1,6-Methano 0nnulene (also known as 1,6-methanonaphthalene or homonaphthalene) is an

aromatic hydrocarbon Aromatic compounds, also known as "mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", are organic compounds containing one or more aromatic rings. The parent member of aromatic compounds is benzene. The word "aromatic" originates from the past grouping ...

with

chemical formula In chemistry, a chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, ...

CH. It was the first stable aromatic compound based on the

cyclodecapentaene Cyclodecapentaene or 0nnulene is an annulene with molecular formula C10H10. This organic compound is a conjugated 10 pi electron cyclic system and according to Huckel's rule it should display aromaticity. It is not aromatic, however, because va ...

system to be discovered.

Preparation

According to ''

Organic Syntheses ''Organic Syntheses'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1921. It publishes detailed and checked procedures for the synthesis of organic compounds. A unique feature of the review process is that all of the data and ex ...

'', it can be prepared from

naphthalene Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromati ...

. :

Aromaticity

It is analogous to

( 0nnulene), but with two hydrogen atoms replaced by a transannular

methylene bridge In organic chemistry, a methylene bridge, methylene spacer, or methanediyl group is any part of a molecule with formula ; namely, a carbon atom bound to two hydrogen atoms and connected by single bonds to two other distinct atoms in the rest of ...

(--). Consequently, it obeys

Hückel's rule In organic chemistry, Hückel's rule predicts that a planar ring molecule will have aromatic properties if it has 4''n'' + 2 π electrons, where ''n'' is a non-negative integer. The quantum mechanical basis for its formulation was fir ...

(''n'' = 2) and despite the distortion from planarity introduced by the methylene bridge, the compound is

aromatic In chemistry, aromaticity is a chemical property of cyclic ( ring-shaped), ''typically'' planar (flat) molecular structures with pi bonds in resonance (those containing delocalized electrons) that gives increased stability compared to satur ...

. In fact, when prepared by Vogel in the 1960s it was the first stable aromatic cyclodecapentaene to be discovered. Its

aromaticity In chemistry, aromaticity is a chemical property of cyclic ( ring-shaped), ''typically'' planar (flat) molecular structures with pi bonds in resonance (those containing delocalized electrons) that gives increased stability compared to saturate ...

is confirmed by three main pieces of evidence. Firstly, the similarity in carbon-carbon

bond length In molecular geometry, bond length or bond distance is defined as the average distance between nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. It is a transferable property of a bond between atoms of fixed types, relatively independent of the rest of ...

s as measured by

x-ray crystallography X-ray crystallography is the experimental science determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. By measuring the angles ...

is inconsistent with alternating

single Single may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * Single (music), a song release Songs * "Single" (Natasha Bedingfield song), 2004 * "Single" (New Kids on the Block and Ne-Yo song), 2008 * "Single" (William Wei song), 2016 * "Single", by ...

and

double bond In chemistry, a double bond is a covalent bond between two atoms involving four bonding electrons as opposed to two in a single bond. Double bonds occur most commonly between two carbon atoms, for example in alkenes. Many double bonds exist betw ...

s. The actual structure is better considered as a pair of

resonance hybrid In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or ''forms'', also variously known as ''resonance structures'' or '' ...

s (like the Kekulé structures of benzene) rather than as having alternating single and double bonds. Secondly, its H NMR spectrum displays influence of the

diamagnetic ring current An aromatic ring current is an effect observed in aromatic molecules such as benzene and naphthalene. If a magnetic field is directed perpendicular to the plane of the aromatic system, a ring current is induced in the delocalized π electrons ...

which is characteristic of aromatic compounds. The peripheral protons around the ring are deshielded while the methylene bridge nuclei are strongly shielded. Its resonance energy is smaller than that of

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Methanoannulene, 1, 6- Aromatic hydrocarbons Non-benzenoid aromatic carbocycles

Preparation

Aromaticity

See also

References