Giorgi III of Georgia (Kintsvisi monastery fresco)

Year 1178 ( MCLXXVIII) was a

common year starting on Sunday A common year starting on Sunday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Sunday, January 1, 1 January, and ends on Sunday, December 31, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is A. The most recent year was 2017 and the next ...

(link will display the full calendar) of the

Julian calendar The Julian calendar, proposed by Roman consul Julius Caesar in 46 BC, was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on , by edict. It was designed with the aid of Greek mathematicians and astronomers such as Sosigenes of Alexandr ...

, the 1178th year of the

Common Era Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era. Common Era and Before the Common Era are alternatives to the or ...

(CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 178th year of the

2nd millennium File:2nd millennium montage.png, From top left, clockwise: in 1492, Christopher Columbus reaches North America, opening the European colonization of the Americas; the American Revolution, one of the late 1700s Enlightenment-inspired Atlantic Rev ...

, the 78th year of the 12th century, and the 9th year of the

1170s The 1170s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1170, and ended on December 31, 1179. Significant people * Saladin also known as Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub * Al-Mustadi caliph of Baghdad * Pope Alexander III Pope A ...

decade.

Events

By place

Europe

June 30 Events Pre-1600 * 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy. * 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...

– Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) is crowned King of Burgundy at

Arles Arles (, , ; oc, label= Provençal, Arle ; Classical la, Arelate) is a coastal city and commune in the South of France, a subprefecture in the Bouches-du-Rhône department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in the former province of ...

. He will repeat the ceremony in

1186 Year 1186 (Roman numerals, MCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * January 27 – Constance of Sicily marries Henry (the future Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor) ...

. Returning to

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

, he begins proceedings against Henry III (the Lion), duke of

Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a landlocked state of ...

, who has been charged by Saxon noblemen with breaking the king's peace. * July 17 –

Saracen upright 1.5, Late 15th-century German woodcut depicting Saracens Saracen ( ) was a term used in the early centuries, both in Greek and Latin writings, to refer to the people who lived in and near what was designated by the Romans as Arabia Pe ...

pirates, from the

Balearic Islands The Balearic Islands ( es, Islas Baleares ; or ca, Illes Balears ) are an archipelago in the Balearic Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago is an autonomous community and a province of Spain; its capital is ...

, raid the

Cistercian The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint ...

monastery of Saint Honorat on the

Lérins Islands The Lérins Islands (in french: les Îles de Lérins, ) are a group of four Mediterranean islands off the French Riviera, in Cannes. The two largest islands in this group are the Île Sainte-Marguerite and the Île Saint-Honorat. The smaller ...

, and the city of

Toulon Toulon (, , ; oc, label= Provençal, Tolon , , ) is a city on the French Riviera and a large port on the Mediterranean coast, with a major naval base. Located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, and the Provence province, Toulon is th ...

, killing an estimated 300 and taking captives. The surviving captives are freed from the

1185 Year 1185 ( MCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * August – King William II (the Good) lands in Epirus with a Siculo-Nor ...

. * King

George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

defeats a nobles' revolt and proclaims his 18-year-old daughter Tamar (the Great) as co-ruler of Georgia. *

Orio Mastropiero Orio Mastropiero (died 13 June 1192), forename sometimes rendered as Aurio and surname as Malipiero, was a Venetian statesman who served as the doge of Venice from 1178 to 1192. He was elected by the Council of Forty in 1178 following the retireme ...

is elected by the

Council of Forty The Council of Forty ( it, Consiglio dei Quaranta), also known as the ''Quarantia'', was one of the highest constitutional bodies of the Republic of Venice, with both legal and political functions as the supreme court. Origins and evolution By some ...

as doge of

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

, following the retirement of Sebastiano Ziani. * Portuguese forces under King Afonso I (the Conqueror) capture the city of Beja from the

Almohads The Almohad Caliphate (; ar, خِلَافَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or or from ar, ٱلْمُوَحِّدُونَ, translit=al-Muwaḥḥidūn, lit=those who profess the unity of God) was a North African Berber Muslim empire fo ...

