1. X. 1905
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''1. X. 1905'', also known as Piano Sonata ''1.X.1905'', is a two-
movement Movement may refer to: Common uses * Movement (clockwork), the internal mechanism of a timepiece * Motion, commonly referred to as movement Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * "Movement" (short story), a short story by Nancy Fu ...
(originally three-movement)
piano sonata A piano sonata is a sonata written for a solo piano. Piano sonatas are usually written in three or four movements, although some piano sonatas have been written with a single movement ( Scarlatti, Liszt, Scriabin, Medtner, Berg), others with t ...
in
E-flat minor E-flat minor is a minor scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F, G, A, B, C, and D. Its key signature consists of six flats. Its relative key is G-flat major (or enharmonically F-sharp major) and its parallel key is E-flat major. I ...
composed by
Leoš Janáček Leoš Janáček (, baptised Leo Eugen Janáček; 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist, and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic musics, including Eastern European fol ...
in 1905. It is also known as ''From the Street''.


Background

Janáček intended the composition to be a tribute to a worker named František Pavlík (1885–1905), who on 1 October 1905 was
bayonet A bayonet (from French ) is a knife, dagger, sword, or spike-shaped weapon designed to fit on the end of the muzzle of a rifle, musket or similar firearm, allowing it to be used as a spear-like weapon.Brayley, Martin, ''Bayonets: An Illustr ...
ed during demonstrations in support for a Czech university in
Brno Brno ( , ; german: Brünn ) is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 380,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic ...
. In the work, Janáček expresses his disapproval of the violent death of the young carpenter. He started to compose it immediately after the incident occurred and finished its composition in January 1906. The première took place on 27 January 1906 in Brno (''Friends of the Arts Club''), with Ludmila Tučková at the piano. Janáček also wrote a third movement, a funeral march, which he cut out and burned shortly before the first public performance of the piece in 1906. He was not satisfied with the rest of the composition either and later tossed the manuscript of the two remaining movements into the river
Vltava Vltava ( , ; german: Moldau ) is the longest river in the Czech Republic, running southeast along the Bohemian Forest and then north across Bohemia, through Český Krumlov, České Budějovice and Prague, and finally merging with the Labe at M ...
. He later commented with regret about his impulsive action: "And it floated along on the water that day, like white swans". Zahrádka (2005), p. IX The composition remained lost until 1924 (the year of Janáček's seventieth birthday), when Tučková announced that she owned a copy. The second performance took place on 23 November 1924 in Prague, under the title ''1. X. 1905''. Janáček later accompanied the work with the following inscription:
"The white marble of the steps of the in Brno. The ordinary labourer František Pavlík falls, stained with blood. He came merely to champion higher learning and has been slain by cruel murderers."
The first authorized printed edition of the work was published in 1924 by the ''Hudební matice'' in Prague. The Dutch composer
Theo Verbey Theo Verbey (5 July 1959 – 13 October 2019) was a Dutch composer. Biography Theo Verbey was a Dutch contemporary classical composer whose music is performed by orchestras and ensembles throughout the world. His style could be considered to ...
made an orchestral version of ''1.X.1905'', which premiered on 9 May 2008 in
Utrecht Utrecht ( , , ) is the List of cities in the Netherlands by province, fourth-largest city and a List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality of the Netherlands, capital and most populous city of the Provinces of the Netherlands, pro ...
, the Netherlands, with the Dutch
Radio Filharmonisch Orkest The Radio Filharmonisch Orkest (''Radio Philharmonic Orchestra''; Dutch abbreviation RFO) is a Dutch radio orchestra, based in Hilversum. The RFO performs under the aegis of the ''Muziekcentrum van de Omroep'' (Broadcasting Music Centre; NMBC), an ...
conducted by
Claus Peter Flor Claus Peter Flor (born 16 March 1953, Leipzig) is a German conductor. Flor studied violin and clarinet at the Robert Schumann Conservatory in Zwickau. He continued his music studies at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Weimar and the HMT Felix ...
.


Movements

The two
movements Movement may refer to: Common uses * Movement (clockwork), the internal mechanism of a timepiece * Motion, commonly referred to as movement Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * "Movement" (short story), a short story by Nancy Fu ...
in this
sonata Sonata (; Italian: , pl. ''sonate''; from Latin and Italian: ''sonare'' rchaic Italian; replaced in the modern language by ''suonare'' "to sound"), in music, literally means a piece ''played'' as opposed to a cantata (Latin and Italian ''cant ...
are: * Foreboding (''Předtucha'') –
Con moto A variety of musical terms are likely to be encountered in printed scores, music reviews, and program notes. Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. Sometimes, the special mu ...
* Death (''Smrt'') –
Adagio Adagio (Italian for 'slowly', ) may refer to: Music * Adagio, a tempo marking, indicating that music is to be played slowly, or a composition intended to be played in this manner * Adagio (band), a French progressive metal band Albums * ''Adagi ...


