen consort of Aragon from 1479 until 1504 by ...
, becomes regent while the kingdom is thrown into consternation. *
September 22 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – The warlord Zhu Quanzhong kills Emperor Zhaozong, the penultimate emperor of the Tang dynasty, after seizing control of the imperial government. * 1236 – The Samogitians defeat the Livonian Brothers of th ...
– About 16,000 German crusaders reach Acre, starting the
crusade of 1197 The Crusade of 1197, also known as the Crusade of Henry VI (german: Kreuzzug Heinrichs VI.) or the German Crusade (''Deutscher Kreuzzug''), was a crusade launched by the Hohenstaufen emperor Henry VI in response to the aborted attempt of his fa ...
. Emperor Henry VI, who planned to join the forces later on, was forced to stay behind in Sicily due to illness. On September 28 he dies at Messina. Meanwhile the crusaders manage to reconquer Sidon and Beirut but return to Germany after receiving the news of the emperor's death.


Asia

*
Genghis Khan ''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan'' , birth_name = Temüjin , successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan , spouse = , issue = , house = Borjigin , ...
(or Temüjin), with help from the
Keraites The Keraites (also ''Kerait, Kereit, Khereid''; ; ) were one of the five dominant Mongol or Turkic tribal confederations (khanates) in the Altai-Sayan region during the 12th century. They had converted to the Church of the East (Nestorianism) i ...
, defeats the Jurchens of the Jin Dynasty. The Jin bestowed Genghis' blood brother Toghrul with the honorable title of Ong Khan, and Genghis receives the lesser title of ''j'aut quri''. During the winter, Toghrul returns and re-establishes himself as leader of the Keraites.


By topic


Religion

* Arbroath Abbey located in the Scottish town of
Arbroath Arbroath () or Aberbrothock ( gd, Obar Bhrothaig ) is a former royal burgh and the largest town in the council area of Angus, Scotland, with a population of 23,902. It lies on the North Sea coast some ENE of Dundee and SSW of Aberdeen. The ...
, is consecrated and dedicated to St. Thomas Becket.


Births

* October 22 –
Juntoku (October 22, 1197 – October 7, 1242) was the 84th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1210 through 1221. Genealogy Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal ...
, emperor of
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
(d.
1242 Year 1242 ( MCCXLII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Prince Alexander Nevsky is joined by his brother Andrey II (Yaroslavic ...
) * Amadeus IV, count of
Savoy Savoy (; frp, Savouè ; french: Savoie ) is a cultural-historical region in the Western Alps. Situated on the cultural boundary between Occitania and Piedmont, the area extends from Lake Geneva in the north to the Dauphiné in the south. Savo ...
(
House of Savoy The House of Savoy ( it, Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of ...
) (d.
1253 Year 1253 ( MCCLIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * January 18 – King Henry I (the Fat) dies and is succeeded by his son Hugh II, w ...
) * Dharmasvamin, Tibetan monk and pilgrim (d.
1264 Year 1264 ( MCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – Battle of Makryplagi: Constantine Palaiologos, half-brother of Em ...
) * Ibn al-Baitar, Moorish botanist and pharmacist (d.
1248 Year 1248 ( MCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Seventh Crusade * August 12 – King Louis IX (the Saint) leaves Paris together with his ...
) *
John de Braose John de Braose (born 1197 or 1198 – 18 July 1232), known as ''Tadody'' to the Welsh, was the Lord of Bramber and Gower. Re-establishment of the de Braose dynasty John re-established the senior branch of the de Braose dynasty. His father w ...
(Tadody), English nobleman (or
1198 Year 1198 ( MCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 8 – Philip of Swabia, son of the late Emperor Frederick I, is elected "Ki ...
) * Naratheinga Uzana, Burmese prince and regent (d.
1235 Year 1235 (Roman numerals, MCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * Connacht in Ireland is finally conquered by the Hiberno-Normans, Hiberno-Norman Richard Mór de Bu ...
) * Nicola Paglia, Italian priest and preacher (d.
1256 Year 1256 (Roman numerals, MCCLVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Mongol Empire * Spring – Mongol forces (some 80,000 men) under Hulagu Khan cr ...
) * Nikephoros Blemmydes, Byzantine theologian (d.
1272 Year 1272 ( MCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * February – Charles I of Anjou, king of Sicily, occupies the city of Durrës, and e ...
) *
Oberto Pallavicino Oberto Pelavicino or Pallavicino (1197-1269) was an Italian field captain under Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. He was a member of the noble Pallavicini family. Pelavicino supported Frederick II against pope Gregory IX since 1234. Starting in 1 ...
, Italian nobleman (''
signore A signoria () was the governing authority in many of the Italian city states during the Medieval and Renaissance periods. The word signoria comes from ''signore'' , or "lord"; an abstract noun meaning (roughly) "government; governing authority; ...
'') (d.
1269 Year 1269 ( MCCLXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * June 16 – Battle of Colle Val d'Elsa: Guelph forces (2,200 men) led by King Char ...
) *
Raymond VII Raymond VII (July 1197 – 27 September 1249) was Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and Marquis of Provence from 1222 until his death. Family and marriages Raymond was born at the Château de Beaucaire, the son of Raymond VI of Toulouse ...
, French nobleman and knight (d.
1249 Year 1249 ( MCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Seventh Crusade * May 13 – King Louis IX (the Saint) assembles a Crusader fleet of 120 trans ...
) * Richard of Chichester, bishop of Chichester (d. 1253) * William de Braose, English nobleman (d.
1230 Year 1230 ( MCCXXX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * March 9 – Battle of Klokotnitsa: Byzantine forces under Theodore Komnen ...
)