.Picard C. (1997). ''La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age''. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p. 78.

By topic

Art and Science

* The Leaning Tower of Pisa begins to lean, as the third level is completed (approximate date).

Religion

* Summer – Antipope

Callixtus III Pope Callixtus III ( it, Callisto III, va, Calixt III, es, Calixto III; 31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458), born Alfonso de Borgia ( va, Alfons de Borja), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 April 1455 to his ...

submits to Pope Alexander III after having reigned for 10 years with support from Frederick I. * June 18 – Five monks from

Canterbury Canterbury (, ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, situated in the heart of the City of Canterbury local government district of Kent, England. It lies on the River Stour, Kent, River Stour. ...

see what is possibly the

Giordano Bruno crater Giordano Bruno is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon, just beyond the northeastern limb. It lies in an area that can be viewed during a favorable libration, although the area is viewed from the side and not much detail can be s ...

being formed.

Births

October 27 Events Pre-1600 * 312 – Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. * 1275 – Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam. * 1524 – French troops lay siege to Pavia. * 1553 – Condemned as ...

–

Zhen Dexiu Zhen Dexiu (; 1178 – 1235) was a Chinese politician and philosopher during the Southern Song dynasty. His Neo-Confucianist views were influential at court and together with his colleague Wei Liaoweng he was instrumental in making Neo-Confuciani ...

, Chinese politician (d.

1235 Year 1235 (Roman numerals, MCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * Connacht in Ireland is finally conquered by the Hiberno-Normans, Hiberno-Norman Richard Mór de Bu ...

) * December 22 –

Antoku was the 81st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1180 through 1185. During this time, the Imperial family was involved in a bitter struggle between warring clans. Minamoto no Yori ...

, emperor of

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

(d.

) *

Alam al-Din al-Hanafi Alam al-Din Ibn-Abidin al-Hanafi (; 1178 – 1251) was an Egyptian mathematician, astronomer and engineer during the Ayyubid period. Alam al-Din was born in Egypt, son of a well-known Egyptian scholar Abidin Ibn al-Hanafi. He later moved to Mosu ...

, Ayyubid mathematician (d.

1251 Year 1251 ( MCCLI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * April – The first Shepherds' Crusade, a domestic French uprising in response to events ...

) * Al-Faqih al-Muqaddam, Arab religious leader (d.

1232 Year 1232 ( MCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * June 15 – Battle of Agridi: The Cypriot army under King Henry I (the Fat) defeats ...

) *

Armand de Périgord Armand de Lavoie (or Hermann de Lavoie (Périgord) (1178–c.1244/1247) was a descendant of the Counts of Périgord and a Grand Master of the Knights Templar. Armand, possibly from Guienne, was preceptor of the Province of Calabria and Sicily. In ...

, French Grand Master (d.

1244 Year 1244 ( MCCXLIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 16 – Siege of Montségur: French forces capture and destroy Château de Montsé ...

) *

Hugh I Hugh I may refer to: * Hugh I of Lusignan (c. 885–c. 930) * Hugh I, Count of Maine (died 933) * Hugh I, Viscount of Châteaudun (died 989 or after) * Hugh I of France (c. 939–996), a.k.a. Hugh Capet, first King of the Franks of the Capetian dy ...

, Sardinian ruler (

Judge of Arborea The Kings or ''Judges'' (from the Latin language, Latin ''iudices'' and the Sardinian language, Sardinian ', "judges," the title of the Byzantine officials left behind when Imperial power receded in the West) of the Kingdom of Arborea, Arborea ...

) (d. 1211) *

Matteo Rosso Orsini Matteo Rosso Orsini (1178–1246), called the Great, was an Italian politician, the father of Pope Nicholas III. He was named ''senatore'' of the City of Rome by Pope Gregory IX in 1241: in this capacity he took a firm stand against the ventur ...