Recordings

* Leoš Janáček: ''Piano Works''.
Supraphon Supraphon Music Publishing is a Czech record label, oriented mainly towards publishing classical music and popular music, with an emphasis on Czech and Slovak composers. History The Supraphon name was first registered as a trademark in 1932. T ...
1972. SU 3812-2 (
Josef Páleníček Josef Páleníček (July 19, 1914, Travnik, Bosnia, Austria-Hungary—March 7, 1991, Prague) was a Czech piano virtuoso and composer. Biography Páleníček studied at the gymnasium in Prague, and concurrently he studied also at the Pra ...
) * Leoš Janáček: ''Piano Works''.
Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon (; DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation PolyGram. Headquartered in Berlin Friedrichshain, it is now part of Universal Music Group (UMG) since its merger with the UMG family of ...
1972. 429 857–2 (
Rudolf Firkušný Rudolf Firkušný (; 11 February 191219 July 1994) was a Moravian-born, Moravian-American classical pianist. Life Born in Moravian town Napajedla, Firkušný started his musical studies with the composers Leoš Janáček and Josef Suk, and ...
) * Leoš Janáček: ''Complete Piano Works''. ArcoDiva. UP 0071–2132 ( Jan Jiraský) * Leoš Janáček: ''Piano Music Volume 1''. Naxos (1996) N 8.553586 (Thomas Hlawatsch) * Leoš Janáček: ''Sonata 1. X., In the Mist, On an Overgrown Path''. Nonesuch (1983) 79041 (
Ivan Moravec Ivan Moravec (9 November 1930 – 27 July 2015) was a Czech concert pianist whose performing and recording career spanned nearly half a century. Media and critics worldwide often called Moravec "a poet of the piano" or "pianist supreme". He is cons ...
) * Leoš Janáček: ''The Piano Works of Leoš Janáček''. Helicon (1999) N 1204928 (Avner Arad) * Leoš Janáček: ''Piano Sonata 1.X.1905, In the Mists, On the Overgrown Path, Series 1''. EMI (2000) 724356183926 (
Leif Ove Andsnes Leif Ove Andsnes (; born 7 April 1970) is a Norwegian pianist and chamber musician. Andsnes has made several recordings for Virgin and EMI. In 2012, Leif Ove Andsnes has signed to Sony Classical, and recorded for the label the "Beethoven Journe ...
) * Leoš Janáček: ''Piano Works (Complete)''.
Brilliant Classics Brilliant Classics is a classical music label based in the Dutch town of Leeuwarden. It is renowned for releasing super-budget-priced editions on CD of the complete works of J.S. Bach, Mozart, Beethoven and many other composers. The label also sp ...
(2004) 92295 (
Håkon Austbø Håkon Austbø (born October 22, 1948) is a Norwegian classical pianist. He has created many recordings for the label Brilliant Classics and Naxos Records, and is also a professor at the Amsterdam conservatory. Born in Kongsberg, Austbø studie ...
) * ''Chopin & Janáček: Piano Sonatas & Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition (Salzburg Festival 1957)'', Orfeo (2005), C633041B (
Rudolf Firkušný Rudolf Firkušný (; 11 February 191219 July 1994) was a Moravian-born, Moravian-American classical pianist. Life Born in Moravian town Napajedla, Firkušný started his musical studies with the composers Leoš Janáček and Josef Suk, and ...
) * Leoš Janáček: ''Returning Paths: Solo Piano Works By Janáček and Suk''. CAG (2014) 820360180828 () * Leoš Janáček: 'Piano Sonata 1.X.1905; On an Overgrown Path 1st & 2nd Series; In The Mist; A Recollection.' SommCD 028 – (Charles Owen) *''Haochen Zhang plays Schumann, Liszt, Janáček and Brahms''. BIS (2017) BIS-2238 7318599922386 ( Haochen Zhang)


Notes


References

* * Janáček, Leoš (1989).
Ludvík Kundera Ludvík Kundera (22 March 1920 – 17 August 2010) was a Czech writer, translator, poet, playwright, editor and literary historian. He was a notable exponent of the Czech avant-garde literature and a prolific translator of German authors. In 20 ...
and
Jarmil Burghauser Jarmil Michael Burghauser (born Jarmil Michael Mokrý, 21 October 1921, Písek19 February 1997, Prague) was a Czech composer, conductor, and musicologist. After the short-lived Prague Spring, he incurred the disfavor of his country's Communist r ...
. ed. ''Compositions for Piano''; musical text reprinted from ''Complete Critical Edition of the Works of Leoš Janáček'', series F/volume 1, 1979,
Supraphon Supraphon Music Publishing is a Czech record label, oriented mainly towards publishing classical music and popular music, with an emphasis on Czech and Slovak composers. History The Supraphon name was first registered as a trademark in 1932. T ...
, Prague. * Kundera, Milan (1994). Sleeve notes for ''Leoš Janáček – Piano works''. Harmonia Mundi, played by Alain Planès.


External links


Recording
by Alon Goldstein (archived on the
Wayback Machine The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web founded by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit based in San Francisco, California. Created in 1996 and launched to the public in 2001, it allows the user to go "back in time" and see ...
)
''1. X. 1905'' for orchestra
at
Universal Edition Universal Edition (UE) is a classical music publishing firm. Founded in 1901 in Vienna, they originally intended to provide the core classical works and educational works to the Austrian market (which had until then been dominated by Leipzig-base ...
, arranger:
Theo Verbey Theo Verbey (5 July 1959 – 13 October 2019) was a Dutch composer. Biography Theo Verbey was a Dutch contemporary classical composer whose music is performed by orchestras and ensembles throughout the world. His style could be considered to ...
* {{Authority control Compositions by Leoš Janáček Piano sonatas 1906 compositions Compositions in E-flat minor