Deaths

*
April 23 Events Pre-1600 * 215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. * 599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southe ...
– Davyd Rostislavich, Kievan Grand Prince (b.
1140 Year 1140 ( MCXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * Spring – King Fulk of Jerusalem confronts Imad al-Din Zengi, Seljuk ruler ('' atabeg'') ...
) * April 28 – Rhys ap Gruffydd, Welsh prince of Deheubarth * June 1 –
Gertrude of Bavaria Gertrude of Bavaria (Danish and ; 1152/55–1197) was Duchess of Swabia as the spouse of Duke Frederick IV, and Queen of Denmark as the spouse of King Canute VI. Gertrude was born to Henry the Lion of Bavaria and Saxony and Clementia of Zähri ...
, queen consort of Denmark *
July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
–
Rudolf of Wied Rudolf of Wied (died 9 July 1197) (also appearing in the forms ''"Rudolph," "Rodolf," Radulf," etc.'') was anti-Archbishop of Trier, Archbishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier, Trier from 1183–1189. He was a supporter of the Holy Roman Empi ...
(or Rudolph), archbishop of Trier * September 10 – Henry I (or Henry II), king of Jerusalem (b.
1166 Year 1166 ( MCLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) asks Venice to help pay the costs of defending Sic ...
) * September 18 – Margaret of France, daughter of
Louis VII Louis VII (1120 – 18 September 1180), called the Younger, or the Young (french: link=no, le Jeune), was King of the Franks from 1137 to 1180. He was the son and successor of King Louis VI (hence the epithet "the Young") and married Duchess ...
*
September 28 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. * 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...
– Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (b.
1165 Year 1165 (Roman numerals, MCLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, Manuel I (Komnenos) mak ...
) * November 13 – Homobonus of Cremona, Italian merchant * December 12 – Wu (or Xiansheng), Chinese empress (b.
1115 Year 1115 ( MCXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * September 14 – Battle of Sarmin: The Crusaders, under Prince Roger of Salerno, surp ...
) *
Alix of France Alice of France (french: Alix; July/August 1150 – 1197/1198) was countess consort of Blois by marriage to Theobald V, Count of Blois. She was regent of Blois during the absence of her spouse in 1190-1191, and regent during the minority of Loui ...
, French countess consort and regent (b. 1150) *
Bretislav III Henry Bretislav (latinized as ''Bretislaus'', cs, Jindřich Břetislav; died 15 or 19 June 1197), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, was Bishop of Prague from 1182, then Duke of Bohemia as "Bretislav III" from 1193 to his death. Ecclesiastica ...
, bishop of Prague (
House of Přemyslid A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condit ...
) (b.
1137 Year 1137 ( MCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – Emperor John II (Komnenos) leads a Byzantine expeditionary for ...
) *
Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani Burhān al-Dīn Abu’l-Ḥasan ‘Alī bin Abī Bakr bin ‘Abd al-Jalīl al-Farghānī al-Marghīnānī ( ar, برهان الدين المرغيناني) was an Islamic scholar of the Hanafi school of jurisprudence. He was born in Marghinan nea ...
, Arab Hanafi jurist (b.
1135 Year 1135 ( MCXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * Spring – Shams al-Mulk Isma'il, Seljuk ruler of Damascuoks, sends envoys to Imad al ...
) *
Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi ( ar, جمال الدين الغَزْنَوي), was a Sunni Hanafi jurist, theologian, and Kalam scholar of the Maturidi school. Name Jamal al-Din Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Mahmud b. Sa'id b. Nuh al-Qabisi, widely known as ...
, Arab scholar and theologian *
Jón Loftsson Jón Loftsson (1124–1197; Modern Icelandic: ; Old Norse: ) was chieftain of Oddi at Rangárvellir in the south part of Iceland. Jón Loftsson was a member of the Oddaverjar family clan. His parents were Loftur Sæmundsson and Þóra M ...
, Icelandic chieftain and politician (b.
1124 Year 1124 ( MCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1124th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 124th year of the 2nd millennium, the 24th year of ...
) *
Jordan Lupin Jordan Lupin ( it, Giordano Lupino; died 1197) was the first count of Bovino in the Norman kingdom of Sicily. He played a major role in the final years of Norman rule and first years of the Staufer dynasty. Twice he was involved in opposing crusad ...
, Italo-Norman nobleman and rebel leader * Margaritus of Brindisi, Sicilian Grand Admiral (b.
1149 Year 1149 ( MCXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) recovers Corfu with the help of th ...
) * Owain ap Gruffydd (or Cyfeiliog), Welsh prince (b.
1130 Year 1130 ( MCXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * January 22 – Jin–Song Wars: Jin forces take Hangzhou. * February 4 – Jin–Song Wars: Jin forces ...
) * Peter II (or Theodor-Peter), ruler (''
tsar Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East Slavs, East and South Slavs, South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''Caesar (title), caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" i ...
'') of the Bulgaria *
Peter Cantor Peter Cantor (died 1197), also known as Peter the Chanter or by his Latin name Petrus Cantor, was a French Roman Catholic theologian.Ruadhri Ua Flaithbertaigh Ruadhri Ua Flaithbertaigh () was King of Iar Connacht. Biography Ruaidhri may have succeeded by killing his brother, Conchubhar; the Annals of Ulster, ''sub anno'' 1186, record that ''"Conchubhar Ua Flaithbertaigh was killed by Ruaidhri Ua Fl ...
, Irish king of Iar Connacht * Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, Ayyubid emir (prince) of Arabia * Walter Devereux, Norman nobleman and knight (b.
1173 Year 1173 ( MCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * January 5 – Bolesław IV (the Curly), High Duke of Poland, dies after a 27-year ...
) * William de Longchamp, Norman nobleman and bishop


References

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