, Italian politician (d.

1246 Year 1246 ( MCCXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * February 28 – Siege of Jaén: Castilian forces, led by King Ferdinand III (the Sai ...

) * Peter II (the Catholic), king of

Aragon Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to sou ...

(d.

1213 Year 1213 ( MCCXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events * May 15 – King John of England submits to Pope Innocent III, who in turn lifts the interdict of 1208 the ...

) *

Roland of Cremona Roland of Cremona (around 1178–1259) was a Dominican theologian and an early scholastic philosopher. He was the first Dominican regent master at Paris, France (1229–1230).''The Early Scholastics'', ''The Problem Of The Soul In The Thirteenth Ce ...

, French theologian (d.

1259 Year 1259 ( MCCLIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * September – Battle of Pelagonia: The Empire of Nicaea defeats the Principality of Ac ...

) * Thomas I (or Tommaso), count of

Savoy Savoy (; frp, Savouè ; french: Savoie ) is a cultural-historical region in the Western Alps. Situated on the cultural boundary between Occitania and Piedmont, the area extends from Lake Geneva in the north to the Dauphiné in the south. Savo ...

(d.

1233 Year 1233 (Roman numerals, MCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * War of the Lombards: Lombard forces at Kyrenia surrender to John of Ib ...

) *

Wei Liaoweng Wei Liaoweng (; 1178–1237) was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the Southern Song Dynasty. He and his colleague Zhen Dexiu were instrumental in establishing Neo-Confucianism as the dominant political philosophy of the court at the time. ...

, Chinese politician and philosopher (d.

1237 Year 1237 ( MCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – Emperor Frederick II assembles an expeditionary force (some 15,000 ...

) * Wuzhun Shifan, Chinese calligrapher and painter (d.

1249 Year 1249 ( MCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Seventh Crusade * May 13 – King Louis IX (the Saint) assembles a Crusader fleet of 120 trans ...

)

Deaths

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of ...

–

Evermode of Ratzeburg Evermode, or Evermod (c. 1100 – 17 February 1178), was one of the first Premonstratensian canons regular, and became the lifelong companion of Norbert of Xanten, who founded the order in France in 1120. Evermode was born in Belgium. After ...

, German bishop *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &ndash ...

–

Godfrey van Rhenen Godfried or Godfrey van Rhenen (died on 27 May 1178) was a bishop of Utrecht from 1156 to 1178. Godfrey was appointed with support from Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor in 1159 to deal with a revolt of citizens and his own ministers as a conseque ...

, bishop of

Utrecht Utrecht ( , , ) is the List of cities in the Netherlands by province, fourth-largest city and a List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality of the Netherlands, capital and most populous city of the Provinces of the Netherlands, pro ...

December 30 Events Pre-1600 *534 – The second and final edition of the Code of Justinian comes into effect in the Byzantine Empire. *999 – Battle of Glenmama: The combined forces of Munster and Meath under king Brian Boru inflict a crushi ...

– Pribislav, prince of

Mecklenburg Mecklenburg (; nds, label=Low German, Mękel(n)borg ) is a historical region in northern Germany comprising the western and larger part of the federal-state Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The largest cities of the region are Rostock, Schwerin ...

Áedh Ua Flaithbheartaigh Áedh Ua Flaithbheartaigh (died 1178) was King of Iar Connacht. Biography The annals record that Áedh died at Annaghdown, demonstrating that the Muintir Murchada still held some influence east of Lough Corrib into the late 12th century. In ...

, king of Iar Connacht *

Ada de Warenne Ada de Warenne (or Adeline de Varenne) ( 1120 – 1178) was the Anglo-Norman wife of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumbria and Earl of Huntingdon. She was the daughter of William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey by Elizabeth of Vermandois, and a ...

, Scottish

noblewoman Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy (class), aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below Royal family, royalty. Nobility has often been an Estates of the realm, estate of the realm with many e ...

(b.

1120 Year 1120 ( MCXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Siege of Sozopolis: Byzantine forces under Emperor John II Komnenos conquer Sozopoli ...

) * Amadeus I, Swiss nobleman (

House of Geneva A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condi ...

) *

Anthelm of Belley Anthelm of Belley (1107–1178) was a prior of the Carthusian Grand Chartreuse and bishop of Belley. He was born near Chambéry in 1107. He would later receive an ecclesiastical benefice in the area of Belley. When he was thirty years old ...

, French

prior Prior (or prioress) is an ecclesiastical title for a superior in some religious orders. The word is derived from the Latin for "earlier" or "first". Its earlier generic usage referred to any monastic superior. In abbeys, a prior would be l ...

and bishop (b.

1107 Year 1107 ( MCVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Scotland * January 8 – King Edgar (the Valiant) dies at Edinburgh Castle after a 9-year reign ...

) *

Frowin of Engelberg Frowin of Engleberg, in German ''Frowin von Engelberg'' (died 27 March 1178) was a Swiss German Benedictine abbot. Though never formally beatified, Frowin was styled "Blessed" by some chroniclers. He was the second abbot of the Engelberg Abbey, Mona ...

(the Blessed), Swiss

abbot Abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the male head of a monastery in various Western religious traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not the head of a monastery. The fem ...

Fujiwara no Narichika Fujiwara no Narichika (藤原成親) (1138–1178) was a Japanese court noble who took part in a plot against the Taira clan's dominance of the Imperial court. Narichika was the son of Fujiwara no Ienari. For his role in the Shishigatani Inci ...

, Japanese nobleman (b.

1138 Year 1138 ( MCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 7 – Conrad III is elected as King of Germany, in the presence of the ...

) *

Kristin Sigurdsdatter Kristin Sigurdsdatter (ca. 1125–1178) was a Norwegian princess and mother of King Magnus V of Norway. Kristin was a daughter of King Sigurd I of Norway and Malmfred of Kiev. She married Erling Skakke (''Erling Ormsson Skakke''), a Norwegian no ...

, Norwegian princess (b.

1125 Year 1125 ( MCXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * June 11 – Battle of Azaz: The Crusader states led by King Baldwin II of Jerusalem ...

) *

Nashwan al-Himyari Nashwān ibn Saʻīd al-Ḥimyarī ( ar, نشوان ابن سعيد الحميري) was a Yemeni theologian, judge, philologist, poet and historian. Life He was a member of a nobel Yemeni family from Uawt near Sanaa. He is said to have some Mu't ...

, Arab theologian and writer * Petrus Comestor, French theologian and writer * Philippa of Antioch, princess of

Antioch Antioch on the Orontes (; grc-gre, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου, ''Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou'', Learned ; also Syrian Antioch) grc-koi, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπ� ...

(b.

1148 Year 1148 ( MCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Second Crusade * January 1 – The French crusaders under King Louis VII defeat a Turkish am ...

) *

Richard the Chaplain Richard the Chaplain (or Ricardus Capellanus) was the Chaplain of King Malcolm IV of Scotland, Máel Coluim IV before becoming Bishop of St. Andrews, Bishop of Cell Rígmonaid (St Andrews), the highest ranking Scottish Episcopal see, see of the pe ...

, bishop of Cell Rigmonaid *

Walter de Bidun Walter de Bidun († 1178) was a clerk of King William of Scotland, Chancellor of Scotland and Bishop-elect of Dunkeld. Walter was a witness to a charter that granted the mainland properties of Iona Abbey, then under the rule of the Lord of th ...

, English bishop and chancellor *

William of Lucca William of Lucca (Guglielmo da Lucca) (died 1178 AD) was an Italian theologian and scholastic philosopher. He taught at Bologna, in the third quarter of the twelfth century. He wrote a commentary on ''The Divine Names'' of Pseudo-Dionysius, combi ...

, Italian theologian and writer

References

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